Variety Of Environmental Conditions Research Articles

Highly efficient adsorbent for removing uranium (VI) from water based on a novel phosphate esterification hyper-cross-linked polymer

There is a strong need for the development of effective uranium sorbents. Here, the Friedel-Crafts reaction was performed in a simple one-step manner followed by phosphate esterification to prepare porous hyper-cross-linked Bisphenol F (PHCP-BF) for prospective utilization in the removal of U(VI) from wastewater. PHCP-BF has pores with a size of 2.6 nm and a significant BET surface area (up to 387.31 m2/g). It was extensively investigated how a variety of environmental conditions (e.g., pH, contact time, temperature, etc.) affected the treatment results. In terms of adsorption capacity, uranium possessed a maximum of 120 mg/g (pH = 7), which is twice that of the original material HCP-BF (59.39 mg/g). According to the modeling results, with the Langmuir isotherm and a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, the data matched the sorption data very well. It was found that PHCP-BF possessed good selectivity for uranium, which was considerably greater than that of other co-existing metals. After three cycles, PHCP-BF still maintained a certain adsorption capacity. In light of several spectroscopic examinations, the mechanism of uranium removal by PHCP-BF is the chelated of P = O with U (VI). The results obtained suggest that PHCP-BF can be used effectively to remove uranium from water.

NMR spectroscopy-based analysis of gallstones of cancerous and benign gallbladders from different geographical regions of the Indian subcontinent.

Analysis of the chemical composition of gallstones is vital for the etiopathogenesis of gallstone diseases that can ultimately help in the prevention of its formation. In the present study, gallstones from seven different regions of India were analyzed to highlight the major difference in their composition. Also, gallstones of different pathological conditions i.e., benign (chronic cholecystitis, CC) and malignant gallbladder disease (gallbladder cancer GBC) were characterized. The type of polymorphs of cholesterol molecules was also studied to provide insight into the structure of gallstones. 1H solution state NMR spectroscopy 1D experiments were performed on a total of 94 gallstone (GS) samples collected from seven different geographical regions of India. Solid-State NMR spectroscopy 13C cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) experiments were done on the 20 CC GS samples and 20 GBC GS samples of two regions. 1H NMR spectra from the solution state NMR of all the stones reveal that cholesterol was a major component of the maximum stones of the north India region while in south Indian regions, GS had very less cholesterol. 13C CPMAS experiments reveal that the quantity of cholesterol was significantly more in the GS of CC in the Lucknow region compared with GBC stones of Lucknow and Chandigarh. Our study also revealed that GS of the Lucknow region of both malignant and benign gallbladder diseases belong to the monohydrate crystalline form of cholesterol while GS of Chandigarh region of both malignant and benign gallbladder diseases exists in both monohydrate crystalline form with the amorphous type and anhydrous form. Gallstones have a complicated and poorly understood etiology. Therefore, it is important to understand the composition of gallstones, which can be found in various forms and clinical conditions. Variations in dietary practices, environmental conditions, and genetic factors may influence and contribute to the formation of GS. Prevention of gallstone formation may help in decreasing the cases of gallbladder cancer.

High throughput phenomics for diatoms: Challenges and solutions

Underpinning primary food chains, atmospheric carbon cycling, and vital ecosystem functions are diatoms, a class of microalgae found ubiquitously in aquatic environments around the globe (Armbrust, 2009; Nelson et al., 1995). As with most organisms on earth climate change threatens their survival and distribution, therefore their ability to adapt to environmental drivers through phenotypic plasticity has become a topic of investigation in recent years (Cox, 2014; Sackett et al., 2013; Vartanian et al., 2009). Furthermore, diatoms are being seen in a new light thanks to recent endeavours to unravel the genomes of a broad range of species across the phylogenetic tree, including the currently underway ‘100 Diatom Genome Project’ and the “Earth BioGenome Project” project which aims to sequence over 3000 protozoa (Bowler et al., 2008; Armbrust, 2009, Joint Genome Institute, 2021; Earth BioGenome Project, 2022; Mock et al., 2022). Knowing the genome is however insufficient in understanding the complex responsivity of an organism exposed to variable environmental conditions, and thus a large-scale diatom phenotyping project is needed. Embarking on such a project that involves a multitude of diverse and intricate organisms will undoubtedly pose challenges. These hurdles stem not only from their extensive genetic diversity, but also from the complex endeavour of consolidating their phenomes. In adapting modern phenomics methods to bridge the genome-phenome gap in diatoms, multi-driver and multi-trait relationships must be considered across a range of species, in which many phenotypes may be expressed under different conditions (Chitwood and Topp, 2015). Armed with comprehensive genomic and phenomic datasets for a range of diatoms, we may be able to predict with more precision the effects of climate change on ecological and biogeochemical processes that are driven by diatom primary productivity.

