Firm Size Variables Research Articles

PENGARUH UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, PROFITABILITAS, LIKUIDITAS DAN STRUKTUR ASET TERHADAP STRUKTUR MODAL

This study aims to determine the effect of the independent variable firm size, profitability, liquidity and asset structure on the dependent variable capital structure. This study uses manufacturing companies in the consumer goods sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2018-2020 period as the object of research. A sample of 102 data was obtained which was then processed with Ms. Excel and Eviews. The results of the F-test show that the value is smaller than the significant level of 5%, the F-test value shows the number 0.000000. This value proves that the variables of firm size, profitability, liquidity, and asset structure simultaneously have a significant effect on the capital structure variable. Furthermore, firm size and liquidity do not significantly affect capital structure because a firm does not really need external funding such as debt and prefers internal funding. They tend to choose other paths for the sustainability of the company. Profitability and asset structure actually have a significant positive effect on capital structure. This is because the large number of fixed assets of the company makes investors' confidence increase.

FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI NILAI PERUSAHAAN PADA PERUSAHAAN INDEX LQ45

The study was conducted to obtain empirical evidence of the effect of profitability. liquidity. Solvency, firm size. and dividend policy on firm value in companies listed on the LQ45 Index for the 2016 – 2019 period. The research design used is descriptive research using purposive sampling method and obtained 17 companies. This study uses multiple regression analysis which helps with the Eviews 10 application to test the data. The results obtained by the variables of profitability, solvency and firm size are able to have an influence on the firm value variable. This study also did not find a significant effect for liquidity and dividend policy. The implication of this research is the need for the company's attention to produce the ideal ratio, especially for profitability, solvency, and company size which will affect the value of the company and will provide a good signal for investors.

GROWTH OPPORTUNITY, FIRM SIZE, FINANCIAL DISTRESS AND HEDGING DECISIONS

This study aims to determine the effect of Growth Opportunity, Firm Size, and Financial Distress on Hedging Decisions in Property and Real Estate Sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2022. The type of research used is quantitative associative using secondary data. The sample selection was based on purposive sampling method, so that the samples obtained were 48 (fortyeight) companies. The data analysis technique used is logistic regression analysis, with data processing using the Eviews 12 for student program. Hypothesis testing in this study used the Likelihood Ratio Statistics (LR Statistics) test and the z-statistics test. The results of the Likelihood Ratio Statistics (LR Statistics) test show that the variables of Growth Opportunity, Firm Size, and Financial Distress together have an effect on hedging decisions. The results of the z-statistics test show that Firm Size has an effect on hedging decisions, while the Growth Opportunity and Financial Distress variables have no effect on hedging decisions.

Pengaruh Penentu Kompleksitas Struktur Modal Perusahaan Sektor Pertambangan Bursa Efek Indonesia

This study aims to determine the determinants of capital structure complexity in the mining sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2017-2021 period. In this study, the factors that determine the complexity of capital structure include indicators of asset structure, company size, profitability, inflation, and interest rates, while the complexity of capital structure includes indicators of the size of the number of capital sources and the level of concentration of capital sources. The number of samples was 52 mining companies collected using purposive sampling technique. This study uses quantitative data obtained from data listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) and the World Bank portal, and uses panel data regression analysis techniques. The findings show that only asset structure has a significant positive influence on the complexity of capital structure, which is measured by the number of capital sources and the concentration of capital sources. Meanwhile, the variables of firm size, profitability, interest rate and inflation have no significant influence on the complexity of capital structure in mining companies.

Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Leverage, Ukuran Perusahaan, dan Likuiditas Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan

The purpose of this study was to analyze and obtain empirical evidence regarding the effects of profitability, leverage, firm size,and liquidity on firm value. This research was conducted by using a purposive sampling method with a total sample 153 data from manufacturing companies that listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange with an observation period of three years, 2018-2020. This research was obtained using secondary data from the financial statements contained on the www.idx.com website. This research was processed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS Statistics version 25. The results obtained from the study concluded that the profitability and firm size variables had a positive and significant effect on firm value, while the leverage and liquidity variables did not have a significant effect on firm value.

