Variation In Intake Research Articles

The Effect of Walnut Supplementation on Dietary Polyphenol Intake in the Walnuts and Healthy Aging Study (WAHA)

ObjectivesThe effect of a daily walnut supplement on the intake of total dietary polyphenols and subclasses in a free-living elderly population. MethodsIn this 2-year prospective, randomized intervention trial, dietary polyphenol intake of participants who added walnuts daily to their diets at 15% of daily energy were compared to those in the control group that consumed a walnut-free habitual diet. Walnut group participants received 28, 42, or 56 g/d of packaged walnuts. Dietary polyphenols and subclasses were estimated from multiple unannounced 24-hours dietary recalls, and nutrient data were obtained using the Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR) software version 2013 (Nutrition Coordinating Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN). Phenolic estimates were derived from Phenol-Explorer database version 3.6 (June 2015). All polyphenol intake variables were energy-adjusted, and Mann-Whitney tests were used for comparison between treatments. Total polyphenol rich foods were categorized into food groups and ranked from highest to lowest per contributing food sources. ResultsCompared to the control group, participants in the walnut group had a higher intake of total polyphenol, total flavonoids, flavanols, and phenolic acid in mg/d (IQR): 2480 (1955, 3145) vs 1897 (1369, 2496) (P < 0.001); 56 (42, 84) vs 29 (15, 54) (P < 0.001); 174 (90, 298) vs 140 (61, 277) (p = 0.036); and 368 (246, 569) vs 242 (89, 398) (P < 0.001) respectively. Food categories contributing to total dietary polyphenols per 100 grams of intake ranked from highest to lowest in mg/d (SD) were: beverages 846 (726), fruits 397 (334), nuts and seeds 344 (329), legumes 281 (619), vegetables 248 (258), grains 127 (139), chocolates 100 (233), spices 26 (77), and fats/oils 7 (6). ConclusionsThe walnut group had a higher intake of dietary polyphenols compared to those in the control group. Nuts and seeds were the third highest contributing source of total polyphenol in the diets of participants in this study, suggesting that a single food like walnuts added to the daily diet can increase polyphenol intake in a population. Funding SourcesThis study was supported by a grant from the California Walnut Commission, Sacramento, CA, USA.

The Role of Emotional Eating A Mediator in Relationship between Sleep Duration and Quality with Carbohydrate Intake among Pregnant Women

Carbohydrate is one of the nutrients that is needed during pregnancy. Increased demand during pregnancy causes pregnant women to consume carbohydrates in excess, which occurs due to emotional eating. The increment of emotional eating is assumed to be triggered by insufficient sleep duration and poor sleep quality. This study was aimed to investigate the role of emotional eating as mediator in relationship between sleep duration and quality with carbohydrate intake among pregnant women. This study applied an analytic survey with cross-sectional design on 105 pregnant women in the second and third trimesters at Bondowoso District were sampled through multistage random sampling technique. In this study, the exogenous variables were sleep duration and quality. Meanwhile, the endogenous variables were carbohydrate intake. Emotional eating was the mediator. Data were collected using the Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and 3×24 hours food recall. Data were analyzed using path analysis. There was a direct relationship between duration and quality of sleep with emotional eating (P &lt;0.001 dan 0.002). Sleep duration and quality were not directly associated to carbohydrate intake (P 0.817 dan 0.z724). A direct relationship was shown by emotional eating and carbohydrate intake variables (P&lt;0.001). It is concluded that emotional eating plays a role in the indirect relationship between sleep duration and quality with carbohydrate intake for pregnant women in the second and third trimesters. Pregnant women should be able to regulate sleep patterns and dietary intake.

Thirst in stable heart failure patients; time to reconsider fluid restriction and prescribed diuretics.

