Variable Path Research Articles

A thermal elastic visco-plastic model for soft clayey soils

It is frequently observed that the stress–strain behaviour of soft clayey soils is affected by temperature changes. Development and verification of a reliable constitutive model with consideration of variable temperature conditions are necessary. Due to the significant rheological and other nonlinear properties of clayey soils, the coupled effects of temperature, time dependency, structuration, nonlinear creep, and anisotropy should be considered in the constitutive model. In this study, a new three-dimensional (3D) thermal elastic visco-plastic model is established and verified for the time-dependent stress–strain behaviour of clayey soils considering temperature changes. The model is developed based on the existing elastic visco-plastic models with the equivalent time concept, the overstress theory, and the critical state model. The thermal elastic line and virgin heating line are introduced and generalized to construct constitutive equations for both thermal elastic and thermal visco-plastic behaviour of clayey soils in general stress conditions. After establishing the 3D basic model, further refinement is introduced to consider the nonlinear creep behaviour and structuration for natural and reconstituted clayey soils. Finally, the model is successfully validated by a series of laboratory test data on different clayey soils under variable temperature paths with reasonably good accuracy.

Heterogeneity of hydrological connectivity in coral limestone groundwater pool from vertical, spatial and temporal tracing of groundwater chemicals and isotopes

Carbonate aquifers are critical for the health and well-being of human communities. Despite considerable efforts on the structure of karst aquifers, the variable and invisible flow paths or the vertical and spatial heterogeneity of karst systems remain too complex to be fully understood. An artificially constructed small limestone aquifer with an extensive network of observation wells in the Miyako Island, Japan, provides a unique opportunity to illustrate the vertical and spatial hydrological connectivity for water movement and storage. Water chemical data at two different depths over six years, including electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), oxidation–reduction potential (ORP), major ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42−, and HCO3−), δ18O and δ2H capture water mixing processes during groundwater recharge in the aquifer influenced by irrigation pumping and recharge by precipitations throughout drying and wetting cycles. Results suggest that the intensive weathering of coral limestone under the impact of agricultural fertilization, as indicated by high EC values and high concentrations of Ca2+ and HCO3−. The high DO and low ORP values imply a lack of organic decomposition activity, which is typical in the karst groundwater condition. More importantly, groundwater recharge in the small aquifer was found to be influenced by following three processes. Spatially, both Cl− and NO3−−N indicate the large heterogeneity of water mixing as rainfall or drainage water percolates differently to various parts of the aquifer. Vertically, there are apparent differences in the concentration of Cl− and NO3−−N between the top and bottom layers in several wells, suggesting that, even within a single well, the vertical profile can be weakly connected between the top and the bottom layers. The bottom layer should have been recharged by lateral water inflow from fractures or conduits. And thirdly, the even distribution of Cl− over the long precipitation season from October 2016 and March 2021 and another nearly even distribution of NO3−−N in the low fertilization season in March 2021, demonstrate that the aquifer system is basically connected and porous. In summary, the insights gained from our study reveal that: 1) coral limestone can be treated as a well-developed porous aquifer and 2) the hydrological connectivity is highly heterogeneous and influenced by rock properties, including formation structure, degree of weathering, and clay content. Such findings are essential for understanding the hydrogeological properties of coral limestone aquifers globally.

The Effect Of Training, Career Path, And Compensation On Employee Performance At Pt Gosyen Pacific Suskesmakmur

The purpose of this study is to test and find out how much influence training, career path, and compensation have on employee performance at PT Gosen Pacific Suksesmakmur. The sample determination in this research is an employee of PT Gosyen Pacific Suksesmakmur itself who is still actively working by using the Sampling technique saturated with a total of 50 respondents, the method in data collection is carried out using questionnaires and data processing using SPSS 25. The analysis used uses statistical models which include Frequency Test, Descriptive Test, Validity Test, Reability Test, Determination Test (R2), T Test, and F Test.
 The results obtained partially stated that the training variable (X1) had a significant effect with a calculated tcount> ttabel , the variable X2 career path had a significant effect with a calculated tcount> ttabel , the variable X3 compensation had no significant effect with a calculated tcount< ttabel .
 The results obtained simultaneously fcount> ftabel 104,824 > 2.57 training, career path, and compensation have a significant effect on employee performance, so it can be concluded that independent variables affect dependent variables.