The Impact of Corporate Governance on Financial Distress: Evidence from Listed Financial Institutions in Sri Lanka

This study focuses on the role of corporate governance in predicting financial distress of companies in the finance sector in Sri Lanka. Over the past two decades, several finance sector companies collapsed in Sri Lanka affecting numerous victims with no proper compensation payments. The study aims to unveil the impact of corporate governance on financial distress of companies in the financial sector. A number of key variables included to measure the corporate governance such as board size, board gender diversification, frequency of board meetings, audit quality, board member remuneration, CEO duality, education level of the board members, and board independence. As control variables firm size, profitability, and financial leverage are considered. Financial distress is operationalized through the measures of institutions negative profit, cash flow, or worth for three consecutive years. Data from 54 listed financial institutions in Sri Lanka were collected from 2017 to 2022. Descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, corporate governance comparison model, and regression analysis were employed for data analysis. The findings indicate that board size, board gender diversification, frequency of board meetings, higher audit quality, education level of the board, board independence, and return on equity have a significant negative impact on financial distress. These findings can help identify at-risk financial institutions, support decision-making for investors and stakeholders, guide the implementation of corporate governance policies, and inform policymakers in developing new governance policies.

Pengaruh Struktur Modal, Ukuran Perusahaan, dan Pertumbuhan Perusahaan terhadap Profitabilitas dan Dampaknya terhadap Nilai Perusahaan

This research aims to examine the influence of capital structure, firm size, and firm growth on profitability and its impact on firm value. The population used in this research is all Food and Beverage Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2018-2022 period, totaling 84 companies. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling technique by considering several criteria and a sample of 16 companies was obtained with an observation period of 5 years. This research uses multiple linear regression analysis techniques and path analysis with the help of SPSS version 26 analysis tools. The research results show that capital structure has a negative and significant effect on profitability. Firm size has a positive and significant effect on profitability. Firm growth has a positive and insignificant effect on profitability. Meanwhile, profitability has a positive and significant effect on firm value. The influence of capital structure on profitability both directly and indirectly is 13,2%. The influence of firm size on profitability both directly and indirectly is 2,4%. The influence of firm growth on profitability both directly and indirectly is 3,6%. The total or combined influence of the capital structure, firm size, and firm growth variables on profitability is 19,2%, while the remaining 80,8% is influenced by other variables not included in this research. The influence of profitability on firm value is 25,9%, while the remaining 74,1% is influenced by other variables not included in this research.

Effect of Related Party Transaction, Profitability, Leverage, and Capital Intensity on Tax Avoidance with Firm Size as a Moderating Variable in Food and Beverage Sub-Sector Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2018-2022

This research aims to determine and test the influence of related party transaction receivables, related party transaction debt, profitability, leverage, and capital intensity on tax avoidance in food and beverage sub-sector manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-2022 period and to test whether Firm size can moderate the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable. The population in this study was 26 companies. The sampling method uses purposive sampling, and the number of observation samples is 130 companies. This type of research is quantitative descriptive by testing classical assumptions and Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA) testing, which uses two regression equations. The analysis technique used is with SPSS software tools. This research shows that profitability, leverage, and capital intensity positively and significantly affect tax avoidance. Meanwhile, related party transactions receivables and associated party transactions accounts payable do not affect tax avoidance. The variable firm size can moderate the relationship between the influence of related party transactions on debt, profitability, leverage, and capital intensity on tax avoidance. The firm size variable cannot moderate the relationship between the influence of related party transaction receivables on tax avoidance. Keywords: tax avoidance, firm size, related party transactions, leverage, profitability, and capital intensity