AimsOne of the bothersome symptoms that heart failure (HF) patients can experience is thirst. There are limited data on the association between thirst and fluid intake and clinical variables. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe severe thirst in stable HF patients and assess factors related to severe thirst, including actual fluid intake and sodium intake.Methods and resultsThe study had a cross‐sectional design. Stable HF patients from two HF clinics in the Netherlands were included and assessed thirst by a visual analogue scale ranging from 0 to 100. They also completed questionnaires on thirst distress, self‐care behaviour, and HF symptoms. A 3 day food diary was completed to assess actual fluid intake and sodium intake. Finally, patients collected urine for 24 h. Patients were divided into severe and low thirst based on thirst score and thirst distress. T‐tests, Mann–Whitney tests, and χ 2 tests were conducted to assess differences between both groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess factors associated with severe thirst. A total of 100 patients were included (40% female, mean age 72 ± 12) of which 68 completed the food diary. The mean thirst score was 28 ± 25, and 25% experienced severe thirst. The majority of patients (94%) were prescribed a fluid restriction, 37% had a restriction between 1500 and 2000 mL, and 32% a restriction of 1500 mL. Severe thirst in the total group with 100 patients was associated with a higher dose of loop diuretics [odds ratio (OR) 3.25; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–10.45; P = 0.048] and a higher urine output over 24 h (OR 1.002; 95% CI 1.00–1.003; P = 0.010). In the group of patients who completed the food diary (N = 68), severe thirst was associated with a higher sodium intake (OR 1.002; 95% CI 1.001–1.003; P = 0.003), a higher dose of loop diuretics (OR 22.69; 95% CI 2.78–185.04; P = 0.004), and more fatigue (OR 11.2; 95% CI 1.54–82.12; P = 0.017).ConclusionsA quarter of all stable HF patients experienced severe thirst. A higher dose of loop diuretics was associated with more thirst; therefore, it might be important to review the dose of loop diuretics critically and try to decrease it in order to relieve severe thirst. Because all patients were prescribed a fluid restriction, a reconsideration of this restriction is also suggested.

Application of machine learning to optimize the combustion characteristics of RCCI engine over wide load range

The objective of this study is to investigate, optimize, and compare the combustion features and intake variables affecting the kinetics of gasoline/diesel RCCI engine by applying the genetic algorithm. Six decision variables include the fuel flow rate (FFR), premixed fuel rate (PFR), exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rate, first injection mass ratio (IMR1), and the first and the second start of injection (SOI1 and SOI2). The objective of the optimization was to simultaneously maximize the engine gross indicated efficiency (GIE), the second law efficiency (SLE), and minimize exhaust emissions and the maximum pressure rise rate. The optimal space filling design of experiment method was applied to evaluate the effect of the decision variables on the objective functions with a minimum number of numerical experiments. The relationships between the decision variables and objective functions were approximated by the genetic aggregation response surface model. Finally, the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II was employed to find the optimum values. In the optimal case GIE, SLE, and Fmerit increased by 1.56%, 1.25%, and 15.14% while NOx concentration and engine noise reduced by 16.67% and 33.45%, respectively. The best range of SOI2 for GIE is between –22 and −14 degrees ATDC, while for improving SLE, SOI2 should be advance. Sensitivity analysis shows that PFR and FFR are the most influential variables to moderate the combustion kinetics and increasing IMR1 has the proper effect on combustion by creating more opportunities for a homogeneous charge and reducing hot spots.

Effects of oxycodone self‐administration on sleep duration and quality in male and female rats