Application of graph theory for preventing carriers’ collisions in variable path braiding machines

Application of graph theory for preventing carriers’ collisions in variable path braiding machines

"Ideal employees" and "good wives and mothers": Influence mechanism of bi-directional work-family conflict on job satisfaction of female university teachers in China.

Work and family are two important areas in people's life, and the relationship between them will have an important impact on the attitudes and behaviors of employees in an organization. In the context of Chinese culture, the organization hopes to have an ideal employee, and the family hopes to have a good wife and mother. Based on the resource conservation theory, this paper examines the relationship between bi-directional work-family conflict and job burnout, perceived organizational support and job satisfaction by using latent variable path analysis method with 527 Chinese female university teachers as subjects. The results showed that: (1) Work-family conflict, family-work conflict and job burnout could negatively predict job satisfaction, while perceived organizational support could positively predict job satisfaction, (2) Job burnout played a partial mediating role in the process of work-family conflict and family-work conflict affecting job satisfaction, and the effect values were - 0.220 and - 0.168, and (3) Perceived organizational support played a moderating role in the first half of the mediating effect of "work-family conflict → job burnout → job satisfaction" and "family-work conflict → job burnout → job satisfaction," and the moderating mediating index was 0.015 and 0.010. The study contributes to a better understanding of the relationships among bi-directional work-family conflict, job burnout, perceived organizational support, and job satisfaction among female university teachers. Our findings highlight potential avenues for interventions by university administrators in the context of Chinese culture aimed at balancing work and family and improving job satisfaction among female university teachers.

Evaluation, Regional Disparities and Driving Mechanisms of High-Quality Agricultural Development in China

Based on China’s new development philosophy and the connotation of high-quality agricultural development, this study constructed a six-dimensional comprehensive evaluation framework: innovation-effectiveness-sustainability-coordination-openness-sharing. The spatio-temporal-range-improved entropy approach and the Dagum Gini coefficient were applied to evaluate and analyze the level of regional disparities and the dynamic distribution characteristics of high-quality agricultural development in China in the period from 2010 to 2018. The result shows that the level of high-quality agricultural development in China has steadily improved in general, but there exist prominent structural problems. Concerning regional differences, it indicated a pattern dominated by the pattern of “high in the east and low in the west”, mainly arising from the inter-regional disparity, with a gradual downward trend during the selected period. This study also comprehensively explored the four-dimensional driving mechanisms (production conditions, productivity, production relations, and production efficiency), and further examined the driving paths of various variables and regional heterogeneity using a panel Tobit model.

A distributed variable density path search and simplification method for industrial manipulators with end-effector’s attitude constraints

A distributed variable density path search and simplification method for industrial manipulators with end-effector’s attitude constraints

Loss-of-Control-Eating Mediates the Relationship between Cannabis-Related Problems and Eating Pathology.

The prevalence of eating pathology among college students has increased significantly in recent years. This coincides with increases in the use of cannabis, both nationally, but also among college students. Problematic cannabis use has been linked to eating pathology in prior research. Research also shows that cannabis may affect appetitive drives linked to food consumption. The current study tested the hypothesis that the association between problem cannabis use and eating pathology was mediated by greater loss of control eating. Cross-sectional data were collected from a sample of 805 college student cannabis users at a large Southeastern university in the U.S. The sample were primarily Caucasian (76%) and female (65.22%) with an average age of 20.15 (SD = 3.91). Participants completed surveys assessing eating outcomes (loss of control eating and eating pathology), cannabis use, and cannabis-related problems. The analysis used an observed variable path model. After controlling for cannabis use, cannabis-related problems were indirectly linked to eating pathology via loss of control eating (B = 0.109, SE = 0.025, p < .001), supporting the primary hypothesis. The direct relationship between cannabis-related problems and eating pathology was fully accounted for (B = 0.010, SE = 0.028, p = .724) by the indirect effect of loss of control eating. These data suggest that the association between problematic forms of cannabis use and eating pathology may be due to the association between cannabis problems and loss of control eating. While this may be due to changes in appetite and food evaluation as a function of more problematic use patterns, it may also be that individuals with problematic cannabis use have more problematic eating patterns due to deficits in adaptive coping strategies. Future research should seek to parse out these different potential explanations.

