Analysis Of Variance Method Research Articles

Statistical analysis of the vacuum solar collector using the analysis of ‎variance method

Space and weight constraints, as well as the time lag between energy generation and consumption, ‎are major obstacles to expanding solar water heating systems into existing structures with limited ‎space. It is possible to collect heat with this small, evacuated tube collector (ETC). It was found ‎that the air inside the glass tube has poor thermal conductivity. An experimental and numerical ‎study was performed on an evacuated tube solar collector, incorporating a heat tube with ‎cylindrical fins to increase the contact surface between the air and the fin surface. Statistical ‎analysis software is used to verify the results in practice. The temperature data was investigated ‎using SPSS under the same flow conditions. These figures are from experiments examining the ‎effect of variable volumetric flow rate, boost type, and variance analysis on temperature ‎distribution. When analyzing the results of the trials, a significant threshold of 95% was used. ‎Therefore, we compare the calculated significance to a value of 0.05 to evaluate the efficacy and ‎capabilities of the components. The reliability and validity of the model depend on the presence of ‎two components. If the resulting value is less than the significance level (0.05), then the model can ‎be considered robust and efficient (flow rate and optimization type). If the estimated value is ‎greater than that, the variables do not affect system performance. Flow rate and type of ‎enhancement are the two factors considered in the analysis of variance.

Influence of sowing season on some quality indices for soybean

Soybean quality indices, like yield, can be influenced by factors such as climatic conditions, applied technology or biological material. Soybean is a short-day species with moderate temperature requirements, especially during flowering, a critical period for achieving yield and crop quality, air temperature in the range of 17-18°C is considered the biological minimum, while the range of 22-25°C is considered optimal. High temperatures during the flowering period can cause significant yield losses through flower abortion especially when correlated with insufficient humidity. This paper presents summary data obtained in soybean cultivation under the conditions of the Transylvanian Plateau at Agricultural Research and Development Turda on the influence of sowing time on some quality indices. The experiment was realized using the block method in subdivided plots with 3 factors AxBxC on a type soil chernozem, characteristic of the Transylvanian Plateau with chemical description, the soil has a neutral to low alkaline pH, neutral to high humus content, well supplied in nitrogen and potassium, medium supplied in phosphorus. During three experimental years 2021 - 2023 climatic conditions and sowing times influenced differently the protein and fat content of 5 soybean varieties. The results obtained were statistically processed by the analysis of variance method and determination of the least significant difference - LSD - (5%, 1% and 0.1%).

Effect of Paracetamol Biodegradation Products Quantitative Indicators of the Anatomical Structure of the Lily of the Valley Leaf (<i>Convallaria majalis</i> L.)

Introduction. Due to the global pharmaceutical pollution of water bodies in many countries, there is currently an increasing interest of researchers in finding effective, including microbiological, ways of processing pharmaceutical waste to obtain new useful products based on them. The results of previous studies have shown that the product of bacterial destruction of paracetamol exhibits pronounced stimulating properties in relation to medicinal plants of the aster, linseed, clear-flowered, plantain, etc. families. There is no information about the effect of this product on plants of the liliaceae family.Aim. To investigate the effect of the paracetamol biodegradation product on the quantitative indicators of the anatomical structure of the lily of the valley leaf – Convallaria majalis L., fam. Liliaceae.Materials and methods. The experiments were laid in the Kirov region (2021, 2022) in accordance with the Guidelines for Conducting Registration Tests of Growth Regulators (2016). The scheme of the experiment: the control area – natural watering with water; the test area – watering with the product of biodegradation of paracetamol obtained on the basis of the laboratory of alkanotrophic microorganisms of the PFRC UB RAS (Perm); the reference area – watering with the growth stimulator "Zircon" (NRPP "NEST M", Russia). Quantitative parameters of the anatomical structure of the lily of the valley leaf were evaluated by the linear dimensions of the epidermis, elements of the conducting system and mesophyll. Viewing, photographing and processing of photographs was carried out using a microscope Motic (Motic Deutschland GmbH, Germany) in the program Motic Image 2000. Mathematical processing of experimental data was carried out by the method of variance analysis using Excel 2019, STATISTICA 12.6, STATGRAPHICS Plus 5.1 programs.Results and discussion. Anatomical examination showed an increase in the size of the cells of the upper and lower epidermis of the lily of the valley leaf in the designated growing seasons on the accounting sites treated with a product of the biodegradation of paracetamol and a standard ("Zircon") in comparison with the control (water). When using the biodegradation product of paracetamol, an increase in the thickness of the mesophyll by 10–16 % and the number of layers by 14–30 % was recorded. When using the growth stimulator "Zircon", the thickness of the mesophyll and the number of its layers increased by 3–6 % and 8–15 %, respectively. The increase in the thickness of the phloem and xylem of the conductive beam when treated with the paracetamol biodegradation product was 20–30 % greater than in the control, and 2 times greater than when treated with the growth stimulator "Zircon".Conclusion. The product of the biodegradation of paracetamol in different years of use, regardless of environmental factors, shows a pronounced stimulating effect on the lily of the valley of the May, significantly increasing the quantitative indicators of the anatomical structure of the leaf compared with the growth stimulator "Zircon" and control (water). The obtained data can be used in medicinal plant growing in the development of agrotechnical methods for growing raw materials of the lily of the valley of the May, as well as in the formation of a dossier when registering this product as a new plant growth stimulator.