Many symptoms associated with opioid withdrawal contribute to continued used and relapse. Long‐lasting sleep disturbances are common symptoms of opioid use and withdrawal, contributing to high rates of relapse. Thus, reducing sleep impairments during abstinence may be a novel and effective treatment approach for opioid use disorder. Understanding the acute and long‐term effects of opioid exposure on sleep is critical, yet understudied in animal models of opioid use disorder (OUD). Although oxycodone is widely used medically and recreationally, no study to date has assessed progressive changes in sleep/wake architecture following oxycodone self‐administration in animals.In the present studies, male (n=12) and female (n=6) Sprague Dawley rats were implanted with both electroencephalography (EEG) recording devices and intravenous jugular catheters to monitor sleep duration and quality prior to and following oxycodone self‐administration. Rats were first trained to self‐administer sucrose pellets on a fixed ratio 3 (FR3) schedule of reinforcement during the first 2 hours of the dark cycle. Next, half of the rats continued to self‐administer sucrose pellets, while the other half self‐administered oxycodone (0.1 mg/kg/inf) for 30 days. Rats then underwent 20 days of extinction where the reinforcer and light cues were absent and responding had no scheduled consequences. EEG recordings were collected on the last day of sucrose pellet self‐administration and every 5th day of oxycodone self‐administration or abstinence. EEGs were recorded from each rats’ homecage, following completion of each self‐administration session and lasted for 21 hours. EEG data were analyzed using Neuroscore software, each 10s epoch was manually scored as wake, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, non‐REM (NREM) sleep. Sleep and quantitative EEG were examined using within‐subject changes from a drug‐free baseline as well as between‐subject changes (oxycodone vs sucrose pellet self‐administration) using custom Matlab scripts and GraphPad prism.On average, rats self‐administered 2.6 mg/kg oxycodone per 2‐hr session, with considerable variability in overall intake (0.8‐5mg/kg per day). Preliminary analysis suggests subtle alterations in sleep duration across the self‐administration period. Specifically, acute increases in time awake were present within the first 3 hours following self‐administration, yet dissipated across the 30 day self‐administration period. Group effects on sleep duration during abstinence were not found. State‐dependent spectral analysis is still ongoing, but preliminary data suggest sleep quality (e.g. delta power during non‐REM sleep) is reduced during the initial week of self‐administration and rebounds during abstinence. Correlative analyses between intake and sleep measures are still ongoing. Understanding the direct and long‐lasting pharmacological effects of oxycodone self‐administration on sleep will be beneficial to examine novel pharmacotherapies to ameliorate sleep disturbances associated with OUD.

Using Water Intake Dietary Recall Data to Provide a Window into US Water Insecurity

BackgroundIn the United States, problems with the provision of safe, affordable water have resulted in an increasing number of adults who avoid their tap water, which could indicate underlying water insecurity. Dietary recalls provide critical nutritional surveillance data, yet have been underexplored as a water insecurity monitoring tool. ObjectivesThis article aims to demonstrate how water intake variables from dietary recall data relate to and predict a key water insecurity proxy, that is, tap water avoidance. MethodsUsing 2005–2018 NHANES data from 32,329 adults, I examine distributions and trends of mean intakes of total, plain (sum of tap and bottled water), tap, and bottled water, and percentage consuming no tap and exclusive bottled water. Second, I use multiple linear and logistic regressions to test how tap water avoidance relates to plain water intake and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption. Next, I use receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves to test the predictive accuracy of no plain water, no tap, and exclusive bottled water intake, and varying percentages of plain water consumed from tap water compared with tap water avoidance. ResultsTrends indicate increasing plain water intake between 2005 and 2018, driven by increasing bottled water intake. In 2017–18, 51.4% of adults did not drink tap water on a given day, whereas 35.8% exclusively consumed bottled water. Adults who avoided their tap water consumed less tap and plain water, and significantly more bottled water and SSBs on a given day. No tap intake and categories of tap water intake produced 77% and 78% areas under the ROC curve in predicting tap water avoidance. ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that water intake variables from dietary recalls can be used to accurately predict tap water avoidance and provide a window into water insecurity. Growing reliance on bottled water could indicate increasing concerns about tap water.

Impact of Helicobacter pylori Eradication on the Risk of Incident Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Cohort Study