Estimating the macroeconomic effects of Japan’s expansionary monetary policy under Quantitative and Qualitative Monetary Easing during 2013–2020

This paper estimates the macroeconomic effects of the Bank of Japan’s expansionary monetary policies since the introduction of Quantitative and Qualitative Monetary Easing (QQE) using the Bank of Japan’s large-scale macroeconomic model, the Quarterly Japanese Economic Model. We consider counterfactual paths of major financial variables, such as real interest rates, constructing hypothetical scenarios where the QQE and subsequent easing measures had not been introduced. We then conduct counterfactual simulations to examine how Japan’s macroeconomic variables, such as real GDP and CPI, would have evolved under those hypothetical scenarios. In these settings, we estimate the policy effects on the macroeconomic variables as the difference between actual values and the counterfactual values. The estimation results demonstrate that, on average, during the period from the introduction of QQE to the July–September quarter of 2020, the policy effect on the level of real GDP is between around 0.9 and 1.3 percent, and on the year-on-year rate of change in the CPI (all items less fresh food and energy) is between around 0.6 and 0.7 percentage points.

Spreading depolarization and angiographic spasm are separate mediators of delayed infarcts.

In DISCHARGE-1, a recent Phase III diagnostic trial in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage patients, spreading depolarization variables were found to be an independent real-time biomarker of delayed cerebral ischaemia. We here investigated based on prospectively collected data from DISCHARGE-1 whether delayed infarcts in the anterior, middle, or posterior cerebral artery territories correlate with (i) extravascular blood volumes; (ii) predefined spreading depolarization variables, or proximal vasospasm assessed by either (iii) digital subtraction angiography or (iv) transcranial Doppler-sonography; and whether spreading depolarizations and/or vasospasm are mediators between extravascular blood and delayed infarcts. Relationships between variable groups were analysed using Spearman correlations in 136 patients. Thereafter, principal component analyses were performed for each variable group. Obtained components were included in path models with a priori defined structure. In the first path model, we only included spreading depolarization variables, as our primary interest was to investigate spreading depolarizations. Standardised path coefficients were 0.22 for the path from extravascular bloodcomponent to depolarizationcomponent (P = 0.010); and 0.44 for the path from depolarizationcomponent to the first principal component of delayed infarct volume (P < 0.001); but only 0.07 for the direct path from bloodcomponent to delayed infarctcomponent (P = 0.36). Thus, the role of spreading depolarizations as a mediator between blood and delayed infarcts was confirmed. In the principal component analysis of extravascular blood volume, intraventricular haemorrhage was not represented in the first component. Therefore, based on the correlation analyses, we also constructed another path model with bloodcomponent without intraventricular haemorrhage as first and intraventricular haemorrhage as second extrinsic variable. We found two paths, one from (subarachnoid) bloodcomponent to delayed infarctcomponent with depolarizationcomponent as mediator (path coefficients from bloodcomponent to depolarizationcomponent = 0.23, P = 0.03; path coefficients from depolarizationcomponent to delayed infarctcomponent = 0.29, P = 0.002), and one from intraventricular haemorrhage to delayed infarctcomponent with angiographic vasospasmcomponent as mediator variable (path coefficients from intraventricular haemorrhage to vasospasmcomponent = 0.24, P = 0.03; path coefficients from vasospasmcomponent to delayed infarctcomponent = 0.35, P < 0.001). Human autopsy studies shaped the hypothesis that blood clots on the cortex surface suffice to cause delayed infarcts beneath the clots. Experimentally, clot-released factors induce cortical spreading depolarizations that trigger (i) neuronal cytotoxic oedema and (ii) spreading ischaemia. The statistical mediator role of spreading depolarization variables between subarachnoid blood volume and delayed infarct volume supports this pathogenetic concept. We did not find that angiographic vasospasm triggers spreading depolarizations, but angiographic vasospasm contributed to delayed infarct volume. This could possibly result from enhancement of spreading depolarization-induced spreading ischaemia by reduced upstream blood supply.

