Adsorption Of Vanadium Research Articles

A sustainable vanadium bioremediation strategy from aqueous media by two potential green microalgae

Globally, environmental concerns are rapidly growing due to increasing pollution levels. Vanadium is a hazardous heavy metal that poses health issues with an exposure concentration of about 2 ppm. It is regularly discharged by some industries and poses an environmental challenge. There are no sustainable green treatment methods for discharged effluents to mitigate vanadium threats to humans and the environment. In this study, the goal was to develop a green, sustainable method for removing vanadium and to utilize the produced biomass for biofuels, thus offsetting the treatment cost. Microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana SU1 and Picochlorum oklahomensis were employed for vanadium (III) treatment. The maximum removal was 25.5 mg L−1 with biomass and lipid yields of 3.0 g L−1 and 884.4 mg L−1 respectively after 14 days of treatment. The vanadium removal capacity by microalgae was further enhanced up to 2–2.7 folds while optimizing the key parameters, pH, and temperature before removing biomass from the liquid phase. FTIR is used to analyse the reactive groups in algal cell walls to confirm vanadium adsorption and to understand the dominant and quantitative interactions. Zeta potential analysis helps to find out the most suitable pH range to facilitate the ionic bonding of biomass and thus maximum vanadium adsorption. This study addresses regulating external factors for enhancing the removal performance during microalgal biomass harvesting, which significantly enhances the removal of vanadium (III) from the aqueous phase. This strategy aims to improve the removal efficiency of microalgal treatment at an industrial scale for the bioremediation of vanadium and other inorganic pollutants.

Magnetic chitosan/TiO2 composite for vanadium(v) adsorption simultaneously being transformed to an enhanced natural photocatalyst for the degradation of rhodamine B.

A magnetic chitosan/TiO2 composite material (MCT) was developed. MCT was successfully synthesized by a one-pot method using chitosan, TiO2, and Fe3O4. The absorption equilibrium time of MCT was 40 min in absorbing vanadium(v), the optimal adsorption pH was 4, and the maximum adsorption capacity of vanadium(v) was 117.1 mg g-1. The spent MCT was applied to photocatalytic reactions for reutilization. The decolorization rates for the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) by new and spent MCT were 86.4% and 94.3%, respectively. The new and spent MCT exhibited absorption bands at 397 and 455 nm, respectively, which showed that the spent MCT was red-shifted to the cyan light region. These results indicated that the forbidden band widths of the new and spent MCT were about 3.12 and 2.72 eV, respectively. The mechanism of the degradation reaction showed that the hydroxyl radicals as oxidants in the spent MCT mediated the photocatalytic degradation of RhB. In addition, the superoxide anion radical formation of hydroxyl radicals was the main reaction, and the hole generation of hydroxyl radicals was the subordinate reaction. The N-de-ethylated intermediates and organic acids were monitored by MS and HPLC.

Vanadium (V) Adsorption from Aqueous Solutions Using Xerogel on the Basis of Silica and Iron Oxide Matrix.

Vanadium is considered a strategic metal with wide applications in various industries due to its unique chemical and physical properties. On the basis of these considerations, the recovery of vanadium (V) is mandatory because of the lack of raw materials. Various methods are used to recover vanadium (V) from used aqueous solutions. This study develops a clean and effective process for the recovery of vanadium (V) by using the adsorption method. At the same time, this study synthesizes a material starting from silica matrices and iron oxides, which is used as an adsorbent material. To show the phase composition, the obtained material is characterized by X-ray diffraction showing that the material is present in the amorphous phase, with a crystal size of 20 nm. However, the morphological texture of the material is determined by the N2 adsorption-desorption method, proving that the adsorbent material has a high surface area of 305 m2/g with a total pore volume of 1.55 cm3/g. To determine the efficiency of the SiO2FexOy material for the recovery of vanadium through the adsorption process, the role of specific parameters, such as the L-to-V ratio, pH, contact time, temperature, and initial vanadium concentration, must be evaluated. The adsorption process mechanism was established through kinetic, thermodynamic, and equilibrium studies. In our case, the process is physical, endothermic, spontaneous, and takes place at the interface of SiO2FexOy with V2O5. Following equilibrium studies, the maximum adsorption capacity of the SiO2FexOy material was 58.8 mg (V)/g of material.