The trait‐mediated trade‐off between growth and survival depends on tree sizes and environmental conditions

Abstract Interspecific relationships between growth and survival are critical determinants of tree species diversity maintenance in forests. The trade‐offs between growth and survival in co‐occurring tree species are believed to arise along a continuum of life‐history strategies. For example, co‐occurring species range from those that grow slowly and survive well in resource‐poor environments to those that grow quickly but have low survival rates in resource‐rich environments. However, uncertainties remain regarding how growth–survival trade‐offs are related to species traits, tree sizes or environmental conditions. We examined how the relationships between species traits and growth–survival relationships shift in response to changes in stem sizes and across census periods with different climate conditions (frequency of strong winds, drought intensity) across 45 co‐occurring tree species based on 23 years of growth and survival records in a warm temperate rainforest on Yakushima Island, Japan. We developed hierarchical Bayesian models of relative growth and survival rates, including leaf traits, wood density and 95‐percentile maximum stem diameter as explanatory variables. We tested the relationships between estimated trait‐mediated growth–survival relationships and the indices of climate events during five census periods. Each trait's effects on growth–survival relationships differed across the five census periods in response to climate conditions. Interspecific growth–survival relationships affected by a single trait axis for leaves or wood tended to be negative. In contrast, those affected by the maximum stem diameter tended to be positive. Such trends increased with more frequent strong winds or more intense droughts. The single‐trait effects on growth–survival relationships were stronger for smaller sizes than for larger sizes. For all traits combined, we found a significant growth–survival trade‐off only for small‐sized stems in three of five census periods. Synthesis. Our results indicate that the effect of species traits on the growth–survival relationships depended on tree sizes, the census periods or both in response to the frequency or intensity of climate events. We argue the importance of incorporating spatial and temporal variations in environmental conditions into long‐term data from tree census to predict forest dynamics.

Multi-stakeholder perception analysis of the status, characteristics, and factors affecting small-scale carp aquaculture systems in Bangladesh

Inland aquaculture is essential for the food and livelihoods of millions of small-scale producers across the global South. Very diverse actions from national governments, civil sector and international organizations have been seeking to enhance the performance of small-scale aquaculture systems. However, many of these efforts are constrained by the general lack of information about the status and characteristics of the sector. In many cases, data are unavailable, highly aggregated or outdated, thus failing to provide a clear picture of the situation on the ground to inform relevant efforts. Bangladesh is one such country, where, on the one hand, the aquaculture sector is extremely important for national economic growth, rural development and food and nutrition security, but on the other hand suffers from a general lack of quality data to inform relevant actions. In this study, we report the findings generated though eight workshops that engaged 215 stakeholders involved in the Bangladesh small-scale carp aquaculture sector. By leveraging the expertise of the participants, we obtain an overarching picture of the characteristics of small-scale carp production models around the country. The findings suggest a large variability of production models and levels of intensification, which are mainly based on polyculture involving species such as rohu, catla, and mrigal. These systems have been roughly categorized in four types characterized by different levels of intensification and dominant species, which are present across the country with varied socio-economic, infrastructure and environmental conditions. The study also identified an unfolding shift in the last years, from subsistence-based to commercially oriented production. In terms of market preference, quite different carp attributes are valued among small-scale producers across the country, with large size of carp, its rapid growth and the availability of improved strains being the most valued. As aquaculture, and particularly carp aquaculture, is important for rural development in Bangladesh by sustaining households’ income and livelihoods in different ways, we argue for the need to undertake more detailed studies to understand the characteristics and performance of these types of small-scale aquaculture systems. This will be indispensable for informing policies and actions that aim to target more effectively the different types of producers, and to improve the overall performance and sustainability of the sector.

