Vanadium Loading Research Articles

Effect of Dimethyl Formamide (DMF) on Vanadium Reloading Over V-Ti SCR Catalyst

Active components reloading is critical process for the catalyst regeneration, which is limited by the low adsorption capacity and unwilling distribution of desired components to the catalyst surface. Herein we demonstrated that with dimethyl formamide(DMF) modification and sequentially reloading of vanadium, the traditional V-Ti SCR catalyst, which uses vanadium as the active components and titanium as the carrier, showed the significantly improved DeNOx performance, owing to the increased adsorption capacity and desired distribution of vanadium. When the DMF concentration was 6%, the adsorption capacity of the promoted catalyst was 3.58 and 6.57 mg/g under vanadyl ion concentrations of 1.5 and 3 g/L, respectively, 135 and 147% higher than that of the original catalyst. Adsorption kinetics demonstrated that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model better describes the process by which vanadyl ions adsorb onto the catalyst. In addition, the adsorption equilibrium indicated that Langmuir model was a closer fit for the vanadyl ion adsorption to the promoted catalyst. After DMF modification, the vanadyl ions were first adsorbed onto the functional groups on the catalyst surface, substantially increasing the vanadium loading on the catalyst surface while limiting the increase in vanadium content within the interior of catalyst, which was conducive to enhancing the DeNOx activity and reducing the increase in the SO2/SO3 conversion. When the vanadium adsorption capacity was 3.5 mg/g, the increase in the DeNOx activity of the promoted catalyst was 68.1% higher than that of the original catalyst, whereas the increase in SO2/SO3 conversion was 28.9% lower than that of the original catalyst. Thus, in the regeneration of SCR catalysts vanadium initial concentration and loading could be reduced.

Effect on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Microwave-Assisted Sintered H13 Steel Powder with Different Vanadium Contents.

The present work demonstrated the first-ever preparation of block specimens by the microwave sintering of H13 alloy powder. Varying proportions of vanadium powder (1.5%, 2.5%, 3.5%, 4.5%, and 5.5% on a mass basis) were added to H13 mold steel and these mixtures were sintered using microwaves. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy was employed to determine the compositions of the resulting specimens and vanadium percentages of 1.56%, 2.04%, 3.10%, 4.06%, and 4.20% were determined. These results demonstrate a clear trend, with significantly lower vanadium amounts than expected based on the nominal values at higher vanadium loadings. Different samples were also found to exhibit different degrees of ablation, and this effect was related to the presence of voids in the materials. The surface compositions of these specimens were examined by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and were found to be relatively uniform. The microstructures as well as the hardness properties of the materials were assessed. Microwave sintering of 100 g specimens at 1300 °C for 10-min generated samples with hardness values ranging from 205 HV (at the lowest vanadium content) to 175.2 HV (at the highest vanadium content). The wear behavior of samples prepared by microwave sintering H13 die steel with different vanadium contents at room temperature has been studied. The results showed that 1.5% vanadium content is the best mass ratio.

Effects of pH and vanadium concentration during the impregnation of Na-SiO2 supported catalysts for the oxidation of propane

The linear and non-linear effects of the impregnation pH and of the concentration of vanadium in solution over the properties of Na-SiO2 supported catalysts used for the oxidation of propane under light-off/light-out tests at oxidizing conditions were studied. The listed factors had no net effects over the loading of vanadium, the surface area, and the porous structure of the catalysts. Depending on the pH, sodium vanadates of different particle sizes were formed; namely, NaVO3 microcrystals and particles made of α-NaVO3 and β-NaVO3 phases were formed at acidic pH, whereas sodium metavanadate nanoparticles were formed at pH=9.0. For the catalysts synthesized at pH=3.8, i.e., near the point of zero charge of the support, and at pH=9.0, the α-NaVO3 phase prevailed over the β-NaVO3 phase after dehydration and catalytic testing. The catalyst synthesized at pH=9.0 and at the highest concentration of vanadium in the impregnating solution showed normal hysteresis behavior while being the best in terms of the selectivity to propene and the conversions of propane and oxygen which were at the same level as the ones found for a VOx/SiO2 benchmark. The correlation of the catalytic trends with the physicochemical properties of the catalysts allowed concluding that increasing the impregnation pH favors the formation of less reducible and more acidic V4+ species that favor the reactivity and the selectivity to propene over the Na-SiO2 supported sodium vanadate catalysts synthesized herein. the most selective to propane oxidative dehydrogenation at a propane conversion comparable. Kinetic and thermodynamic arguments were discussed to elucidate the origin the catalytic trends.