Statistical-experimental modeling of the effect of process parameters on geometric characteristics of laser cladding of stellite 6 on SS316 using second-order regression

Applications of 316 stainless steel can be developed by laser cladding of the Co-based superalloys, which has multiple enhancement properties and creates a small heat affected zone. Quantitive investigation of the effect of process parameters on geometrical features and providing reliable models to achieve the desirable metallurgical bond, minimal structural defects, and predicting the dimensions of the geometry without conducting excessive experimental tests are an important issue. This study evaluate the effects of the main process parameters of laser cladding on geometric characteristics of stellite 6 using the response surface methodology. A quadratic model was developed for each of the geometric characteristics. Laser power, scanning speed, and powder feed rate ranged between 400 and 600 W, 6–10 mm/s and 12–20 gr/min, respectively, were considered as the input variables and height, width, penetration depth and dilution were considered as responses. The experiments were designed using the box-behnken method. The accuracy and fitness of the models were evaluated using analysis of variance method. The results indicated the R2 factors obtained for height, width, penetration depth and dilution are equal to 0.89, 0.98, 0.98 and 0.96 respectively. After obtaining the desirability factor of 0.795, the optimal set of process parameters were selected as laser power of 510 W, scanning speed of 10 mm/s and powder feed rate of 13 gr/min. Verification of the optimization was done by performing experimental test,which maximum 13 % difference between actual values and the predicted values was obtained.

Transcriptional analysis of landmark molecular pathways in lung adenocarcinoma results in a clinically relevant classification with potential therapeutic implications.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a molecularly heterogeneous disease. In addition to genomic alterations, cancer transcriptional profiling can be helpful to tailor cancer treatment and to estimate each patient's outcome. Transcriptional activity levels of 50 molecular pathways were inferred in 4573 LUAD patients using Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) method. Seven LUAD subtypes were defined and independently validated based on the combined behavior of the studied pathways: AD (adenocarcinoma subtype) 1-7. AD1, AD4, and AD5 subtypes were associated with better overall survival. AD1 and AD4 subtypes were enriched in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, whereas AD2 and AD6 showed higher tumor protein p53 (TP53) alteration frequencies. AD2 and AD6 subtypes correlated with higher genome instability, proliferation-related pathway expression, and specific sensitivity to chemotherapy, based on data from LUAD cell lines. LUAD subtypes were able to predict immunotherapy response in addition to CD274 (PD-L1) gene expression and tumor mutational burden (TMB). AD2 and AD4 subtypes were associated with potential resistance and response to immunotherapy, respectively. Thus, analysis of transcriptomic data could improve patient stratification beyond genomics and single biomarkers (i.e., PD-L1 and TMB) and may lay the foundation for more personalized treatment avenues, especially in driver-negative LUAD.

