Variations In Blood Volume Research Articles

The effect of blood volume variations on the pulse rate in supine and upright positions and during exercise.

AbstractGullbringB., A. Holmgren, T. Sjöstrandand T. Strandell.The effect of blood volume variations on the pulse rate in supim and upright positions and during txercice.The effect of bleeding of about 10 per cent of the blood volume and reinfusion of this quantity of blood seven days later was studied in six male subjects. The study includes determination of the pulse rate at rest in supine and upright positions and during exercise on a bicycle ergometer. The physical working capacity (PWC170) was computed from the pulse rates during work. The pulse rate in upright position and during exercise increases and PWC170decreases immediately after the bleeding. During the next few days PWC170increases and the pulse rate in upright position and during exercise decreases, while the pulse rate in supine position appeared to increase. On the sixth day PWC170was found to be higher and the pulse rate in supine and upright positions and during exercise to be lower than before the bleeding. Reinfusion of the blood seemed to produce a further moderate increase in PWC170. The decrease in PWC170after the bleeding corresponded, on the whole, to the average relation in different individuals between PWC170and the total amount of hemoglobin. The respiratory rate during exercise increased after the bleeding and also showed the same tendency as the pulse rate did during exercise and in upright position during the next few days.

Biochemical studies on insect haemolymph—I. Variations in reducing power with age and the effect of diet

The variation with age of eight reducing values of the haemolymph of Schistocerca gregaria was determined both for locusts reared entirely on grass and for those reared on an artificial diet to which a very small quantity of grass had been added. Random variation in results found in the former group was considerably reduced by the use of artificial diet, although in each case the normal patterns of variation with age were quite clear. Measurements of the specific gravity of the haemolymph of S. gregaria, together with Lee's values for the variation in blood volume with age, and the above reducing values, have enabled a calculation to be made of the variation with age of the total amounts of various reducing materials present in locust haemolymph. In particular, a very considerable increase in the trehalose content and a much smaller increase in glucose were shown to occur during the fifth instar.

THE EFFECT OF VAGOTOMY AND DENERVATION OF THE CAROTID SINUS ON DIURESIS FOLLOWING PLASMA VOLUME EXPANSION

The hypothesis exists that afferent vagal fibers, arising in cardiac atrial stretch receptors, serve as the sensory limb of a reflex mechanism sensitive to variations in blood volume and producing corresponding changes in urine flow. Section of the vagi did not, however, prevent the diuretic and chloruretic response to expansion of the plasma volume with isotonic infusions. Carotid sinus denervation alone or combined with vagotomy also failed to prevent the diuresis and chloruresis following infusion in most experiments, although in a few cases the response was absent or diminished after the combined procedure. Reasons are given for believing that the bovine albumin infusion used did not act directly on the kidney to increase urine output, but rather through a reflex mechanism which could not have depended on the integrity of the vagi. It is concluded that receptors additional to those in the cardiac atria and the carotid sinus must contribute to the sensory component of a reflex mechanism regulating plasma volume.

THE EFFECT OF VAGOTOMY AND DENERVATION OF THE CAROTID SINUS ON DIURESIS FOLLOWING PLASMA VOLUME EXPANSION

The hypothesis exists that afferent vagal fibers, arising in cardiac atrial stretch receptors, serve as the sensory limb of a reflex mechanism sensitive to variations in blood volume and producing corresponding changes in urine flow. Section of the vagi did not, however, prevent the diuretic and chloruretic response to expansion of the plasma volume with isotonic infusions. Carotid sinus denervation alone or combined with vagotomy also failed to prevent the diuresis and chloruresis following infusion in most experiments, although in a few cases the response was absent or diminished after the combined procedure. Reasons are given for believing that the bovine albumin infusion used did not act directly on the kidney to increase urine output, but rather through a reflex mechanism which could not have depended on the integrity of the vagi. It is concluded that receptors additional to those in the cardiac atria and the carotid sinus must contribute to the sensory component of a reflex mechanism regulating plasma volume.

Variations in blood volume at 1.85 km altitude.