Background/Aims: Previous studies have reported an association between &lt;i&gt;Helicobacter pylori&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;H. pylori&lt;/i&gt;) infection and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Our study examined whether eradication for &lt;i&gt;H. pylori&lt;/i&gt; infection reduces the risk of incident NAFLD.Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study examined 3,780 adults who had no NAFLD at baseline but were infected with &lt;i&gt;H. pylori&lt;/i&gt;. The study population was followed from January 1995 until January 2020. &lt;i&gt;H. pylori&lt;/i&gt; infection was determined by an &lt;i&gt;H. pylori&lt;/i&gt;-specific IgG antibody test. Fatty liver was diagnosed by ultrasound.Results: During a median follow-up of 7.9 years, 1,294 participants developed NAFLD. In a multivariable model adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking status, alcohol intake, and metabolic variables, the uneradicated (for &lt;i&gt;H. pylori&lt;/i&gt;) group exhibited a higher risk of incident NAFLD than the eradicated group (hazard ratio [HR], 1.36; 95% CI, 1.18~1.56). The multivariable analysis also demonstrated that higher BMI, current smoking and several metabolic abnormalities were significant risk factors for NAFLD. Subgroup analyses revealed that persistent &lt;i&gt;H. pylori&lt;/i&gt; infection correlated with an increased risk of NAFLD. &lt;i&gt;H. pylori&lt;/i&gt; eradication was associated with a decreased risk of NAFLD development.Conclusions: &lt;i&gt;H. pylori&lt;/i&gt; infection may have a pathophysiological role in NAFLD development. Hence, successful eradication of &lt;i&gt;H. pylori&lt;/i&gt; decreases the risk of incident NAFLD.

Early weaning and family characteristics are associated with greater sodium intake in children between 13 and 35 months: BRISA birth cohort.

Children are consuming less healthy foods, and this eating behaviour exposes the child to greater Na intake. The association between family, maternal and child characteristics with Na intake by children aged 13-35 months was evaluated. A study carried out with retrospective data on 1,185 children from the Brisa cohort. The children's dietary Na intake was assessed by a 24-h diet recall survey. Values ≥ 1200 mg were considered excessive intake. The association between Na intake and independent variables was assessed by a three-level logistic hierarchical regression model. Variables with P-value < 0·05 were retained in the model. Most children were male (51·2 %), eutrophic (63·2 %) and not exclusively breast-feeding (EBF) for 6 months (58·4 %). The average Na intake was 925 mg (±410·4). The prevalence of excessive Na intake was 18·5 % and was associated with the variables children of younger mothers (< 20 years old OR = 4·04, 95 % CI 1·64, 9·99; ≥ 20 to < 35 years old OR = 2·48, 95 % CI 1·10, 5·63), having four or more children (OR = 2·51, 95 % CI 1·29, 4·89), lower family income (≥ 1 and < 3 minimum wages OR = 0·60, 95 % CI 0·39, 0·93; ≥ 3 minimum wages OR = 0·50, 95 % CI 0·30, 0·82) and not being EBF until 6 months (OR = 1·64, 95 % CI 1·14, 2·34). The average Na intake of children was higher than the recommendation for adequate intake, pointing to a high consumption of this micronutrient in the first years of life. Excessive Na intake seems to be linked to unfavourable socio-economic conditions. Avoiding early weaning is the only possible intervention in this scenario.

Body mass variability in age-matched outbred male Swiss mice is associated to differential control of food intake by ghrelin

Swiss mice belong to an outbred strain of mice largely used as a model for experimental obesity induced by high fat diet (HFD). We have previously demonstrated that a given cohort of age-matched Swiss mice is hallmarked by heterogeneous changes in body weight when exposed to HFD. The reasons underlying such variability, however, are not completely understood. Therefore we aimed to clarify the mechanisms underlying the variability in spontaneous weight gain in age-matched male swiss mice. To achieve that, individuals in a cohort of age-matched male Swiss mice were categorized as prone to body mass gain (PBMG) and resistant to body mass gain (RBMG). PBMG animals had higher caloric intake and body mass gain. RBMG and PBMG mice had a similar reduction in food intake when challenged with leptin but only RBMG exhibited a drop in ghrelin concentrations after refeeding. PBMG also showed increased midbrain levels of ghrelin receptor (Ghsr) and Dopamine receptor d2 (Drd2) mRNAs upon refeeding. Pharmacological blockade of GHSR with JMV3002 failed to reduce food intake in PMBG mice as it did in RBMG. On the other hand, the response to JMV3002 seen in PBMG was hallmarked by singular transcriptional response in the midbrain characterized by a simultaneous increase in both tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) and Proopiomelanocortin (Pomc) expressions. In conclusion, our data show that differences in the expression of genes related to the reward system in the midbrain as well as in ghrelin concentrations in serum correlate with spontaneous variability in body mass and food intake seen in age-matched male Swiss mice.