Investment in wind-based hydrogen production under economic and physical uncertainties

This paper evaluates the economic viability of a combined wind-based green-hydrogen facility from an investor’s viewpoint. The paper introduces a theoretical model and demonstrates it by example. The valuation model assumes that both the spot price of electricity and wind capacity factor evolve stochastically over time; these state variables can in principle be correlated. Besides, it explicitly considers the possibility to use curtailed wind energy for producing hydrogen. The model derives the investment project’s net present value (NPV) as a function of hydrogen price and conversion capacity. Thus, the NPV is computed for a given price and a range of capacities. The one that leads to the maximum NPV is the ‘optimal’ capacity (for the given price). Next, the authors estimate the parameters underlying the two stochastic processes from Spanish hourly data. These numerical estimates allow simulate hourly paths of both variables over the facility’s expected useful lifetime (30 years). According to the results, green hydrogen production starts becoming economically viable above 3 €/kg. Besides, it takes a hydrogen price of 4.7 €/kg to reach an optimal conversion capacity half the capacity of the wind park. The authors develop sensitivity analyses with respect to wind capacity factor, curtailment rate, and discount rate.

Perceived parenting style and Chinese nursing undergraduates’ learning motivation: The chain mediating roles of self-efficacy and positive coping style

The aim of this study was to examine the chain mediating effects of self-efficacy and positive coping style on the relationship between parenting style and learning motivation in Chinese nursing students. Despite the abundance of literature that focuses on learning motivation, there is a lack of research that accurately and thoroughly examines the factors that influence learning motivation among nursing students. This study involved a cross-sectional design. In total, 677 Chinese undergraduate nursing students completed the parental bonding instrument, the general self-efficacy scale, the simplified coping style questionnaire, and the learning motivation scale. A structural equation model was performed with AMOS 26.0 to explore the influence paths of variables and the mediating effects of self-efficacy and coping style. Parental care positively predicted intrinsic learning motivation directly or indirectly through the mediating effects of self-efficacy (B = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.12-0.23) and positive coping style (B = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01-0.06), and this mediating effect contributed 54.06% of the total effect. Parental encouraging autonomy positively predicted intrinsic learning motivation indirectly through the mediating effects of self-efficacy (B = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.12-0.24) and positive coping style (B = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01-0.06), and this mediating effect contributed 71.42% of the total effect. Parental control negatively influenced intrinsic learning motivation directly or indirectly through the mediating effects of self-efficacy (B = -0.10, 95% CI: -0.15 to -0.04) and positive coping style (B = -0.02, 95% CI: -0.05 to -0.01), and this mediating effect contributed 42.85% of the total effect. Parents should provide more care and autonomy to nursing students and reduce control over them. Nurse educators should consider targeted improvement strategies to improve the level of self-efficacy and positive coping style of nursing undergraduates to enable them to maintain a more intrinsic learning motivation.

Low frequency ultrasonic absorption in aqueous solutions from variable path through-transmission and pulse-echo measurements

Acoustic absorption spectroscopy can characterize the complex intermolecular interactions within a solution. Currently, there are no wide-spread uses of the method and no commercially available systems exist that measure below 3 MHz. However, chemical processes have been shown to exist at as low as 300 kHz. Here we present measurements on aqueous solutions using two techniques: a variable path through-transmission method operating around 1 MHz and a pulse-echo method operating near 500 kHz. These methods overlap in frequency and their results agreed with each other. We also calibrated the setup using water and measured the sound speed in each sample. Finally, we present preliminary results for the absorption spectra of MgSO4 and other solvents. Accurate measurements of acoustic absorption at low ultrasonic frequencies could prove to be an important tool in the pharmaceutical and chemical manufacturing industries and can lead to better understanding of intermolecular processes in this frequency range.

The soft X-ray and XUV split-and-delay unit at beamlines FL23/24 at FLASH2.

A split-and-delay unit for the extreme ultraviolet and soft X-ray spectral regions has been built which enables time-resolved experiments at beamlines FL23 and FL24 at the Free-electron LASer in Hamburg (FLASH). Geometric wavefront splitting at a sharp edge of a beam splitting mirror is applied to split the incoming soft X-ray pulse into two beams. Ni and Pt coatings at grazing incidence angles have been chosen in order to cover the whole spectral range of FLASH2 and beyond, up to hν = 1800 eV. In the variable beam path with a grazing incidence angle of ϑd = 1.8°, the total transmission (T) ranges are of the order of 0.48 < T < 0.84 for hν < 100 eV and T > 0.50 for 100 eV < hν < 650 eV with the Ni coating, and T > 0.06 for hν < 1800 eV for the Pt coating. For a fixed beam path with a grazing incidence angle of ϑf = 1.3°, a transmission of T > 0.61 with the Ni coating and T > 0.23 with a Pt coating is achieved. Soft X-ray pump/soft X-ray probe experiments are possible within a delay range of -5 ps < Δt < +18 ps with a nominal time resolution of tr = 66 as and a measured timing jitter of tj = 121 ± 2 as. First experiments with the split-and-delay unit determined the averaged coherence time of FLASH2 to be τc = 1.75 fs at λ = 8 nm, measured at a purposely reduced coherence of the free-electron laser.

