Corporate Governance Variables Research Articles

Corporate Governance Mechanisms on Earnings management in the Indonesian Banking Sector

Research Aims: This research aims to examine the influence of corporate governance on earnings management. The corporate governance variable is proxied by independent commissioners, audit committees, and audit quality. The data in this research is secondary data originating from the financial reports of banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2022. 
 Design/methodology/approach: The analytical techniques used to test the hypothesis in this research are descriptive statistics, classical assumption tests, and multiple linear regression analysis. The type of data used in this research is quantitative data. The sample for this research was obtained using a purposive sampling method, and a sample of 116 banking companies was obtained.
 Research Findings: Test results using multiple linear regression show that the independent commissioner variable does not affect earnings management. the audit committee variable has negative impact on earnings management while audit quality variable have a significant positive effect. Test results also show that the control variable ROA has a significant negative influence on earnings management (EM). However, the leverage control variable does not influence management (EM).
 Theoretical Contribution/Originality: This research contributes by providing nuanced insights into the specific impact of corporate governance components on earnings management within Indonesian banking companies. The findings offer a deeper understanding of the intricate relationships between governance mechanisms and financial practices.
 Research limitation and implication: Limitations include the focus on banking companies and the specific time frame. Future research may explore diverse sectors and extend the study period. The results imply the need for policymakers and practitioners to recognize the varying impacts of different corporate governance components on earnings management for effective financial oversight.

Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance terhadap Tax Avoidance dengan Manajeman Laba Sebagai Variabel Intervening pada Perusahaan IDX BUMN 20 yang Terdaftar di BEI Tahun 2018-2022

This research aims to analyze and determine the influence of good corporate governance on tax avoidance with earnings management as an intervening variable. This research uses a quantitative approach and the data used is secondary data. The population in this study were 11 companies included in the idxbumn20 index published on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-2022 period, so a sample of 55 was obtained. The data analysis technique used the Partial Least Square method with the Smart PLS 4.0 software tool. The results of the research show that the good corporate governance variable has a positive effect on earnings management, good corporate governance has a negative effect on tax avoidance, earnings management has a negative effect on tax avoidance, and finally, earnings management can mediate the significant influence of good corporate governance on tax avoidance in a negative direction.

Corporate Governance and Sustainability of Listed Companies in Nigeria

This study examined the influence of corporate governance on corporate sustainability in Nigerian firms. The proxies for corporate governance were board size, board composition, board committees, and corporate reporting while the proxies for corporate sustainability were economic sustainability, social sustainability and environmental sustainability as given by the Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI). A sample size of 33 firms was selected for this study and data covering a ten (10) year period; 2012 to 2021 were collected from the audited annual reports of the 33 selected firms for the study. Data collected were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings from the study revealed that all the studied corporate governance variables (i.e. board size, board composition, board committees, and corporate reporting) have significant effect on corporate sustainability. Based on the findings, it was concluded that corporate governance has significant influence on corporate sustainability in Nigerian firms. Consequently, it was recommended, among other things, that Nigerian firms should improve upon their compliance with corporate governance practices. In this regard, emphasis should be placed on optimal board size and independence of the board. Also, firms’ consideration of optimal board size should be guided by such factors as the requirements of the industry, firm’s age, operational size, knowledge and experience requirement; professional and technical expertise required to strategically give direction to the company, level of sophistication of the firm and other diversity criteria relative to the firm.

The Impact of Corporate Governance (CG) on Firm Performance: Evidence from Emerging Countries Banking Industry

The aim of the study to find if there is an impact caused by corporate governance (CG) on the firm performance (FP) using ROA as a measure. The study covered the listed 9 commercial banks in the Kuwait Stock Exchange. The period covered in this study is 10 years starting from 2011 until 2020. The study used the number of members of the board of directors (BoD), role duality of CEO and chairperson of the BoD and the number of women in the board of director as variables representing the CG. The data was processed and analyzed properly using regression model. The study concludes that there is significant relationship between (CG) and firm performance. Moreover, the variables of CG all have insignificant relationship with the ROA. Furthermore, the bank size which represent the total assets have significant positive relationship with the ROA. The researchers faced several limitations during the preparation of the study, a handful suggestions has been given for future researchers to overcome the limitation.