Risk Factors of Stunting in Toddlers 24-59 Months in Rembang Regency, Indonesia

Rembang Regency is an area in Central Java with a fairly high stunting rate, in 2017 it reached 32.36%. The Sedan Health Center is located in Rembang Regency with a stunting prevalence in 2019 of 7.16%. This is still a serious problem in the region. Risk factors for stunting include child and maternal risk factors. Child risk factors include food intake, birth weight, gender, history of chronic disease, history of breastfeeding, complementary foods, socio-economic, environmental sanitation, and immunization status. The purpose of this study was to determine what factors influence stunting in the working area of the Sedan Health Center. This research used observational analytic research with a case-control design and has been matched based on age. The research was carried out from January-February 2021. The number of samples was 45 cases (stunted toddlers) and 45 controls (non-stunted toddlers). Data were collected by measuring the height of children under five and interviewing with a questionnaire. Data analysis used the chi-square test and logistic regression test. Variables of energy intake (p=0.000), protein, history of exclusive breastfeeding (p=0.000), history of complementary feeding (p=0.000), number of family members (p=0.001), and family sanitation (p=0.000) had significant outcome was associated with the incidence of stunting. The most influential factor is the history of complementary foods. Stunting cases occur in children with low energy and protein intake. A varied food intake especially with a high-calorie and high-protein composition can prevent children from stunting.

Predictors of protein intake among people who inject drugs in Los Angeles and San Francisco, California.

While inadequate nutrition can weaken the immune system and lead to negative health sequelae for vulnerable populations, little is known about nutritional intake among people who inject drugs (PWID). We aimed to quantify nutritional intake among PWID and to explore associations between protein intake and drug use. A cross-sectional design was used to analyze self-reported participant data. PWID were recruited from community settings in California in 2016/2017. Participants reported on food consumption per day for a 30-day period, from which a continuous protein intake variable was created. Modal characteristics of participants (N = 937) were: white (42.5%), male (75.3%), healthy body mass index (BMI) (56.6%), and unhoused (82.9%). Less than 1% of participants met or exceeded recommended guidelines for protein intake (0.80 g/day/1 kg body weight). The final multiple regression model found protein intake to be significantly positively associated with older age, high school or greater education, frequency of opiate and marijuana use, while Latinx ethnicity was inversely associated with protein intake, adjusting for gender. Our study shows PWID are generally not underweight, yet they are grossly protein deficient, which can be harder to recognize. Poverty, homelessness, and other structural barriers likely contribute to this issue, which demonstrates the need for communities to provide more access to nutrient-rich food to PWID. Our study demonstrates the novel findings that opiate and marijuana use frequency, but not stimulants (methamphetamine and cocaine) may increase preference for protein-rich foods among PWID.

Effects of sodium intake and cardiorespiratory fitness on body composition and genetic susceptibility to obesity: results from the Quebec Family Study.

The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Na intake and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on body composition. The study was also intended to assess whether Na intake and/or CRF mediate the genetic susceptibility to obesity. Analyses were performed on a sample of 526 adult participants from the Quebec Family Study for whom a complete data set was available for nutrient and energy intake, CRF and body composition variables. The effects of Na, CRF and their interaction were analysed by comparing sex-specific tertiles using general linear mixed models. In both males and females, we observed a significant effect of Na intake and CRF on all body composition variables. However, in females only, we found that the effect of Na intake on body composition variables varies according to CRF level such that high Na intake was associated with increased body fatness, but only in females with low CRF. This interaction effect remained significant after statistical adjustment for total sugar, fat and energy intake. Using mediation analysis, we also found Na intake and CRF to be significant mediators of the relationship between a polygenic risk score of obesity based on > 500000 genetic variants and BMI or waist circumference. In conclusion, the current study shows that Na intake influences body composition via mechanisms that interact with aerobic fitness, especially in females. Furthermore, both Na intake and CRF seem to be involved in the expression of the genetic susceptibility to obesity.