Removal of heavy metal vanadium from aqueous solution by nanocellulose produced from Komagataeibacter europaeus employing pineapple waste as carbon source

Environmental concerns have taken a center stage in our lives driving the society towards biorefinery. Bioprocess development to produce valuable products utilizing waste has its own significance in circular bioeconomy and environmental sustainability. In the present study, production of bacterial cellulose using pineapple waste as carbon source by Komagataeibacter europaeus was undertaken and it was applied for removal of vanadium, a heavy metal which is generated as waste by semiconductors industry in Taiwan. Highest yield of bacterial cellulose (BC) e.i. 5.04 g/L was obtained with pineapple core hydrolysate (HS-PC) replacing glucose in HS medium. The vanadium adsorption capacity by BC produced by HS medium was 5.24 mg/g BC at pH 4 and 2.85 mg/g BC was observed on PCH medium. BC was characterised via SEM, FTIR and XRD.

Adsorptive-desorptive performance of Chlorella vulgaris for the removal of vanadium from aqueous solutions

ABSTRACT Studies on Vanadium (V) adsorption in aqueous systems employing biomaterials friendly to the environment are rare. This study investigated the adsorption performance of the living and non-living Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) for V from aquatic systems. Vanadium inhibited the growth of living C. vulgaris. The results of isothermal equations showed that the non-living C. vulgaris biomass was favourable for V adsorption. At 400 mg L−1 V, 50 mg algae biomass, 40°C, and 0.01 M ionic strength for 24 h, the maximum adsorption capacity reached 94.00 mg g−1. The results of the kinetic studies indicated that chemisorption dominated the V adsorption process. Analysis on the surface of non-living C. vulgaris biomass revealed that hydroxyl groups, carboxylate groups, amide groups, aromatic carbons, and organic halogenated hydrocarbon groups played crucial roles in V biosorption. Vanadium was bound to the active sites on the surface of C. vulgaris through ion exchange action as opposed to redox reaction. Desorption experiments were conducted by eluting the non-living C. vulgaris biomass with 1 M NaOH solution, and the maximum desorption rate of V reached 98%. The results demonstrate that C. vulgaris is a green and highly effective biosorbent for vanadium removal from aquatic systems.

Surface Modification of Biomass with Di-(2-Ethylhexyl)phosphoric Acid and Its Use for Vanadium Adsorption.

The method of carbonizing biomass using di-(2-Ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid and tributyl phosphate impregnation (SICB) was studied in this research. SICB combines the benefits of an extractant and an ion exchange resin. The adsorption and desorption properties of vanadium were investigated, and the adsorption mechanism was analyzed. The results showed that the carrier was first prepared at a temperature of 1073.15 K using sawdust as a biomass substitute and then cooled to room temperature. The best adsorption performance was obtained by impregnating the carriers with di-(2-Ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid and tributyl phosphate for 60 min. The vanadium adsorption rate of 98.12% was achieved using the biomass at an initial V(IV) solution concentration of 1.1 g/L, a pH value of 1.6, and a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20 g·mL for 24 h. Using 25 wt.% sulfuric acid solution as desorbent, the desorption rate of vanadium was as high as 98.36%. The analysis showed that the adsorption of vanadium by SICB was chemisorption, and the adsorption process was more consistent with the proposed second-order kinetic equation. Therefore, SICB has high selectivity and high saturation capacity because of the mesopores and micropores produced by carbonization.