Equifinality in infancy: The many paths to walking.

Many different pathways can lead to the same result or developmental outcome. What are the developmental routes that result in the onset of walking? In this longitudinal study, we documented patterns of infant locomotion during everyday activities at home for 30 prewalking infants. Using a milestone-based design, we focused on observations spanning the twomonths before the onset of walking (Mage at walk onset=11.98months, SD=1.27). We examined how much time infants spent in motion and when they moved, whether they were more likely to do so while prone (crawling) or upright with support (cruising or supported walking). Results showed immense variability in infants' practice regimes en route to walking-some infants spent relatively similar amounts of time crawling, cruising, and supported walking at each session, others preferred one method of travel over the alternatives, and some switched between different types of locomotion from session to session. In general, however, infants spent a larger share of their movement time in upright positions compared to prone. Finally, our densely sampled dataset revealed a clear feature of locomotor development: infants follow many distinct and variable paths to walk onset, regardless of the age at which it is attained.

Constraining Bedrock Groundwater Residence Times in a Mountain System With Environmental Tracer Observations and Bayesian Uncertainty Quantification

AbstractGroundwater residence time distributions provide fundamental insights on the hydrological processes within watersheds. Yet, observations that can constrain groundwater residence times over broad timescales remain scarce in mountain catchment studies. We use environmental tracers (CFC‐12, SF6, 3H, and 4He) to investigate groundwater residence times along a hillslope in the East River Watershed, Colorado, USA. We develop a Bayesian inference framework that applies a Markov‐chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach to estimate noble gas recharge temperature, elevation, and excess‐air parameters and the resulting environmental tracer concentrations. MCMC is then used to propagate the environmental tracer uncertainties to estimates of groundwater mean residence times inferred with lumped parameter models. All samples contain 3H, CFC‐12, and SF6 in addition to terrigenic 4He, suggesting a mixture of water characterized by modern and premodern residence times. 4He exponential mean residence times range from hundreds of years at the upslope well to thousands of years at the toe‐slope well assuming average crustal production rates. We find that binary mixing residence time distributions with separate young and old mixing fractions are needed to predict the 4He, CFC‐12, SF6, and 3H observations, supporting the importance of flow path mixing in this bedrock system. Our findings that the fractured bedrock hosts groundwater with a mixture of residence times ranging from decades to millennia suggest variable recharge dynamics and flow path mixing along the hillslope and highlight the importance of characterizing groundwater systems with observations that are sensitive to transport over a broad range of residence times.

Active stabilization of a pseudoheterodyne scattering scanning near field optical microscope.

Scattering scanning near-field optical microscopes (s-SNOMs) based on pseudoheterodyne detection and operating at ambient conditions typically suffer from instabilities related to the variable optical path length of the interferometer arms. These cause strong oscillations in the measured optical amplitude and phase comparable with those of the signal and, thus, resulting in dramatic artifacts. Besides hampering the comparison between the topography and the optical measurements, such oscillations may lead to misinterpretations of the physical phenomena occurring at the sample surface, especially for nanostructured materials. Here, we propose a stabilizing method based on interferometer phase control, which improves substantially the image quality and allows the correct extraction of optical phase and amplitude for both micro- and nanostructures. This stabilization method expands the measurement capabilities of s-SNOM to any slowly time-dependent phenomena that require long-term stability of the system. We envisage that active stabilization will increase the technological significance of s-SNOMs and will have far-reaching applications in the field of heat transfer and nanoelectronics.

Determinants of intention with remote health management service among urban older adults: A Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology perspective.