Effects of temperature on azamethiphos sensitivity profile of Caligus rogercresseyi

It is well known that the biology of Caligus rogercresseyi is strongly affected by environmental conditions such as temperature. However, little is known if these variables can affect antiparasitic sensitivity. In this context, the aim of the study was to determine how temperature and light can induce changes in the parasite sensitivity profile to azamethiphos. Temperatures of 9, 12, 15, and 17 °C and two light conditions were evaluated through sensitivity evaluation in vitro bioassays. Parasites were exposed to an azamethiphos concentration gradient of 0, 3, 10, 30, 100, and 300 ppb. A range of temperature between 12 °C and 15 °C did not significantly change the sensitivity profile of the parasite. Moreover, light conditions did not induce significant changes in the sensitivity profile either. However, the temperature of 9 °C induced higher effective concentrations (EC50) than the rest of the temperatures, but also lower affectation and mortality of the parasite. This evidence suggested that sensitivity to azamethiphos decreases with temperature, regardless of the light conditions. These results are considered relevant since strong variations of environmental conditions (like temperature) among seasons and geographical areas could impact salmon–parasite interactions, but also the effectiveness of the treatments applied in the salmon industry. Even more, in a climate change context, for which temperature is considered one of the main variables, it is expected that important changes occur in the biology, metabolism, and population dynamics of parasites, fish, and marine animals, being these changes a matter of concern in the future sustainability of aquaculture.

High Buffering Potential of Winter Wheat Composite Cross Populations to Rapidly Changing Environmental Conditions

A winter wheat composite cross population (CCP), created in the UK in 2001, has been grown in Germany, Hungary, and the UK since 2005 (F5 generation). In 2008/09 (F8), a cycling pattern for the populations was developed between partners to test the effects of rapidly changing environments on agronomic performance and morphological characteristics. One CCP was grown by eight partners for one year and subsequently sent to the next partner, creating “cycling CCPs” with different histories. In 2013, all eight cycling CCPs and the three non-cycling CCPs (from Germany, Hungary, and the UK) were included in a two-year experiment in Germany with three line varieties as references. Differing seed weights of the F13 at sowing affected some agronomic parameters under drought conditions in 2014/15 but not under less stressful conditions in 2013/14. In both experimental years, the CCPs were comparable to the line varieties in terms of agronomic performance, with some CCPs yielding more than the varieties under the drought conditions of 2015. The results highlight the potential of CCPs to compete with line varieties, while the overall similarity of the CCPs based on their origin and cycling history for agronomic traits indicates a high buffering potential under highly variable environmental conditions.

Ubiquitin negatively regulates ABA responses by inhibiting SnRK2.2 and SnRK2.3 kinase activity in Arabidopsis.

Abscisic acid (ABA) is an essential phytohormone for plant responses to complex and variable environmental conditions. The molecular basis of the ABA signaling pathway has been well elucidated. SnRK2.2 and SnRK2.3 are key protein kinases participating in ABA responses, and the regulation of their activity plays an important role in signaling. Previous mass spectroscopy analysis of SnRK2.3 suggested that ubiquitin and homologous proteins may bind directly to the kinase. Ubiquitin typically recruits E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes to target proteins, marking them for degradation by the 26S proteasome. Here, we show that SnRK2.2 and SnRK2.3 interact with ubiquitin but are not covalently attached to the protein, resulting in the suppression of their kinase activity. The binding between SnRK2.2, SnRK2.3, and ubiquitin is weakened under prolonged ABA treatment. Overexpression of ubiquitin positively regulated the growth of seedlings exposed to ABA. Our results thus demonstrate a novel function for ubiquitin, which negatively regulates ABA responses by directly inhibiting SnRK2.2 and SnRK2.3 kinase activity.

A Method of Assessing the Service Life and Reliability of Motor Brushes Based on Wear Under Variable Current and Environmental Conditions

A Method of Assessing the Service Life and Reliability of Motor Brushes Based on Wear Under Variable Current and Environmental Conditions

An innovative application of pantograph recognition system based on deep learning

One of the most significant aspects for the correct operation of a modern railway electrification system is the health of the pantograph and overhead line. The application of machine vision technology to monitor the status of pantographs in real time can reduce pantographs and catenary accidents caused by unpredictable events. It is challenging to achieve real-time and accurate criteria with present pantograph detecting technologies. Therefore, this methodology collects pantograph images through high-definition cameras and transmits them to the cloud through 5G, use the Mask R-CNN algorithm to process and analyse the images., This technology can assist railway technicians in judging the status of the pantograph. Mask R-CNN employs the Resnet network for feature extraction. Resnet has the characteristics of cross-layer connection, which avoids the problem of network degradation due to the deep learning network being too deep, and greatly improves the training efficiency. The recognition matching degree of pantographs are greater than 0.975, enabling pantograph recognition in a variety of environmental conditions. The use of 5G connection increases transmission speed and allows for real-time detection of pantograph status, which is critical for the railway's automated operation.