Enhanced vanadium adsorption performance on aminophosphonic chelating resin with oxalic acid regeneration

Impurities adsorbed on the resin will hinder the adsorption of valuable ions and affect the reusability of the resin. In this paper, the reusability of D418 aminophosphonic chelating resin for vanadium enrichment from the acid leaching solution of black shale was studied with oxalic acid solution as regenerant. Under the regeneration conditions of oxalic acid concentration of 0.8 mol/L, and a reaction time of 30 min, the exhausted D418 aminophosphonic chelating resin was efficiently regenerated, and the vanadium adsorption efficiency increased from 83.97% to 94.87%, which was related to the formation of amide group. During the regeneration experiments, the oxalic acid can complex with Fe3+ and Al3+ to form Fe(C2O4)2-, Fe(C2O4)33-, Al (C2O4)2- and Al (C2O4)33-, and then effectively remove Fe3+ and Al3+ ions on the exhausted D418 aminophosphonic chelating resin. Meanwhile, the adsorption or desorption performance of Fe and Al on the resin was not changed significantly. Therefore, the D418 aminophosphonic chelating resin can be stably and effectively reused to adsorb vanadium from the acid leaching solution of black shale with oxalic acid regeneration.

Accumulation of Vanadium by Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Supported by Activated Carbon under Simulation Water Conditions: A Batch Study

Vanadium (V(V)) removal from simulation water (SW) was successfully accomplished using nanoscale zero-valent iron that was immobilized by activated carbon (NZVI/AC) which was used as an adsorbent. We investigated the effects of different parameters on V(V) removal, such as pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), common ions and adsorption kinetics for SW. The intraparticle diffusion model fits this study well (R2 > 0.9) according to the results of the kinetics investigation which showed that the adsorption of vanadium by NZVI/AC was rapid in the first 12 h and that equilibrium was reached in about 72 h. The amount of V(V) that was removed from the solution increased when it was subjected to pH 2 to pH 8, and this decreased after pH 8. While the effects of other anions and humic acid were negligible, the elimination of V(V) was significantly reduced by using phosphate and silicate. Fe2+ and Al3+, two common metal cations, improved the V(V) adsorption. High oxygen levels impeded the vanadium elimination, while anoxic conditions encouraged it. Elution with 0.1 M NaOH can be used to renew NZVI/AC in an efficient manner.

Kinetic modeling of adsorption of vanadium and iron from acid solution through ion exchange resins

This study assessed the adsorption process and the reaction kinetics involved in the selective recovery of vanadium from an acid solution containing iron as an impurity. Four commercial resins were studied: Lewatit® MonoPlus TP 209 XL, Lewatit® TP 207, Dowex™ M4195 (chelating resin) and Lewatit® MonoPlus S 200 H (strong cationic exchange resin). To investigate the effect of time on the adsorption process, batch experiments were carried out using the following initial conditions: pH 2.0, 298 K, and a proportion of 1 g of resin to 50 mL of solution. The variation of pH over time was analyzed. Chelating resin released less H+ ions as the adsorption occurred, resulting in a lower drop of pH when compared to S 200 H resin. Ion adsorption by the resins was also evaluated through FT-IR and SEM−EDS before and after the experiments. Among the evaluated kinetic models (pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion models), the pseudo-second order model best fits the experimental data of the adsorption of vanadium and iron by all of the four resins. M4195 resin showed the highest recovery of vanadium and the lowest adsorption of iron. Kinetic data, which are fundamental to industrial processes applications, are provided.

