Vanadium Pentoxide Research Articles

Preparation and Characterization of Vanadium Pentoxide and Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Use in Removing Tetracycline from Water

Preparation and Characterization of Vanadium Pentoxide and Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Use in Removing Tetracycline from Water

Antibacterial Activity of V2O5 Nanoparticles

The chemical synthesis of vanadium pentoxide nanoparticles (V2O5 NPs) is presented in this article. The formation of V2O5 NPs is confirmed by the 508 cm-1 band visible in the Fourier-transform infrared spectrum. According to the scanning electron microscopy analysis, the 40–50 nm-sized V2O5 NPs resemble sponges. The size of V2O5 NPs is in between 33.72 and 52.78 nm, as shown by XRD. The antibacterial capabilities of V2O5 NPs were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. Moderate antibacterial activity is exhibited by the synthesized V2O5 NPs.

Fabrication and Evaluation of Polyacrylate Nanocomposites Embedded With Metal Oxides as Enhanced Multipurpose Nanocarriers for Long‐Term Anti‐Inflammatory and Amazing Antimicrobial Properties

ABSTRACTThe design of super‐antimicrobially active multipurpose nanocarriers as polymeric nanocomposites embedded with metal oxides with sustained drug release is beneficial in medical treatment for controlling inflammation and targeting a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms. Brilliant metal oxide nanoparticles (MOx) involving selenium dioxide, titanium dioxide, and vanadium pentoxide were well prepared in good yields, and their morphologies and structures were specified. Then they were embedded in copolymeric nanocomposites through in situ microemulsion polymerization of (E)‐2‐cyano‐N‐cyclohexyl‐3‐(dimethylamino)acrylamide (CHAA) with methyl methacrylate (MMA), dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), and acrylic acid (AA). In addition, ibuprofen was then loaded into the synthesized polymers and their nanocomposites to achieve high drug entrapment efficiency EE%, and its release behavior was studied in various simulated fluids. The produced drug‐loaded polymers and their nanocomposites were characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). Well‐defined nanospheres of polymeric‐metal oxide nanocomposites were generated in a size range of 50 nm, with ibuprofen loaded at a high encapsulation efficiency of approximately 97%. In vitro drug release was inspected for the polymer and its nanocomposites revealing that the presence of metal oxide nanoparticles resulted in prolonged and sustained release behavior for wound dressing. The antimicrobial study based on the zone of inhibition against various pathogenic microorganisms showed excellent activity against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Helicobacter pylori, and Candida albicans. These findings validate the potential of these nanocomposites to serve as a viable upcoming antimicrobial agent for the treatment of human ailments.

An insight into synergistic effect of polyaniline and noble metal (Ag) on vanadium pentoxide nanorods for enhanced energe storage performance

The widespread applications of vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) are limited because of its low electrical conductivity and restricted ion diffusion coefficient. To address these constraints, the present study includes a straightforward and effective approach for fabricating polyaniline based silver-decorated vanadium pentoxide (Ag-V2O5/PANi) as an electrode material. The structural and morphological investigation of prepared electrode materials were made by X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy respectively. In comparison to pure Ag-V2O5, the Ag-V2O5/PANi composite demonstrated enhanced performance in various aspects. Specifically, the Ag-V2O5/PANi showed a higher specific capacitance (628 Fg−1) when subjected to a current density (1 Ag−1) in KOH electrolyte. Additionally, it has an energy density of 153 Whkg−1. Furthermore, the Ag-V2O5/PANi composite exhibited superior stability even after undergoing 3000 charge to discharge cycles. Exceptional capabilities shown can be ascribed to synergistic interaction between PANi and Ag-V2O5. The remarkable outcomes obtained from these electrode materials have the potential to foster novel prospects in high-energy-density storage systems.

Microstructural evolution and high temperature hot corrosion behaviour of AlCoCrFeNiTi high-entropy alloy coatings

The fuels used contain undesirable impurities such as Na, V, K, S, and Mg in gas turbine engines. These impurities react with hot components under service conditions, leading to the deterioration of the thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) structure and the formation of hot corrosion damage. In this study, metallic powders containing CoNiCrAlY were deposited as bond coat on Inconel 718 superalloy material using high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) coating technique. High entropy alloy (HEA) powder containing AlCoCrFeNiTi was synthesized as coating material using mechanical alloying (MA) method. AlCoCrFeNiTi powders were produced using atmospheric plasma spray (APS) coating technique. The produced coating system was subjected to hot corrosion tests at 700 °C and 800 °C temperatures for different time periods in corrosive environment conditions containing Na2SO4 (sodium sulfate) and V2O5 (vanadium pentoxide). Hot corrosion behavior of the coating system was determined, damage formations and degradation processes were investigated in detail. As a result of the determination and synthesis of HEA powder materials, production of coatings, experimental studies and hot corrosion test studies under service conditions, it was seen that the Ti-containing AlCoCrFeNi HEA coating system has usable qualities without any damage such as cracking, buckling or spalling.

Stabilizing zinc powder anodes via bifunctional MXene towards flexible zinc-ion batteries

Flexible zinc (Zn) batteries have gained considerable attention as wearable energy storage devices because of their inherent safety and high theoretical capacity. However, conventional Zn anodes suffer from dendrite growth, high rigidity, and poor cycling stability issues, hindering their practical application in flexible zinc-ion batteries. Herein, a dendrite-free and flexible Zn anode is designed using direct ink writing (DIW) printed MXene as a flexible and highly conductive current collector and MXene-wrapped Zn powder (ZnP) as the active material by carefully optimising the rheological properties of MXene-based dispersion. As a result, the synergistic effects of the MXene-based current collector and the MXene protective layer promoted dendrite-free Zn deposition and prevented side reactions, achieving an outstanding cycling performance that exceeded 130 h at a high depth of discharge of 30%. When paired with a Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5)-based cathode, the flexible full cell demonstrated stable electrochemical performance under mechanical deformation and can power electronic devices, presenting a promising pathway for the development of flexible zinc-ion batteries.

Developing an efficient anticorrosive system through advanced modification of plasma-electrolyzed MgO with CeNiLDH complexed with V₂O₅ nanoparticles and (2E)-But-2-enedioic acid

Advanced hybrid materials with unique properties are essential for addressing the demands of increasingly complex applications. Despite their importance, the self-assembly of layered double hydroxides (LDH) with metallic oxide nanoparticles and dicarboxylic acids is constrained by a limited understanding of the formation mechanisms and difficulties in evaluating their anticorrosive performance. In this study, we developed a novel anticorrosive system by intercalating CeNiLDH with a complex of vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) nanoparticles and (2E)‑but-2-enedioic acid ((2E)-BDA) on a MgO layer created through plasma-electrolysis of AZ31 Mg alloy. This system was compared with LDH films intercalated with either V₂O₅ or (2E)-BDA alone. The intercalation of LDH with V₂O₅ and (2E)-BDA resulted in a flower-like structure, while modification with their complex led to a more compact, cloud-like formation. These cloud-like structures, driven by enhanced absorption and robust hydrogen bonding throughout the hierarchical network, effectively suppress corrosion by delaying the movement of corrosive anions. This was reflected in a polarization resistance of 1.51 × 10¹⁰ Ω·cm², which is approximately two orders of magnitude times higher than the resistance of the unmodified LDH film (3.41 × 10⁸ Ω·cm²). Additionally, the corrosion current density (icorr) of the VOBDA sample showed a decrease by four orders of magnitude compared to the unmodified LDH sample, emphasizing the superior anticorrosive performance of this hybrid coating. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to elucidate the bonding and formation mechanisms between LDH and the inorganic-organic complex.