Investigation of the influence of various factors on the wear of rod depth pumps

In the article, the influence of various factors on the wear of rod depth pumps is investigated. The method of variance analysis of mathematical statistics is applied here. The main factors selected are: the diameter of the pump, the percentage of sand, the amount of water, the amount of oil, the lifting height of the liquid. The task of the study is to find the degree of influence of the selected factors, while it is assumed that the pump supply coefficient decreases only to 0.6. In this case, the main values are in the following numbers of levels: pump diameter, mm; 32; 43; 44; 56; 70; percentage of sand, %; 0.1; 0.2; 0.3; 0.4; 0.5; 0.6; 0.7; 0.8; 0.9; 1; the amount of water, m3/day; 10; 20; 30; 40; 50; the amount of oil, m3/day 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2; 2.5; 3; 3.5; 4; 4.5; 5; liquid lifting height, m; 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 m. In the article, the variable X=Snt, its average value and the concepts of variances are explained. Various numbers of degrees of freedom are presented. Here the smallest value is 8 and the largest value is 81. Table 2 presents the variability abilities, the number of degrees of freedom, the sum of squares and the variance estimation. Here, the largest variance value is 0.560 and the smallest was 0.065. The exact value of the residual mean squares was 0.084. In the case of, the amou interactions of all the analyzed factors, the amount of water in the product, its lifting heightnt of water and the diameter of the pump matter.

The vertical electrical sounding (VES) of the epikarst: A case study of the covered karst of the Bakony region (Hungary)

The epikarsts of five covered karst areas in the Bakony region are compared. The comparison is based on the specific resistances of the bedrock resistance averages measured by vertical electrical sounding (VES). The average largest specific resistance differences (per area) and the mean values (per profile) were calculated to investigate the characteristics of the epikarst. The mean values of specific resistance were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine whether the specific resistances of the areas showed significant differences. The studied karst areas can be categorised as high or low specific resistance areas, and the ANOVA method could be applied to three areas based on the available data. It can be concluded that the mean values of their specific resistances are significantly different. The mean values and standard deviation of the specific resistances of the different areas were analysed. It is described that the karst receives less water in the case of areas with lower specific resistance, while it receives more water in the case of areas with higher specific resistance. Areas with a high specific resistance are less karstified, while areas with a low specific resistance are more karstified. Low specific resistances and small mean values indicate a higher degree of cavity formation in the epikarst, while the decrease in mean values and standard deviation indicates increasing uniformity of the degree of cavity formation in the epikarst. The different degree of cavity formation is explained by the different karstification rates and the exposure of different time of certain areas.

Effect of Applying Boron, Zinc, and Manganese Foliarly on the Yield Attributes and Yield of the Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Cultivar Kufri Chipsona-1 in the Gwalior Climate

The current study was conducted during Rabi 2018–19 at the All India Coordinated Research Project on Potato, which was located in the Department of Horticulture at Rajmata Vijyaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalya, Gwalior (M.P.). The purpose of the experiment was to determine how different foliar treatment concentrations of boron, zinc, and manganese affected the production characteristics and yield of the potato variety Kufri Chipsona-1 in Gwalior climate conditions. Eight foliar spray treatments of micronutrients were included in the experiment. Three replications of each of these treatments were arranged in a Randomized Block Design and statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance methods. 'F' test was used to determine treatment significance. The application of zinc, manganese, and boron had a substantial impact on the yield characteristics and yield of potatoes, according to the treatment. In treatment T8 (Boron + Zinc + Manganese), the highest number of tubers (27.67/plant) and weights of tubers (680 g/plant) were noted. It is determined that using boron, zinc, and manganese would increase crop yields in potato farming under the climatic circumstances of Gwalior.

Evaluation of the Depth and Width of Cuts after Controlled-Depth Abrasive Water Jet Machining Using Low Pressure.