Associations Between Dietary Patterns and Incident Type 2 Diabetes: Prospective Cohort Study of 120,343 UK Biobank Participants.

To identify dietary patterns (DPs) characterized by a set of nutrients of concern and their association with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D). A total of 120,343 participants from the U.K. Biobank study with at least two 24 h dietary assessments were studied. Reduced rank regression was used to derive DPs explaining variability in energy density, free sugars, saturated fat, and fiber intakes. We investigated prospective associations with T2D using Cox proportional hazard models. Over 8.4 years of follow-up from the latest dietary assessment, 2,878 participants developed T2D. Two DPs were identified that jointly explained a total of 63% variation in four nutrients. DP1 was characterized by high intakes of chocolate and confectionery, butter, low-fiber bread, and sugars and preserves, and low intakes of fruits and vegetables. DP1 was linearly associated with T2D in multivariable models without BMI adjustment (per z score, hazard ratio [HR] 1.11 [95% CI 1.08-1.14]) and after BMI adjustment (HR 1.09 [95% CI 1.06-1.12]). DP2 was characterized by high intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages, fruit juice, table sugars and preserves, and low intakes of high-fat cheese and butter, but showed no clear association with T2D. There were significant interactions between both DPs and age, with increased risks among younger people in DP1 (HR 1.13 [95% CI 1.09-1.18]) and DP2 (HR 1.10 [95% CI 1.05-1.15]), as well as with DP1 and BMI, with increased risks among people with obesity (HR 1.11 [95% CI 1.07-1.16]). A DP characterized by high intakes of chocolate and confectionery, butter, low-fiber bread, and added sugars, and low in fresh fruits and vegetables intake is associated with a higher incidence of T2D, particularly among younger people and those with obesity.

Exposome-wide ranking of modifiable risk factors for cardiometabolic disease traits

The present study assessed the temporal associations of ~ 300 lifestyle exposures with nine cardiometabolic traits to identify exposures/exposure groups that might inform lifestyle interventions for the reduction of cardiometabolic disease risk. The analyses were undertaken in a longitudinal sample comprising > 31,000 adults living in northern Sweden. Linear mixed models were used to assess the average associations of lifestyle exposures and linear regression models were used to test associations with 10-year change in the cardiometabolic traits. ‘Physical activity’ and ‘General Health’ were the exposure categories containing the highest number of ‘tentative signals’ in analyses assessing the average association of lifestyle variables, while ‘Tobacco use’ was the top category for the 10-year change association analyses. Eleven modifiable variables showed a consistent average association among the majority of cardiometabolic traits. These variables belonged to the domains: (i) Smoking, (ii) Beverage (filtered coffee), (iii) physical activity, (iv) alcohol intake, and (v) specific variables related to Nordic lifestyle (hunting/fishing during leisure time and boiled coffee consumption). We used an agnostic, data-driven approach to assess a wide range of established and novel risk factors for cardiometabolic disease. Our findings highlight key variables, along with their respective effect estimates, that might be prioritised for subsequent prediction models and lifestyle interventions.

Associations of Wearable Sensor Measures With Feed Intake, Production Traits, Lactation, and Environmental Parameters Impacting Feed Efficiency in Dairy Cattle

Feed efficiency is an important trait to dairy production because of its impact on sustainability and profitability. Measuring individual cow feed intake on commercial farms would be unfeasibly costly at present. Thus, developing cheap and portable indicators of feed intake would be highly beneficial for genetic selection and precision feeding management tools. Given the growing use of automated sensors on dairy farms, the objective of this study was to determine the relationship between measurements recorded from multiple wearable sensors and feed intake. A total of three different wearable sensors were evaluated for their association with dry mater intake (DMI). The sensors measured activity (sensors = 3), rumination (sensors = 1), ear temperature (sensors = 1), rumen pH (sensors = 1) and rumen temperature (sensors = 1). A range of 56–340 cows with assorted sensors from 24 to 313 days in milk (DIM) were modeled to evaluate associations with DIM, parity, and contemporary group (CG; comprised of pen and study cohort). Models extending upon these variables included known energy sinks (i.e., milk production, milk fat/protein and metabolic body weight), to characterize the association of sensors measures and DMI. Statistically significant (i.e., P &amp;lt; 0.05) regression coefficients for individual sensor measures with DMI ranged from 9.01E-07 to −3.45 kg DMI/day. When integrating all measures from a single sensor in a model, estimated regression coefficients ranged 8.83E-07 to −3.48 kg DMI/day. Significant associations were also identified for milk production traits, parity, DIM and CG. Associations tended to be highest for timepoints around the time of feeding and when multiple measurements within a sensor were integrated in a single model. The findings of this study indicate sensor measures are associated with feed intake and other energy sink traits and variables impacting feed efficiency. This information would be helpful to improve feed and feeding efficiency on commercial farms as proxy measurements for feed intake.