Vanadium removal by electrocoagulation with anodes of zinc

This work demonstrates that floccules of hydroxides and zinc oxides (Zn(OH)2 and ZnO) can be produced with an optimal surface electrical charge to adsorb vanadium complexes, when using zinc anodes and selecting appropriate electrocoagulation process conditions. It was found that the electrical charge of the floccules was mainly controlled by chemical and complex species that are a function of the pH and ionic strength in the suspension. At a pH of 7.0 and a concentration of 0.01 M NaCl, the floccules got a positive electric charge (+24.75 mV) and readily adsorbed negatively charged vanadium complexes. The highest adsorption capacity of floccules produced with zinc anodes was 112.08 mg/g (for V(III)) and 158.76 mg/g (for V(V)) with an equilibrium time of 20 min. The floccules, before and after the adsorption of vanadium complexes, were characterized to identify the formation of oxyhydroxides (Zn3(OH)2(V2O7)* 2 H2O) and zinc oxides (Zn3(VO4)2 * 3 H2O). The optimal vanadium removal was obtained under the following experimental conditions: pH = 7.0, 50 mg/L of vanadium, 0.10 g/L of floccules, 25 °C, and 40 min of contact time between the floccules and the contaminated water. The percentage of vanadium removal were 97.4%, 89.76% and 66.08% for V(III) and 99.9%, 90.6% and 76.54% for V(V) while the concentration in the polluted water was 10, 30 and 50 mg/L, respectively. A pseudo–second–order model describes the vanadium adsorption kinetics. At 25 °C, the experimental data were well represented by the Freundlich isotherm, and the maximal vanadium adsorption capacity was 158.76 mg/g.

A magnetic chitosan for efficient adsorption of vanadium (V) from aqueous solution.

The all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) is becoming a promising technology for large-scale energy storage due to its advantages such as scalability and flexibility. In recent years, the VRFB has been successfully developed and put into use in many countries. It is expected that the abandoned VRFB will generate a large amount of vanadium waste. To our knowledge, there are few reports on the disposal of spent VRFBs. Herein, chitosan-coated nano-zero-valent iron (CS-Fe0) is proposed for the first time as adsorbents for the treatment of spent VRFBs. It can provide a new approach to deal with the upcoming large number of spent VRFBs. The calculated maximum adsorption capacity for V(V) of chitosan and CS-Fe0 reached 209.5 and 511.3mg/g at 288K, respectively. CS-Fe0 showed better adsorption performance than chitosan under different pH conditions and is easy to be separated from the liquid phase. The Freundlich isotherm was suitable for the adsorption process of chitosan, and CS-Fe0 was more consistent with the Langmuir isotherm. Ionic strength (0.05-0.5M) had a positive effect on the adsorption capacity of CS-Fe0, and the influence of coexisting anions on CS-Fe0 could be negligible. FTIR and XPS analyses revealed that the primary mechanisms were the electrostatic attraction of chitosan and redox of Fe0. The present study confirmed that CS-Fe0 could be a potential material to efficiently trap V(V) from the VRFB electrolyte.

Adsorption of vanadium (V) ions from the aqueous solutions on different biomass-derived biochars

The paper presents the results of the studies on the vanadium (V) ions removal from the aqueous solutions in the adsorption process on biochars from different biomass types (cow manure BC1, wet distiller grains BC2, spent mushroom substrates BC3). The adsorbents were characterized by means of the SEM-EDS, FTIR, XRD and XPS techniques. The influence of adsorbent type and basic process parameters, such as pH and metal ion concentration in aqueous phase, adsorbent dose and time of contact of phases on the efficiency of V(V) was determined. Based on the obtained results, the mechanism and kinetics of the adsorption processes occurring on the biochar originating from the wet distiller grains as adsorbents with the greatest affinity for the V(V) ions were characterized, using isotherm models of Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich and pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order as well as intraparticle diffusion kinetic models. Under the constant process conditions (pH = 3.0; m = 0.5 g; c0 = 50 mg/L) the order of V(V) ions removal from aqueous solutions was as follows: BC2 > BC1 = BC3. The biochar BC2 exhibited the maximum sorption capacity of 1.61 mg V(V)/g. The experimental kinetic data show the adsorption course according to the pseudo-second order model.