The presented paper is focused on the evaluation of material removal during machining via an abrasive water jet with a controlled depth of cut. In the introductory parts of the work, a theoretical analysis of water jet technology and an analysis of the current state of the problem are presented. The experimental part of the work is devoted to testing the effects of technological parameters on material removal from the point of view of the maximum erosion depth and volume loss of material during machining with a low water pressure of 50 MPa. The tested material was a Ti 6Al 4V titanium alloy. The experiments were carried out by changing the traverse speed of the cutting head, the mass flow of the abrasive and the angle of inclination of the cutting head, according to the DoE 33 experiment plan. The obtained values were evaluated using the method of variance (ANOVA) and regression analysis. Furthermore, the values of the width of the erosion track and the maximum and minimum erosion effects for both tested materials were evaluated.

Novel Data-Driven Deep Learning Assisted CVA for Ironmaking System Prediction and Control

Effective control of blast furnace ironmaking system (IS) is crucial to maintain the metallurgical industry in smooth operation. Also, the quality of molten iron (MIQ) can be assessed using indices of phosphorus P, sulfur S, and silicon Si contents, which provide insight into the current state of the molten iron and internal operations of the blast furnace. In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning assisted canonical variate analysis (DLaCVA) method for modeling and predicting MIQ and optimizing IS control. Due to the highly complex physical and chemical reactions within IS, we build a nonlinear state-space model and estimate its state, utilizing DLaCVA. Moreover, we theoretically analyze of how deep learning can aid in state-space modeling, such as deriving the corresponding optimization objective and learning gradient, laying the basis for exploring deep learning in system identification further. Ultimately, we devise a predictive control strategy based on a quadratic performance index to attain optimal MIQ control performance. Experiments utilizing genuine IS data display that DLaCVA outperforms other methods concerning modeling accuracy and control effectiveness.

Abstract LB_C04: Novel orally bioavailable macrocycles that target cyclin A and B elicit antitumor activity in breast cancer patient-derived xenograft models

Abstract Background: Cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) complexes regulate the activity of RB1 and E2F to drive cell cycle progression while ensuring fidelity of DNA replication. The interaction between cyclins and a critical subset of their substrates, including RB1 and E2F, is mediated by a conserved short linear RxL motif. RxL peptides have been shown to inhibit substrate phosphorylation by CDK2/cyclin A (AACR 2022 poster #5379). Previously, we have shown that macrocycles that selectively inhibit RxL-mediated binding to cyclins A and B (RxL inhibitors) lead to growth inhibitory activity in multiple cancer cell lines, and result in tumor regression in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and ovarian cancer xenograft models (AACR 2023 poster #1560). Here, we test the antitumor activity of CID-016 in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models from breast cancer. Methods: Bioinformatic analyses using RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and whole exome sequencing (WES) data from 39 breast cancer cell lines was employed to identify biomarker profiles that associate with sensitivity to CID-016. The antiproliferative activity of CID-016 was assessed by GI50 after 4-8 days of treatment. Hallmark pathway scores were calculated by Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) method using MSigDb Hallmark collection from cell lines and existing PDX models. Based on the calculated hallmark pathway score, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) PDX models were selected to test the anti-tumor activity of CID-016. In vivo, NMRI-Foxn1nu/nu mice were implanted with tumor fragments in the lower flank and treated with vehicle or CID-016 oral formulation of 50-100 mg/kg BID or 100 mg/kg QD, respectively for at least 28 days. Tumor volume and body weight were measured biweekly. Pharmacodynamic (PD) analyses will be conducted after treatment with CID-016. Results: Treatment of the breast cancer cell line panel with CID-016 demonstrated greater potency by GI50 in TNBC compared to other breast cancer cell lines (p=0.009). Gene expression levels of CCNB1, CCNA2, CCNE1 as well as target hallmark scores for “E2F targets”, “G2M checkpoint” and “Mitotic spindle” were significantly higher in TNBC vs other breast cancer cell lines. Oral treatment with CID-016 resulted in tumor regression in at least one triple-negative breast cancer PDX model and was well tolerated with no significant body weight changes. In vivo PD analyses will be assessed after 5 days of treatment with CID-016. Conclusions: The selective cyclin A/B RxL inhibitor CID-016 exhibits potent antitumor activity in TNBC preclinical models, consistent with the proposed mechanism of RB1/E2F pathway dysregulation. Given their compelling characteristics, orally bioavailable RxL inhibitors are advancing as the only first-in-class orally bioavailable dual inhibitors of cyclins A and B into clinical development. Citation Format: Mariana Paes Dias, Li-Fen Liu, Bernard Levin, Cristina Molina, Marta Guzmán, Olga Rodríguez, Evelyn W. Wang, Violeta Serra. Novel orally bioavailable macrocycles that target cyclin A and B elicit antitumor activity in breast cancer patient-derived xenograft models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC Virtual International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2023 Oct 11-15; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2023;22(12 Suppl):Abstract nr LB_C04.