Effects of MoOx on dispersion of vanadia and low-temperature NH3-SCR activity of titania supported catalysts: Liquid acidity and steric hindrance

Monometallic (V/TiO2 and Mo/TiO2) and bimetallic (V-Mo/TiO2) catalysts were prepared for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3 at low temperatures (100–300 °C). The effect of MoOx on the dispersion of vanadia with different V2O5 loadings was investigated on the basis of X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), N2 adsorption–desorption, Raman spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), H2 temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR) and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). As the molybdenum precursor, NH4Mo7O24 increased the solution acidity and promoted polymerization of VOx in liquid phase. At a low vanadia loading, polymerization of VOx, the adsorption rate of NH3 and transformation of active intermediate species NH2 were enhanced by adding MoOx, while at a high vanadia loading, the steric hindrance became dominant leading to the formation of crystalline V2O5 and MoO3 and caused decline in SCR activity.

Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane over Nanostructured Mesoporous VOx/CexZr1-xO2 Catalysts

High-surface-area mesoporous CexZr1-xO2 materials synthesized through a surfactant-assisted approach of nanocrystalline particle assembly are utilized as a promising support for VOx-based catalysts. The catalytic properties of the resultant VOx/CexZr1-xO2 nanocatalysts are evaluated by the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane using a microreactor-GC system. It is indicated that the catalyst particles are on a nanoscale, having a mesoporous structure with uniform pore-size distribution and high surface area. The catalytic behavior of these mesoporous nanostructured VOx/CexZr1-xO2 catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane reaction relies on the vanadia loading amount, the calcination temperature, the surface area and the Ce/Zr ratio of the supports, the particle size of active compounds, and the additional contribution to the propylene formation derives from the contribution of the catalytic dehydrogenation of propane under oxygen-lean conditions. The catalyst prepared with 8 wt% vanadia loading on Ce0.2Zr0.8O2 exhibits high and stable catalytic performance in the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane reaction. 

Modified Mesoporous HMS Supported V/W for Oxidative Desulfurization of Dibenzothiophene

Two V/W-HMS (hexagonal mesoporous silica) nanostructures were synthesized with various vanadium and tungsten loadings. And their catalytic activities were investigated in oxidative desulphurization of dibenzothiophene (DBT) in model diesel fuel. The catalysts were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and N_2 physical adsorption-desorption (BET/BJH) techniques. The best V/W-HMS catalyst exhibited high catalytic activity, capable of converting more than 95% of DBT in the model diesel fuel under the optimum reaction condition (0.05 gr 1:4 of catalyst, T=60°C, t=2h). After doping of vanadium with tungsten, it was found that bandgap of the catalyst was reduced and its catalytic performance was improved effectively. The catalytic activity remained unchanged even after 6 recycling processes. The reaction kinetics, mechanism, and bandgap energy of the catalysts were also investigated.

Composition-dependent structure evolution of FeVO4 nano-oxide and its visible-light photocatalytic activity for degradation of methylene blue