재벌기업의 ESG활동과 기업가치

[Purpose]The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between ESG activities and firm value of business groups, particularly focusing on the fact that ESG activities are primarily undertaken by large companies, especially chaebols. [Methodology]A regression analysis was conducted using the ESG evaluation score and Tobins’Q as proxy for ESG activities and firm value. Firm size, ROA, and other variables were included as control variables. Total number of research samples is 5,228, of which 1,219 are chaebols. [Findings]First, we confirm that chaebols outperform non－chaebols in ESG activities. This result is attributed to the significant costs and expertise required to establish ESG systems. Second, while the ESG activities of non－chaebols are positively associated with firm value, we cannot find the effect of ESG activities on firm value in chaebols. This result indicates market skepticism towards the authenticity of chaebols’ ESG efforts, thereby suggesting that ESG activities are not incorporated in firm value. [Implications]This study raises the needs for substantive and authentic ESG activities within corporations and regulatory authorities, by showing the possibility that ESG activities may not benefit companies. It also provides a basis for their ESG establishment.

Determinan Nilai Perusahaan di Indonesia: Kajian Empiris Pada Perusahaan Sub Sektor Makanan

This empirical study is an explanatory-research that examines and discusses firm value and reveals the influencing factors, namely capital structure, firm size, and profitability. The research object is companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), using a sample of 17 companies in the food and beverage sub-sector through purposive sampling. The data for this study consist of annual financial report documentation sourced from secondary data that have been fully published from 2018 to 2022 on the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (www.idx.co.id). Based on panel data regression analysis through model testing using Chow test and Hausman test, the most appropriate model used in this research is the Fixed Effect Model (FEM). This research proves that firm size and profitability variables have a significant influence on firm value, while the capital structure (DER) does not have a significant.

The Effect of ESG Disclosure, Manager Qualification and Workplace Safety on Firm Value with Firm Size and Financial Leverage as Control Variables In Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange year 2020-2022

The purpose of this study, which was designed with firm size and financial leverage acting as control variables, was to ascertain the impact of management qualification, workplace safety, and ESG disclosure on firm value as estimated by Tobin's Q. Manufacturers (mining, metal, and cement) that are listed on the IDX in 2020–2022 make up the study's community. This study employed multiple linear regression-ordinary least squares along with hypothesis testing, where the regression coefficient is tested using the t test. The findings show that Manager Qualification (MQ) has a significant positive impact on Firm Value (FV), Financial Leverage (FL) has a substantial negative impact on Firm Value (FV). While ESG disclosure, Workplace Safety (WS) and Firm Size (FS) have no substantial influence on Firm Value (FV). The variable that has the highest significant level (0.008 < 0.005) but the coefficient is negative is Financial Leverage (FL) due to the calculated t value of -2.71, followed by the Manager Qualification (MQ) variable with a significant level (0.023 < 0.05) with a positive coefficient. And followed by the Firm Size (FS) variable, the Workplace Safety (WS) variable, and ESG disclosure does not have a substantial impact because the coefficient value obtained is 0.116; 0.196; and 0.451, respectively, where the coefficient value is higher than 0.05. The outcomes demonstrated that Firm Value (FV) increases along with the increase in Manager Qualification (MQ) and Financial Leverage (FL) has a substantial negative impact on Firm Value (FV). While Firm Size (FS), Workplace Safety (WS), and ESG disclosure variables have no significant effect.

Pengaruh Firm Size, Political Connection, Gender Diversity, Profitability, dan Leverage Terhadap Water Disclosure pada Perusahaan Sektor Pertambangan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2021-2022

This study aims to determine firm size on water disclosure, the effect of political connection on water disclosure, the effect of gender diversity on water disclosure, the effect of profitability on water disclosure, and the effect of leverage on water disclosure in mining sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2021-2022. The research sample was 47 mining companies, using purposive sampling technique. Data analysis method with multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that, the firm size variable has no effect on water disclosure, the political connection variable has a significant positive effect on water disclosure, the gender diversity variable has no effect on water disclosure, the profitability variable has no effect on water disclosure, and the leverage variable has a significant negative effect on water disclosure. Simultaneously, the firm size variable, political connection, gender diversity, profitability, and leverage affect water disclosure.

Pengaruh Profitsbilitas, Solvabilitas, Ukuran Perusahaan Dan Ukuran KAP Terhadap Audit Delay Pada Perusahaan Jasa Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Sektor Property Sub Sektor Property dan Real Estate Tahun 2015-2019)

This study aims to analyze the effect of profitability, solvency, firm size, and KAP size on audit delay in property and real estate sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population in this study was all property and real estate companies listed on the IDX in 2015-2019. Then sampling using the purposive sampling method and obtained 14 companies. The data was secondary data in the form of annual financial statements of companies listed on the IDX during the 2015-2019 period. This study utilized multiple regression analysis. The results show that partially the profitability variable has an effect on audit delay, while the solvency variable, firm size, and KAP size have no effect on audit delay. Simultaneously, the variables of profitability, solvency, firm size, and KAP size affect audit delay. This research is expected to be useful for the property and real estate sectors.

Pengaruh Financial Leverage, Kebijakan Dividen, Profitabilitas, Ukuran Perusahaan Dan Likuiditas Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Pada Perusahaan Farmasi Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Pada Tahun 2015-2019

This study aims to examine and determine the effect of financial leverage, dividend policy, profitability, firm size, and liquidity on firm value in pharmaceutical sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population in this study were all pharmaceutical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2019. The sampling technique utilized the purposive sampling method and obtained 7 companies. This study utilized multiple regression analysis. The results show that partially financial leverage and profitability variables have an effect on firm value, meanwhile dividend policy, firm size and liquidity variables don’t have effect on firm value. Simultaneously the variables of financial leverage, dividend policy, profitability, firm size and liquidity have an effect on firm value. This research is expected to provide benefits for the pharmaceutical sub-sector.

Backward Vertical Integration Strategies and Competitiveness of Firms in EPZ Kenya

Purpose: The main purpose of the study was to determine the influence of backward vertical integration strategies on the competitiveness of firms in the Export Processing Zones (EPZ), Kenya.
 Methodology: Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were used in this study, meaning that both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were employed. Descriptive technique, specifically survey was used in the research design. The target population was all the 137 EPZ firms within Kenya and the sample was drawn from this population. The stratified random sampling technique was used. The EPZ firms are situated within the 74 gazetted zones, out of which 69 are privately owned and operated while 5 are public zones. The quantitative data that was collected was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists. Further, the significance level of each independent variable was tested against the dependent variable at 95% level of confidence using ANOVA, regression and correlation techniques. 
 Findings: The findings showed that backward vertical integration strategies had a positive and significant influence on the competitiveness of firms in EPZ, Kenya, at 0.151, p<0.05 and 0.432, p<0.05 when the moderating variable firm size is included.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: This study contributes to both the resource-based view and the theory of dynamic capabilities. It lays emphasis on the importance of resources in attaining competitiveness as suggested in these theories. Besides, the study emphasizes the need for firms to have policies aimed at ensuring raw materials supply stability, lower transaction costs and enhanced economies of scale. The findings of this study are significant because the Government of Kenya envisages that the EPZ program is expected to play a critical role in the manufacturing sector contributing 20% to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by 2030. This will subsequently lead to an increase in employment opportunities, real-value added growth, and foreign direct investment (KNBS, 2022). The study recommends a review by the EPZ Authority in Kenya , of the underlying aim of using backward vertical integration strategies as means of gaining competitive advantage competitiveness and the inclusion of this strategy in the various EPZ firm’s policies and procedures.

FACTORS AFFECTING CSR DISCLOSURE

This study aims to determine the effect of the influence of board size, firm size, leverage, and audit size on Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure (CSRD) in the Consumer Non-Cyclicals sector listed on the IDX in 2019-2021. The sample was selected using criteria, namely Consumer Non-Cyclicals sector companies listed on the IDX, publishing annual reports, using IDR currency in their reporting, and presenting complete information in accordance with research needs. The criteria resulted in 68 companies as samples processed with the e-Views 12 and Microsoft excel. Factors that are expected to affect CSR disclosure as well as being independent variables are board size, firm size, leverage, and audit size variables. The results showed significant results from firm size variables, except for size, leverage, and audit size variables. However, the results of this study lack the ability to describe the overall situation and the period studied is limited. So future researchers can expand the scope of research using other sectors such as the Consumer Cyclicals, Industrials, or Technology sector and extend the research period up to 5 years.