Стан тривожності у військових із різною стресостійкістю

This article analyzes the state of anxiety in military personnel with different levels of stress resistance. It was found that in servicemen with good stress resistance, a week after returning from the battlefield, a low form of situational and personal anxiety prevailed, and with medium stress resistance, high anxiety prevailed. 3 months after returning from combat, among servicemen with good stress resistance, the number of persons with low situational anxiety increased by 12%, and personal anxiety – by 4%, while high anxiety dominated with average stress resistance. High and medium positive correlations were established in persons with good and medium stress resistance and anxiety in the military. The purpose of the work is to assess the state of anxiety in military personnel with different levels of stress resistance. Materials and methods. We tested 637 servicemen who returned from the combat zone. We determined stress resistance using the test method «Stresses and stress resistance», according to which the examinees were asked to answer twenty-three questions, each of which was offered four options for answers. Anxiety (personal and situational) was examined using the Spielberger-Hanin anxiety scale (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory – STAI). The methodology consisted of 40 statements (20 to determine the level of situational anxiety and 20 – personal). The statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out by the methods of variational analysis using the licensed statistical software package «Analyst Soft Stat Plus 6» (license number 11895400) and the «Microsoft Excel» software. Results and discussion. Based on the obtained results, we can talk about the positive and reliable dynamics of reducing the level of anxiety in people with different stress resistance, however, people with good stress resistance experienced a faster and better recovery than military personnel with average stress resistance. This article analyzes the state of anxiety in military personnel with different levels of stress resistance. It was found that in servicemen with good stress resistance, a week after returning from the battlefield, a low form of situational and personal anxiety prevailed, and with medium stress resistance, high anxiety prevailed. 3 months after returning from combat, among servicemen with good stress resistance, the number of persons with low situational anxiety increased by 12%, and personal anxiety – by 4%, while high anxiety dominated with average stress resistance. High and medium positive correlations were established in persons with good and medium stress resistance and anxiety in the military.

Optimization of air-conditioning load for a residential building using Taguchi method

Economic growth has been raised in many countries in recent years, prompting people to seek out human comforts. For human comfort, residential buildings consume a significant amount of energy for air-conditioning systems. Building materials are the most significant factor in deciding the air-conditioning load. In this research work, a typical residential flat model is prepared using AutoCAD software and the building energy simulation is done for this model using hourly analysis program software. The results obtained from the building simulation are optimized using the Taguchi method. For optimizing the air-conditioning load, five influencing factors such as the overall heat transfer coefficient of wall (A), thickness of roof insulation material (B), heat transfer coefficient of window glass (C), bypass factor (D) and cooling coil supply temperature (E) of air-conditioning equipment at three levels are selected. For the experimental tests, an orthogonal L27 arrangement is chosen for experimental trials and in every trial, air-conditioning load of the typical residential flat has been calculated. After that, using Minitab 17 statistical software, the signal-to-noise ratios are obtained for different factors by selecting smaller-is-better option. After studying the response table for Taguchi tests, the optimum levels for all five factors are obtained. The analysis of variance method was also used to identify the main factors affecting the results significantly by finding out the contribution of all five factors in percentage. The results indicated that the most efficient set of all five factors is A1B3C1D2E3 and the most affecting factor is the wall material of the residential flat having a contribution of 91.91%.