This work report on the synthesis of the iron orthovanadate oxide (FeVO4) catalysts with various vanadium (V) loading amounts of 10% (FeV-1); 20 wt% (FeV-2); 30 wt% (FeV-3) and 40 wt% (FeV-4). The structure evolution of FeVO4 was studied by using XRD, UV–vis, PL, FTIR, XPS, SEM, EDX, TEM, EIS, Raman and BET surface area techniques. XRD analysis showed that crystal structure and phase formation of FeVO4 to depend on V-metal loadings, and that the various Fe:V ratio showed peaks shifting, which were related to the transformation of Fe2O3 and V2O5 interface into FeVO4 phase with respect to increasing V-metal loadings. The XPS results showed the significant influence of the V-metal loadings on inducing various electronic, redox oxidation states of V3+/V4+/V5+ and Fe2+/Fe3+ and oxygen vacancy defects structure properties of FeVO4 catalysts. The physical structure changes confirmed by XRD, XPS and FTIR manifested the tailoring of the optical properties as evidenced by PL and UV–vis with FeV-3 catalyst showing the desirable optics properties. This were determined to give the properties for the efficient photodegradation activity of methylene blue model organic dye of wastewater with its near complete removal with 30 min reaction time. The enhanced productivity photodegradation performance of the hetero-mixed FeVO4 catalysts is ascribed to their enriched visible-light harvesting range and efficient suppression of electrons/holes (e-/h+) recombination manifested by the effect of Fe:V composition ratio. Moreover, the presence of small quantity of Fe2O3 in predominant FeVO4 could allow efficient e-/h+ separation and transfer by creation of Fe2O3/FeVO4 heterojunction interface. The FeVO4 catalyst showed excellent recyclability and its stable photoactivity under aqueous degradation conditions.

Fabrication of high loading V2O5/TiO2 catalysts derived from metal-organic framework with excellent activity for chlorobenzene decomposition

A series of V2O5/TiO2 catalysts with high vanadium loading (6.0 ∼ 43.9 wt%) were prepared by wet impregnation over metal–organic framework (MOF) MIL-125(Ti) support following calcination, and were tested for catalytic combustion of 100 ppm chlorobenzene. Taking advantage of MIL-125(Ti) with high surface area, copious catalytically active VOx species generated in the case of high vanadium loading, among which 0.4VTi, 0.6VTi and 0.8VTi showed 100% chlorobenzene conversion at 250 °C. The effect of vanadium loading on the catalysts have been characterized by means of XRD, SEM, TEM, ICP-OES, N2 adsorption–desorption at 77 K, Raman, NH3-TPD and H2-TPR. The reaction mechanism of chlorobenzene over the as-prepared catalysts was also proposed by in situ DRIFTS.

Adsorption-Induced Active Vanadium Species Facilitate Excellent Performance in Low-Temperature Catalytic NOx Abatement

Vanadia-based catalysts have been widely used for catalyzing various reactions, including their long-standing application in the deNOx process. It has been commonly considered that various vanadium species dispersed on supports with a large surface area act as the catalytically active sites. However, the role of crystalline V2O5 in selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 (NH3-SCR) remains unclear. In this study, a catalyst with low vanadia loading was synthesized, in which crystalline V2O5 was deposited on a TiO2 support that had been pretreated at a high temperature. Surprisingly, the catalyst, which had a large amount of crystalline V2O5, showed excellent low-temperature NH3-SCR activity. For the first time, crystalline V2O5 on low-vanadium-loading catalysts was found to be transformed to polymeric vanadyl species by the adsorption of NH3. The generated active polymeric vanadyl species played a crucial role in NH3-SCR, leading to remarkably enhanced catalytic performance at low temperatures. This new finding provides a fundamental understanding of the metal oxide-catalyzed chemical reaction and has important implications for the development and commercial applications of NH3-SCR catalysts.

Effects of incorporated vanadium and its chemical states on morphology and mesostructure of mesoporous bioactive glass particles