Determinants of physical function in community dwelling old people

Background. Poor physical function is associated with disability and mortality in old people. Objectives. The aim was to find determinants of physical function in old people. Design. Secondary, cross-sectional analysis.Setting. Community in the Reykjavik, Iceland.Participants. 236 old people (73.7 ± 5.7 years, 58.2% female).Measurements. Timed-up-and-go (TUG), six-minute-walk-for-distance (6MWD), anthropometrics, quadriceps strength, dietary intake, mini-mental-state-examination (MMSE), leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and blood variables were assessed. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses were used.Results. There were differences between men and women in energy intake, body composition and muscular strength, but physical function did not differ between men and women. In bivariate analysis, most of the assessed variables correlated with 6MWD and TUG. Stepwise linear models showed that age, body composition, strength, medication, LTPA and MMSE were predictors of physical function but not hematological variables. The association between MMSE and function disappeared when corrected for strength/body weight. Results were similar for both 6MWD and TUG and the strongest predictors in the final models were age and quadriceps strength/body weight. Conclusions. In community dwelling old people, physical function decreases with age. However, it is of clinical relevance that there are modifiable determinants of physical function, in particular strength for a given body weight, LTPA and number of medications, which represent potential targets to maintain physical function in this age group. Our results also indicate that neither cognitive function, nor dietary intake nor blood chemical variables were independently associated with physical function.

Severity of protein-energy wasting and obesity are independently related with poor quality of life in peritoneal dialysis patients

Protein-energy wasting (PEW) and poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are independently associated with morbi-mortality in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). PEW may reduce HRQoL; however, we hypothesized HRQoL is affected differentially by PEW degrees or by individual criteria of nutritional status. AimTo evaluate HRQoL according to PEW severity and nutritional status indicators in CAPD.This is a cross-sectional study in 151 patients. Subjective global assessment (SGA) was employed, and nutritional status classified as normal, mild-moderate PEW, and severe PEW. HRQoL was evaluated using Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form™, including physical (PCS), mental (MCS) and kidney disease (KDCS) components, and their subscales. Dietary intake, anthropometric and biochemical variables were measured.Forty-six percent of patients were well-nourished, 44% had mild-moderate PEW, and 10% severe PEW. Compared with well-nourished patients, those with mild-moderate (p=0.06) and severe (p=0.005) PEW had lower HRQoL score [68 (52–75), 55 (45–72), 46 (43–58), respectively]. PCS, MCS, and KDCS and their subscales had lower values as PEW was more severe. Patients with obesity and hypoalbuminemia had significantly lower HRQoL overall and component scores than their counterparts. Dietary intake was not associated with quality of life. In multivariate analysis obesity, PEW (by SGA), hypoalbuminemia, and low educational level predicted poor HRQoL (χ2 58.2, p<0.0001).As conclusion, PEW severity was related with worse HRQoL, either as overall score or in every component or subscale in CAPD patients. Poor HRQoL was predicted independently by PEW severity and obesity; additional predictors were hypoalbuminemia and low education.

