Variance In Marital Satisfaction Research Articles

Projets de retraite et satisfaction conjugale

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research was to study the influence of spousal support in the pursuit of retirement goals on retirement satisfaction and marital satisfaction. The 100 retirees had to evaluate the support they received from their spouse for the realization of their personal projects. Regression analyses demonstrated that availability of spousal support, capacity to realize one's projects and spousal support to these projects accounted for 36% of the variance of retirement satisfaction and for 71% of the variance of marital satisfaction. Spousal support in the realization of retirement projects is an important element to consider in the evaluation of retirement and marital satisfaction.

Marital Satisfaction among Married Women in Korea

The purposes of this study are to investigate marital satisfaction according to demographic characteristic, division of household labor, and awareness of gender discrimination, and to explore influences of demographic and other variables on marital satisfaction. Social statistics survey data which collected in 1998 by ministry of statistics were used for secondary analysis of this study. Marital satisfaction was measured by questionnaire which was consisted in 7 items, including satisfaction with general family life, relationship with their own parent and parent-in-law, relationship with brothers and sisters, relationship with their children, and economic living status. These are measured by 5-point Likert scale. Independent variables are age, education, employment status, having their own house or not, No. of children under school age, parents living or not, perception of sexual discrimination, and division of household labor. The findings of this study show that there are significant differences of marital satisfaction by all independents variables, and all independent variables except employment have significant influences on marital satisfaction. People who are younger, received higher education, have their own house, have more children under schoolage and whose parent are living in the world, show higher marital satisfaction. The more husbands participate to household labor, the better marital satisfaction. In case of perception of sexual discrimination, main effect is not significant, but interaction effect with age is significant. Interaction effect between age and education is also significant. 32.52% of the variance in marital satisfaction were accounted for by these variables.

Predictors of Marital Satisfaction Among Korean Immigrant Spouses in the United States

ABSTRACT This study investigated marital satisfaction among Korean immigrant spouses. Level of acculturation, the number of years of U.S. residence, status inconsistency, annual income, educational level, decision making, division of household tasks, and communication problems were hypothesized to be predictors of marital satisfaction. A snowball sampling strategy yielded 304 respondents. Results showed that level of acculturation was significantly associated with marital satisfaction for Korean immigrant husbands, but not for Korean immigrant wives. Marital decision making was significantly related to marital satisfaction for Korean immigrant wives but not for Korean immigrant husbands. Both acculturation and marital decision making accounted for only 3% of the variance in marital satisfaction. For both spouses, conjugal communication problems were the best predictor of marital satisfaction (16% and 37% of variance explained for husbands and wives, respectively).

Marital Satisfaction in Later Life: An Examination of Equity, Equality, and Reward Theories

This study extended equity, equality, and reward theories, which have been well examined in younger populations, to predictions of marital satisfaction of older adults. One hundred-thirty-five elderly married participants were surveyed. Results: indicated: 1) equity perceptions significantly influenced marital satisfaction; 2) perceptions of equality and reward significantly affected marital satisfaction; and 3) perceived reward was the single most influential of the three independent variables, accounting for 44 percent of the variance in marital satisfaction; 4) gender was not a factor for any of the variables under study. Overall, the elderly married individuals studied were satisfied in their marriages. Exchange factors were found to significantly influence individual's satisfaction in their marital relationships; however, the most important of these factors was perceived rewards.

The role of spouses' depression and anger in the attribution?marital satisfaction relation

This study examined spouses' depression and anger, causal attributions for negative marital events, and marital satisfaction in a community sample of 312 newlywed couples. The results showed moderate intercorrelations among these variables for both husbands and wives. Regression analyses showed that spouses' attributions accounted for unique variance in marital satisfaction after controlling for own and partners' affect. Additional findings regarding affect and marital satisfaction were discussed.

Marital Satisfaction Among San Francisco Chinese-Americans

This study investigates variables that predict marital satisfaction in a group of San Francisco Chinese-Americans. Using Campbell, Converse and Rodgers' model of satisfaction as a framework (1976), 41% of the variance of marital satisfaction is accounted for with objective demographics and subjective assessments of marriage components derived from the Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment Scale items. Chinese-Americans are generally satisfied with their marriage, with men reporting higher satisfaction levels than women. Agreement on life aims and moral behaviour emerges as the most important predictor of marital quality. In addition, for men, agreement in relating to in-laws and friends is also found to be a significant predictor of marriage satisfaction.

Marriage duration, marital adjustment and psychological symptoms: a cross-sectional study.

One hundred and nine couples completed questionnaire measures of psychological symptoms, personality, and marital adjustment. They were divided into groups of short, intermediate, and long marriage duration. Psychological symptoms and marital adjustment remained fairly stable over time, although wives scored significantly worse than husbands on most measures in the intermediate duration group. In the short marriages, half the variance in marital satisfaction was predicted by the partner's marital questionnaire score, but when this variable was eliminated from the regression equation, psychological symptoms (phobic anxiety in wives and depression in husbands) were the main predictors of marital satisfaction. In the intermediate group, hostility levels were the main predictors of marital satisfaction. In the long marriages, marital satisfaction was predicted mainly by personality factors (assertiveness in husbands and personal flexibility in wives) and by levels of generalized anxiety. The findings suggest that couples who constructively resolve difficulties in expressing hostility within marriage are more likely to remain married than those who fail to do so.

Individual difference variables in close relationships: a contextual model of marriage as an integrative framework.