The Influence of Good Corporate Governance, Firm Size, and Operating Capacity on Financial Distress (Study of Retail Trade Sub-Sector Companies Listed on The Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2017-2022)

Financial distress is a situation that arises when a company has an unstable financial situation. If this condition continues, it will impact the company’s bankruptcy. This research aims to determine the influence of Good Corporate Governance, Firm Size, and Operating Capacity on Financial Distress in the retail trade sub-sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017-2022. The independent variables of Good Corporate Governance include the audit committee, board of commissioners, board of directors, managerial ownership, and institutional ownership. The research method uses a quantitative and associative approach. The population in this study was 27 companies with a sampling technique using purposive sampling, and 25 companies were obtained as samples, so 150 observation data were obtained. The data analysis technique in this research uses logistic regression analysis using IBM SPSS 25 software. The partial research results show that the audit committee, managerial ownership, institutional ownership, and firm size do not affect financial distress. The board of commissioners, board of directors, and operating capacity negatively affect financial distress. Simultaneously, Good Corporate Governance, Firm Size, and Operating Capacity influence financial distress. This research implies that companies must pay attention to the good corporate governance sub-variables related to the board of commissioners and board of directors because these sub-variables have been proven to influence financial distress. Apart from that, companies must also pay attention to their operating capacity because, in this research, this variable was proven to influence financial distress.

Faktor yang Memengaruhi Financial Performance pada Perusahaan Manufaktur dengan Peringkat PROPER

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence of the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility, Good Corporate Governance, Environmental Performance and company size on the company's Financial Performance. This study uses secondary data obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and processed using the Econometrics Vies (Eviews) version 12 program and Microsoft Excel 2018. The population in this study are manufacturing industrial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2017-2019 period which were PROPER participants during 2017-2019. The results of the study found that there was a positive and significant effect of the variables of social responsibility and company size on the company's Financial Performance. However, the study did not find any significant effect of the variables of corporate governance and environmental performance on the company's Financial Performance.

The Impact of Corporate Governance on Financial Performance in Professional Sports Clubs: The Case of Italian Serie A

This paper explores professional football clubs' corporate governance challenges, recognizing them as symptoms of a deeper management crisis. The need for more effective managerial practices within these organizations is evident in the prevailing issues. This study aims to assess how corporate governance quality impacts the profitability and sustainability of Italian Serie A football clubs. Through the analysis of governance variables and financial indicators from the 2018/2019 season, the research identifies crucial factors. These factors encompass the business model, board composition, board age, control bodies, and internal procedure transparency. The results highlight the significant influence of corporate governance variables on club performance and insolvency risk. Enhanced governance quality is associated with higher profitability and viability, even among clubs facing financial difficulties. These findings hold significance for academics, practitioners, and regulators interested in understanding corporate governance practices within the competitive soccer market and their impact on financial performance. Future research should expand the sample and incorporate a comparative analysis of major European football leagues, accounting for varying legal frameworks. Moreover, the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on the football industry must be considered in forthcoming investigations. The pandemic's financial consequences will likely differ based on each club's business model, international reputation, financial structure, and governance approach.

Does corporate governance spur bank intellectual capital in an emerging economy? A system GMM analysis from Ethiopia

PurposeThe current study aims to explore the impact of corporate governance (CG) mechanisms, as measured by board size, board meeting frequency, board gender diversity, number of board subcommittees, board remuneration, size of audit committee, and audit committee meeting frequency, on bank intellectual capital (as calculated by the modified value-added intellectual coefficient (M-VAIC) and its components (human capital efficiency (HCE), structural capital efficiency (SCE), and relational capital efficiency (SCE)).Design/methodology/approachPanel data is extracted from the financial and other internal reports of 14 commercial banks and the National Bank of Ethiopia for the period 2011–2022. A two-step system generalized method of moments (2SYS-GMM) was used to account for the unobserved endogeneity and heteroscedasticity problems.FindingsThe empirical findings suggest that board size and board meeting frequency have a negative and significant impact on all IC performance measures. Besides, audit committee size has a negative and significant effect on HCE, SCE, and M-VAIC of the banking industry in Ethiopia. Moreover, board remuneration has a significant positive relationship with IC efficiency (HCE, SCE, and M-VAIC). Also, audit committee meeting frequency has a positive and significant effect on the HCE of banks. However, board gender diversity and the number of board subcommittees have not made statistically significant contributions to IC performance.Research limitation/implicationThe study is limited in its use of seven dimensions of CG and future studies can use other alternative accounts for CG variables. Next, this study applies only to commercial banks; hence, future studies can include other financial as well as non-financial organizations such as insurance companies, microfinance institutions, manufacturing, and other sectors.Practical implicationsThis study contributes to helping the regulators and practitioners of the banking industry improve the existing standards and guidelines for CG practices to strengthen their IC performance. The findings may also give input for policymakers to integrate the intellectual capital in the decision-making process for policy formulation and implementation for the establishment of a robust banking sector.Originality/valueConsidering the modified value-added IC coefficient (M-VAIC) and 2SYS-GMM models, this research is the first study to analyze the relationships between CG and banks’ IC in Ethiopia.

Decoding tax management: The role of corporate governance mechanisms

While tax pressure remains a major concern in corporate management, it is legitimate to ask whether tax has always been among the core factors of corporate governance (Chytis et al., 2020). This study aims to examine the influence of corporate governance on tax management practices within Moroccan firms listed on the Casablanca Stock Exchange (CSE). Focusing on three dimensions of corporate governance — board composition, audit committee structure, and external audit quality — we employed multiple regression analysis on data spanning 2014–2019 from a sample of 48 listed firms, totaling 288 firm observations. Significantly, board size, chief executive officer (CEO) duality, and external audit quality are found to be pivotal factors shaping tax management practices. Other corporate governance variables, notably the independence of the board of directors and the structure of the audit committee, do not appear to exert a significant influence on the tax management of listed Moroccan companies. Our study is one of the few to have addressed the issue of tax management in the Moroccan context. Moreover, it may also serve as a fundamental resource for researchers exploring the complex dynamics of tax practices in the organizational context.

The impact of corporate governance on the financial performance of banks

The paper aimed to examine the impact of corporate governance on the financial performance of commercial banks in Jordan. The variables used to measure corporate governance were the board of directors' size, independent members of the board of directors, and the number of audit committee members, while those used to measure financial performance were return on investment, return on equity and earnings per share. The study used a quantitative approach based on the data of 12 commercial banks in Jordan during the period 2005-2022. The panel data were analyzed using the EViews software based on the ordinary least squares time series technique. The paper found the effect of all corporate governance variables on both return on investment and return on equity. However, it indicated that the board of directors' size and the independent members of the board of directors had an impact on earnings per share. This study highlighted corporate governance variables in one of the significant sectors of developing economies. Moreover, it recommended the need to review the principles used in selecting members of the audit committee for commercial banks in Jordan, due to their importance in developing long-term financial performance.

Family business: transparency in financial information from corporate governance practices

The studies on family businesses hold significance due to the imperative to understand their historical and current influence on regional and national economies globally. This article aims to identify and characterize governance practices in such businesses and determine their impact on crafting and presenting transparent financial information—a strategy that ensures sustainability. The study defines transparency by weaving in intricate factors of family business and bases its evaluation on management theory contributions and professionalization elements. Such an approach serves as a foundation to bolster the prevailing consolidation trends in these entities. The research adopts a case study methodology combined with a descriptive lens, incorporating fundamental aspects of explanatory and correlational research. Employing Pearson's correlation coefficient helped establish causal relationships and discern the interplay between variables, facilitated by a questionnaire. Analysis unveils a pronounced and contemporary correlation between corporate governance variables and financial transparency.

Does Corporate Governance Affect Intellectual Capital Disclosure Practices?

The current study empirically examines how Intellectual Capital Disclosure (ICD) practices and corporate governance (CG) variables relate to one another while taking firm-specific factors into consideration. The study focusses on a sample of 20 publicly traded companies from Bangladesh's three cognitively demanding industries. The association between ICD and CG is assessed by the study using regression modelling and content analysis. Higher levels of intellectual capital disclosure are positively correlated with variables including gender diversity, audit committees, directors' ownership, government ownership, and business size, according to the research. Conversely, there is an adverse association between ICD and board size, directors' independence, and industry connection. Furthermore, there was no discernible correlation between foreign influence and the level of intellectual capital disclosure by Bangladeshi listed companies.

Corporate governance determinants of capital structure: Evidence from manufacturing firms on the Ghana Stock Exchange

This study examines the impact of corporate governance determinants on the capital structure of manufacturing firms listed on the Ghana Stock Exchange (GSE). Using a purposive sampling of 15 manufacturing firms, we collect secondary data for 14 years. We employ a system generalized method of moments (GMM) approach to address endogeneity issues. Apart from firms using more short-term debt financing than long-term debt, we report a significant positive relationship between managerial and institutional ownership and capital structure. There is a statistically significant and positive relationship between ownership concentration on both the short- and long-term debt ratios. Regarding company financial management, the study offers several recommendations and practical implications. Our findings have implications for improved management performance and corporate governance policies that lead to value-relevant capital structure decisions. The study also provides empirical support for the idea that firms might benefit from reduced agency costs and lower cost of capital if they implement appropriate corporate governance mechanisms. We provide support for the agency and pecking order theories. Future research could consider broader corporate governance variables and optimal capital structure.

PENGARUH GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DAN LEVERAGE TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS

This research aims to examine the influence of Good Corporate Governance and leverage on profitability. In this research, the Good Corporate Governance variable is measured by the board of directors, independent commissioners and audit committee, while the leverage variable is measured by the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER). This type of research is quantitative research because it uses an approach that emphasizes data analysis. The sampling technique used a purposive sampling method, namely the researcher determined the sample based on predetermined criteria and obtained a sample of 186 data from 62 companies in the basic industrial and chemical sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) during the 2020-2022 period. The analytical methods used are descriptive statistical analysis, classical assumption testing, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing. The research results show that the audit committee has no effect on profitability, independent commissioners have a positive and significant effect on profitability, the board of directors has a positive and significant effect on profitability, and leverage has a positive and significant effect on profitability

Earnings management and corporate governance during COVID-19: Evidence from the European capital market

The objective of this paper is to analyse the impact of COVID-19 on the earnings manipulation of firms and whether corporate governance has a mitigating effect. The methodological approach consists of two steps: in the first stage, a pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model has been implemented to compute the earnings management proxies, whereas in the second stage panel data regression analysis has been adopted to test the effects of corporate governance variables on the earnings management proxies themselves. Using data from STOXX Europe 600 as a proxy for the European capital market, it is found that the level of companies’ earnings manipulation increased during the pandemic. In particular, companies have engaged in more accounting and real earnings management (REM) practices. The findings show that a larger board helps to mitigate the positive relationship between COVID-19 and earnings manipulation, whereas no mitigating effect for board independence, board diversity and chief executive officer (CEO) duality has been found. In addition, an industry analysis has been developed both for robustness purposes and in order to check which sectors have been most and least affected by the pandemic. In particular, the findings show how the most affected industries reported a higher level of earnings management, resulting in a worse reporting quality. This paper provides additional evidence on the impact of COVID-19 on earnings management using a strong multi-country level governance setting. The results of this study provide useful suggestions for business practice, investors and policymakers.

A Comprehensive Examination of Corporate Governance's Impact on the Cost of Equity: Evidence from Pakistani Non-Financial Listed Firms

Purpose: This study explores the intricate relationships between various corporate governance variables and the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) as a proxy for the cost of equity for non-financial firms listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) during the period from 2011 to 2020.
 Design/Methodology/Approach: Employing a convenience sampling approach and fixed effects regression to account for unobserved heterogeneity, the research discerns both significant and non-significant associations, offering insights into the unique dynamics of the Pakistani financial landscape.
 Findings: Notable findings include direct and statistically significant association between BETA and CAPM, as well as the influential role of CEO duality. The Coefficient of Variation (CV), Earnings Before Interest and Taxes (EBIT), and governance-related factors like the governance index and insider ownership exhibit significant associations with CAPM. Conversely, board size, board independence, market-to-book ratio (MBR), and market debt ratio do not show statistically significant impacts on the cost of equity.
 Implications/Originality/Value These nuanced results contribute valuable insights for financial decision-makers and policymakers operating within the specific context of the PSX.

What Drives the Impact of Corporate Governance on Firm Value? Evidence from Earnings Management at Indonesian Sharia Stock Index (ISSI)

Purpose: This study sought empirical evidence on the impact of corporate governance as proxied by the board of commissioner's size, managerial ownership, and audit quality on firm value using earnings management as an intervening variable in energy sector companies indexed by the ISSI and listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2014 to 2022. Methodology: This study uses purposive sampling technique and panel data, resulting in 171 selected sample data units that will be processed using eviews. Findings: Managerial ownership, audit quality, and earnings management all have a significant and beneficial impact on firm value. However, the board of commissioners has a negative impact. Aside from that, the board of commissioners's size and managerial ownership do not affect earnings management, but audit quality has a negative effect. Earnings management as an intervening variable influences corporate governance variables. Novelty: This research attempts to provide a novel viewpoint on how political instability in a country can affect the investment climate in the Indonesian energy sector, which has received little attention previously. This study also acknowledges the inconsistency of previous research findings regarding the relationship between corporate governance and firm value, paving the way for incorporating earnings management variables as mediators and ultimately contributing to our understanding of the complex dynamics between these elements.

Unveiling the Nexus: Exploring the Impact of Corporate Governance on the Financial Performance of Acquiring Companies in the Indian Context

This study investigates the effect of corporate governance characteristics on the financial performance of 124 listed Indian companies that have undergone mergers and acquisitions between 2014 and 2020. It employs several performance measures, such as short-term capital market performance, long-term capital market performance, accounting- and market-based measures, and firm-level control factors. The study finds board size to be a positive and significant factor affecting short-term market performance. Furthermore, it also documents weak linkages with other corporate governance variables, such as board independence and CEO duality. Regarding control variables, leverage, company age, price-to-book ratio, and research and development expenses significantly impact acquiring companies’ financial returns. The findings add to our understanding of corporate governance’s impact on performance in cases such as mergers and acquisitions.

The Impact of Corporate Governance and Ownership Structure on The Level Of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure of Listed Manufacturing Companies on The Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange – Vietnam

Purpose: The study has provided an overview of the theoretical foundation and empirical evidence on the impact of corporate governance on the level of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure among listed manufacturing companies on the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange in 2021, utilizing secondary data from 118 manufacturing firms. Theoretical framework: In accordance with Agency Theory, the Separation of Ownership and Management, and the Stakeholder Theory, this study aims to investigate the influence of corporate governance characteristics on the extent of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure in the manufacturing sector. Results and conclusion: The quantitative research model is constructed with five corporate governance factors and one control variable related to company characteristics, including the board size, the proportion of female members in the board, the proportion of independent board members, the foreign ownership ratio, the state ownership ratio, and the company size. The results from the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analysis indicate that the majority of the corporate governance variables are correlated with the level of CSR disclosure, except for the proportion of independent board members. Research implications: The study suggests managerial implications to help businesses recognize the importance of corporate governance in CSR disclosure, aiming to enhance reputation and attract investments. Originality/value: Additionally, the results also demonstrate that company-specific factors, such as company size and financial leverage, significantly impact the company's profitability.

Factors affecting the implementation of earnings management practices - case study: companies indexed in the capital market (Indonesia Stock Exchange)

The purpose of this study is to further understand what factors can affect the implementation of a Profit Management action in a company entity, especially those listed in the Capital Market of the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This research will adopt a qualitative approach with a literature review method where researchers will review and observe what factors might affect the implementation of profit management practices in companies engaged in several different types of sectors. The results will be presented using the literature study data analysis method. The results obtained by the researchers after carrying out a series of related procedures include; For manufacturing companies, profit management is not affected by financial distress in the 2016-2019 period, but financial distress actually affects profit management when entering the Covid-19 pandemic period accompanied by the influence of the accompanying Good Corporate Governance variables. In companies engaged in the infrastructure, utilities, and transportation sectors show financial distress and free cash flow have a significant effect on profit management, then in mining sector companies financial distress affects profit management but not the audit committee on profit management. Finally, in pharmaceutical companies, financial distress does not affect profit management, but variable leverage affects the implementation of profit management, and if leverage is accompanied by financial distress, it can have a significant effect on profit management.