Variations In Moisture Content Research Articles

Identification of DNA Methylation Changes in European Beech Seeds during Desiccation and Storage.

Ageing and deterioration of seeds is a major problem for the maintenance of seed quality and viability during long-term storage. Prediction of early stages of seed deterioration in order to point out the plantlets' regeneration time is a major challenge of successful storage. In preserved seeds, damages accumulate within cells at the rate mainly related to their moisture content and temperature of storage. Current research reveals global alterations in DNA methylation in lipid-rich intermediate seeds during desiccation and storage at various regimes covering nonoptimal and optimal conditions. We show for the first time that monitoring of 5-methylcytosine (m5C) level in seeds can be used as a truly universal viability marker regardless of postharvest category of seeds and their composition. For seeds stored up to three years, in varied conditions, moisture content, temperature, and time of storage had significant influence on seedling emergence and DNA methylation (p < 0.05). Similarities among lipid-rich intermediate and orthodox seeds regarding different reactions of embryonic axes and cotyledons to desiccation are newly revealed. Along with previous studies on seeds dramatically different in desiccation tolerance (recalcitrant vs. orthodox), results regarding lipid-rich seeds positioned in-between (intermediate) prove that maintaining global DNA methylation status is crucial for maintaining seed viability.

The Role of Drying Schedule and Conditioning in Moisture Uniformity in Wood: A Machine Learning Approach.

Monitoring the moisture content (MC) of wood and avoiding large MC variation is a crucial task as a large moisture spread after drying significantly devalues the product, especially in species with high green MC spread. Therefore, this research aims to optimize kiln-drying and provides a predictive approach to estimate and classify target timber moisture, using a gradient-boosting machine learning model. Inputs include three wood attributes (initial moisture, initial weight, and basic density) and three drying parameters (schedule, conditioning, and post-storage). Results show that initial weight has the highest correlation with the final moisture and possesses the highest relative importance in both predictive and classifier models. This model demonstrated a drop in training accuracy after removing schedule, conditioning, and post-storage from inputs, emphasizing that the drying parameters are significant in the robustness of the model. However, the regression-based model failed to satisfactorily predict the moisture after kiln-drying. In contrast, the classifying model is capable of classifying dried wood into acceptable, over-, and under-dried groups, which could apply to timber pre- and post-sorting. Overall, the gradient-boosting model successfully classified the moisture in kiln-dried western hemlock timber.

Undrained Cyclic Loading Response of Subgrade Soil Subjected to Varying Moisture Content and Stress Level

Subgrades that are constructed from fine-grained cohesive soils undergo large settlements; therefore, the study of their deformation behavior is important to avoid early deterioration in the traffic infrastructure. In this study, the deformation behavior of two different types of cohesive subgrade soils at different compaction states has been addressed that considered the effect of influencing factors, such as water content, deviatoric stress, and confining pressure (σ3). The results from the unconsolidated undrained cyclic triaxial tests show that the deformation behavior of soil is highly influenced by the level of applied deviatoric stresses and moisture content on the wet side of optimum (WS) and is slightly affected by σ3 and moisture content on the dry side of optimum (DS). The elastic strain (ɛe) component showed a decreasing trend with an increase in the number of load cycles (N) and then attained a steady value toward a higher N; however, the plastic strain (ɛp) component continuously increased for a given magnitude of applied cyclic deviatoric stresses (σd,c). From the test results, logarithmic strain models were proposed to predict the long-term total (ɛt) strain and ɛp that developed in cohesive subgrade soils, which were subjected to various combinations of variations in moisture content and stresses. The proposed model has been compared with the existing model and shows better prediction ability with a coefficient of correlation (R2) of >95% in most cases.

Genome-wide association study of agronomical and root-related traits in spring barley collection grown under field conditions.

The root system is a key component for plant survival and productivity. In particular, under stress conditions, developing plants with a better root architecture can ensure productivity. The objectives of this study were to investigate the phenotypic variation of selected root- and yield-related traits in a diverse panel of spring barley genotypes. By performing a genome-wide association study (GWAS), we identified several associations underlying the variations occurring in root- and yield-related traits in response to natural variations in soil moisture. Here, we report the results of the GWAS based on both individual single-nucleotide polymorphism markers and linkage disequilibrium (LD) blocks of markers for 11 phenotypic traits related to plant morphology, grain quality, and root system in a group of spring barley accessions grown under field conditions. We also evaluated the root structure of these accessions by using a nondestructive method based on electrical capacitance. The results showed the importance of two LD-based blocks on chromosomes 2H and 7H in the expression of root architecture and yield-related traits. Our results revealed the importance of the region on the short arm of chromosome 2H in the expression of root- and yield-related traits. This study emphasized the pleiotropic effect of this region with respect to heading time and other important agronomic traits, including root architecture. Furthermore, this investigation provides new insights into the roles played by root traits in the yield performance of barley plants grown under natural conditions with daily variations in soil moisture content.