The incorporation of ions into mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) may affect its mesostructure and properties, but the mechanism remains unclear. This study focuses on the effects of the contents and the chemical states of the incorporated vanadium on the morphology and mesostructure of MBG. Firstly, the vanadium incorporated MBG (MBG-V) particles with different vanadium contents were prepared via hydrothermal synthesis method utilizing a triblock copolymer (P123) as the structure-directing agent. The vanadium existence was characterized by IR spectroscopy, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra, UV Raman spectroscopy, and 51V, 29Si and 31P NMR spectra. It was revealed that most of vanadium species existed in the form of the amorphous calcium vanadate clusters and located at pore wall, while few vanadium species were incorporated in the silica network in an isolated tetrahedral V5+coordination and some polymeric V–O–V vanadium species primarily existed in the surface of the MBG at a higher vanadium loading. With the increase of vanadium contents, the specific surface area, wall thickness, mesopore size, total pore volume, total micropore volume and mesoporous ordered degree decreased, which was partly due to the deposition of three different forms of vanadium species at the inner pore walls and/or external surface areas. Nevertheless, more primary reasons were attributed to the effect of vanadate ions on the initial P123 micellization and the cooperative assembled interaction between P123 micellization and silicon species. In addition, the incorporation of vanadate led to smaller macroscopic particles size of individual particles but a larger primary particles size of P123 micelles/silicon polymer aggregates during preparation process. Overall, our results have preliminarily revealed the influence mechanism of the incorporation of vanadium elements on the morphology and mesostructure of MBG-V, which would be of great significance to regulate the vanadium dissolution behavior and biological properties of vanadium incorporated bone repair materials.

Ultrasound-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis of V2O5/Zr-SBA-15 Catalysts for Production of Ultralow Sulfur Fuel

This work reports the results of the ultrasound-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of two sets of V2O5 dispersed on SBA-15 and Zr doped SBA-15 catalysts used for the oxidation of dibenzothiophene (DBT) in a model diesel via the combination of oxidation, catalysis, and extraction technical route. These catalysts contained Lewis acidity as major and Brønsted acidity as minor. The amount of acidity varied with the content of vanadia and zirconium doping. It was found that DBT conversion is very sensitive to the Lewis acidity. DBT conversion increased by increasing the vanadium content and correlated well with the amount of surface Lewis acidity. Under the optimal experimental condition (Reaction temperature: 60 °C, reaction time 40 min, catalyst concentration: 1 g/L oil; H2O2/DBT mole ratio = 10), the 30% V2O5/SBA-15 and 30% V2O5/Zr-SBA-15 catalysts could convert more than 99% of DBT. Two reaction pathways of DBT oxidation involving vanadia surface structure, Lewis acidity, and peroxometallic complexes were proposed. When the vanadia loading V2O5 ≤ 10 wt%, the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) went through the Pathway I; in the catalysts with moderate vanadia content (V2O5 = 20–30 wt%), ODS proceeded via the Pathways II or/and the Pathway I.

Vanadium promoted Ni(Mg,Al)O hydrotalcite-derived catalysts for CO2 methanation

A series of V-promoted hydrotalcite-derived nickel catalysts (1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 wt%) were tested in CO2 methanation. Ni–I–V2.0 with 2.0 wt% vanadium loading showed the highest catalytic activity, achieving 74.7% of CO2 conversion and 100% of CH4 selectivity at 300 °C. XRD and XANES analyses showed that the smallest Ni0 particles in Ni–I–V2.0 were consistent with the improved textural features observed for this catalyst. Moreover, CO2-TPD revealed the highest sum of weak and medium basic sites in Ni–I–V2.0 that can positively influence catalytic behavior. For the studied catalysts, a clear correlation was demonstrated between the catalytic activity and specific surface area, as well as the basic properties.

Bimodal effect of water on V2O5/TiO2 catalysts with different vanadium species in the simultaneous NO reduction and 1,2-dichlorobenzene oxidation

VOX/TiO2 catalysts with different vanadium loading were prepared in order to study the influence of vanadium species on the effect of water in the simultaneous NO reduction through NH3-SCR and o-DCB oxidation reactions. The presence of isolated, polymeric and crystalline species and their redox and acid properties were evaluated by N2-Adsorption, XRD, Raman, H2-TPR, XPS and NH3-TPD. Water has a bimodal and reversible effect in both NO reduction and o-DCB oxidation depending on vanadium species and temperature. In SCR, water has a detrimental effect at low temperature due to competitive adsorption with NO and NH3, while at high temperature it promotes an increase of NO conversion associated to the suppression of side-reactions, which increase the selectivity towards N2. In o-DCB oxidation, the effect of water is the sum of two contributions: one positive, related to the removal of surface adsorbed detrimental species; and one negative, associated to the competitive adsorption with o-DCB. Thus, at high temperature water acts as inhibitor, while at low temperature water has a promotional effect in the highly dispersed vanadium catalysts due to their tendency to suffer deactivation, mainly by carbonaceous materials. The presence of water also favors total oxidation and decreases the formation of chlorinated by products.

The Properties and SCR de‐NOx Application of Supported V2O5/TiO2 Catalysts with Different Polymerization State of VOx Species Controlled by the pH Value of Their Precursors

AbstractNOx is the main pollutant in the air, which causes many harmful effects on society. The V2O5/TiO2 catalysts are very important to reduce the NOx from the heat engine plants and vehicle exhausts. However, various reasons will affect the performance of the catalysts. In this paper, the polymerization state of surface VOx of supported V2O5/TiO2 catalysts was controlled by changing the pH value of the impregnation precursor solutions, and the redox and acidity properties of the catalysts can be adjusted consequently. The Raman spectroscopy, 51V magic‐angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR), H2‐temperature‐programmed reduction (H2‐TPR), NH3‐temperature‐programmed desorption (NH3‐TPD), NH3‐temperature‐programmed oxidation (TPO) and 15NH3‐NO‐O2‐temperature‐programmed surface reaction (TPSR) were mainly used for the characterization and properties tests of the samples. Although all catalysts in this work had similar surface morphology and the same vanadium loading, the catalyst oxidability decreased while acidity increased with the increasing of VOx polymerization, which causes the NO conversion increases with the increasing of VOx polymerization below 300 °C in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) de‐NOx reaction. This work will promote the advance in catalysis and anti‐pollution fields for human and nature.

Catalytic performance of V-MCM-41 nanocomposites in liquid phase limonene oxidation: Vanadium leaching mitigation

Chemical stability and catalytic performance of MCM-41 materials functionalized with vanadium by template-ion exchange (TIE) were studied. Solids with different vanadium loadings were synthesized and characterized by a multi-technique approach. Their textural and chemical properties were analyzed by low and high angle XRD, N 2 adsorption-desorption, SEM, UV–vis DR, XPS, FTIR-Py and ICP-OES. All solids exhibited a highly ordered mesoporous structure, characteristic of MCM-41 materials. Their specific areas, pore diameters and pore volumes were found to be suitable for application as catalysts in liquid phase oxidation reactions. From different tests of limonene oxidation with H 2 O 2 , it was found that isolated cations (V δ+ ) are more likely to be the active sites for this reaction. Additionally, results show that high vanadium content actually lowers catalytic performance and favors sub-product formation by secondary reactions. Recycling tests were performed using the lowest vanadium content sample, finding that considerable leaching of active species took place after two reactions cycles. Wet impregnation with titanium was tested as a strategy for vanadium leaching mitigation. Solids with different titanium loadings were synthesized and evaluated. One of the bimetallic materials was selected according to its enhanced catalytic activity which accounts for an interesting synergistic effect between vanadium and titanium. This solid also displayed a superior chemical stability, since the absence of leaching was successfully proven in successive reaction cycles. • V-MCM-41 solids were successfully synthesized by TIE and extensively characterized. • Solids with different V loading were tested in limonene oxidation with H 2 O 2 . • The lowest V content solid exhibited the best catalytic performance. • Significant leaching of V species was detected after successive reaction cycles. • Ti impregnation is featured as an attractive strategy for V leaching mitigation.

A highly active VOx-MnOx/CeO2 for selective catalytic reduction of NO: The balance between redox property and surface acidity

Excellent catalysts with low-temperature activity and relatively wide temperature window for selective catalytic reduction of NO with ammonia (NH3-SCR) are highly demanded in view of the practical treatment of NO. Herein, we have designed a highly active VOx-MnOx/CeO2 material based on the intrinsic requirement of SCR reaction for catalyst, namely redox sites and surface acid sites. The vanadium oxide and manganese oxide are highly dispersed over the ceria mesosphere via simple incipient wetness impregnation. The loading of manganese could introduce acid sites and enhance the redox property remarkably, while the loading of vanadium increases acid sites and weakens redox property. Through tentatively controlling the appropriate loading ratio of the two components, the optimal catalyst achieves a balance between redox property and surface acidity. The work shed light on the development of new SCR catalyst with superior low temperature activity, wide work temperature window and good hydrothermal stability.

VAlPOs as Efficient Catalysts for Glycerol Conversion to Methanol

The catalytic activity of a series of vanadium aluminophosphates catalysts prepared by sol-gel method followed by combustion of the obtained gel was evaluated in glycerol conversion towards methanol. The materials were characterized by several techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-vis, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), Raman and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopies. The amount of vanadium incorporated in aluminophosphates framework played an important role in the catalytic activity, while in the products distribution the key role is played by the vanadium oxidation state on the surface. The sample that contains a large amount of V4+ has the highest selectivity towards methanol. On the sample with the lowest vanadium loading the oxidation path to dihydroxyacetone is predominant. The catalyst with higher content of tetrahedral isolated vanadium species, such V5APO, is less active in breaking the C–C bonds in the glycerol molecule than the one containing polymeric species.

Dehydrogenation of 1-butene with CO2 over VOx supported catalysts

Butadiene (BD) is an important intermediate in chemical industry and is obtained predominantly from fossil sources. In the future new and sustainable BD sources and synthesis routes might be required to meet the rising demands for this compound. Here, the synthesis of BD from 1-butene in the presence of CO2 was studied using supported vanadium oxide as active compound. Among the tested supports SBA-15 was shown to be the most effective one and a maximum BD yield of 39 % could be achieved. The VOx/SBA-15 catalysts were characterized by complementary methods to obtain insight about the effect of catalyst synthesis and vanadium loadings on the formation of VOx surface structures as well as the catalytic performance. CO2 has a positive impact on the reaction. Coking was considered to be the main reason for the catalyst deactivation and the decreasing BD yield with increasing time on stream.

In situ electrical conductivity study of Pt-impregnated VOx/γ-Al2O3 catalysts in propene deep oxidation

A series of Pt-VOx/γ-Al2O3 catalysts with vanadium loading corresponding to 5 and 20 wt% V2O5 was prepared by impregnation method. The catalytic performance of the obtained materials was investigated in propene deep oxidation reaction. The catalysts were characterized by N2 physisorption, chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Alternating current (AC) electrical conductivity measurements (differential steps technique) were performed in situ during propene oxidation, using an own design reactivity cell. The variation in the measured electrical conductance brings information about the relative oxidation state of the catalyst's surface during reaction. It was found by TPR, EPR, and UV–Vis that the presence of platinum facilitates the reduction of V5+ to V4+ species. The catalytic performance of the investigated catalysts was discussed in relation to their structure, reducibility, and conductance.

An Efficient Vanadia Supported SrTiO3 Nanocatalyst for the Selective Oxidation of Benzylalcohol to Benzaldehyde

AbstractIn the present study, SrTiO3 (STO) was synthesized using oxalate method. A series of V2O5 nanoparticles supported on SrTiO3 (V2O5 / STO) with the vanadia content ranging from 0.5 to 2 wt. % was synthesized by wet impregnation method. Physicochemical properties of the synthesized catalysts were determined by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, N2 physisorption and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and acidity by pyridine adsorption method. XPS studies of the catalysts reveal that vanadium is in +5 oxidation state. Particle size of the catalysts calculated from TEM image analysis was found to be in the range of 86–92 nm. Pyridine adsorption studies reveals presence of Lewis acidity in the catalysts and the number of Lewis acid sites increase with vanadium content of the catalysts. Their catalytic activity was evaluated for the liquid phase oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde. STO is found to be least active and highly selective for the formation of benzaldehyde product where as V2O5/STO catalysts were found to be highly active and selective for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol reaction. Among all the catalysts the one with 1 wt. % loading of vanadia contains a greater number of active sites is found to be highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst system for selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol with 100 % benzaldehyde selectivity. The catalytic activity of the catalysts was correlated with the physico‐chemical properties of the catalysts.