Effect of Air Humidity in MIG Welded Joints on Tensile Strength and Impact Strength of Aluminum 5052

In the shipbuilding process, delays often occur. In general, to speed up a ship's construction, overtime is carried out by workers until nighttime. Environmental conditions in a welding process, especially air humidity, strongly affect the properties of welded joints. The formation of hydrogen in the air caused by an inappropriate environment can cause defects in welded joints, especially porosity defects. Variations of welding environmental conditions used, are welding in the morning at 84% air humidity, daytime welding at 53% air humidity, and nighttime welding at 77% air humidity. This study aims to determine the material strength of air humidity variations during the welding process on the tensile strength and impact strength of 5052 aluminum material. This research uses experimental quantitative methods data analysis techniques used analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the higher the air humidity, the tensile and impact strength decreased. From the results of the tensile test, there is an influence of air humidity on the average value of tensile strength, where the highest value is found in the daytime welding variation specimen with 53% air humidity, worth 110.614 MPa. From the impact test results, there is an influence of air humidity on the average value of impact toughness, where the highest value is found in the daytime welding variation specimen with 53% air humidity, worth 89.42 J/mm2. From the ANOVA test results, the average tensile test and impact test have no significant differences.

Environmental and genetic variation in an asexual plant

Species may respond to variation in environmental conditions by modifying their phenotype to match local levels of resource availability. This phenotypic response can be driven by plastic physiological change, or by adaptive genetic change. Here we use Lemna minor (lesser duckweed), a small aquatic macrophyte that is increasingly used as a model in ecology and evolution, to investigate the source and maintenance of phenotypic variation in natural environments. We found substantial phenotypic variation in L. minor in the field, with its frond area and root length changing predictably over natural environmental gradients of resource availability. Separating environmental and genetic variation in these traits in a common garden, we attribute the majority of phenotypic variation we observed in the field to phenotypic plasticity. Despite this, there was substantial within-site genetic variation. We found evidence of strong purifying selection in the field, that is necessarily balanced by mutation and migration. Using measures of environmental and genetic variation in phenotype and fitness, we estimate the rates of dispersal and evolution of fitness necessary to sustain the observed levels of genetic variation.

Modulation of xanthophyll cycle impacts biomass productivity in the marine microalga Nannochloropsis

Life on earth depends on photosynthetic primary producers that exploit sunlight to fix CO2 into biomass. Approximately half of global primary production is associated with microalgae living in aquatic environments. Microalgae also represent a promising source of biomass to complement crop cultivation, and they could contribute to the development of a more sustainable bioeconomy. Photosynthetic organisms evolved multiple mechanisms involved in the regulation of photosynthesis to respond to highly variable environmental conditions. While essential to avoid photodamage, regulation of photosynthesis results in dissipation of absorbed light energy, generating a complex trade-off between protection from stress and light-use efficiency. This work investigates the impact of the xanthophyll cycle, the light-induced reversible conversion of violaxanthin into zeaxanthin, on the protection from excess light and on biomass productivity in the marine microalgae of the genus Nannochloropsis. Zeaxanthin is shown to have an essential role in protection from excess light, contributing to the induction of nonphotochemical quenching and scavenging of reactive oxygen species. On the contrary, the overexpression of zeaxanthin epoxidase enables a faster reconversion of zeaxanthin to violaxanthin that is shown to be advantageous for biomass productivity in dense cultures in photobioreactors. These results demonstrate that zeaxanthin accumulation is critical to respond to strong illumination, but it may lead to unnecessary energy losses in light-limiting conditions and accelerating its reconversion to violaxanthin provides an advantage for biomass productivity in microalgae.

Reciprocated competition between two forest carnivores drives dietary specialization.