The Life Cycle And Dividend Premium Toward Dividend-Paying Behavior In Manufacturing Sector Companies

This study aims to determine the independent variables that are able to predict dividend payment behavior and prove the occurrence of dividend catering theory in manufacturing companies that are in the growth phase. In determining the research sample, the researcher used purposive sampling. The number of samples in this study were 7 manufacturing companies with a total of 92 observations during 2015 – 2019. This study uses multinomial logistic regression analysis on SPSS 25. The results show that the dividend premium and profitability variables get positive and significant values in the high dividend payout model. as well as low dividend payout models. While the firm size variable gets a positive and significant value in the high dividend payout model, it does not get a significant value in the low dividend payout model. This means that in the high dividend payout model, the variables of premium dividends, profitability, and firm size are able to predict the behavior of dividend payments in manufacturing companies that are in the growth phase. However, in the low dividend payout model, only the dividend premium and profitability variables are able to predict the behavior of dividend payments in manufacturing companies that are in the growth phase. The results also prove that the dividend catering theory is proven to occur in manufacturing companies that are in the growth phase of 2015 – 2019.

An Assessment of Capital Structure Decisions among Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria

This study aimed to assess Capital Structure Decision among listed Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria by assessing the effects of total equity and debts on capital structures of DBMs in Nigeria. The study alsocorrelated asset tangibility to firm size and examined the effect on the capital structure of the Banks. The study used secondary data collected from the annual accounts and reports of the selected ten (10) banks purposively selected for twelve (12) years covering 2011- 2022. The study’s population is made up of twenty-four existing listed deposit money banks on the list on the Nigerian Exchange Group plc based on the availability of data. The study employed explanatory variables of total equity, total debt, asset tangibility, and firm size to capture financial statement components. Data was analyzed using descriptive analysis and panel regression models. Findings revealed that equity, debts, and assets tangibility have positive and significant effects on the capital structure decision of the selected banks, while the firm’ size does not. The study concluded that equity capital, debt capital, and long-term assets are relevant in capital structure decision of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. It is recommended that management should carefully assess the appropriate mix of equity and debt that maximizes income potentials and continuity of the firm in the context of substantial tangibility of the assets.

Faktor-Faktor Utama Nilai Perusahaan: Ukuran Perusahaan, Leverage, Dan Profitabilitas

How the size, leverage, and profitability of a company affect its value is the purpose of this study. Firm value is an assessment made by investors to determine the level of success of a company, and is usually correlated with stock prices. In this case, company size, profitability, and leverage are some of the factors that affect its value. 21 LQ45 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2022 were sampled. The results showed that the firm size variable was positively and significantly influenced by firm value, the leverage variable was positively and significantly influenced by firm value, and profitability was negatively and significantly influenced. according to the results of the t test.

THE INFLUENCE OF COMPANY SIZE, PROFITABILITY, AND LEVERAGE ON ACCOUNTING CONSERVATISM

Accounting conservatism is the principle of prudence profits in financial reporting, where companies do not rush to recognize and measure assets and immediately recognize losses and debts that have the possibility of occurring. The purpose of this study is to determine the development of company size, profitability, leverage, and accounting conservatism in retail trade sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017-2021, and also to determine the effect of company size, profitability , and leverage partially and simultaneously on accounting conservatism in retail trade sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017-2021. The sample in this study was 7 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017-2021. The data analysis used is multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The results showed that company size has a significant effect on accounting conservatism in retail trade sub-sector companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, while profitability and leverage variables partially have no significant effect. At least one independent variable of firm size, profitability, and leverage simultaneously affects the dependent variable of accounting conservatism. Therefore, it indicates that there is a joint influence of these variables on accounting conservatism in retail trade sub-sector companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.