Sulfonated calixarene modified Poly(methyl methacrylate) nanoparticles:A promising adsorbent for Removal of Vanadium Ions from aqueous media

The poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based nanoparticle was synthesized by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization method and then post modified with Calixarene using (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane organo-silane as a linker after OH-treatment. The prepared structure was applied for efficient adsorption of Vanadium ions in the aqueous solution after characterization by FT-IR, SEM, TEM, DLS, and EDX. Additional investigations discovered that the prepared adsorbent has a good capacity to adsorb vanadium ions. The effect of key experimental factors was studied to find the optimal point of adsorbent efficiency including the initial concentration of analyte, sorbent dosage, pH of the solution, contact time, and type/quantity of the eluents. It was specified, the maximum adsorption capacity for the synthesized nanoparticles was obtained about 322 mg g−1. The adsorption mechanism was revealed that the model of Langmuir isotherm well-matched compared to the others due to the calculated equilibrium data. Besides, the kinetics of the adsorption process was fitted with pseudo-second-order. Eventually, the prepared adsorbent was successfully applied in vanadium adsorption from real water media.

Effect of Dimethyl Formamide (DMF) on Vanadium Reloading Over V-Ti SCR Catalyst

Active components reloading is critical process for the catalyst regeneration, which is limited by the low adsorption capacity and unwilling distribution of desired components to the catalyst surface. Herein we demonstrated that with dimethyl formamide(DMF) modification and sequentially reloading of vanadium, the traditional V-Ti SCR catalyst, which uses vanadium as the active components and titanium as the carrier, showed the significantly improved DeNOx performance, owing to the increased adsorption capacity and desired distribution of vanadium. When the DMF concentration was 6%, the adsorption capacity of the promoted catalyst was 3.58 and 6.57 mg/g under vanadyl ion concentrations of 1.5 and 3 g/L, respectively, 135 and 147% higher than that of the original catalyst. Adsorption kinetics demonstrated that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model better describes the process by which vanadyl ions adsorb onto the catalyst. In addition, the adsorption equilibrium indicated that Langmuir model was a closer fit for the vanadyl ion adsorption to the promoted catalyst. After DMF modification, the vanadyl ions were first adsorbed onto the functional groups on the catalyst surface, substantially increasing the vanadium loading on the catalyst surface while limiting the increase in vanadium content within the interior of catalyst, which was conducive to enhancing the DeNOx activity and reducing the increase in the SO2/SO3 conversion. When the vanadium adsorption capacity was 3.5 mg/g, the increase in the DeNOx activity of the promoted catalyst was 68.1% higher than that of the original catalyst, whereas the increase in SO2/SO3 conversion was 28.9% lower than that of the original catalyst. Thus, in the regeneration of SCR catalysts vanadium initial concentration and loading could be reduced.

Selective separation and recovery of vanadium from acid leaching solution of polymetallic black shale as function of aminophosphonic acid

AbstractBACKGROUNDAcid leaching is an effective method to extract vanadium from polymetallic black shale. However, a large amount of metal impurities, especially iron and aluminum, which accompany V, are released during this process.RESULTSIn this study, a aminophosphonic acid chelating resin was used for the differential adsorption and desorption of vanadium, iron and aluminum ions to achieve deep separation and concentration of vanadium ions present in the acid leaching solution of polymetallic black shale. Results showed that vanadium adsorption efficiency reached 90.17% at a pH of 1.8. After differential adsorption and desorption, the V:Fe and V:Al concentration ratios increased from 1.84 to 64.53 and from 0.24 to 37.92, respectively. When a 2.5 mol L−1 NaOH solution was used as desorbent, the separation factors β(V/Fe) and β(V/Al) reached values of 694.22 and 452.29, realizing the selective separation and concentration of vanadium.CONCLUSIONIt was found that the vanadium, iron and aluminum ions were selectively adsorbed onto the phosphonic acid functional groups (PO(OH)2) and amino functional groups (NH). The vanadium ions existed in the form of the polyvanadate (), which can be directionally adsorbed onto PO(OH)2 under POH bond cleavage and coordination of to the unsaturated phosphorus atom and then desorbed through the exchange between hydroxide anions OH− and . The iron and aluminum ions cannot be desorbed by OH− because the iron and aluminum sulfate moieties and were capable of coordinating to the nitrogen atom of the NH group via its lone electron pair. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

Vanadium(V) Adsorption from Aluminate Solutions by an Fe–AC Nanocomposite

Vanadium(V) Adsorption from Aluminate Solutions by an Fe–AC Nanocomposite

ZIF-8-derived porous carbon: application in capacitive deionization for vanadium (V) adsorption

ZIF-8-derived porous carbon: application in capacitive deionization for vanadium (V) adsorption

Surface Coverage Simulation and 3D Plotting of Main Process Parameters for Molybdenum and Vanadium Adsorption onto Ferrihydrite.

Ferrihydrite, FHY, was synthesized and characterized for morphology, mineralogy, surface area, hydrodynamic diameter and surface charge properties before molybdenum (Mo) and vanadium (V) adsorption. The potentiometric titration results showed first direct evidence that CO2 affects FHY surface sites at pH 6–9. Beside CO2, particles concentration may affect surface properties with an impact on adsorption performance. Additional new adsorption simulation results on theoretical surface coverage vs. experimental results obtained at varying particles concentration help theoreticians and experimentalists to better estimate and apply anion adsorption processes to real environments and suggest that simulation may not always be entirely reliable. Uptake capacities obtained experimentally, varying pH, particles and metals concentrations, were plotted to assess their synergetic effect and derive trends for future process optimization. Adsorption kinetics and isotherms were also considered. Experimentally derived values for maximum uptake capacities (0.43 and 1.20 mmol g−1, for Mo and V, respectively) and partitioning coefficients have applications, such as in making decisions for anions removal from wastewaters to achieve depollution efficiency or concentration required for effluents discharge and also implications in elements cycling from a geochemical perspective. In this work, the 3D plotting of the main adsorption process parameters obtained experimentally showed inter-correlations between significant process parameters that influence the adsorption process, and provides guidelines for its optimization and indicates that laboratory data can be transposed to real systems.

Purification of an iron contaminated vanadium solution through ion exchange resins

• A synthetic vanadium solution contaminated by iron was purified. • Adsorption of V and Fe was tested for three chelating and a strong cation resins. • An increase in pH from 0.50 up to 2.00 favored extraction for both elements. • Vanadium adsorption was better explained by Langmuir isotherms in most of the resins. • IDA functional group resins are promising to recovery vanadium when compared to iron. The present work aimed to study the behavior of four ion exchange resins : Lewatit® ️ MonoPlus TP 209 XL, Lewatit® ️ TP 207, Dowex™️ M4195 (chelating resins) and Lewatit® ️ MonoPlus S 200H (strong cationic exchange resin) in the selective recovery of vanadium from an acid solution containing iron as an impurity. Batch experiments were carried out to evaluate the influence of parameters such as pH (0.50–2.00), resin mass (0.055–9.000 g) and temperature (293–328 K). Ion-adsorption mechanisms of the resins and thermodynamic parameters of adsorption reactions were evaluated. Increasing the pH from 0.50 to 2.00 favored the adsorption of both iron and vanadium by the resins. Chelating resins were more selective for vanadium than S 200H resin. Vanadium adsorption better adjusted to the Langmuir isotherm for the TP 209 XL, TP 207 and S 200H resins, while M4195 adjusted better to the Temkin isotherm. The iron adsorption mechanism, however, varied between the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models. The positive values of ΔH 0 expressed the endothermic nature of the vanadium adsorption process for the three chelating resins and for iron in all of them. Furthermore, negative ΔG 0 values revealed a spontaneous character of the adsorption of both metals to all of the resins. In terms of mass of adsorbed ions, chelating resins showed good selectivity for vanadium compared to iron and these are, therefore, promising to obtain pure vanadium solutions in greater scale operations.

Vanadium Adsorption from Industrial Bayer Liquor by Magnetite – Amberlite Ira400 Nanocomposite

Vanadium Adsorption from Industrial Bayer Liquor by Magnetite – Amberlite Ira400 Nanocomposite