Low Dimensional vanadium pentoxide nanomaterial: Experimental and theoretical characterization on enhancing LED performance

Low Dimensional vanadium pentoxide nanomaterial: Experimental and theoretical characterization on enhancing LED performance

Interlayer engineering of V2O5·nH2O by conductive Ni-BTA enabling high-performance aqueous ammonium ion batteries

Aqueous ammonium ion batteries (AAIBs) are of interest due to the low molar mass, small hydration radius, abundant raw materials and high safety of the carrier ammonium-ion. Nevertheless, there are numerous constraints associated with electrode materials that are suitable for ammonium-ion storage. In this study, we design and synthesize a composite comprising of one-dimensional conductive metal-organic skeleton material (1D c-MOF) embedded between layers of hydrated vanadium pentoxide (VOH) with improved ammonium-ion storage. The central ion of the 1D c-MOF is selected to be the nickel ion, while the ligand is 1,2,4,5-benzenetetramine (BTA). The incorporation of Ni-BTA between the vanadium oxide layers results in the formation of a composite (Ni-BTA/VOH) exhibiting enhanced structural stability, augmented layer spacing and elevated conductivity. Furthermore, the dual energy storage mechanisms of VOH and CN rearrangement act in concert to yield a “1+1 > 2” effect, thereby markedly enhancing the ammonium-ion storage. The specific capacity of Ni-BTA/VOH can reach 183 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1, and the retention rate can reach 52.5 % after 500 cycles at 2 A g−1. This work not only proves the potential of Ni-BTA/VOH for widespread application in the field of aqueous batteries, but also provides a new method for structural engineering of VOH with boosted ammonium-ion storage properties.

Impacts of distorted local chemical coordination on electrochemical performance in hydrated vanadium pentoxide

Modulating and elevating the operating voltage of a given cathode is a significant challenge to enhance the energy density of secondary batteries without sacrificing power output. The chemical coordination strongly influences the energy levels of d-orbitals of redox cations in cathode materials, which tie to their operating voltage. In contrast to concentrated studies on enhancing the specific capacity, in this study, we choose bi-layered hydrated vanadium pentoxide as the model to modulate the d-orbital energy levels through local chemical coordination manipulation, achieving a higher operating voltage in rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries. Here we show that, by employing X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and pair distribution function (PDF) techniques, we can analyze the distortion of [VO6] octahedra and extract chemical bond information, deciphering the correlation between the chemical coordination and operating voltage in cathode materials. The fundamentals could guide the designing and developing RAZIBs with higher energy and power density.

Transition from p-type to n-type semiconductor in V₂O₅ nanowire-based gas sensors: Synthesis and understanding of the sensing mechanism

Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) nanowires (NWs) were grown via hydrothermal method, followed by annealing treatment at 500 °C in air. Morphological characterization showed that the V2O5 material consists of nanowires with a diameter of 200 nm and an average length of 2.5 μm. The nanowires were used to make an NH3 sensor that operates at room temperature (28 °C) and relative humidity of 40 % RH, giving a relative response of 6.0 % to 500 ppm. The V2O5 nanowires show a change in behavior from p-type semiconductor to n-type semiconductor when the temperature exceeds 50 °C. The maximum response (35 %) was recorded at a working temperature of 200 °C (when the semiconductor behaves as an n-semiconductor) and showed good response and recovery speed over 500 ppm NH3. The performance of the sensor was studied and a sensing mechanism that takes into account the change of majority charge carriers in the semiconductor was hypothesized.

Fulgide Derivatives as Photo-Switchable Coatings for Cathodes of Lithium Ion Batteries - A DFT Study.

Photo-switchable coatings for lithium ion batteries (LIB) can offer the possibility to control the diffusion processes from the electrode materials to the electrolyte and thus, for example, reducing the energy loss in the fully charged state. Fulgide derivatives, as known photo-switches, are investigated concerning their use as coating for vanadium pentoxide, a potential cathode material for LIB. With the help of Density Functional Theory calculations, two fulgide derivatives are characterized with respect to their photophysics, their aggregation behaviour on the cathode material and the ability to form self-assembled monolayers (SAM). Furthermore, the two states of the photo-switchable coating are tested with respect to lithium diffusion from the cathode material, passing the SAM and entering the electrolyte. We found a difference for the energy barriers depending on the state of the photo-switch, preferring its closed form. This behaviour can be used to prevent the loss of charge in batteries of portable devices.

Sensitivity of Capacity Fade in Vanadium Redox Flow Battery to Electrolyte Impurity Content.

The gradual capacity decrease of vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) over long-term charge-discharge cycling is determined by electrolyte degradation. While it was initially believed that this degradation was solely caused by crossover, recent research suggests that oxidative imbalance induced by hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) also plays a significant role. In this work by using vanadium pentoxides with different impurities content, we prepared three grades of vanadium electrolyte. By measuring electrochemical properties on carbon felt electrode in three-electrode cell and VRFB membrane-electrode assembly we evaluate the influence of impurity content on battery polarization and rate of side reactions which is indicated by the increase of average oxidation state (AOS) during charge-discharge tests and varies from 0.061 to 0.027 day-1 for electrolytes made from 99.1 and 99.9 wt % V2O5. We found that increase of AOS correlates with the increase of open-circuit voltage of VRFB in the discharged state ranging from 9.6 to 14.9 mV day-1 for highest and lowest electrolyte purity levels, respectively. While AOS increase is significant, it does not solely determine capacity fade. It is demonstrated that the presence of vanadium crossover decreases capacity fade, i. e. levels the contribution of side reactions on capacity drop.

Synergetic Combination of Bio‐Electrolytes and Bio‐Fluidic Channels as a Novel Resource of Sustainable Energy

AbstractExploration for sustainable energy resources is essential to minimize the dependence on fossil fuels and to improve environmental parameters. Here, the possibility of utilizing bio‐waste‐derived electrolytes as an electrical energy resource by placing them across semipermeable membranes prepared through parallel stacking of coir fibers is examined. The nanofluidic membrane (d‐CF‐V) prepared by modifying the inner walls of the bio‐fluidic channels with atomically thin layers of vanadium pentoxide (VO) shows excellent perm‐selectivity (t+ = 0.87, with 1000‐fold concentration difference) and electricity conversion efficiency (≈ 28.2%). With simulated sea and river water, the d‐CF‐V yields output energy up to 2.4 W m−2, similarly with mineral acid bases (0.5 m HCl and 0.01 m NaOH), the d‐CF‐V shows an energy output of 11.8 W m−2. The sun‐dried Garcinia morella (Kuji thekera), and charred peels of Musa balbisiana (banana) are used as sustainable sources of bio‐electrolytes, which in combination with permselective d‐CF‐V yielded a power density of ≈1.4 W m−2. By replacing standard Ag/AgCl electrodes with nanomaterials exhibiting contrasting charge transfer activities, oxidized carbon nanotube membrane (o‐CNT) and polyaniline (PANI) membrane the output voltage is enhanced from –127 to –568 mV and current output is increased from 10.2 to 51.5 µA.

Flux-bound TIG welding on UNS S32760 super duplex stainless steel using activating fluxes

In this article, the effect of activating flux powders viz., Silicon Dioxide (SiO2), Chromic Oxide (Cr2O3), Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) and Vanadium Pentoxide (V2O5) on Flux-Bound TIG (FB-TIG) welding of UNS S32760 Super Duplex Stainless Steel (SDSS) is investigated. Also, conventional TIG welding is done for a comparative study with the FB-TIG welds. The macrographs of the welds are obtained to analyze the depth, width and aspect ratio. The depths obtained with all the fluxes are found to be superior relative to the conventional TIG welds. The highest penetration of 6 mm is obtained for V2O5 welds. Then the microstructure and composition of the welds are analyzed using Optical Microscopy and Area-Mapping analysis. The authors observed the presence of three forms of austenite viz., Grain Boundary Austenite, Intragranular Austenite and Widmanstatten Austenite in the weldment zones. The micro-hardness profiles of the welds are also analyzed, and the profiles obtained with all the FB-TIG welds are found to be relatively smoother without any abrupt variations. Through this investigation, it is delineated that FB-TIG welding can increase the overall productivity in the welding of SDSS, as the penetration obtained is up to thrice relative to the conventional TIG welding.

Application Of Vanadyl Alkoxoacetylacetonate In Formation Of v2O5 Electrochromic Films

Crystal structure, morphology and electrochromic properties of V2O5 film, prepared using vanadyl alkoxoacetylacetonate as precursor, were studied. We have shown that the obtained vanadium pentoxide contains significant amount of V4+ cations, which is indicated by low electron work function among other things. This results in material possessing anodic electrochromism – coloring upon oxidation – with rapid bleaching process (1 s upon necessary potential application). Anodic coloration is observed in the whole visible light spectrum, as well as in near IR region up to 1100 nm. Obtained data show high prospects for approach to formation of V2O5-based films using vanadyl acetylacetonate as precursor and application of such films as components of smart windows and displays, optical properties of which could be controlled by electrical current application.

Elucidating the dynamics and transfer pathways of photogenerated charge carriers in V2O5/BiVO4 heterojunction photoanodes: A transient absorption spectroscopy study

Pairing of bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) with vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) forms a Type II heterojunction photoanode, which has been proven to be a high-performance photoanode architecture for efficient photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation. To further support for advanced rational design and improvement of the heterojunction photoanode, it is quintessential to understand the mechanics and properties of photogenerated charge carriers formed. This study aims to probe the dynamics of photogenerated electron-hole pairs formed in pristine photoanode as well as the heterojunction photoanodes using transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS). Relative to the BiVO4/V2O5 structure, modelling and quantification of the decay constant helps in explaining why the V2O5/BiVO4 heterojunction photoanode exhibited a longer lifetime of the photogenerated charge carriers with a lower decay rate constant that leads to a much-improved overall generation of photocurrent density. An oxygen evolving catalyst of nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) was then anchored on the exterior surfaces of the heterojunction photoanode system to further investigate and modify the transfer pathways of the photogenerated charge carriers. Furthermore, the hole- and scavenger-assisted TAS measurements on the BiVO4/V2O5 heterojunction photoanode revealed that the majority of trapped holes species are accumulated within the BiVO4 layer. The findings suggested that the Type II heterojunction formation in V2O5/BiVO4 could effectively reduce its charge recombination process.

Regulating V2O5 Layer Spacing by a Polyaniline Molecule Chain to Improve Electrochemical Performance in Salinity Gradient Energy Conversion.

Salinity gradient energy is a chemical potential energy between two solutions with different ionic concentrations, which is also an ocean energy at the junction of rivers and seas. In our original work, the device "activated carbon//(0.083 M Na2SO4, 0.5 M Na2SO4)//vanadium pentoxide" for the conversion of salinity gradient energy was designed, and the conversion value of 6.29 J g-1 was obtained. However, the low specific surface area of the original V2O5 inevitably resulted in limited active sites and slow ionic transport rates, and the inherent lower conductivity and narrower layer spacing of the original V2O5 also resulted in poor electrode kinetic performance and cycle stability, hindering its practical application. To solve the above problems, the present work provides a strategy of using polyaniline (PANI) molecule chain intercalation to regulate the layer spacing of the original V2O5, and through the expansion and traction of the layer spacing, the composite PANI/V2O5 (PVO) with high specific surface area is prepared and used as an anode material for electrochemical conversion of salinity gradient energy application. The significantly increased layer spacing of the crystal plane (001) corresponding to the original V2O5 was confirmed with the PANI by the hydrogen bonding and the van der Waals force. The high specific surface area of the composite provides more electrochemical active sites to realize a fast Na+ migration rate and high specific capacitance. Meanwhile, the inserted PANI molecule chain, which acts not only as a pillar enlarging the Na+ diffusion channel but also as an anchor locking the gap between V2O5 bilayers, improves the structural stability of the V2O5 electrode during the electrochemical conversion process. The proposed insertion strategy for the conductive polymer PANI has created a new way to improve the cycle stability performance of the salinity gradient energy conversion device.

Guiding nitrogen doped vanadium pentoxide nanoclusters on cobalt sulfide nano-flakiness as stable seamless interface anode toward highly energy density and durable asymmetric supercapacitors

Interaction of the interface-heterostructures is crucial to rapid ionic conductivity and highly energy density of electrode materials toward supercapacitors. Herein, a novel anode heterostructure is synthesized using cobalt sulfide (CoS) nanoflowers as a substrate for composite nitrogen doped vanadium pentoxide (denoted as N-V2O5@CoS) by combination of hydrothermal and calcination method. As expected, the N-V2O5@CoS electrode possesses superhigh specific surface area that significantly enhances the specific capacitance, and its unique porous interconnected structure not only reduces the volume effect during the cycles, but also greatly enhances the conductivity of electron transfer. The as-prepared N-V2O5@CoS electrode has a specific capacitance of up to 2413.6F/g at a current density of 1 A/g, and can still maintain 87.51 % of the initial capacitance after 5,000 cycles at a high current density of 10 A/g. More importantly, the partial density of states (PDOS) ares obtained through theoretical calculations reveal that the interaction of heterogeneous interfaces is contributed by the p-orbitals of C, O and S and d-orbitals of V and Co. In addition, asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) with N-V2O5@CoS as the positive electrode and activated carbon (AC) as the negative electrode has a high voltage of 1.7 V, which achieves an outstanding energy density of 71.6 W h kg−1 at a power density of 849.8 W kg−1, showing excellent cycle stability (retain 90.6 % of the initial capacitance after 10,000 charge/discharge cycles). This paper offers novel paradigm for the doping of metal oxides and the development of heterostructures, which provides support for their use as advanced energy storage materials.

Inspection and comparative analysis of light and thermal response dynamics of Cu/V₂O₅/n-Si and Cu/La-V₂O₅/n-Si MIS diodes

Schottky Barrier Diodes (SBDs) are pivotal in modern electronics for their quick switching and low forward voltage drop, enabled by metal-semiconductor junctions. SBDs are renowned for their performance, primarily due to their metal-semiconductor intersection. This study focuses on Cu/V2O5/n-Si and Cu/La-V2O5/n-Si SBDs, examining the impact of lanthanum doping on their performance. Transition Metal Oxides (TMOs) like Vanadium Pentoxide (V2O5) offer unique electronic, magnetic and optical properties making them suitable for various applications. The fabrication process involved sol-gel spin coating and DC magnetron sputtering to create a thin V2O5 layer on n-type silicon wafers, followed by copper contact deposition. Galvanizing temperatures ranged 300° C to 500° C to study the structural, optical, and morphological changes in V2O5 thin films. Key findings include the significant reduction in ideality factor (n) with increasing annealing temperatures for Cu/V2O5/n-Si SBDs, reaching as low n value of 5.26 at 500°C, indicating improved device performances. For Cu/La-V2O5/n-Si SBDs, the ideality factor consistently decreased with higher light intensities, showcasing enhanced performance due to La doping. Barrier height (ɸB) also varied, with higher values observed for La-doped V2O5, enhancing charge recombination and increasing oxygen vacancies. Photodiode parameters were significantly enhanced by doping of the La. The Cu/La-V2O5/n-Si SBDs demonstrated high photosensitivity (PS = 3327.5 %), photo responsivity (R = 33.39 mA/W) and detectivity (D* = 9.82 × 10¹⁰ Jones), making them highly efficient for optoelectronic applications. Overall, this study highlights the potential of Cu/La-V2O5/n-Si SBDs for high-efficiency, optoelectronic applications, with optimized doping concentrations and annealing conditions significantly improving their performance.