The association of body image, percent body fat, nutrient intake, physical activity among adolescent

PurposeObesity in adolescents has been a severe public health problem in developing countries in recent years. This study aims to assess the differences in socioeconomic, nutrition knowledge, breakfast habits, body image, physical activity, smoking, total sleep quality and nutrient intake between obese and non-obese adolescents.Design/methodology/approachThis cross-sectional study with 2,432 adolescents (16–18 years) was conducted at senior high schools in DKI Jakarta from January to November 2019. Body image, percent body fat, nutrition intake and physical activity variables were collected.FindingsThis study found that more than 30% of adolescents in DKI Jakarta were overweight and obese. Overall, adolescents have a 56.3% positive body image, participate in moderate-intensity physical activity (49.02%), and smoke was found at a rate of 6.9%. The average total sleep quality was 71.3% fair and nutrient intakes 1599 ± 413 calories. The findings suggest that monthly income (p= 0.001,p= 0.016), energy intake (p= 0.005,p= 0.019) and total sleep quality (p= 0.008,p= 0.04) variables were consistently associated with nutritional status and percent body fat. Moreover, the body image perception (p= 0.035) variable had a negative correlation with nutritional status, and the smoking habits variable (p= 0.001) had a negative correlation with percent body fat.Originality/valueThis study provides empirical evidence that establishes the association between monthly income, energy intake, total sleep quality with nutritional status and body fat percentage in adolescents.

Effects of monensin and protein supplementation on intake, digestion, and ruminal fermentation in beef cattle consuming low-quality forage

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of monensin and protein supplementation and their interaction on intake, apparent digestion, and ruminal fermentation variables in cattle consuming low-quality forage. Four ruminally cannulated cows (637 ± 24 kg of BW) were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Treatments were arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial: (1) monensin (0 or 200 mg∙cow −1 ∙d −1 ) and (2) protein (0 or 0.64 kg∙cow −1 ∙d −1 CP). Day 1 through 4 of each period, animals were fed only low-quality forage, d 5 through 14 allowed for treatment adaptation, and d 15 through 20 were for sample collection. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc.). Neither a monensin × protein interaction nor a monensin effect ( P ≥ 0.30) was observed for any intake or digestion variable measured. In contrast, protein treatment increased ( P < 0.01) all measures of intake. Protein increased ( P < 0.01) OM digestibility, total digestible OM intake, and total digestible NDF intake but had no effect ( P = 0.13) on NDF digestibility. A monensin × protein interaction ( P = 0.33) or monensin effect ( P = 0.34) were not observed for total VFA concentration, but protein increased ( P < 0.01) total VFA concentration. A tendency for monensin × protein interaction was observed for the acetate:propionate ratio ( P = 0.06) and molar percentage of propionate. Monensin increased ( P < 0.01) molar percentage of propionate but had no effect ( P = 0.21) on acetate. Although monensin altered ruminal VFA profiles, providing monensin to cows consuming a low-quality-forage diet provided no benefits in forage intake or digestion.

Pengaruh Antara Peran Tenaga Kesehatan, Asupan Nutrisi, dan Breast Care Terhadap Kelancaran Pengeluaran ASI pada Ibu Postpartum

Introduction: Based on the health profile of West Java Province in 2012 as many as 8.7 percent of mothers in Karawang District gave exclusive breastfeeding until their babies were 6 months old. Based on preliminary study data conducted by the researcher in the working area of the UPTD of the Loji Health Center with 10 respondents the results were exclusive breastfeeding reaching 45% per 100 births. Methods: The method used in this study is cross-sectional, which is a sample of 60 respondents. While the analysis technique uses a quantitative approach and analysis using the smartPLS software application approach and Special Package for Statistic Science (SPSS). Results: The results of the study show that there is an influence between research variables. Variables of nutrient intake showed the greatest influence on the smooth expenditure of Asi, with a correlation value of 30.2% compared to other values, the variable influence of the role of health personnel is 16.9% and the effect of breast care is 27.9%. Each variable gives a contribution value and the data variability value is 75.2%. Discussion: variable nutrient intake had the greatest influence against the smooth expenditure of ASI so it's suggested to the head health center and Coordinating Midwife to provide support and counseling about nutritional intake for breastfeeding mothers without food restrictions so that the production of breastmilk obtained is abundant.