Distress Variables Research Articles

The Roles of Psychological Inflexibility and Mindful Awareness on Distress in a Convenience Sample of Black American Adults in the United States

Background: In recent years, the conceptual framework of psychological flexibility/inflexibility has been of global interest in the field of behavioral health. Nevertheless, studies and evidence of psychological flexibility/inflexibility remain limited for underrepresented groups of individuals, including people of color in the United States (U.S.). Among these groups of individuals are Black Americans in the U.S. In response to this empirical gap, the present cross-sectional study investigated whether psychological inflexibility and mindful awareness were uniquely related to general psychological distress, somatization, depression, and anxiety in Black American adults in the United States. Methods: A convenience sample of 359 Black American college students completed self-report measures of interest online. Results: As predicted, correlational analyses showed that psychological inflexibility was positively associated with general psychological distress, somatization, depression, and anxiety, and that mindful awareness was negatively associated with these four distress variables. A path analysis model revealed that psychological inflexibility, but not mindful awareness, was uniquely associated with these distress variables. Conclusions: The present study extended previous findings with a convenience sample of Black American college students, suggesting that psychological inflexibility may be a useful construct for understanding psychological distress, more so than mindful awareness, among Black American adults in the U.S.

Satisfaction and Workload as Predictors of Psychological Distress in Professionals of Psychosocial Care Centers During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the mental health of healthcare professionals, especially those working in Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS), which are crucial services in the Brazilian mental health system. This study aimed to investigate the association between job satisfaction, workload, and psychological distress among CAPS professionals during the pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 53 professionals from seven CAPS. The Workload Impact Scale (IMPACTO-BR) and Job Satisfaction Scale (SATIS-BR), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), and a sociodemographic questionnaire were used. Descriptive and analytical statistical analyses were performed. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between job satisfaction, workload, and psychological distress. Professionals reported moderate satisfaction (3.67 ± 0.45) and mild workload (1.82 ± 0.63). One-third of the sample showed scores indicative of psychological distress. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that workload (p = 0.0025) and low job satisfaction (p = 0.0495) were significantly associated with psychological distress. Low job satisfaction and high professional workload were predictive variables of psychological distress. These findings highlight the need for investments in promoting the quality of life at work for mental health professionals, especially during crises. The implications for human resource management and public policy development emphasize the importance of an integrated approach that considers the well-being of professionals for the effectiveness and sustainability of the psychosocial care model.

Good Together Makes it Better?

Abstract: Introduction: Informal caregiving can lead to burnout. The relationship between burnout and negative states has been the subject of extensive research. This study analyzes the mediation role of a positive psychological variable – the quality of the carer-patient relationship – between psychological distress and informal carers’ burnout. Methods: We recruited Portuguese informal carers of adult cancer patients online ( N = 92) to answer the Quality of Carer-Patient Relationship Scale gauging relationship quality, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales assessing psychological distress, and the Maslach Burnout Interview-Human Services Survey evaluating the dimensions of burnout, depersonalization, emotional exhaustion, and reduced personal accomplishment. The cross-sectional data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, correlations, multiple regressions, and simple mediation analysis. Results: Our results show that psychological distress variables directly affect burnout dimensions, and that relationship quality has a significant indirect effect on each burnout dimension, suggesting that relationship quality partially mediates the association between each distress dimension – depression, anxiety, and stress – and each of the burnout components – depersonalization, emotional exhaustion, and personal accomplishment. Discussion/Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of intervening in informal caregiver mental health and patient-caregiver relationships and encourages further investigation into the dynamics of the studied variables.

Well-being After Finalization of a Workers' Compensation Claim: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Injured workers can be disadvantaged after a workers' compensation claims ends. This study investigated the association of a range of variables with well-being in injured workers who had finalized a workers' compensation claim >3 months prior. On-line, cross-sectional survey (n = 129, 55.81% female). Well-being was measured using the Psychological Wellbeing 18-item (PWB) and the Personal Wellbeing Score (PWS). Multivariable quantile regression analysis controlling for education level demonstrated associations between the PWB and levels of psychological distress (-1.53; 95% CI, -2.11 to -0.94; P < 0.001) and resilience (6.51; 95% CI, 2.65 to 10.37; P = 0.001), and between the PWS and levels of psychological distress (-0.04; 95% CI, -0.51 to -0.29; P < 0.001) and resilience (1.2; 95% CI 0.47 to 1.93), P = 0.001. Contemporaneous variables of resilience and psychological distress were stronger correlates with well-being than historic claim-related variables.