Although older adults health management systems have been shown to have a significant impact on health levels, there remains the problem of low use rate, frequency of use, and acceptance by the older adults. This study aims to explore the significant factors which serve as determinants of behavioral intention to use the technology, which in turn promotes actual use. This study took a total of 402 urban older adults over 60 years to explore the impact of the use behavior toward remote health management (RHM) through an online questionnaire. Based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), the author adds four dimensions: perceived risk, perceived value, perceived interactivity and individual innovation, constructed an extended structural equation model of acceptance and use of technology, and analyzed the variable path relationship. In this study, the factor loading is between 0.61 and 0.98; the overall Cronbach's Alpha coefficients are >0.7; The composite reliability ranges from 0.59 to 0.91; the average variance extraction ranges from 0.51 to 0.85, which shows the good reliability, validity, and discriminant validity of the constructed model. The influencing factors of the behavioral intention of the older adults to accept the health management system are: effort expectation, social influences, perceived value, performance expectation, perceived interactivity and perceived risk. Effort expectation has a significant positive impact on performance expectation. Individual innovation positively impacts performance expectation and perceived interactivity. Perceived interactivity and behavioral intention have a significant positive effect on the use behavior of the older adults, while the facilitating conditions have little effect on the use behavior. This paper constructs and verifies the extended model based on UTAUT, fully explores the potential factors affecting the use intention of the older adult users. According to the research findings, some suggestions are proposed from the aspects of effort expectation, performance expectation, perceived interaction and perceived value to improve the use intention and user experience of Internet-based health management services in older adults.

Pride and guilt as place-based affective antecedents to pro-environmental behavior.

The interrelated concepts of place attachment and place meaning are antecedents to pro-environmental behavior and essential for supporting decisions that foster relationships between people and places. Previous research has argued that affect is instrumental in conceptualizing place-related phenomena but has not yet been considered in terms of discrete emotions. We disentangled the empirical relationships between concepts of place and the emotions of pride and guilt to understand how they collectively contributed to individuals' decisions about environmental sustainability. Specifically, we conducted an online survey of residents living in the Midwestern US and asked questions about their attachments to places and their place-related behavior. We then tested a latent variable path model with first- and second-order factors that shaped the behavioral intentions of survey respondents, as well as evaluated the psychometric properties of a place meaning scale, to uncover the range of reasons why human-nature relationships were formed. Our findings show that multiple place meanings predicted place attachment, which in turn predicted the discrete emotions of pride and guilt. Place attachment, pride, and guilt positively correlated with pro-environmental behavior. We also observed that the relationships between multi-dimensional conceptualizations of place attachment and behavioral intentions were partially mediated by pride but not guilt, as hypothesized in response to the broaden and build theory of positive emotions. This study develops theoretical insights to clarify how cognitive-emotional bonding can lead people to behave in more environmentally friendly ways.

Structural equation model of the influence of noise annoyance on miners’ unsafe behavior in coal mines

Miners' unsafe behavior (UB) is the main cause of coal mine accidents. Previous research has suggested that excessive noise in tunnels impacts miners' temperaments and safe production behavior. To explore the influence of noise on UB, four different dimensions of noise annoyance were identified: cognitive, emotional, communication, and physical mechanism annoyance. The coal mine noise annoyance scale, miners' unsafe behavior intention (UBI) scale, and miners’ UB scale were developed according to different dimensions. In the first survey, a total of 200 questionnaires were distributed in the two coal mines, and 193 valid questionnaires were recovered. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted, and invalid items were removed according to the analysis results to form the final scale. Then, 500 final scales were distributed in two Chinese coal mines, and 482 valid questionnaires were collected. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted by collating the data of the second questionnaire. Based upon the structural equation model (SEM), the SEM of the influence of noise annoyance degree on UB and the path analysis with latent variable path analysis with the latent variables (PA-LVs) mediating model of the effect of UBI on UB were established, and the path coefficients with fitting data of the model were analyzed. The results indicated that the four dimensions of coal mine noise annoyance had a strong positive impact on UB, which was reduced by less noise annoyance. In addition, the Bootstrap method was used to verify the mediating method among the four dimensions of noise annoyance, cognitive annoyance, emotional annoyance, with communication annoyance indirectly affecting UB through UBI. The research results provide theoretical support for reducing the UB of miners and improving coal mine safety levels.