Organoleptic, Chemical, and Microbial Characteristics of Extrudate Products from the Synthesis of Shrimp Shell and Milk Bones Waste as a High Source of Protein and Calcium

The high level of shrimp and milkfish commodity waste which is not managed further in the small and medium enterprise industry in East Java can cause various problems, one of which is the aspect of health and environmental pollution. Therefore, innovative efforts are needed to manage this waste by turning it into an extruded snack product. This research will use an experimental study by starting with the synthesis of shrimp shell and bone waste into flour which is then mixed with corn granules and processed using an extruder machine according to the specified formulation (70:30, 50:50, 30:70). After that, the extrudate product will be analyzed in the laboratory to carry out organoleptic tests, chemical tests and microbial tests. The organoleptic test results obtained were then analyzed using the variance analysis method and the Duncan advanced test, while the chemical test and microbial test results were carried out with descriptive analysis by comparing the SNI 01-2886-2015 standard regarding extruded snacks. The results of this research describe the organoleptic, chemical and microbial characteristics of the extrudate product from the synthesis of milkfish bone shrimp shell waste combined with corn granules based on the specified formulation, namely with proportions of 70:30, 50:50, 30:70 so that it can be determined which formulation is best.

Hadamard inverse function theorem proved by variational analysis

We present a proof of Hadamard Inverse Function Theorem by the methods of Variational Analysis, adapting an idea of I. Ekeland and E. Séré.

Sustainable Recovery of Anthocyanins and Other Polyphenols from Red Cabbage Byproducts.

The objective of this work was to develop a sustainable process for the extraction of anthocyanins from red cabbage byproducts using, for the first time, apple vinegar in extractant composition. Our results showed that the mixture 50% (v/v) ethanol-water, acidified with apple vinegar, used in the proportion of 25 g of red cabbage by-products per 100 mL of solvent, was the best solvent for the preparation of an anthocyanin extract with good stability for food applications. The chemical characterization of this extract was performed by FTIR, UV-VIS, HPLC-DAD, and ICP-OES. The stability was evaluated by determining the dynamics of the total polyphenol content (TPC) and the total monomeric anthocyanin pigment content (TAC) during storage. On the basis of the statistical method for analysis of variance (ANOVA), the standard deviation between subsamples and the repeatability standard deviation were determined. The detection limit of the stability test of TPC was 3.68 mg GAE/100 g DW and that of TAC was 0.79 mg Cyd-3-Glu/100 g DW. The red cabbage extract has high TPC and TAC, good stability, and significant application potential. The extracted residues, depleted of anthocyanins and polyphenols with potential allelopathic risks, fulfill the requirements for a fertilizing product and could be used for soil treatment.

Glucose metabolism-based signature predicts prognosis and immunotherapy strategies for colon adenocarcinoma.

The global prevalence and metastasis rates of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) are high, and therapeutic success is limited. Although previous research has primarily explored changes in gene phenotypes, the incidence rate of COAD remains unchanged. Metabolic reprogramming is a crucial aspect of cancer research and therapy. The present study aims to develop cluster and polygenic risk prediction models for COAD based on glucose metabolism pathways to assess the survival status of patients and potentially identify novel immunotherapy strategies and related therapeutic targets. COAD-specific data (including clinicopathological information and gene expression profiles) were sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and two Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets (GSE33113 and GSE39582). Gene sets related to glucose metabolism were obtained from the MSigDB database. The Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) method was utilized to calculate pathway scores for glucose metabolism. The hclust function in R, part of the Pheatmap package, was used to establish a clustering system. The mutation characteristics of identified clusters were assessed via MOVICS software, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were filtered using limma software. Signature analysis was performed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method. Survival curves, survival receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and multivariate Cox regression were analyzed to assess the efficacy and accuracy of the signature for prognostic prediction. The pRRophetic program was employed to predict drug sensitivity, with data sourced from the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database. Four COAD subgroups (i.e., C1, C2, C3 and C4) were identified based on glucose metabolism, with the C4 group having higher survival rates. These four clusters were bifurcated into a new Clust2 system (C1 + C2 + C3 and C4). In total, 2175 DEGs were obtained (C1 + C2 + C3 vs. C4), from which 139 prognosis-related genes were identified. ROC curves predicting 1-, 3- and 5-year survival based on a signature containing nine genes showed an area under the curve greater than 0.7. Meanwhile, the study also found this feature to be an important predictor of prognosis in COAD and accordingly assessed the risk score, with higher risk scores being associated with a worse prognosis. The high-risk and low-risk groups responded differently to immunotherapy and chemotherapeutic agents, and there were differences in functional enrichment pathways. This unique signature based on glucose metabolism may potentially provide a basis for predicting patient prognosis, biological characteristics and more effective immunotherapy strategies for COAD.