Effect of Profitability, Liquidity, Foreign Ownership and Financial Distress on Tax Avoidance of Transportation &amp; Logistics Companies

Tax is a mandatory contribution owed by personal and corporate taxpayers and is one of the largest revenues for the state for the greatest prosperity of the people. But in reality, taxpayers often make tax avoidance efforts to minimize the tax payable. This study aims to examine the effect of Profitability, Liquidity, Foreign Ownership and Financial Distress on Tax Avoidance of transportation &amp; logistics companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2019 - 2023. This study uses secondary data and applies purposive sampling method, resulting in 50 companies being sampled based on certain criteria. The data analysis technique uses multiple linear regression analysis, with the help of IBM SPSS Statistics 25 software. The research findings reveal that the variables of Profitability, Liquidity and Financial Distress significantly affect Tax Avoidance. Although the Foreign Ownership variable does not affect Tax Avoidance.

Tax Avoidance of Mining Sector Companies Registered on The Indonesia Stock Exchange

This study aims to test and analyze the effect of deferred tax burden, thin capitalization, and financial distress on tax avoidance with managerial ownership as a moderating variable. It uses a quantitative approach. The population is mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2022. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling, which produces a sample of 73 analysis units. Data collection uses documentation techniques. Data analysis uses panel data regression and moderated regression analysis (MRA) with the Eviews 12 program as the analysis tool. The results of this study indicate that deferred tax burden does not affect tax avoidance; thin capitalization negatively affects tax avoidance, while financial distress positively impacts tax avoidance. Managerial ownership cannot moderate the effect of deferred tax burden and financial distress on tax avoidance. Managerial ownership can weaken the impact of thin capitalization on tax avoidance. The novelty is adding the deferred tax burden variable as an independent variable and choosing managerial ownership as a moderating variable. The financial distress variable is measured using the springate model.

First-year domestic and international university students’ knowledge and use of mental health services and self-care practices in Australia

ABSTRACT Objective Transitioning to university brings challenges and stress that could be mitigated through self-care practices and knowledge and use of mental health services. This study examined these variables in first-year students at an Australian university, exploring any differences between international and domestic students and whether demographic variables and psychological distress influence knowledge and use of mental health services and self-care practices. Method Participants were 821 first-year students (77.6% female, 25.2% international, Mage = 20.7, SDage = 5.54 years). Measures included the Mental Health Literacy Scale, purpose-written questions about awareness, confidence, and engagement with mental health services, self-care knowledge and use, and PsyCheck. T-tests examined differences between domestic and international students. Hierarchical regression analysis assessed relationships between demographic factors, psychological distress, and mental health-related variables. Results Compared with international students, domestic students had greater awareness, confidence, and engagement in mental health services, and better self-care knowledge. Demographic variables were associated with mental health outcomes, with limited model strength. Psychological distress was associated with less knowledge and confidence in accessing mental health services yet higher engagement with services, and lower self-care knowledge and use. Conclusions The findings underscore the need for targeted mental health resources, particularly for international students and those experiencing higher psychological distress.

Cyberbullying victimisation and its association with depression, anxiety and stress among female adolescents in Deumai Municipality, Nepal: a cross-sectional survey

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of cyberbullying and its association with depression, anxiety and stress among female adolescents attending higher secondary schools in Deumai Municipality, Nepal.DesignCross-sectional survey study.SettingThe survey was conducted...

Comparing the Incremental Predictive Validity of Self-as-Context-Related Measures.

The comparative incremental validity of five self-as-context measures in predicting psychological distress and satisfaction with life, after controlling for relevant demographic variables and other psychological flexibility processes, was evaluated in a college student sample (N = 315). All of the measures except the self-as-context subscale of the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (Rolffs et al., 2018) separately accounted for a significant increase in variability in psychological distress. The centering subscale of the Self-as-Context Scale (Zettle et al., 2018) was the only measure to also display incremental predictive validity in accounting for significant variance in life satisfaction. The conceptual and clinical implications of the findings in the context of study limitations are discussed.