Long-term performance assessment of post-tensioned timber connections under different climates

Timber structures are sensitive to the changes in climatic condition as wood absorbs or desorbs moisture from the ambient environment. The varying climatic condition can induce time-dependent deformation of timber that further leads to long-term variation of structural performance. Such issue needs to be carefully considered during the design process especially for structures in outdoor environment and uncontrolled indoor environment. This study assesses the long-term prestressing force loss of post-tensioned timber connections under different climatic conditions. First, the climatic conditions in ten Chinese and Canadian cities were identified. The statistics and yearly variations of relative humidity and temperature were analyzed and compared. Subsequently, a validated numerical model was used to predict the long-term variation of moisture content over 50 years in the ten cities. The effects of initial moisture content and member sizes were discussed. Finally, four long-term performance (prestressing force loss) levels were proposed based on the maximum lifetime prestressing force loss percentage. Various post-tensioned timber connections accounting for different climatic conditions, initial moisture content, member sizes and connection details were simulated and assessed by determining the long-term performance level. The results in this study demonstrated that climatic condition significantly affected the long-term performance level of post-tensioned timber connections. Furthermore, the percentage of extensive prestressing force loss during the long-term service was closely correlated with the initial moisture content, member sizes and connection details.

Strain measurement in glulam timber for bridges with embedded strain gauges and detection of moisture-variation effects

ABSTRACT As an ecological and renewable material with good mechanical and geometrical characteristics, glulam is becoming more and more interesting in the construction of timber bridges. However, due to their exposure to outdoor conditions, these structures are subject to climatic wetting/drying (W/D) cycles, and consequently undergo numerous dimensional variations of shrinkage/swelling, thus impacting the durability of these structures. This study first proposes an accelerated W/D cycle to simulate the moisture content (MC) variations present in timber bridges, i.e. between 10% and 30% MC. For this purpose, a climatic chamber controlled in temperature and relative humidity, and immersion tanks were used to accelerate the wood MC diffusion. Subsequently, the monitoring of strain by gauges embedded in the core of the specimen was carried out to apprehend the shrinkage/swelling mechanisms induced by the W/D cycles. The results show that the bonding pressure applied during the manufacturing of glulam does not alter the measuring capacity of the gauges, and that the strain gauges allow to quantify the behaviour of the different glulam lamellae. The measurements and microstructural observations by X-ray tomography also revealed the damage to the wood under the effect of W/D cycles.

Investigation on microstructure evolution of clayey soils: A review focusing on wetting/drying process

Variability in moisture content is a common condition in natural soils. It influences soil properties significantly. A comprehensive understanding of the evolution of soil microstructure in wetting/drying process is of great significance for interpretation of soil macro hydro-mechanical behavior. In this review paper, methods that are commonly used to study soil microstructure are summarized. Among them are scanning electron microscope (SEM), environmental SEM (ESEM), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and computed tomography (CT) technology. Moreover, progress in research on the soil microstructure evolution during drying, wetting and wetting/drying cycles is summarized based on reviews of a large body of research papers published in the past several decades. Soils compacted on the wet side of optimum water content generally have a matrix-type structure with a monomodal pore size distribution (PSD), whereas soils compacted on the dry side of optimum water content display an aggregate structure that exhibits bimodal PSD. During drying, decrease in soil volume is mainly caused by the shrinkage of inter-aggregate pores. During wetting, both the intra- and inter-aggregate pores increase gradually in number and sizes. Changes in the characteristics of the soil pore structure significantly depend on stress state as the soil is subjected to wetting. During wetting/drying cycles, soil structural change is not completely reversible, and the generated cumulative swelling/shrinkage deformation mainly derives from macro-pores. Furthermore, based on this analysis and identified research needs, some important areas of research focus are proposed for future work. These areas include innovative methods of sample preparation, new observation techniques, fast quantitative analysis of soil structure, integration of microstructural parameters into macro-mechanical models, and soil microstructure evolution characteristics under multi-field coupled conditions.

EFFECTS OF MOISTURE CONTENT ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PADDY AND DEHUSKED RICE

The physical properties of rice are among the most important parameters for design of agricultural machine and other equipment for handling, planting, harvesting, processing, packaging and storing. This work is aimed at the determination of some of the physical properties of two varieties of rice at varying moisture content that are important in designing rice handling machine. The physical properties of two most popular produced rice varieties in Nigeria (FARO 44 and FARO 57) both paddy and dehusked at three different moisture content (5, 10 and 15%) were determined. Laboratory studies were carried out to determined physical properties of the two varieties of rice ((FARO 44 and FARO 57) important properties for the laboratory work includes: bulk density, unit density, roundness, axial dimensions, sphericity, projected areas, unit volume, unit weight, apparent density, were determined based on different moisture content and random sampling techniques. The results showed that minimum lengths of dehusked rice ranged from 4.57 - 5.29 mm while maximum lengths were between 8.21 - 8.25 mm. For paddy these lengths were minimally 7.65 - 8.78 mm and maximum lengths were 11.39 mm. The least range of minor diameters of dehusked rice was 4.57 - 5.29 mm and maximally these were 8.21 - 8.25 mm. Intermediate diameters were minimally 1.43 mm and maximally in the range of 2.71 - 2.78 mm for dehusked rice; for paddy these were 1.65 - 1.76 mm and 2.46 - 2.78 mm, respectively. Geometric mean diameters ranged between 3.31 - 4.05 mm. For paddy, projected area obtained within the range of 11.71 - 29.75 mm 2. For dehusked rice, projected area obtained in the range of 8.79 - 21.19 mm 2. Estimates of roundness were not higher than 33.6% for paddy or 54% for some grains of dehusked rice. The grains appeared more spherical than they were round since paddy were 35.3 - 48.3% spherical while dehusked grains were 39.8 - 59.4% spherical. Bulk densities ranged between 531.0 - 553.8 kg/m 3 and 839.6 - 852.7 kg/m 3 for dehusked forms of Faro 44 and Faro 57, respectively. True density was in the range of 1071.6 - 1566.2 kg/m 3.This study concludes that moisture content and variety affect the engineering property and is useful in the design, development of machine for processing and handling of rice products.

The effect of printing temperature and moisture on tensile properties of 3D printed glass fiber reinforced nylon 6

The Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) process of polymer-based composites has advanced due to its ability to create intricate forms and geometries while maintaining excellent mechanical qualities. Nylon 6 reinforced by 20% glass fiber filament (PA6GF) has more mechanical strength and wear resistance than standard nylon. However, FFF-based 3D printed composites can suffer from poor bead-to-bead bonding and high void content, reducing their mechanical strength. Therefore, this study aims to investigate how the temperature development and mechanical characteristics of FFF-made PA6 reinforced with chopped glass fibers change depending on crucial process parameters. The study used the D638 ASTM tensile test specimen to determine the ultimate strength of the materials. The researchers conducted experiments using different process parameters such as liquefier temperature, print speed, and bed temperature, while varying moisture content and heat treatment profiles. They compared the mechanical characteristics of neat PA6 and PA6GF and investigated the role of these factors in bonding formation during the FFF process and the following mechanical characteristics of the printed pieces. The results showed that the correct heat treatment profiles significantly improved the strength and modulus of 3D-printed composites. The lower the moisture, the higher the tensile strength, by 17% due to diminished voids in the sample. For a given moisture content, the higher the temperature, the better the tensile strength, by 3%. The fiber reinforcements of the samples gave comparatively higher tensile strength, by 45%, which was an intuitive outcome. This study demonstrates that controlling the process parameters of the FFF process, such as liquefier temperature, print speed, and bed temperature, can significantly affect the mechanical properties of 3D-printed objects. Furthermore, moisture content and heat treatment profiles also play a crucial role in bonding formation and, consequently, the mechanical characteristics of printed pieces. The findings can help optimize the FFF process to produce composites with superior mechanical properties, such as nylon 6 reinforced by glass fiber. The study contributes to advancing the field of 3D printing by identifying the critical factors that affect the mechanical properties of printed composites.

KAPAS II: simulation of peatland wildfires with daily variations of peat moisture content

Background Peatland wildfires involve flaming vegetation and smouldering peat. The smouldering behaviour strongly depends on peat moisture, which can change significantly and quickly due to weather or human activities.Aims We simulated wildfire in peatlands at the field scale and, for the first time, included daily variations of peat moisture.Methods We developed KAPAS II, a cellular automaton that includes flaming and smouldering, and coupled it with PEATCLSM (Catchment Land Surface Model) for peatland hydrology.Key results Compared with the satellite observations over 90 days of a 2018 wildfire in Borneo, KAPAS II predictions provide good agreement for burn scars (79% accuracy) and for the number of smouldering hotspots (85% accuracy). For the same burn scar, the model predicts that 54 ha of peat would smoulder when considering daily moisture variations, but only 12 ha if moisture was constant. Simulations at the same Borneo location, but in different years from 2000 to 2019, show the importance of seasons and climate events like El Niño.Conclusion Temporal variations in peat moisture, which are strongly influenced by weather and climate, are important to predict the behaviour and severity of peatland wildfires.Implications This model improves our understanding of wildfire behaviour in peatlands and can contribute to its mitigation.

Development Of Equation Of Curve To Estimate Volumetric Soil Moisture Content In CaseOf Tensiometer To Overcome The Moisture Measurement Error Due To Time Lag Issues

A field experiment was carried out at the Instructional Farm of Bidhan Chandra krishi viswavidyalaya, located in Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, in order to explore the variations in estimation of soil moisture due to time lag issues in case of tensiometer. In this work, the gravimetric technique and tensiometers were used to calculate the volumetric soil moisture content. With regard to the gravimetric approach, which was considered as the reference method, the variation of volumetric soil moisture content derived from tensiometer was analysed. For the tensiometer, it was calculated that the coefficient of variation (CV) and standard deviation (STD) values were 0.213 and 6.95 respectively. The tensiometer data was processed to compare with that volumetric moisture data which was obtained via the gravimetric approach. The objective of this study is to generate an equation of curve which would estimate the actual (error-free) volumetric soil moisture content for tensiometer from the measured volumetric soil moisture content. The equation of the curve, y = 0.009x2 + 0.7786x + 7.0652, was generated by plotting volumetric soil moisture content under tensiometer against volumetric soil moisture measured by gravimetric method (observed data). As tensiometer is not capable of producingcorrect moisture values from known tension values using soil moisture characteristics curves, due to time lag issues, soin determining the correct soil moisture status, the method of development of the equation is necessary and was proved to be very much fruitful whenever this instrument was used in the field.

Effects of Underground Mining on Soil–Vegetation System: A Case Study of Different Subsidence Areas

The influence of coal mining subsidence on the surface ecological environment can be characterized as the evolution of a complex system. Examining the ecological damage caused by coal mining subsidence from the perspective of internal soil–vegetation system relationships is important for the ecological protection and restoration of mining areas. We investigated vegetation coverage, surface soil water and nutrient content, and vadose zone soil moisture in uniform and nonuniform areas of coal mining subsidence. Subsidence reduced vegetation coverage, surface soil moisture and nutrient content, and vadose zone soil moisture while increasing their spatial variability. These effects are more pronounced in areas with nonuniform subsidence. Subsidence also reduced the degree of soil–vegetation system correlation, which was also more pronounced in areas of nonuniform subsidence. Furthermore, a higher degree of soil–vegetation correlation was linked to decreased variability in soil moisture and nutrient content. Areas of nonuniform subsidence were characterized by greater preferential flow during rain infiltration, which contributed to the spatial variability of soil moisture and nutrient content and damage to vegetation growth. Our findings revealed that coal mining subsidence reduces both the quality of environmental factors and the degree of internal correlation between these factors, of which the preferential flow effect is an important underlying mechanism. These findings provide a theoretical basis for ecosystem management and the restoration of land damaged by coal mining subsidence.

A Preliminary Study of Dewatering of Filter Mud from Sugar Mills

In order to facilitate the comprehensive reuse of the filter mud from sugar mills, the experiment of dewatering by expression of the filter mud was performed to investigate its dewatering properties. The results showed that the expression pressure has a significant effect on the dewatering properties. The moisture content of the filter mud decreased significantly as pressure increased in the lower range, and gradually became equilibrium in higher range. During the expression, the moisture contents of the mud decreased dramatically at the beginning, and then approached equilibrium. A simplified model is established for pre-dicting the variation of moisture content of the filter mud with time. The developed model has a good agreement with the experiment data.

