Belief Variables Research Articles

Seeking a Philosophical Basis for Trait Psychology.

I summarize an early effort to provide a conceptual basis for psychology. Natural science studies material objects, and its methods and assumptions may not be appropriate for the study of persons. Persons exist within the natural attitude and are characterized by such properties as temporality, responsibility, normality, and identity. Contemporary theories of mind focus on people's understanding of how minds make decisions and shape behavior, but say little about the nature of the entity that possesses a mind; ethnopsychologies are concerned with cultural variations in beliefs about accidental rather than essential aspects of human psychology. The lay philosophical view of the person sketched here is intended to be broader and deeper. It is particularly relevant to trait psychology, appears to have been implicit in much trait research, and is generally consistent with empirical findings on personality traits.

Perceived Benefits, Perceived Barriers and Self-Efficacy Towards Weight Reduction Among Overweight and Obese Children in Kedah, Malaysia

The objective of this study was to identify the psychological factors (perceived barriers to, perceived benefits of, and perceived self-efficacy toward weight reduction) associated with body mass index (BMI) among overweight (OW) and obese children. A cross-sectional survey was carried out among primary school children in Kedah, Malaysia. A multistage randomised cluster sampling technique was used in this study. The socio-demographic data were collected from the parents, and the researchers took anthropometric measurements of the children. A set of validated instruments were used to assess perceived benefits of weight reduction, perceived barriers to weight reduction, perceived self-efficacy in dietary practice and perceived self-efficacy in exercise among the participants. Data were analysed by using SPSS software for Windows Version 25.0. A total of 398 OW and obese children aged 10 and 11 years old (221 boys and 177 girls) were recruited. Based on the socio-demographic data, the father’s educational level was found to be significantly associated with the child’s body mass index (BMI) (2 = 7.873, p = 0.049). There were no significant differences in mean scores for perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and perceived self-efficacy in dietary practice and exercise between the OW and obese groups (p>0.05). However, perceived self-efficacy in exercise was significantly associated with BMI among OW and obese children (p<0.05). Health perceptions and beliefs variables are important and should be included in any future weight management programme among OW and obese children.

Decomposing trait and state variability in general and specific subjective task value beliefs

Expectancy-value researchers have theorized about the extent to which subjective task value components are more trait-like or more state-like. Using a bifactor representation of subjective task value data, the current study aimed to examine the degree of trait-state variation in general subjective task value, specific attainment value, specific intrinsic value, and specific utility value. The relations of both between and within components of the subjective task value constructs with academic self-efficacy beliefs were also examined. Results indicate that, in an undergraduate life science learning context (n = 169), the general subjective task value factor was the most trait-like of the subjective task value constructs. With respect to specific value beliefs, attainment value was composed of nearly equal amounts of trait and state variation, intrinsic value was composed of the largest amount of trait variation, and utility value exhibited the most state-like variation. Additionally, findings suggest that trait-like and state-like general subjective task value, trait-like specific intrinsic value, and state-like attainment value were positively associated with self-efficacy. Finally, we propose a model of trait- state dynamics in subjective task value.

EXAMINING WORK ETHIC ACROSS LATAM POPULATIONS: DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ECUADORIAN AND CHILEAN WORKERS

As the volume of trade within South America increases, understanding the cultural differences between countries will become increasingly important for managers to develop good human resource practices. An important issue that has been little studied to date is the variation in beliefs and work ethic values across borders. The objectives of this study were: to analyze the differences in the Protestant Work Ethic (PWE) values between Ecuador and Chile; and evidence the dimensionality and factorial invariance of a short version of the most used scale to measure the work ethics construct "Multidimensional Profile of Work Ethics" in two South American populations. The original 65-item scale was applied to 530 people (N Ecuadorians = 402; N Chileans =128). Reliability was good and we conclude that there is configural invariance, metric invariance, and partial scalar invariance for the MWEP values. In addition, it was observed that it is possible to reduce the original scale to a scale with only 28 items, keeping the seven dimensions of the original scale. Regarding the differences in PWE, it was found that Ecuadorians and Chileans workers differ in self-reliance, leisure, delayed gratification and wasted time

HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN, PERSEPSI, DAN KEYAKINAN DENGAN PENERIMAAN VAKSIN COVID-19 PADA MASYARAKAT DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS DANA TAHUN 2022

To cope with the covid-19 pandemic, authorities have devised strategies to protect communities from the contagion and effects of covid-19. One is the covid19 vaccine program given to society. The covid-19 vaccination is supposed to reduce or damage the chain of contagion, Lower morbidity and mortality and can gain herd participation in community groups. This study aims to find out the relation of knowledge, perception and belief with the acceptance of the covid-19 vaccine on people in the 2022 labor district of the Treasury. This study USES an analtic quantitative study with a sectional study approach. The population in this study is all the people that live in the workspace of the Dana center. The sample in this study totaled 333 ages 12-59. Selection of samples is made using a random sampling cluster. The analysis used was the variate union and Bivariate with chi square test. Research shows that there is no link between knowledge (0.877 > 0.05) And perception (1,000 > 0.05) with acceptance of the covid-19 vaccine. Instead there is a confident relationship (0.013 < 0.05) with the acceptance of the covid-19 vaccine. The conclusion in this study of variable knowledge and perception is no correlation and belief variable has nothing to do with receiving the covid-19 vaccine on people in the labor district of the Treasury in 2022.

Obstacles to Acquire Modern Medical Institutional Facility with Special Reference to Maternal Health Care among Tribals of South Bastar in Chhattisgarh

Introduction: The Maternal Mortality Ratio of Chhattisgarh is 269 (SRS 2010-11) which are higher than the National average (178). If we analyze the state wise data of MMR we found that Chhattisgarh is fourth in position amongst all states of India. Maternal and child health care is an important aspect of health seeking behaviour which is largely neglected among the tribal groups (Basu et al., 1990). It has been seen that inspite of a lot of government incentive programmes for women health care and development, some obstacles create obstruction to acquire modern medical institutional facilities. It is a burning concern for the development because the problems of tribal women differ from a particular area to another area owing to their geographical location, historical background and the processes of social change (Chauhan, A., 1990). Objectives: The study concerned with the objective of understanding the gap between government modern health facilities and tribal women with special reference to maternal health care. Study Area: For the study purpose tribal dominating villages of south Bastar, Chhattisgarh was selected. Chhattisgarh is known as 10th largest state of India where Bastar is known as its rich and uniqueness of bio-cultural diversity in the whole world. Methodology: Random sampling technique was the key instrument for selecting sample as well as Snowball sampling is also used to identify a few households where maternal and infant related problems occurred through some key informants in the village and ask each of them to identify households where maternal problems have occurred. Questionnaire on different variables of knowledge, attitudes, belief and opinion about government health institution were organised by direct interview. Along with above semi participatory observation was strength for the data collection. Result: The findings stated that the acceptance of modern institutional health facilities is poor amongst tribal people. In addition, a lot of females suffered from ill health due to pregnancy and childbirth in the absence of a well defined concept of health consciousness. Conclusion: The health problems of mothers arise as a result of synergistic effects of malnutrition, poverty, illiteracy, unhygienic living conditions, infections and unregulated fertility. Apart from that superstitious beliefs play an essential obstruction to acquire modern medical facilities. At the same time, poor infrastructure and ineffective public health services is also responsible for low inadequate obstetric care. Keywords: Maternal mortality; Seeking behavior; Modern medical institutional; Tribal women; Superstitious beliefs.