Maladaptive daydreaming as emotion regulation strategy: exploring the association with emotion regulation, psychological symptoms, and negative problem-solving orientation

Maladaptive Daydreaming (MD) is a dysfunctional mental activity characterized by an excessive immersion in fantasy, whose function is being increasingly discussed and investigated. Accordingly, this study aims to examine its function as an emotion regulation strategy among MDers by evaluating the pattern of associations among MD, emotion regulation (ER) difficulties, anxiety, depression, stress symptoms, and negative problem-solving orientation. The mediating role of MD level in the association between difficulties in ER and both the psychological distress variables and negative problem-solving orientation was evaluated. N = 252 MDers, aged 18–70 years (Mage = 30.63, SD = 11.40, 84.1% females), participated in the study and completed self-report measures. Some unexpected results emerged: among difficulties in ER’s dimensions, only lack of emotional self-awareness negatively and significantly associated with all symptom variables; solely difficulty pursuing goals when experiencing negative emotions and reduced trust in one’s capacity to self-regulate positively and significantly correlated with MD. MD negatively correlated with depression, anxiety, and negative problem-solving orientation. Three mediation models showed the mediating role of MD in reducing the negative effect of difficulty pursuing goals when experiencing negative emotions on both anxiety and negative problem-solving orientation and of trust in one’s capacity to self-regulate on negative problem-solving orientation. Overall, findings seem to point to functional peculiarities among MDers and support the view of MD as an emotion regulation strategy allowing the management and reduction of negative emotions and negative perceptions of problem situations. Notwithstanding, further research evaluating the potential moderating role of MD-specific fantasies is warranted. Unexpected findings are discussed.

Predicting financial distress through ownership pattern: dynamics of financial resilience of Bangladesh

In light of agency and resource dependence theories, we explored the impact of ownership patterns on the likelihood of financial distress using 57 financial institutions (FIs) listed in Dhaka Stock Exchange and 390 firm years from 2016 to 2022. This study observed that 97.94% of the firms are in distress, 1.03% in gray, and 1.03% in the safe zone. Thus, the stability of FIs lags quite behind the expected standards. Multiple linear regression results show that director ownership is inversely associated with corporate failures, suggesting higher stakes of directors lower the risk of financial distress. When directors align their interests with those of firms by owning shares, it enhances firm performance and lowers the likelihood of failures. Also, institutional ownership negatively correlates with financial distress due to their active surveillance and focus on long-term performance. Besides, effective overseeing process of institutional investors works as a deterrent to making freaky decisions. Conversely, foreign ownership showed a positive affinity with financial distress. In Bangladesh, family dominance, lopsided influence, and political connections limit foreign investors’ ability to contribute to a firm’s long-term success. While most earlier studies in emerging economies showed financial resilience through the Altman Z-score, only a few have examined ownership patterns as a potential cause of firm bankruptcy. Considering ownership patterns as an explanatory variable of financial distress, this study discourses the corporate governance issues and resilience of FIs in an emerging economy.

THE INFLUENCE OF DER, EPS AND FINANCIAL DISTRESS ON STOCK PRICES

The growth of the population in Indonesia has an impact on the increasing needs of the community for food and beverages. This condition has led investors to be interested in investing their capital in companies in the food and beverage sector. This research aims to determine the influence of Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Earning Per Share (EPS), and Financial Distress on stock prices. The study focuses on manufacturing companies in the food and beverage sub-sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2020 to 2022. This quantitative research involved a sample of 111 companies selected through purposive sampling. The analysis method used was multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS 26. The partial results indicate that the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) variable has a significant negative impact on the company's stock prices, while the Earning Per Share (EPS) and Financial Distress variables do not have a significant effect on stock prices. Simultaneously, the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Earning Per Share (EPS), and Financial Distress variables in this study collectively influence the stock prices of food and beverage companies.

Relationship between diabetes health literacy, distress, burnout, social support, complications, self-care behaviors, and quality of life among patients with type 2 diabetes: a path analysis study