Seismic behavior of pile foundations in unsaturated soils

Earthquakes have caused significant damage to civil engineering structures worldwide due to inadequate lateral load capacity and excessive deformation of pile foundations supporting these structures. The seismic performance of pile foundations interacting with unsaturated soils could be affected by changes in matric suction due to the moisture content variation induced by seasonal weather changes or water table fluctuations. Hence, the main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of unsaturated soil conditions on the seismic response of a pile-soil system in silty clay soils. This study utilized a stand-alone finite element computer code called DYPAC (Dynamic Piles Analysis Code) developed using the Beams on Nonlinear Winkler Foundation (BNWF) approach. Free field soil displacements and p-y curve parameters, inputs needed for DYPAC analyses, were updated based on the soil suction variations. This study found that soil suction can significantly influence the seismic performance of piles interacting with unsaturated silty clay soils, especially as the soil becomes drier in the transition zone. The best seismic performance of the pile, which is the minimum lateral pile displacement, happened in the transition zone between fully saturated and nearly dry conditions.

Evaluación y Monitoreo de la Variación del Contenido de Humedad en Suelo Tropical Compactado Usando Datos GPR

El rápido deterioro y el desempeño insatisfactorio de los pavimentos, también, están relacionados con la variación y acumulación excesiva de la humedad en la subrasante y en sus capas constituyentes. De ahí que el control de la humedad sea fundamental para asegurar, en parte, la durabilidad y el buen comportamiento de este tipo de estructuras. El Georradar (GPR) ha demostrado ser una potencial alternativa útil para este propósito, dadas sus características no invasivas, preservando la integridad del sitio bajo observación, además de la capacidad de recolectar datos de manera rápida y continua. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la sensibilidad del GPR a los cambios de humedad e investigar la influencia que tienen los modelos de calibración en la estimación del contenido de humedad en un suelo tropical compactado. Se utilizaron muestras de suelo laterítico deformado y se sometieron a ensayos para la caracterización de sus propiedades físicas y compactación. Se utilizó una antena GPR de 1600 MHz para la adquisición de datos en un ambiente de laboratorio controlado. En general, los resultados mostraron que el GPR es una alternativa promisoria, con precisión satisfactoria en la evaluación de la humedad y sensibilidad al monitorear cambios en el contenido de humedad en suelos compactados.

Studies on Controlling Variables of the Conveying Unit of a Power Tiller Operated Groundnut Digger

A power tiller operated groundnut digger was designed and developed in the Dept. of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, CAET, OUAT, Bhubaneswar during 2021–22. The objective of this project was to optimize the operational parameters of the digger's conveying unit using the RSM technique. The study analysed the effects of soil moisture content and conveyor speed, on the conveying efficiency and soil separation efficiency with two different types of peg geometries. The central composite rotatable design (CCRD) method with a quadratic model was utilized to correlate the independent parameters with the conveying and soil separation efficiencies. The results indicated that variations in soil moisture content and conveyor speed had a significant impact on the conveying and soil separation efficiencies. The optimum parameters for the conveying unit of a power tiller operated groundnut digger were found to be a soil moisture range of 9.0-12.0%, a conveyor speed of 1.0 m/s and straight shank with bending tip pegs, resulting in a conveying efficiency and soil separation efficiency of 89.45% and 71.45%, respectively.

Моделирование процесса приема собственного радиотеплового излучения земной поверхности

The receiving model of the own soil radiothermal radiation by a bipolarized microwave radiometer when remote sensing the soil moisture from an unmanned aerial vehicle on low altitude is considered. The simulation is carried out taking into account the receiving antenna pattern with side lobes. The height, speed of the carrier and the main lobe axis angle are taken into account. The main parameters of the microwave radiometer for remote determination of portraits of moistened soils are given. The Earth's surface is modeled by a two-dimensional distribution function of the soil permittivity on the thickness of the near-surface layer and a deeper layer with a different permittivity value. The two-dimensional permittivity distribution function represents as "checkerboard" with a periodic change in the permittivity of the soil by "cells". Both the proper radiothermal radiation of the soil and the relict sky radiation of the celestial sphere, re-reflected by the earth's surface, are taken into account. The perspective of using the simulation results to optimize the parameters of the radiometer and remote sensing system according to the criterion of maximum sensitivity of the system to variations in soil moisture content is analyzed.