Demonic and Divine Attributions around COVID-19 Vaccines: Links with Vaccine Attitudes and Behaviors, QAnon and Conspiracy Beliefs, Anger, Spiritual Struggles, Religious and Political Variables, and Supernatural and Apocalyptic Beliefs

Given the prevalence of supernatural beliefs in the United States, some people may believe that God or the devil influenced people to create or receive COVID-19 vaccines. In an Internet sample of 3196 U.S. adults (with many preregistered hypotheses), divine vaccine attributions were more common than demonic attributions. Demonic vaccine attributions were linked with more anti-vaccination attitudes and lower odds of vaccination, whereas divine attributions showed the opposite pattern. Demonic (but not divine) attributions showed consistent positive connections with conspiracy beliefs (including QAnon), anger toward people and organizations seen as pro-vaccine, and seeing one’s political opponents as enemies and as evil. Demonic attributions were also linked with more anxiety, depression, and spiritual struggle, and lower agreeableness and social desirability. Both demonic and divine attributions related positively to political conservatism, religious fundamentalism, Christian nationalism, authoritarian aggression, and traditional masculinity beliefs. Demonic (but not divine) attributions were also associated with being younger and having less education. Both demonic and divine vaccine attributions correlated positively with religiousness, belief in God and the devil, and seeing these entities as powerful, able to work through natural events, and intervening often in the world. Demonic and divine attributions also related positively to belief in heaven and hell, seeing many people as destined for hell, seeing life as a cosmic battle between good and evil, and apocalyptic or “end times” beliefs.

Investigation of the Relationship between University Students' Health Belief Model Levels Regarding Sports Recreational Activities and Leisure Attitudes

Concerns of today's health-related individuals have increased, especially in the last three years. With the changes in the field of education, it is aimed to examine the relationship between university students' health beliefs and attitudes. The population of the research consisted of students between the ages of 18-25 studying at the Faculty of Sport Sciences of Hitit University, and the sample was 461 students. Ertüzün et al. (2013) "Health Belief Model Scale Regarding Sportive Recreation Activities" and "Leisure Time Attitude Scale" which was validated and reliable by Akgül and Gürbüz (2011). In the research findings, the most effective factor on leisure attitudes, which is defined as the U1 canonical variable, was determined as affective sub-dimension, and the most effective factor in the V1 canonical variable, which was defined as the health belief variable, was determined as perceived seriousness and psychosocial sub-dimension. When the canonical correlation values are examined, the correlation value of U1 variable set and V1 variable set was .71, and the correlation value for U2 variable set and V2 variable set was .34, and it was concluded that the relationship was statistically significant. As a result, it has been determined that university students' leisure attitudes affect their beliefs about their health. Keywords: Recreation, Health belief, Attitude, Leisure

The leashing behavior of dog owners in different types of natural areas

ABSTRACT Encouraging compliance with dog leashing regulations in natural areas is a priority for land managers seeking to protect wildlife. We surveyed residents of Victoria, Australia, to document self-reported leashing behavior by dog owners in different habitat types, exploring demographic, attitudinal, and belief variables as predictors of compliance. We found support for leashing regulations among dog owners (n = 313) and those without dogs (n = 711), but generally low reported compliance by owners. Social norms about leashing predicted leashing at all areas, and habits (i.e., leashing where leashing was not regulated) predicted compliance with regulations. Older age and beliefs about wildlife protection predicted compliance in water-based areas (e.g., beaches, wetlands) and beliefs that off-leash roaming is beneficial to dogs predicted compliance in other natural areas (e.g., hiking trails). Exploring these context-based differences allows managers to identify and understand target groups to design tailored messaging and other behavior change interventions.

COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and its determinants: A cross-sectional study among the socioeconomically disadvantaged communities living in Delhi, India

BackgroundVaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the most desired solution to combat COVID-19. We examined the willingness to accept the vaccine and reasons for vaccine hesitancy, and identified some factors associated with the vaccine hesitancy among the socio-economically disadvantaged urban population from Delhi, India. MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey of a randomly selected sample of 1539 households from 31 urban clusters. Data on socio-demographics, health beliefs, and willingness to accept the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine were collected through a face-to-face interviewer-administered, pre-tested questionnaire from an adult member. Vaccine acceptance/hesitancy was analysed by various socio-demographic and health belief variables. Multinomial regressions were carried out to identify the factors associated with the vaccine hesitancy. ResultsOverall, 64.9% (95% CI: 62.5 to 67.3) of the respondents would accept the vaccine, 17.4% (95% CI: 15.6 to 19.4) were undecided, and 17.7% (95% CI: 15.8 to 19.7) would not accept the vaccine. The reasons for not accepting the vaccine were: belief that they had immunity (12.9%), the corona was a hoax (11.8%), the vaccine was not necessary (7.4%), and did not want to disturb the natural bodily systems by the vaccine (5.6%). The undecided group mainly would like to wait and see (37.7%), decide when the vaccine become available (11.6%), will take if everyone in their community takes (10.4%). Multinomial logistic regression identified older age, low perceived susceptibility of contracting COVID-19, low perceived severity of COVID-19, low self-efficacy to protect against COVID-19, and unawareness and non-use of Arogyasetu App as significant predictors of vaccine hesitancy. ConclusionsTwo-thirds of Delhi’s low-income groups would accept the vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccine hesitancy was associated with older age, low perceived susceptibility, low perceived severity, and low self-efficacy to protect themselves from COVID-19. Hence, efforts are needed to address these issues and vaccine concerns to increase the vaccine uptake.

A comparative study of recreational screen time in neurodevelopmental disorders

Digital screen time has been largely studied in children populations, but few have focused on children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Our main objective was to study the characteristics of use of recreational screens (television (TV) and video games), in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. We conducted a case-control study in which children with neurodevelopmental disorders under the age of 6 were compared with controls of the same age range. We analysed TV and video game exposure through a designed questionnaire for parents that included daily time exposure, sociodemographic characteristics, home media environment, sociocultural habits, attitudes and beliefs about TV. Sixty-one individuals with developmental and 153 controls were enrolled. Children with developmental problems spend more time watching TV than controls (124,4 ± 83,4 vs 71,5 ± 47,4 min / day p <0,001), while video game time was similar in both groups (37,6 ± 39, 6 vs 31,7 ± 32,6 min / day p = 0,138). Children with neurodevelopmental disorders began earlier to watch TV than controls. There were no relevant differences between groups in demographics, Sociocultural, environmental and attitudinal and belief variables. Children with neurodevelopmental disorders start watching TV at an earlier age and consume more screen time than healthy children. Our findings indicate that Children with neurodevelopmental disorders are more vulnerable to screen abuse, and stress the importance to offer anticipatory guidance to their parents.

Effectiveness of psychodrama on changing metacognitive beliefs and emotional schemas in women with breast cancer

The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of psychodrama on changing metacognitive beliefs and emotional schemas in women with breast cancer. The research design was a quasi-experimental study with a control group pretest-posttest design. The statistical population included patients with breast cancer who were under therapy in Mazandaran province, among whom 50 patients with inclusion criteria were selected by available sampling and randomly assigned to control and intervention groups: 25 people in the control group and 25 ones in the experimental group. In this method, covariance was used to control the disturbing variables and determine the effectiveness of the therapy. In addition, 50 people were selected voluntarily to choose samples from the study population who were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The research instruments consisted of Leahy Emotional Schema Scale (LESS) and the Metacognitive Cognition Questionnaire (MCQ-30). The drama therapy protocol was performed in 16 sessions. The collected data were analyzed by covariance test. Examining the analysis results indicated that the difference between the experimental and control groups in the metacognitive beliefs variables and emotional schemas is significant. As found, psychodrama changes metacognitive beliefs in individuals through reinterpreting new phenomena and attitudes.

Health beliefs and (timely) use of facility-based care for under-five children: lessons from the qualitative component of Nigeria\u2019s 2019 VASA

BackgroundNigeria’s under-five health outcomes have improved over the years, but the mortality rates remain unacceptably high. The qualitative component of Nigeria’s 2019 verbal and social autopsy (VASA) showed that caregivers’ health beliefs about causes of illnesses and efficacious treatment options contribute to non-use/delay in use of facility-based healthcare for under-five children. This study explored how these health beliefs vary across zones and how they shape how caregivers seek healthcare for their under-five children.MethodsData for this study come from the qualitative component of the 2019 Nigeria VASA, comprising 69 interviews with caregivers of under-five children who died in the five-year period preceding the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS); and 24 key informants and 48 focus group discussions (FGDs) in 12 states, two from each of the six geo-political zones. The transcripts were coded using predetermined themes on health beliefs from the 2019 VASA (qualitative component) using NVivo.ResultsThe study documented zonal variation in belief in traditional medicine, biomedicine, spiritual causation of illnesses, syncretism, and fatalism, with greater prevalence of beliefs discouraging use of facility-based healthcare in the southern zones. Driven by these beliefs and factors such as availability, affordability, and access to and perceived quality of care in health facilities, caregivers often choose one or a combination of traditional medicines, care from medicine vendors, and faith healing. Most use facility-based care as the last option when other methods fail.ConclusionCaregivers’ health beliefs vary by zones, and these beliefs influence when and whether they will use facility-based healthcare services for their under-five children. In Nigeria’s northern zones, health beliefs are less likely to deter caregivers from using facility-based healthcare services, but they face other barriers to accessing facility-based care. Interventions seeking to reduce under-five deaths in Nigeria need to consider subnational differences in caregivers’ health beliefs and the healthcare options they choose based on those beliefs.

Likely uptake of a future lung cancer screening programme in Hodgkin lymphoma survivors: a questionnaire study

BackgroundMany Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survivors are at increased risk of subsequent malignant neoplasms (SMN), including lung cancer, due to previous treatment for HL. Lung cancer screening (LCS) detects early-stage lung cancers in ever smokers but HL survivors without a heavy smoking history are ineligible for screening. There is a rationale to develop a targeted LCS. The aim of this study was to investigate levels of willingness to undergo LCS in HL survivors, and to identify the psycho-social factors associated with screening hesitancy.MethodsA postal questionnaire was sent to 281 HL survivors registered in a long-term follow-up database and at increased risk of SMNs. Demographic, lung cancer risk factors, psycho-social and LCS belief variables were measured. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the factors associated with lung cancer screening hesitancy, defined as those who would ‘probably’ or ‘probably not’ participate.ResultsThe response rate to the questionnaire was 58% (n = 165). Participants were more likely to be female, older and living in a less deprived area than non-participants. Uptake (at any time) of breast and bowel cancer screening among those previously invited was 99% and 77% respectively. 159 participants were at excess risk of lung cancer. The following results refer to these 159. Around half perceived themselves to be at greater risk of lung cancer than their peers. Only 6% were eligible for lung cancer screening pilots aimed at ever smokers in the UK. 98% indicated they would probably or definitely participate in LCS were it available. Psycho-social variables associated with LCS hesitancy on multivariable analysis were male gender (OR 5.94 CI 1.64–21.44, p < 0.01), living in an area with a high index of multiple deprivation decile (deciles 6–10) (OR 8.22 CI 1.59–42.58, p < 0.05) and lower levels of self-efficacy (OR 1.64 CI 1.30–2.08 p < 0.01).ConclusionHL survivors responding to this survey were willing to participate in a future LCS programme but there was some hesitancy. A future LCS trial for HL survivors should consider the factors associated with screening hesitancy in order to minimise barriers to participation.

Local municipal capacity for climate change action in New York State: Exploring the urban–rural divide

AbstractClimate change is a critical global issue with profound local impacts. Recent scholarship on local government action to address climate change has primarily focused on cities, with less attention paid to how smaller municipalities and rural communities are tackling the issue. Our research investigates how the capacity of urban and rural municipalities in New York State (NYS) affects their ability to take climate action, utilizing data from a statewide survey, interviews, and secondary data on municipal participation in the NYS Climate Smart Communities program. We investigated how municipal capacity (including individual, management, and broader contextual factors) influences climate change action in rural and urban communities. We find that only a quarter of NYS municipalities have taken climate action, and most are mitigation rather than adaptation actions. There is significantly more climate action and municipal climate network participation in urban versus rural communities. Most local municipal officials believe that climate change is occurring and feel the impacts, yet most are unsure about addressing it at the local level. Climate action is best predicted by individual municipal capacity variables of strong climate beliefs and knowledge, and contextual variables of being in an urban municipality versus a rural one, and participation in climate networks. Key barriers to local climate action include the lack of human, financial, and technical resource capacity. Municipal climate networks can help overcome capacity limitations, particularly for resource‐limited rural communities.

Understanding Consumer Acceptance of Smart Washing Machines: How Do Female Consumers’ Occupations Affect the Acceptance Process?

Smart washing machine (SWM) technology is being developed at a rapid pace, but the impact of female consumers’ occupations on the acceptance of SWMs is still relatively unknown. This study aims to investigate the effect of female consumers’ occupations, including full-time housewives and employed females, on their acceptance of SWMs with 11 hypotheses using the extended technology acceptance model (ETAM). The model includes antecedents (i.e., subjective norms and product involvement with washing machines), belief variables (i.e., perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and perceived enjoyment), and acceptance intention. Female users’ occupation was applied as a moderating variable to examine the differences in the acceptance process. Data from 380 South Korean women were analyzed using multi-group structural equation modeling. The results demonstrated that full-time housewives placed greater emphasis on the utilitarian benefits of SWMs, so enhanced convenience and efficiency of laundry played crucial roles in their acceptance process. In contrast, employed females perceived that both the utilitarian and hedonic benefits of SWMs were significant indicating that the technical advances of SWMs and psychological and social pleasure were important in their acceptance process. The results have implications for the home appliance industry to establish optimal marketing and technology development strategies targeting female users with different occupations.

Factors of the COVID-19 Prevention Intention of Nursing Students －Application of the Expanded Health Belief Model

Purpose : This study was carried out to provide basic data for the enhancement of COVID-19 prevention intention by determining the effects of the health belief variables(perceived seriousness, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers), shame, and fear of nursing students on the COVID-19 prevention intention. Methods : Data collection was conducted from November 1 to 30 using an online survey of nursing students at one college institute, and the final 274 survey responses were statistically analyzed using the SPSS program. Results : The research results of the regression analysis that controlled the variables that exhibited statistically significant differences in the general characteristics of the nursing students revealed that perceived benefits, perceived susceptibility, and fear were variables that have statistically significant impact on the COVID-19 prevention intention, and the explanatory power was 41.9%. Conclusion : Therefore, the timely provision of accurate knowledge regarding COVID-19 and information on the social infection situation as well as emphasis of the benefits gained from the preventive behavior of nursing students will necessary when establishing a COVID-19 education program for nursing students.