IntroductionImproving the quality of life (QOL) is the most important goal of early diagnosis and treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Numerous studies have indicated the positive effects of health literacy, social support and self-care behaviors and the negative effects of diabetes distress and burnout on the QOL of patients with T2D. Understanding these factors is crucial for people with diabetes. However, no study has investigated the simultaneous effects of these variables on QOL. In this study, our goals were to find out how these variables are related to each other, in addition, which variables play the role of mediating variables, and finally, what is the cumulative effect of these variables in predicting the QOL of patients with T2D. So, this study aimed to examine the relationship between diabetes health literacy (DHL), distress, burnout, social support, complications of diabetes, self-care behaviors, and QOL among patients with T2D by application Path analysis method.MethodsIn this study 929 participants were entered to study by cluster sampling method and finally, data were analyzed among 820 participants. Data were gathered by self-report and with seven tools of Demographic section, DHL Scale, Diabetes distress scale, Diabetes Burnout scale, Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ), Perceived social support, Diabetes Quality of Life (DQOL) Questionnaire. The software’s of SPSS version 24 and AMOS version 24 were used for analysis.ResultsThe variables of DHL, social support, diabetes distress, and complications of diabetes predicted 38% variance in diabetes burnout (R2 = 0.38). Greatest impact on diabetes burnout was related to diabetes distress (estimate total effect = 0.539). The variables of DHL, social support, diabetes distress, complications of diabetes, and diabetes burnout predicted 24% variance in self- care behaviors (R2 = 0.24). Greatest impact on self- care behaviors was related to DHL (estimate total effect = 0.354). The variables of DHL, social support, diabetes distress, diabetes burnout, complications of diabetes, and self- care behaviors predicted 49% variance in DQOL (R2 = 0.49). Greatest impact on DQOL was related to variables of diabetes distress (estimate total effect = -0.613), DHL (estimate total effect = 0.225), diabetes burnout (estimate total effect = -0.202), complications of diabetes (estimate total effect = − 0.173), social support (estimate total effect = 0.149), and self -care (estimate total effect = 0.149), respectively.ConclusionTo improve QOL in patients with T2D, health care providers must develop interventions that increase DHL of diabetic. Because DHL can decrease distress and burnout, enhance self -care skills, create supportive networks, and ultimately improve QOL in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Assessment of Emotional Distress among Hepatitis C Patients Undergoing Antiviral Therapy at Jinnah Hospital Lahore

Hepatitis C is a significant worldwide health issue, causing mental and psychological distress in individuals, resulting in heightened stress and depression. Objective: To assess the emotional distress and assess the relationship between emotional distress and demographic variables of hepatitis c patients undergoing antiviral therapy at Jinnah Hospital Lahore. Methods: A quantitative cross sectional study design was used for this study. The study was carried out in Jinnah Hospital Lahore. Sample size of 108 patients is calculated with 95% confidence interval and 5% margin of error. Data were collected by using self-developed through convenient sampling technique. Both Male and female conscious patient, have a confirmed diagnosis of Hepatitis C and on antiviral therapy for 12 weeks were included in the study. Patients with Liver Cirrhosis and emotional trauma were excluded from study. An adopted Emotional Distress scale, consists of 14 questions was used to collect data from patients Emotional Distress Scale was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0. Chi square test applied to assess association between emotional distress and demographic variables of Hepatitis C patients. Results: The result showed that among 108, the most of the participants are the age group of 18-40 years and 58.3% are female. Emotional distress among hepatitis C patients undergoing antiviral therapy revealed varying degrees of emotional experiences and majority 45.4% of participants had severe distress. Conclusions: It was concluded that majority experienced severe emotional distress during antiviral therapy, offering valuable insights for interventions.

Cognitive distortions as a mediator of the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and psychological distress among college students

Objective This study examined the mediating role of cognitive distortions (CDs) in the relationship between dispositional mindfulness (DM) and psychological distress, and considered gender as a potential moderator of these mediation models. Participants Four hundred and forty-six college students (63.9% female; M = 20.52 years; 87.4% undergraduate, 12.6% graduate level) participated. Methods Self-report measures of DM, CDs, anxiety, depression, and perceived stress were completed with data collected from April to October of 2020. Results Females scored significantly higher than males on anxiety, depression, perceived stress, and CDs. CDs partially mediated the relationship between DM and all psychological distress variables. Gender moderated the mediation model predicting anxiety, with the indirect effect of DM on anxiety via CDs being stronger for females than males. Conclusion Results support CDs as a possible mechanism underlying the association between DM and psychological distress with implications for targeting cognitive patterns in mindfulness-based interventions with college students.

Application of the path analysis model to evaluate the role of distress, mental health literacy and burnout in predicting self-care behaviors among patients with type 2 diabetes

IntroductionMental complications of diabetes are one of the main obstacles to the implementation of self -care behaviors that have been less studied. Therefore, this study was conducted to survey the effective factors in predicting burnout and self-care behaviors among patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsIn this Path analysis, 1280 patients with type 2 diabetes were selected from Mashhad (Iran) in 2023 to 2024. Four scales, the mental health literacy (MHL) scale, diabetes burnout scale, diabetes distress scale, and self-care behavior scale were used for data gathering. AMOS software checked the direct and indirect paths between the variables.ResultsIn the path analysis, variables of MHL and diabetes distress predicted 25% variance of diabetes burnout (R2 = 0.25), and diabetes distress (total effect = 0.491) had the greatest impact on predicting diabetes burnout. Variables of MHL, diabetes distress, and diabetes burnout predicted 12% variance of Self-care behaviors (R2 = 0.12) and MHL (total effect = -0.256), age of onset of diabetes (total effect = 0.199), and diabetes burnout (total effect = − 0.167) had the greatest impact on prediction of self-care behaviors.ConclusionMHL could reduce diabetes distress and burnout and eventually promote self-care behaviors among patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, screening and identifying psychological problems (such as distress and burnout) and designing interventions to increase MHL can ultimately increase the health of patients with diabetes.