Competition shapes animal communities, but the strength of the interaction varies spatially depending on the availability and aggregation of resources and competitors. Among carnivores, competition is particularly pronounced with the strongest interactions between similar species with intermediate differences in body size. While ecologists have emphasized interference competition among carnivores based on dominance hierarchies from body size (smaller = subordinate; larger = dominant), the reciprocity of exploitative competition from subordinate species has been overlooked even though efficient exploitation can limit resource availability and influence foraging. Across North America, fishers Pekania pennanti and martens (Martes spp.) are two phylogenetically related forest carnivores that exhibit a high degree of overlap in habitat use and diet and differ in body size by a factor of 2-5×, eliciting particularly strong interspecific competition. In the Great Lakes region, fishers and martens occur both allopatrically and sympatrically; where they co-occur, the numerically dominant species varies spatially. This natural variation in competitors and environmental conditions enables comparisons to understand how interference and exploitative competition alter dietary niche overlap and foraging strategies. We analysed stable isotopes (δ13 C and δ15 N) from 317 martens and 132 fishers, as well as dietary items (n = 629) from 20 different genera, to compare niche size and overlap. We then quantified individual diet specialization and modelled the response to environmental conditions that were hypothesized to influence individual foraging. Martens and fishers exhibited high overlap in both available and core isotopic δ-space, but no overlap of core dietary proportions. When the competitor was absent or rare, both martens and fishers consumed more smaller-bodied prey. Notably, the dominant fisher switched from being a specialist of larger to smaller prey in the absence of the subordinate marten. Environmental context also influenced dietary specialization: increasing land cover diversity and prey abundance reduced specialization in martens whereas vegetation productivity increased specialization for both martens and fishers. Despite an important dominance hierarchy, fishers adjusted their niche in the face of a subordinate, but superior, exploitative competitor. These findings highlight the underappreciated role of the subordinate competitor in shaping the dietary niche of a dominant competitor.

Characteristics and performance investigation of solar AES system with novel flat-plate collector-evaporator integrated unit capable of salinity wastewater thermal self-storage

Fluctuations and variations in the solar irradiation intensity, both regular and irregular, seriously damage the performance and effectiveness of conventional solar evaporation systems for salinity wastewater recovery. Furthermore, a novel flat-plate collector-evaporator integrated unit with thermal self-storage of salinity wastewater is designed and implemented in the solar air evaporating separation (AES) system. Comprehensive operating characteristics and performance investigations are conducted through the construction of the experimental system and the establishment of the multi-process coupling model. Results of experimental and simulation investigations indicate that this function of wastewater itself as heat-storage medium in the unit actually helps to counteract the reduced system performance and energy efficiency caused by fluctuations in solar irradiation, especially under overcast weathers, when average EE, GOR and ηsys of this system can still be maintained at 3.83 kg/kWh, 2.02, 59.78 %. What's more, this system supports effective 24-hour operation mode under variable environmental conditions, while maintaining superior wastewater recovery performance energy efficiency. Under variable conditions, including night time and cloudy weather, the average GOR, ηsys and ηex,sys,daily for 24-hour operation can be up to 4.49, 62.2 % and 3.95 %, while the average OPEX is only 0.0089$/kg and the OVEX for 15-year service lifetime is only 0.0142 $/kg.

A Semi-Empirical Damage Model of Helankou Rocks Based on Acoustic Emission.

The Helankou rock as the relics carrier in Ningxia, China, have been suffering from serious weathering caused by variable environmental conditions. To study the freeze-thaw damage characteristics of Helankou relics carrier rocks, three dry-wet conditions (i.e., drying, pH = 2 and pH = 7) together with freeze-thaw experiments have been carried out at 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 cycles. Additionally, a series of triaxial compression tests have been carried out at four different cell pressures of 4 MPa, 8 MPa, 16 MPa, and 32 MPa in tandem with a non-destructive acoustic emission technique. Subsequently, the rock damage variables were identified based on elastic modulus and acoustic emission ringing counts. It has been revealed that the acoustic emission positioning points reflected that the cracks would be concentrated near the surface of main fracture at higher cell pressures. Notably, the rock samples at 0 freeze-thaw cycles failed in pure shear. However, both shear slip and extension along the tensile cracks were observed at 20 freeze-thaw cycles, while tensile-oblique shear failure occurred at 40 freeze-thaw cycles. Not surprisingly, the decreasing order of deterioration inside the rock was observed to be (drying group) > (pH = 7 group) > (pH = 2 group). The peak values of damage variables in these three groups were also found to be consistent with the deterioration trend observed under freeze-thaw cycles. Finally, the semi-empirical damage model could rigorously ascertain stress and deformation behavior of rock samples, thus providing theoretical basis to establish a protection framework for Helankou relics.