Multivariate Regression and Variance in Concrete Curing Methods: Strength Prediction with Experiments

Because concrete strengths and quality are affected by various factors, multivariate regression models are often used to analyze the differences between predicted and target outputs. However, the variableness of a predicted output and how individual input parameters affect prediction reliabilities are still uncertain in practical applications, especially for the prediction of compressive strengths of concrete. This study aims to develop multivariate models for predicting concrete strengths and providing the variance analysis of prediction results by comparisons with experiment outcomes. First, this paper provides an in-depth examination of established variance analysis methods in the context of commonly used multivariate regression models. Then, based on Gaussian process regression, this study melds principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to assess the variability in concrete strength prediction using different curing methods. This innovative approach proves effective in evaluating the precision of the correlation and regression models (R-squared values ≥ 0.9049). The comparison between prediction results and experiment outcomes shows that retaining heat in cylinders can make them become too hot and overestimate in-place concrete strength. This study improves the methodologies of regression modeling for variance analysis and improves the reliability of concrete strength prediction. Additionally, the outcomes of this research can help save a substantial amount of financial resources and time that are required to obtain experimental data on the strengths of concrete components.

Response- and probability-based evaluation of spectrally matched ground motion selection strategies for bi-directional dynamic analysis of low- to mid-rise RC buildings

In this study, the effect of different strategies which consider various levels of constraints for spectrally matched ground motion (GM) selection on seismic responses of the buildings was evaluated. For this, six different three-dimensional buildings and three different local soil classes were considered. Various GM record sets were used for each strategy and local soil class pair to perform bi-directional nonlinear dynamic analyses of the buildings and maximum global and maximum inter-story drift ratio demands were obtained. To evaluate the efficiency of proposed strategies, the mean and dispersion of the demands were investigated. Then, the differences among the means of the seismic demands obtained for the strategies were evaluated using the analysis of variance method. Moreover, probability curves of the demands were constructed and compared. The results indicate that i) the mean of the demands generally used for code-based performance assessment can be estimated more consistently by the proposed strategies; ii) the supplemental constraints about spectral matching allow to control the dispersion of the spectral acceleration values of selected GMs and hence the dispersion of the demands; iii) using the appropriate one of the proposed strategies, GMs with desired dispersion of spectral accelerations can be acquired for probability-based performance assessment.

Lending as a Criterion for the Well-Being of the Population

Relevance. Well-being is often used in modern socio-economic research as one of the main categories. One of the criteria of well–being is lending, which is an important part of the life of the population and has a great impact on the development of society in general and the individual in particular. The study of lending and its impact on human well-being contributes to the creation of a holistic image of the socio-economic situation of the population. The purpose is to determine the impact of lending on the well-being of the population, as well as the subjective assessment of loans by the population, expressed in relation to credit products. Objectives: assess the place of lending in the category of well-being of the population; consider the loan from a social point of view; to determine the ratio of respondents using / not using credit; to study respondents' ideas about the essence of loans; to assess the attitude of the population to loans; to determine the impact of loans on the emotional state of a person; to determine the impact of loans on the situation in the country. Methodology. The structural and functional approach within the framework of the systemic picture of the world was used as the methodological basis of the study. The authors also applied general scientific methods: analysis, comparison, generalization. In addition, methods of correlation and variance analysis were applied. Results. The main results are defined as follows: within the framework of this article, an empirical study was conducted, on the basis of which the importance of lending for the well-being of the individual and the region was determined; the respondents' attitude to credit products and the frequency of their access to them were assessed. Conclusions. The paper characterizes the importance of lending for both the individual and the economic system. The results of the study allowed us to conclude that more than half of the respondents are neutral about loans; also, about half of the respondents turn to them. The subjective assessment of the impact of loans on the well– being of the individual is high, on the well-being of the region is low. In addition, most of the respondents associate loans with something positive.