We examined and refined a contextual model of marriage (Bradbury & Fincham, 1987) in order to organize the associations between individual difference variables and satisfaction in close relationships. Seventy-eight spouses were administered instruments assessing marital satisfaction and individual differences in femininity, masculinity, dysfunctional relationship beliefs, and causal and responsibility attributions for marital difficulties. As predicted, higher levels of satisfaction were related to femininity and to partner's femininity, and lower levels of satisfaction were related to dysfunctional beliefs and less benign attributions. More important, two competing hypotheses relating to the contextual model were tested. A model in which the transitory, or proximal, context (e.g., responsibility attributions for specific relationship events) mediates the relation between the stable, or distal, context (e.g., general beliefs about relationships) and satisfaction was refuted. Support was obtained, however, for a model in which proximal and distal variables both account for unique variance in marital satisfaction. The usefulness of distinguishing between transitory and stable variables and the implications of the contextual model for organizing research on close relationships are discussed.

Marital Quality over the Marital Career: Alternative Explanations

In a cross-sectional study of 196 wives, Anderson, Russell, and Schumm (1983) were able to explain a little more than 8% of variance in marital satisfaction as a function of family life-cycle categories. The same sample is reanalyzed here from the perspective of integrating the combined effects of preschool children, employment, social class, and marital social desirability. Results indicate that much of the observed decline in marital satisfaction during the middle stages of the life cycle can be explained as the result of the impact of preschool children on a specific group of low-income mothers who were employed fulltime and were finding too little time to discuss daily matters with their husbands, even though they perceived their husbands as just as caring and understanding as did other, lessstressed wives. Rather than indicating a mild problem for all wives, the family life-cycle data actually reflected a very severe source of distress for a small group of wives.

Age at Marriage, Role Enactment, Role Consensus, and Marital Satisfaction

This paper uses quality of role enactment (role performance) and role consensus between spouses to examine the relationship between age at marriage and marital satisfaction. The authors hypothesize that age at marriage positively affects 1) the quality of self role enactment 2) the quality of spouses role enactment and 3) marital role consensus between spouses; that 4) role consensus positively affects the quality of the spouses role enactment; and that 5) the selfrole enactment 6) the spouses role enactment and 7) role censensus positively affect marital satisfaction. Three common family roles--provider child socialization and therapeutic roles--are particularly important for marital satisfaction. 704 couples from California Oregon Washington and Utah in their first marriage provide data in a 1976 survey. When compared to US census data the sample represents a broad cross section in terms of age educationoccupation and income with an overrepresentation of college-educated persons in professional occupations. Ages are grouped as 13-17 19-19 and 20 or more. Multiple regression analysis does not support the first three hypotheses but substantiates hypotheses 4-7: selfrole enactment has small relationship with marital satisfaction quality of spouses role enactment positively effects marital satisfaction and role consensus has a strong association with marital satisfaction explaining 44% and 35% of the variance in marital satisfaction of wives and husbands respectively. This study finds no evidence that early marriers have less role consensus or lower quality role enactment than later marriers; but the sample does not include early marriers who are already divorced. Longitudinal studies must follow early marriers to adequately test hypotheses on marriage age.

Marital interaction: physiological linkage and affective exchange.

Thirty married couples were studied during naturalistic interactions to determine the extent to which variation in marital satisfaction could be accounted for by physiological and affective patterns between and within spouses. The authors hypothesized that (a) compared to nondistressed couples' interactions, distressed couples' interactions would show greater physiological interrelatedness or "linkage," more negative affect, and more reciprocity of negative affect and (b) these differences would be more pronounced when the interaction was high in conflict (discussing a marital problem) as opposed to low in conflict (discussing the events of the day). Heart rate, skin conductance, pulse transmission time, and somatic activity from both spouses were analyzed using bivariate time-series techniques to derive a measure of physiological linkage. Self-report affective data (obtained using a video-recall procedure) were analyzed using sequential analyses to derive a measure of affect reciprocity. The hypotheses were strongly supported; 60% of the variance in marital satisfaction was accounted for using measures of physiological linkage alone. Additional nonredundant variance was accounted for by the other physiological and affective measures.

Marital interaction: Physiological linkage and affective exchange.

Thirty married couples were studied during naturalistic interactions to determine the extent to which variation in marital satisfaction could be accounted for by physiological and affective patterns between and within spouses. The authors hypothesized that (a) compared to nondistressed couples' interactions, distressed couples' interactions would show greater physiological interrelatedness or "linkage," more negative affect, and more reciprocity of negative affect and (b) these differences would be more pronounced when the interaction was high in conflict (discussing a marital problem) as opposed to low in conflict (discussing the events of the day). Heart rate, skin conductance, pulse transmission time, and somatic activity from both spouses were analyzed using bivariate time-series techniques to derive a measure of physiological linkage. Self-report affective data (obtained using a video-recall procedure) were analyzed using sequential analyses to derive a measure of affect reciprocity. The hypotheses were strongly supported; 60% of the variance in marital satisfaction was accounted for using measures of physiological linkage alone. Additional nonredundant variance was accounted for by the other physiological and affective measures.

Commitment: A variable in women's response to marital therapy

Abstract The relationship between commitment to one's marriage at the onset of therapy and changes during marital therapy was examined. In a sample of 42 couples seeking marital therapy, wives' commitment level accounted for a significant amount of unique variance in marital satisfaction before therapy and gains in marital satisfaction resulting from therapy. In keeping with earlier findings, results for men were less striking, and often nonsignificant. The importance of considering the variable of commitment in marital research is discussed.

An Expansion and Test of a Role Theory of Marital Satisfaction

The proposition that discrepancies between role expectations and role behavior influence marital satisfaction is expanded by proposing that the effect that discrepancies have is mediated by the subjectively perceived importance of the various discrepancies. An attempt is then made to see if by taking this contingent variable into account, it is possible to explain additional variance in marital satisfaction. It is found that even though the importance variable does mediate the relationship between discrepancies and marital satisfaction, its use does not explain additional variance in satisfaction beyond what is accounted for by the mere number of discrepancies.