ARTICLESVariations in Blood Volume at 1.85 Km AltitudeMeliha TerzioĞlu, and Naib TunaMeliha TerzioĞlu, and Naib TunaPublished Online:01 Jan 1954https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1954.6.7.417MoreSectionsPDF (854 KB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited ByRegulation of blood volume in lowlanders exposed to high altitudeChristoph Siebenmann, Paul Robach, and Carsten Lundby26 October 2017 | Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 123, No. 4Progressive and biphasic cardiac responses during extreme mountain ultramarathonClaire Maufrais, Grégoire P. Millet, Iris Schuster, Thomas Rupp, and Stéphane Nottin15 May 2016 | American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, Vol. 310, No. 10 More from this issue > Volume 6Issue 7January 1954Pages 417-422 https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1954.6.7.417PubMed13117774History Published online 1 January 1954 Published in print 1 January 1954 Metrics

Blood volume variation during labor and early puerperium

In recent years much interest has centered on the apparent discrepancy between visible and calculated blood loss following delivery.1–5 These authors are in close agreement that the whole blood loss as determined by several different methods exceeds by far the estimated or measured visible blood loss at the time of delivery. In none of these previous investigations has an attempt been made to measure blood volume changes during the course of labor and the early puerperium.In this investigation, an attempt has been made to determine the plasma volume variation in normal patients during this particular time interval.

The red cell volume of the maternal and foetal vessels of the guinea pig placenta.

Summary.Circulating red cell and blood volume determinations with red blood corpuscles labelled with 32P were carried out on nine guinea pigs in the second half of pregnancy. The variations n‐ere less pronounced when the volumes were correlated to maternal weight, i. e. total body weight minus the weight of the products of conception, but the series is too small to allow an analysis of the blood volume variations during pregnancy.In the same experiments the erythrocyte content of the maternal vessels of the placenta was determined on a total of 25 placentae. A steady increase of the blood cell content per unit weight during pregnancy was found, which is in agreement with morphological findings. The blood volumes, calculated from the cell volumes with the use of the arterial hematocrit, ranged from 9 to 30 % of the wet weight of the placenta. In a 57 days pregnant animal the four placentae contained 10.8 % of the total blood volume and in another close to term the three placentae held 10.7 % of the body blood volume.The content of blood in the foetal vessels of the guinea pig placenta was determined on another series, comprising 12 placentae in four animals in the last week of pregnancy; it was found to be equal to the amount of blood on the maternal side. The red cell volume was higher on the foetal side owing to the higher foetal hematocrit. The placentae contained 11–18 % of the total foetal blood, and 55–69 % of the foetal blood was passing through the placenta per minute.Present address: Harsdorffsvej 6 A, Copenhagen V, Denmark.

Modification of effect of cerebral blood flow on cerebrospinal fluid pressure by variations in craniospinal blood volume.

CHANGES in cerebral blood flow induce changes in the cerebrospinal fluid pressure in the same direction.1This report presents evidence that changes in craniospinal blood volume modify the extent of this effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS The types of patients studied and the methods of continuously recording the several pressures of interest have been described.2The patients included in this report were all those who had pressure-volume curves determined3and had satisfactory recordings of the pressures. OBSERVATIONS We have shown from the drug responses that variations in cerebrospinal fluid pressure associated with variations in pressure are due not to changes in or systemic venous pressure but to concomitant changes in cerebral blood flow.1The fluid pulses associated with systole and diastole, the arterial pulses, are due, therefore, to pulsatile changes in flow rather than to the measured variations in pressure. It has been

THE EFFECT OF ATELECTASIS ON THE PULMONARY BLOOD VOLUME

Heretofore, the methods used for measuring the effect of various types of atelectasis on the pulmonary circulation have been too indirect to justify positive assurance as to the actual quantitative variations in blood volume that occur in a lung as a result of pneumothorax or bronchial obstruction. The evidence available is adequately reviewed in the recent exhaustive article by Coryllos and Birnbaum.¹In support of the ischemic effect of obstruction atelectasis, these authors offer further evidence by perfusion experiments of the lungs with india ink. Microscopic examination of the atelectatic lung, with the interalveolar capillaries rendered visible by this method, shows by comparison with the normal lung a marked decrease in the number of capillaries per unit of parenchyma. From this they conclude that the blood content per alveolar sac and, therefore, for the whole lung is less than for a normal lung. With Bruns,²who used a