Thermophysical Properties and Elemental Composition of Black Locust, Poplar and Willow Biomass

Biomass is currently the main renewable energy source (RES) in the EU, particularly in Poland. Solid biomass for energy purposes is primarily sourced from forests, the wood processing industry, and agriculture. A significant source of this energy feedstock could also be short-rotation woody crops (SRWCs), including black locust, poplar, and willow. Since numerous factors determine the SRWC biomass quality, the current study aimed at assessing biomass thermophysical properties and elemental composition depending on the plant species, soil enrichment procedure, and the plant harvest rotation over a consecutive 12-year period of cultivation. The characteristics under study, including the moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, higher heating value (HHV), and the carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and chlorine contents, were significantly differentiated by all the main factors, i.e., the SRWC species, the soil enrichment procedure, the harvest rotation, and the interactions between these factors. The SRWC species accounted for the highest percentage of the variation in the biomass moisture content, ash content, HHV, and nitrogen content, while the harvest rotation made the largest contribution to the variation in carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine contents. The black locust biomass was characterized by the significantly lowest moisture content (an average of 38.89%) and the highest sulfur content (an average of 0.033% DM), nitrogen content (an average of 0.91% DM), and chlorine content (an average of 0.032% DM). However, poplar was characterized by the highest HHV (an average of 19.84 GJ Mg−1 DM) and the highest moisture content (56.52% DM), carbon content (56.52% DM), and ash content (an average of 1.67% DM). Willow was characterized by the lowest ash content (an average of 1.67% DM), a medium moisture content, and the lowest nitrogen content (an average of 0.38% DM) and chlorine content (an average of 0.19% DM).

CHARACTERIZATION OF BY-PRODUCTS WITH HIGH FAT CONTENT DERIVED FROM THE PRODUCTION OF BOVINE GELATIN

Background: Gelatin is a protein obtained by partial hydrolysis of collagen contained in skins, connective tissue and/or animal bones, which are by-products of the meat industry. The main raw material to produce bovine gelatin is the dermis of the skin, but there is a variation in fat and moisture content depending on the bovine skin origin. As a contribution to the circular economy and sustainability, these by-products with high fat content and the fat released from them during the gelatin production process can be managed for food industries, mainly in the development or formulation of animal feed. Methods: For the initial physicochemical characterization, moisture, fat, protein and ashes content were determined. Once the by-products with high fat content were identified, alteration parameters such as acidity, peroxide and saponification indexes were evaluated. Additionally, thermal, rheological and fatty acid composition characterization was carried out in order to study the possible applications of the by-products. Results and Discussion: The results showed that some of the by-products presented fat content values lower than 15.0%, so the viability of their use is limited. On the other hand, some by-products have more than 30% fat content, however, they can only be removed manually, and the efficiency of this process is low. By-products removed from the supernatant in the extractors presented 99.9 and 98.9% of fat, and there is the possibility of conditioning a mechanical method for their extraction. The determination of alteration and oxidation parameters, thermal and rheological characterization, fatty acid profile and solid fat content were carried out only on these by-products. According to the characterization, these by-products could be valued and used in the formulation of animal feed, however, they present some limitations for some applications such as biodiesel production or food industry.

Even Samples from the Same Waterlogged Wood Are Hygroscopically and Chemically Different by Simultaneous DVS and 2D COS-IR Spectroscopy

Waterlogged archaeological wood samples may degrade during long-term immersion in microbial-activity environments, which causes its biodegradation. Simultaneous dynamic vapor sorption (SDVS) and two-dimensional correlation infrared (2D COS-IR) spectroscopy reveal the degradation inhomogeneity of waterlogged fir wood from the Shengbeiyu shipwreck. The waterlogged and reference wood exhibit type II sorption isotherms. The equilibrium moisture contents of waterlogged archaeological fir wood from a decay region (WFD) were 22.5% higher than those of waterlogged archaeological fir wood from a sound region (WFS). WFD exhibits a higher measurable sorption hysteresis than WFS, implying greater variation in the surface moisture content in the WFD region compared to the WFS region, which may compromise the dimensional stability of the shipwreck. 2D COS-IR spectra confirmed the inhomogeneous degradation of the waterlogged wood via numerous mechanisms. The efficacy of SDVS and 2D COS-IR spectroscopy in the evaluation of the degradation state of waterlogged wood was demonstrated. This study verifies the existence of hygroscopic and chemical differences between visually similar samples from the same shipwreck.