Impact of second victim distress on healthcare professionals' intent to leave, absenteeism and resilience: A mediation model of organizational support.

To examine the relationship between the second victim distress and outcome variables, specifically: 'turnover intentions, absenteeism and resilience'. Furthermore, this study also assessed how organizational support mediates the relationship between second victim distress and outcome variables. Cross-sectional survey. A cross-sectional survey study using regression and mediation analysis with bootstrapping was conducted among (n = 149) healthcare professionals in two university hospitals in Finland from September 2022 to April 2023 during different time periods. The Finnish version of the revised Second Victim Experience and Support Tool (FI-SVEST-R) was used to assess second victim distress, level of organizational support and related outcomes. Psychological distress was the most frequently experienced form of reported second victim distress, and institutional support was the lowest perceived form of support by healthcare professionals. The study found second victim distress to have a significant association with work-related outcomes: turnover intention and absenteeism. However, no significant relationship was found with resilience. Mediation models with organizational support revealed a partially mediated relationship between second victim distress and work-related outcomes. The findings from this study indicate that second victim experiences if not adequately addressed can lead to negative work-related outcomes such as increased job turnover and absenteeism. Such outcomes not only affect healthcare professionals but can also have a cascading effect on the quality of care. However, the mediating effect of organizational support suggests that if comprehensive support is provided, it is possible to mitigate the negative impact of the second victim phenomenon. Raising awareness regarding the second victim phenomenon, promoting a culture of safety and shifting the paradigm from a blame to just culture helps in identifying the system flaws thus improving both patient and provider safety. The study adheres to the STROBE reporting guidelines. No patient or public contribution.

Psychological distress and alcohol use disorder in college students of color: Social support’s moderating properties

Alcohol use is prevalent among college students. Research has found that psychological distress in the form of depression, anxiety, or loneliness has been consistently associated with greater alcohol use. Because Students of Color (SoC) disproportionately experience greater psychological distress than White students, it is critical to determine buffers against psychological distress and subsequent alcohol use consequences. Previous literature found that social support can protect against the effects of psychological distress and weaken its link with alcohol use. This study aimed to determine the moderating effect of social support in the relation between psychological distress and alcohol use among SoC. College Students of Color from across the U.S. (n = 211, M age = 27.51, SD = 9.63) were recruited via Prolific to answer an online survey through Qualtrics. Linear regression analyses showed that psychological distress variables (i.e., depression, anxiety, and loneliness) were positively associated with alcohol use. However, moderation analysis did not find any form of social support to moderate the relation between psychological distress variables and alcohol use. Future research needs to identify other protective factors against alcohol use to support SoC in their academic journey.

Interactions Between Caregiving and Sex and the Antibody Response to COVID-19 Vaccination.

Antibody response to vaccination is a powerful paradigm for studying the effects of chronic stress on immune function. In the present study, we used this paradigm to examine the interaction between caregiving (as a type of chronic stress) and sex on the antibody response to a single dose of a COVID-19 vaccination; recent research has called for examination of sex differences on health outcomes among family caregivers. A three-way interaction between caregiving, sex, and psychological distress was also examined. COVID-19 antibody data were extracted from 165 caregivers (98 females) and 386 non-caregivers (244 females) from the UK's Understanding Society COVID-19 study. Relevant sociodemographics, health and lifestyle, and distress variables were gathered as potential covariates. In a 2 × 2 ANOVA, we found that the interaction between caregiving and sex was significant; male caregivers had a lower antibody response to the vaccine compared to female caregivers ( F (1,547), =24.82, p < .001, η2p = 0.043). Following adjustment, male caregivers had the lowest antibody response relative to all other groups. The three-way interaction model, controlling for covariates, was also significant ( R2 = 0.013, p = .049); the conditional effects for the three-way interaction revealed that male caregivers, compared to the other groups, had a lower antibody response at both low and medium levels of psychological distress. This study found evidence of a three-way interaction between caregiving, sex, and distress on antibody response. Male caregivers had poorer antibody response to a single shot of the COVID-19 vaccination than female caregivers and male and female non-caregivers, and this was evident at low and medium levels of distress. Our findings will be discussed in relation to the caregiver and sex interactions during the pandemic.

Variables of diabetes distress and glycated hemoglobin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Variables of diabetes distress and glycated hemoglobin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus