Variation In Relative Abundance Research Articles

Microbial Ecology and Nutritional Features in Liquid Sourdough Containing Hemp Flour Fermented by Lactic Acid Bacterial Strains

Hemp seed flour (Cannabis sativa) is a non-traditional matrix alternative to wheat for baked goods production. The aim of this study was to investigate the microbiota of two liquid sourdoughs (SLs) based on hemp or a wheat–hemp mixture, before and after spontaneous or piloted fermentation (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ITM21B or Weissella cibaria C43-11 used as starters). Culture-dependent and -independent (high-throughput sequencing of bacterial phylogenetic V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene) methods, were used to evaluate the microbial community. The effect of fermentation on the content of bioactive molecules (polyphenols, organic acids, proteins, and amino acids) was also investigated. Results indicated that the microbial community of all SLs was mainly (99.7 ÷ 100%) composed of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, and the latter was the unique phylum before fermentation in formulations produced exclusively with hemp flour. Two PCoA plots (Test adonis with pseudo-F ratio, p > 0.05) showed no significance difference between the microbial communities of the formulations. However, the relative abundance variation at the family level in the wheat–hemp-based mixture SLs showed a significant enrichment of the Lactobacillaceae family (Kruskal–Wallis test, p = 0.04). Moreover, results confirmed hemp seed flour as a suitable fermentation substrate to obtain microbial consortia allowing for an increase in organic acids, especially lactic acid (9.12 ± 1.22 and 7.45 ± 0.75 mmol/kg with Lpb. plantarum and W. cibaria, respectively), in both piloted fermentations, and in polyphenols by 21% and amino acids by 158% in SL fermented by the C43-11 strain.

Environmental history of Lake Mariout at the ‘Marea’/Philoxenite archeological site, northern Egypt, during the Hellenistic–early Islamic periods as seen by fossil diatoms

ABSTRACTDiatom analysis of sediments obtained from five cores drilled in Lake Mariout and the ‘Marea’/Philoxenite archeological site southwest of Alexandria, Egypt, allows us to reconstruct the lake's environmental history during the Hellenistic–early Islamic periods. The distribution pattern and the variation in relative abundance of recognized diatoms differentiated each core section into characteristic zones. These zones are interrupted by periods of poor preservation or non‐diatom deposition that coincide with fluctuating lake phases of freshwater flooding of the Nile during humid warm episodes and arid phases associated with a reduction in the Nile's water influx that provides Lake Mariout with fresh water. A rising water level of Lake Mariout is estimated from the great abundance of riverine, planktonic Aulacoseira species. A lowering of water level was linked to a high abundance of brackish water taxa and/or periods of non‐diatom deposition. Furthermore, the absence of diatoms at two intervals in Core 1 is associated with silty clay with an abundance of gypsum crystals which point to falling water lake levels with increasing temperature during dry periods. However, the intervals of poor preservation or no diatoms in other cores at ‘Marea’/Philoxenite are presumably related to the coarser nature of the sediment that indicate a major lake level lowstand, a high‐energy depositional environment together with increased salinity and alkalinity. By comparing the diatom data in the examined cores, it is clear that the Aulacoseira granulata assemblage zone is characteristic of the Roman and Byzantine periods, which reflects relatively rising water levels due to Nile water inflow via the Canopic Nile branch and thus the connection between the canal and lake during this time. Furthermore, the predominance of Aulacoseira granulata with some pollution‐tolerant taxa indicates extensive human occupation during the Roman–Byzantine periods, which is evidenced by increased nutrient concentration with higher input of humic substances due to human activities and their influence on the lake ecosystem.

Adaptation of Archaeal Communities to Summer Hypoxia in the Sediment of Bohai Sea.

Understanding the adaptation of archaea to hypoxia is essential for deciphering the functions and mechanisms of microbes when suffering environmental changes. However, the dynamics and responses of archaea to the sedimentary hypoxia in Bohai Sea are still unclear. In this study, the diversity, composition, and distribution of archaeal community in sediment along an inshore-offshore transect across the oxygen-depleted area in the Bohai Sea were investigated in June, July, and August of 2021 by employing high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. Results indicated that the archaeal communities were dominated by Thermoproteota (80.61%), Asgardarchaeota (8.70%), and Thermoplasmatota (5.27%). Dissolved oxygen (DO) and NO3 - were the two key factors shaping the distribution of archaeal communities, accounting for 49.5% and 38.3% of the total variabilities (p < 0.05), respectively. With the intensity of oxygen depletion, the diversity of archaeal communities increased significantly. Microbial networks revealed that Bathyarchaeia played a key role in interacting with both bacteria and other archaeal groups. Furthermore, adaptions to hypoxia of archaea were also displayed by variation in relative abundance of the predicted ecological functions and the metabolic pathways. The enrichment of specific nitrogen transformation enzymes showed the potential for nitrogen fixation and removal, which might contribute to the balance of N budget and thus facilitate the ecological restoration under eutrophication in Bohai Sea. Our results provided a new picture on ecological and metabolic adaptions to hypoxia by archaea, which will be beneficial to further investigations in extreme environments both theoretically and practically.

Spatiotemporal variation in population size and relative abundance of Kalij pheasant (Lophura leucomelanos) in scrub forest.

Most species of pheasants (Galliformes: Phasianidae) occur in Asia. In Pakistan, pheasants occur from 245-3050 m in altitude, and one of these, the Kalij pheasant (Lophura leucomelanos) is a large-bodied, brightly-colored habitat quality indicator species. The present study was designed to determine spatiotemporal variation, population size, and the relative abundance of Kalij pheasants in Haripur, Pakistan. The line transects and point count methods were used to collect direct (physical observations) and indirect signs (feathers and calls) to avoid double counting. Twenty field surveys were conducted along 16 transects with an area of 0.811 km2 in 4 study sites to quantify habitat utilization of Kalij pheasant. Kalij pheasant activities were observed at the start of dawn (0600 hours to 0730 hours) and ended by 1630 hours to 1800 hours dusk period with only a few sightings during the middle of the day. Study sites were selected based on confirmation of presence signs. Twenty-seven individuals with direct (16) and indirect (feather = 5, calls = 6) signs were encountered while walking along line transects. Twelve signs were counted (sightings = 3, Calls = 9) within the radius of 11-50 m in the point count method. Results showed that the Kalij pheasant occupied scrub forest with dense vegetation between 500-1100m away. The mean encounter rate of the Kalij pheasant was 0.82/km, which was higher from July to September. The sex ratio (1.17) is biased toward males in the overall population of Kalij pheasants. The estimated mean density of the Kalij pheasant in Haripur was 6.97 animals/km2, and the total abundance was 142 individuals. New potential sites may be identified and declared as protected areas, and awareness and support of the local community are recommended for the protection and management of the Kalij pheasant.

Fusobacterium sphaericum sp. nov., isolated from a human colon tumor adheres to colonic epithelial cells and induces IL-8 secretion

ABSTRACT Cancerous tissue is a largely unexplored microbial niche that provides a unique environment for the colonization and growth of specific bacterial communities, and with it, the opportunity to identify novel bacterial species. Here, we report distinct features of a novel Fusobacterium species, F. sphaericum sp. nov. (Fs), isolated from primary colon adenocarcinoma tissue. We acquire the complete closed genome and associated methylome of this organism and phylogenetically confirm its classification into the Fusobacterium genus, with F. perfoetens as its closest neighbor. Fs is phenotypically and genetically distinct, with morphological analysis revealing its coccoid shape, that while similar to F. perfoetens is rare for most Fusobacterium members. Fs displays a metabolic profile and antibiotic resistance repertoire consistent with other Fusobacterium species. In vitro, Fs has adherent and immunomodulatory capabilities, as it intimately associates with human colon cancer epithelial cells and promotes IL-8 secretion. An analysis of the prevalence and abundance of Fs in > 20,000 human metagenomic samples shows that it is a rarely detected member within human stool with variable relative abundance, found in both healthy controls and patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Our study sheds light on a novel bacterial species isolated directly from the human CRC tumor niche and given its in vitro interaction with cancer epithelial cells suggests that its role in human health and disease warrants further investigation.

Same, but different: Variations in fragment ions among stereoisomers of a 17α-methyl steroid in gas chromatography/electron ionization mass spectrometry.

Gas chromatography/electron ionization mass spectrometry (GC/EI-MS) is a well-established tool for the identification of unknown compounds such as new metabolites of xenobiotics. But it reaches the limits of confident structural assignment if it comes to stereoisomers. This work helps to overcome this difficulty by getting a deeper comprehension of composition of so far unspecific and also characteristic fragment ions in general and comparison among stereoisomers. Unit mass resolution mass spectra of various isotopologues of four 17α-methyl steroid diastereomers obtained by selectively introducing [2H9]-trimethylsilyl (TMS) groups or chemical syntheses were systematically compared. The impact of stereochemistry on variations of relative abundances has been assessed by statistical comparison from repeated measurements. Additionally, characterization of m/z 318 with high-resolution MS using gas chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight MS (GC/QTOF-MS) was performed. The formation of fragment ions from TMS-derivatives after cleavage of methyl or TMS groups ([M-CH3]+, [M-TMSOH]•+, [M-CH3-TMSOH]+, [M-2x90]•+, [M-2x90-CH3]+) rarely arises from only one position in the molecule and composition of fragment ion signals is highly influenced by the stereochemistry of the A-ring at C3 and C5 of the steroid. Similarly, the formation of the characteristic fragment ion m/z 143 most likely consists of two different ways of formation. A possible structure for fragment ion m/z 318 was postulated. Stereoisomers showed differing fragmentation behaviors based on their configuration. These observations further illustrate that variations among stereoisomers in EI-MS fragmentation is no random underlying process but instead a pattern which needs to be understood in its complexity. This easily accessible technical approach can be applied on different molecule structures to further investigate the field of isomeric assignment in GC/EI-MS.

Stochastic trade-offs and the emergence of diversification in E. coli evolution experiments

Laboratory experiments with bacterial colonies under well-controlled conditions often lead to evolutionary diversification, where at least two ecotypes emerge from an initially monomorphic population. Empirical evidence suggests that such an “evolutionary branching” occurs stochastically, even under fixed and stable conditions. This stochasticity is characterized by (i) the occurrence of branching in a significant fraction, but not all, of the experimental settings, (ii) the emergence at widely varying times, and (iii) variable relative abundances of the resulting subpopulations across experiments. Theoretical approaches to understanding evolutionary branching under these conditions have been previously developed within the (deterministic) framework of “adaptive dynamics.” Here, we advance the understanding of the stochastic nature of evolutionary outcomes by introducing the concept of “stochastic trade-offs” as opposed to “hard” ones. The key idea is that the stochasticity of mutations occurs in a high-dimensional trait space and this translates into variability that is constrained to a flexible tradeoff curve in a lower-dimensional space. By incorporating this additional source of stochasticity, we are able to account for the observed empirical variability and make predictions regarding the likelihood of evolutionary branching under different experimental conditions. This approach effectively bridges the gap between theoretical predictions and empirical observations, providing insights into when and how evolutionary branching is more likely to occur in laboratory experiments. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Variation in Relative Abundance of Small Mammal Species Caught in Two Different Ecosystems and Implicated in the Spread of Emerging Pathogens in Mali

Background: Small rodents and insectivores are potential reservoirs of many pathogens transmissible to humans, such as bacteria, parasites and viruses responsible for epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in West Africa. Few studies on small mammal species in West Africa are available. Our previous findings from a study investigating emerging pathogens in two localities in Mali has determined the prevalence of pathogens in small mammals (rodents and insectivores). We used the data collected from this small mammal population with different eco-climatic characteristics to test hypothesis that small mammal distribution in different eco-climatic settings could explain the diversity and frequency of pathogens they carry. Methods: Sessions of trapping were carried out in December 2016 in Faladjè and Bougouni with “Besançon tous services” (BTS) wire mesh traps baited with peanut butter and/or onion. All animals captured were identified morphologically. Results: Out of 123 small rodents and insectivores captured over 674 trap-nights, 75 (60.97%) were from Faladjè and 48 (39.02%) from Bougouni. Of these, six species of small rodents belonged to the family Muridae (Mastomys erythroleucus, Mastomys natalensis, Rattus rattus, Praomys daltoni, Gerbilliscus gambianus, Taterillus gracilis) and two species of insectivores associated with the genus Crocidura spp. belonged to the family Soricidae and Erinaceidae (Crocidura cf olivieri and Atelerix cf albiventris), respectively. There is low species diversity within these two areas, but the variation in relative abundance is significant (binomial test, p ˂ 0.05) between Faladjè and Bougouni. Mastomys erythroleucus was the most dominant species (57.33%, 43/75) in Faladjè, while R. rattus dominated (37.5%,18/48) in Bougouni. Conclusions: These two species of small mammals potentially involved in the transmission of bacteria, parasites and pathogenic viruses to humans are differently present in two distinct eco-climatic areas in Mali.

Variability of the Microbiota in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Scoping Review.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is characterized by a persistent inflammation of the nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa that could be potentially linked to a dysregulation between the microbiota and the immune system. We aim to explore general, methodological, and microbiological aspects of microbiota research in CRS compared to disease-free individuals. Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. All studies comparing the composition of the resident microbiota of the sinonasal cavities in 2 groups: CRS and normal participants. We conducted systematic study selection, data extraction, and analysis first using the title and abstract, and then the full texts based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Compiled and presented findings include sampling site and technique, and microbiological results such as the relative abundance and the variability of the composition of the microbiota in both groups. Twenty-seven studies, using genomic identification with 16s RNA were analyzed. Case definitions primarily followed EPOS or AAO-HNS guidelines, with endoscopic swabs (82%), and middle meatus sampling (74%) being prevalent techniques. Despite relative abundance variability, patterns emerged across studies, indicating an increase in Haemophilus (19%) and Pseudomonas (11%), and decrease in Propionibacterium (15%) and Anaerococcus (11%). Another pattern was observed, showing a decreased alpha diversity (6/19; 22%) in CRS compared to normal individuals. While variations exist among studies, analysis of CRS microbiota suggests an association with dysbiosis, potentially contributing to chronic inflammation. Future research must prioritize standardized criteria for diagnostics and patient selection, fostering a more comprehensive understanding of CRS microbiota.

Butterflies, bumblebees and hoverflies are equally effective pollinators of Knautia arvensis (Caprifoliaceae), a generalist plant species with compound inflorescences

AbstractPlant‐pollinator interactions exist along a continuum from complete specialisation to highly generalised, that may vary in time and space. A long‐held assumption is that large bees are usually the most effective pollinators of generalist plants. We tested this by studying the relative importance of different groups of pollinators of Knautia arvensis (L.) Coult. (Caprifoliaceae: Dipsacoideae). This plant is suitable for such a study because it attracts a diversity of flower visitors, belonging to different functional groups. We asked whether all functional groups of pollinators are equally effective, or if one group is most effective, which has been documented in other species with apparently generalised pollination systems. We studied two subpopulations of K. arvensis, one at low and one at high density in Northampton, UK. To assess pollinator importance we exposed unvisited inflorescences to single visits by different groups of pollinators (butterflies, bumblebees, hoverflies and others) and assessed the proportion of pollinated stigmas. We then multiplied the effectiveness of each pollinator group with their proportional visitation frequency in five different years. For each group we also compared time spent on flowers and flight distance between visits. The relative importance of each pollinator group varied between years, as did their flight distances between flower visits. Butterflies were the best pollinators on a per visit basis (in terms of the proportion of stigmas pollinated) and flew further after visiting an inflorescence. Different measures and proxies of pollinator effectiveness varied between taxa, subpopulations, and years, and no one group of pollinators was consistently more effective than the others. Our results demonstrate the adaptive value of generalised pollination strategies when variation in relative abundance of different types of pollinators is considered. Such strategies may have buffered the ability of plants to reproduce during past periods of environmental change and may do so in the future.

Lessons learned during a 12-year monitoring project with the endangered Magdalena River turtle (Podocnemis lewyana): hunting pressure, habitat degradation, and methodological considerations

Turtle species in the Family Podocnemididae, including the Colombian endemic and critically endangered Magdalena River Turtle Podocnemis lewyana, characteristically present low recapture rates that preclude estimation of population parameters using maximum likelihood modeling. In our 12-year monitoring project with this species, we evaluated changes in relative abundances, proportions of sex/size classes, and individual body sizes and body conditions in a population in four channels in the middle Magdalena River drainage. We also inspected for associations between trends in changes in these variables and differences in hunting pressure and habitat degradation. To inspect for temporal and spatial demographic dynamics, we estimated variation in relative abundances using the Catch Per Unit Effort index, the total number of turtles captured over an entire 5-day sampling period using ten baited funnel traps. Relative abundances and the proportions of sex/size classes were different between sites and years. We found a significant decline in the proportion of females and juveniles over time, along with evidence that the females still present were smaller in body size. Our results support the hypothesis that hunting eliminates adult females from these sites, perhaps also translating into a reduction in recruitment. The lack of evidence of generalized declines in body condition of all size classes suggests that habitat degradation might contribute less to the population declines in this region. Our results also illustrate that even when recapture rates are low, monitoring turtles via standardized trapping may yield insights into the population’s conservation status that other relative abundance indices cannot.

Comparison of Juvenile Pacific Salmon abundance, distribution, and body condition between Western and Eastern Bering Sea using spatiotemporal models

Comparison of Juvenile Pacific Salmon abundance, distribution, and body condition between Western and Eastern Bering Sea using spatiotemporal models

A New Rare Halogenated Depside from Lichen and Study of its Anti-Proliferative Activity.

Lichens are a symbiotic association of algae and fungus, belonging to the family Parmeliaceae. Some lichen species are edible and used as an active ingredient for preparation of exotic spices as well as folklore medicine to cure different kinds of ailments. A specimen of lichen was collected from Munner in the Kerala State of South India for chemical profiling. Chemical analyses of the diethyl ether extract of the defatted lichen led to the isolation of six phenols 1-6 with variation of relative abundance. Amongst them, the relative abundance of compound 3 was the greatest (1 % of crude extract) and it was identified as atranorin. The structures of known compounds were confirmed by comparison of their 1H-NMR, 13C NMR, and mass data with published values available in the literature. In vitro bioassay for anti-proliferative activity of these compounds has been conducted against various human cancer cell lines in comparison with paclitaxel as control using SRB assay. Interestingly, a new compound 5 was found along with previously reported compounds from this lichen. This new compound was designated as fluoroatranorin 5 which was reported for the first time herein. The structural characterization of a new depside was determined by spectral methods such as 1H-NMR, 13C NMR, 19F NMR, IR, LC-HRESI-MS, and LC-MS/MS study. Its structure was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction study. This new compound was designated as fluoroatranorin 5 which was reported first time herein. Anti-proliferative activity of all these compounds was evaluated against six different cancer cell lines. The inhibitory activity, IC50 value of compounds 1-3 and 5 exhibited at 99.64, 102.04, 109.20, 53.0 and 2.4 μM on cancer cell lines HT-29 (colon), Hela (cervical), HT-29, HPAC (pancreas) and A2780 (ovarian cancer cell line) respectively in comparison with paclitaxel as control. The new compound 5 exhibited significant activity with IC50 value 2.4 μM on A2780 ovarian cancer cell line.

Imprints of ecological processes in the taxonomic core community: an analysis of naturally replicated microbial communities enclosed in oil.

It is widely assumed that a taxonomic core community emerges among microbial communities from similar habitats because similar environments select for the same taxa bearing the same traits. Yet, a core community itself is no indicator of selection because it may also arise from dispersal and neutral drift, i.e. by chance. Here, we hypothesize that a core community produced by either selection or chance processes should be distinguishable. While dispersal and drift should produce core communities with similar relative taxon abundances, especially when the proportional core community, i.e. the sum of the relative abundances of the core taxa, is large, selection may produce variable relative abundances. We analyzed the core community of 16S rRNA gene sequences of 193 microbial communities occurring in tiny water droplets enclosed in heavy oil from the Pitch Lake, Trinidad and Tobago. These communities revealed highly variable relative abundances along with a large proportional core community (68.0 ± 19.9%). A dispersal-drift null model predicted a negative relationship of proportional core community and compositional variability along a range of dispersal probabilities and was largely inconsistent with the observed data, suggesting a major role of selection for shaping the water droplet communities in the Pitch Lake.

Seasonal changes of ammonia-oxidizing bacterial communities during tropical forest restoration

In this study, we used a high-throughput sequencing technology to survey the dry-wet seasonal change characteristics of soil ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) communities in the three restoration stages [i.e., Mallotus paniculatus community (early stage), Millettia leptobotrya community (middle stage), and Syzygium oblatum community (later stage)] of Xishuangbanna tropical forest ecosystems. We analyzed the effects of soil physicochemical characteristics on AOB community composition and diversity during tropical forest restoration. The results showed that tropical forest restoration significantly affected the relative abundance of dominant AOB phyla and their dry-wet seasonal variation. The maximum relative abundance of Proteobacteria (71.3%) was found in the early recovery stage, while that of Actinobacteria was found in the late recovery stage (1.0%). The abundances of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria had the maximum ranges of dry-wet seasonal variation in the early and late stages, respectively. The abundance of dominant AOB genera and its dry-wet seasonal variation varied across tropical forest restoration stages. The maximum average relative abundance of Nitrosospira and Nitrosomonas in the late recovery stage was 66.2% and 1.5%, respectively. In contrast, the abundance of Nitrosovibrio reached its maximum (25.6%) in the early recovery stage. The maximum dry-wet seasonal variation in relative abundance of Nitrosospira and Nitrosomonas occurred in the early recovery stage, while that of Nitrosovibrio occurred in the middle recovery stage. The Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson diversity indices of AOB communities increased along the restoration stages, which were significantly higher in the wet season than in the dry season. The results of canonical correspondence analysis showed that soil easily oxidized carbon was the main factor controlling AOB community diversity and Actinobacteria abundance. Soil bulk density and temperature were the main factors affecting Proteobacteria abundance. Soil pH, microbial biomass carbon, water content, ammonium nitrogen, bulk density, and temperature were the main factors controlling the abundances of Nitrosospira, Nitrosomonas, and Nitrosovibrio. Therefore, tropical forest restoration can regulate the change of relative abundance of dominant AOB taxa via mediating the changes of soil temperature, bulk density, and readily oxidized carbon, leading to an increase in soil AOB community diversity.

Mechanisms Involved in the Antihypertensive Effects of Arbequina Table Olives

The Mediterranean Diet is associated with antihypertensive properties and prevention of cardiovascular disease. This dietary pattern includes the intake of Olea europaea L. derivatives such as extra virgin olive oil and table olives, characterized by a high content of bioactive compounds. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the supplementation of Arbequina table olives (AO) reduces blood pressure (BP) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The aim of the present study was to elucidate the possible mechanisms involved in the antihypertensive effects of AO. Consequently, we have studied different plasmatic biomarkers (angiotensin II, Ang II; malondialdehyde, MDA; interleukin 6, IL6; tumor necrosis factor α, TNFα) and the fecal microbiota composition. Experiments were performed using male SHR from 14 to 21 weeks of age. SHR strain was divided into a control (SHR-c) and a treated group (SHR-o) that received water or AO (3.85 g/kg) by gavage, respectively. At the end of the experiment, BP was measured using a non-invasive automatic analyzer; Ang II, IL6, and TNFα were determined by Elisa, and MDA by spectrophotometric analysis. Fecal microbiota was analyzed by sequencing 16S rRNA gene using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Data were analyzed by t-Student or the Mann–Whitney U test, and statistical significance was considered when p&lt;0.05. AO supplementation decreased systolic and diastolic BP by approximately 19 mmHg in SHR-o with respect to SHR-c. The decrement in BP was accompanied by a decrease in MDA (39%) and Ang II (32%) in SHR-o without changes in the concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokines IL6 and TNFα. Moreover, regular AO intake induced changes in the microbiota associated with the normalization of BP. Our results showed variations in relative abundance in genera such as Akkermansia, Sutterella, and Peptoniphilus, that were well correlated with the decrease in BP, MDA, and Ang II. In conclusion, OA supplementation reduced oxidative stress and Ang II associated with changes in the fecal microbiota that may explain the antihypertensive effect elicited by consumption of the fruit of Olea europaea L. Supported by grants AGL2013-41188 &amp; 2021SGR300. INSA Maria de Maeztu Unit of Excellence grant CEX2021-001234-M. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Ecological impact of mechanical cleaning method to curb black stain alterations on Paleolithic cave walls

Ecological impact of mechanical cleaning method to curb black stain alterations on Paleolithic cave walls

Effect of storage on microbioa and enzyme proteomic profile of low-temperature Daqu

Effect of storage on microbioa and enzyme proteomic profile of low-temperature Daqu

Phenotypic plasticity, and temporal and spatial variation in the relative abundance of lentic brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, across Ontario.

Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) are a highly prized species found in lakes and streams throughout Ontario. A broadscale monitoring program (BsM) has been conducted in lakes throughout the province, in 5-year cycles, which targets Salvelinus fontinalis populations. The objective of this study was to use the data gained from the BsM and establish a contemporary baseline on the variation of relative abundance and demographics of natural lake populations of S. fontinalis in Ontario. Additionally, given the variability in environmental conditions across the landscape, an objective was to assess the factors, abiotic and biotic, that influence relative abundance among waterbodies. Over the three BsM cycles (2008-2022), 273 S. fontinalis waterbodies were assessed, some multiple times, and 124 were unique populations. S. fontinalis were sampled in 112 of these unique lakes. In total, 7487 S. fontinalis were caught and 5372 were fully sampled (length, weight, and age assessed). The mean catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) in all waterbodies was 1.4 (0.12 standard error) S. fontinalis per net gang. There was not a significant trend in CPUE over the three BsM cycles nor did CPUE vary significantly among BsM cycles at the provincial scale, but CPUE varied significantly among fisheries management zones (FMZs). Multiple variables were examined to explain the variation in CPUE across the province; a negative association with species diversity was the only variable considered significant. Furthermore, S. fontinalis were more associated with the relative abundance of small cyprinids (i.e., chubs and shiners) and negatively associated with centrarchids, smelt, and other game species. Mean growth potential was greater for males than females but not significantly, whereas longevity favored females. Growth potential and parameters were similar between sexes within FMZs but varied among FMZs. Mean survival among these populations was 25.7%, ranging from 15.2% to 45.6%, with a mean instantaneous mortality of 1.41. This study provided a contemporary assessment of the current range and variability in relative abundance population dynamics of S. fontinalis in lakes within Ontario. This provides a benchmark to assess changes with the pending stressors of climate change and human expansion across the landscape.

Exploring the bladder tissue microbiome in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer using 2bRAD-M sequencing

Abstract Objectives The 2bRAD sequencing for Microbiome (2bRAD-M) represents an innovative and streamlined approach for the reconstruction of microbial profiles at the species level. In our investigation, we conducted 2bRAD-M analysis to characterize the microbiome of bladder tissue in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Methods 15 tumor tissues and 15 paired para-carcinoma tissues were obtained from the bladder excised during surgery. 2bRAD-M sequencing was used to assess the abundance of microorganisms in samples. Results The microbial community structure and biodiversity, as assessed at varying taxonomic ranks, exhibited a high degree of similarity between the tumor and paired non-tumor tissues. At the genus level, we observed a notably elevated abundance of Brachybacterium and Haloparvum, coupled with a diminished abundance of Anoxybacillus, Anoxybacillu_A, Deinococcus, NCEH01, and Pseudoxanthomonas_A in the tumor tissues. Meanwhile, at the species level, the non-tumor tissues exhibited an enrichment of Anoxybacillus_A rupiensis, Anoxybacillus flavithermus_G, Klebsiella quasipneumoniae, NCEH01 sp002304505, and Pseudoxanthomonas_A sp004284195. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) identified 29 discriminative features, characterized by significant variations (p&lt;0.5, LDA≥2.0) in relative abundance between the two groups. Furthermore, an analysis of functional predictions utilizing Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States 2 (PICRUSt2) also uncovered disparities in the microbial functional composition. Conclusions This study identified several microorganisms that exhibit differences between MIBC tumor tissue and adjacent non-tumor tissue using 2bRAD-M sequencing, providing some insights into the potential association between the bladder microbiome and cancer.