Sea-level change and human occupation over 6000 years on Areoso Island (Ría de Arousa, NW Iberian Peninsula)

Coastal areas are extremely sensitive to variations in environmental conditions. The interaction of marine and continental processes causes a high degree of dynamism, generating depositional formations of great value for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. This paper focuses on two pedostratigraphic deposits located under the current beach, in close proximity to archaeological tumuli located on Areoso Island (Ría de Arousa, NW Iberian Peninsula). Employing a geoarchaeological approach, sea-level rise, environmental conditions and human occupation over a 6000-year period are interpreted. The results of granulometric and mineralogical data, elemental composition and stratigraphic features, help to identify three successive environments: continental (rock weathering, soil formation and erosion); a transition to a coastal environment; and the establishment of full coastal conditions. The geomorphological evolution of the last 6.0 kyr BP has been controlled by climate, sea-level rise and human activity. The continental facies shows evidence of low sea-level up to 4.8 kyr BP and the first evidence of coastal processes after 3.2 kyr BP. These pedostratigraphic deposits located in an open coastal system improve the Holocene sea-level rise curve in the NW Iberian Peninsula and help to understand the context in which the most important archaeological structures on the island (the tumuli) began to be eroded.

Veliger density and environmental conditions control quagga mussel colonization rates in two perialpine lakes

Quagga and zebra mussels (Dreissena bugensis and D. polymorpha) are spreading across lakes in Europe and North America. In particular, quagga mussels colonize lakes to great depths (>200 m). To better understand the colonization pattern of quagga mussels in deep lakes, we studied the settlement of quagga mussels along a depth gradient on colonization plates at multiple depths (1–140 m) in the pelagic zone of two recently invaded perialpine lakes, Lake Constance and Lake Geneva. We measured colonization rates every three months over one year on colonization plates deployed in both lakes at defined depths. We also assessed long-term population dynamics from abundance and size distribution using repeated photogrammetry of colonization plates. Highest colonization rates and largest mussel sizes occurred above 8 m depth, and almost no zebra mussels were found. Colonization rates decreased to almost zero below 30 m. Colonization rates on plates were associated with variation in environmental conditions as well as veliger densities in the plankton across season and depth. Temperature was the most important environmental parameter that influenced colonization. Our results will help to better understand the seasonal colonization patterns of invasive quagga mussels in deep lakes.

Role of microbes in alleviating abiotic stress in plants

The leading threat to agricultural productivity is the recurrent variations in environmental conditions. A battery of abiotic stresses namely flooding, salinity, temperature, drought, heavy metal toxicities, nutrient deficiencies and oxidative stress causes irreversible damage resulting in loss of plant’s vigor and yield. The relationship between plants and microorganisms is a highly dynamic system. The plant microbiome consists of plant growth-promoting bacteria and fungi. In the last decade, many microbes that give hosts the ability to withstand abiotic stress have been characterized in detail. Their beneficial association with plants enables the plant to endure different stresses imposed on them thereby enhancing the plant's sustainability and productivity. For sustainable agriculture, it is very significant to comprehend microbiome-assisted mechanisms for mitigating abiotic stress. This review will shed light on the current knowledge about the roles of various microorganisms in mitigating against abiotic stresses. The understanding of these mechanisms will help to increase the yield of plants and meet the food demands of the expanding population.

Critical role of multidimensional biodiversity in contributing to ecosystem sustainability under global change

The 21st century has seen an acceleration of global change, including climate change, elevated carbon dioxide, nitrogen deposition, and land-use intensification, which poses a significant threat to ecosystem functioning. Nevertheless, studies on the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) have consistently demonstrated that biodiversity enhances ecosystem functioning and its stability, even in variable environmental conditions. These findings potentially indicate the critical role of biodiversity in promoting sustainable provisioning of ecosystem functioning under global change. Our paper provides a comprehensive review of current BEF research and the response of BEF to multiple global change factors. We demonstrate that (1) assessing the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning requires consideration of multiple dimensions of diversity, such as diversity across multiple trophic levels (plants, animals, and microbes), multiple facets (taxonomy, functional traits, and phylogeny), and multiple spatial scales (local, regional, and landscape scales). (2) The interaction of multiple global change factors may lead to a greater reduction in biodiversity and ecosystem functioning than a single global change factor. (3) Multidimensional biodiversity regulates the response of ecosystem functioning to global change factors, indicating that high levels of multidimensional biodiversity can mitigate the negative impacts of global change on ecosystem functioning. Overall, we emphasize that recognizing the importance of multidimensional biodiversity is critical for sustaining ecosystem functioning. Therefore, prioritizing conservation efforts to maintain and enhance all dimensions of biodiversity is essential to address the challenges of future global change.