Generational differences in beliefs about COVID-19 vaccines

Vaccine uptake variation across demographic groups remains a public health barrier to overcome the coronavirus pandemic despite substantial evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against severe illness and death. Generational cohorts differ in their experience with historical and public health events, which may contribute to variation in beliefs about COVID-19 vaccines. Nationally representative longitudinal data (December 20, 2020 to July 23, 2021) from the Understanding America Study (UAS) COVID-19 tracking survey (N = 7279) and multilevel logistic regression were used to investigate whether generational cohorts differ in COVID-19 vaccine beliefs. Regression models adjusted for wave, socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, political affiliation, and trusted source of information about COVID-19. Birth-year cutoffs define the generational cohorts: Silent (1945 and earlier), Boomer (1946–1964), Gen X (1965–1980), Millennial (1981–1996), and Gen Z (1997–2012). Compared to Boomers, Silents had a lower likelihood of believing that COVID-19 vaccines have many known harmful side effects (OR = 0.52, 95%CI = 0.35–0.74) and that they may lead to illness and death (OR = 0.53, 95%CI = 0.37–0.77). Compared to Boomers, Silents had a higher likelihood of believing that the vaccines provide important benefits to society (OR = 2.27, 95%CI = 1.34–3.86) and that they are useful and effective (OR = 1.97, 95%CI = 1.17–3.30). Results for Gen Z are similar to those reported for Silents. Beliefs about COVID-19 vaccines markedly differ across generations. This is consistent with the idea of generational imprinting—the idea that some beliefs may be resistant to change through adulthood. Policy strategies other than vaccine education may be needed to overcome this pandemic and future public health challenges.

PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN PASIEN RAWAT INAP DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM BINA KASIH MEDAN

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of service quality consisting of reliability, responsiveness, assurance, tangible, partial and simultaneous empathy on inpatient satisfaction at Bina Kasih General Hospital Medan. . The purpose of this study is expected to identify the problem of how the influence of service quality on patient satisfaction. This research method uses a sample of 96 respondents, data collection techniques through questionnaires and documentation and data analysis techniques with multiple regression.&#x0D; The results of the study using multiple linear regression equations: KP = 2.641 + 0.103K + 0.131Kt + 0.305Ky + 0.203B + 0.108E. This means that the variables of reliability, responsiveness, confidence, tangibles and empathy have a positive effect on patient satisfaction. The belief variable has a greater influence on inpatient satisfaction compared to other variables. The results of the F test indicate that the variables of reliability, responsiveness, confidence, tangibles and empathy have a simultaneous and significant effect on patient satisfaction, this can be seen from Fcount = 19,027 then H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. The results of the t-test, showed that reliability, responsiveness, confidence, tangibles and empathy had a partial and significant effect on patient satisfaction, then H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. The value of the determinant coefficient (R Square) is = r 0.514, which means that inpatient satisfaction can be explained by service quality variables (reliability, responsiveness, confidence, tangibles and empathy) of 51.4% while another 48.6% is explained by other factors that are not described in this study such as security, promotion and communication.&#x0D; The Bina Kasih Hospital Medan should improve the quality of service regarding the variables of reliability, responsiveness, confidence/guarantee, tangible, empathy in order to maintain the level of patient satisfaction for the future&#x0D;

The Relationship between Public Perception and Obedience with Social Distancing Policies during the COVID-19 Pandemic in DKI Jakarta, Indonesia

The Indonesian Government established a social distancing policy to prevent COVID-19 transmission. However, this implementation will be ineffective without the compliance of the people. This research aimed to analyze the relationship between public perception and obedience with social distancing in terms of the variables based on the Health Belief Model. This study used a cross-sectional design with a population of DKI Jakarta’s indigenes within the productive age of 15-64 years. The sample comprised 408 participants, with the independent variables of socio-demographics (age, gender, occupation, and education) and health beliefs (perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy). Meanwhile, obedience to social distancing was the dependent variable. Data were obtained through an online questionnaire and evaluated with the bivariate and multivariate analysis using Chi-square and logistic regression tests. Gender (OR=2.327; 95% CI=1.404-3.857) and perceived self-efficacy (OR=2.609; 95% CI=1.726-3.945) were significantly related to social distancing obedience. Meanwhile, no statistical correlation (p &gt; 0.05) was found with socio-demographics, perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers. The males with low self-efficacy are more likely to disobey the social distancing policies. The individual’s self-efficacy perception increased with their level of obedience to social distancing policies.