Van Rhijn Research Articles

Luminosity Function of Some Open Clusters

We investigated the luminosity function (LF) and initial mass function (IMF) of some open clusters having different ages. To calculate the LF, we followed the classical definition by van Rhijn (1936). Statistical investigation of the dispersion around a range of magnitudes concerning what is called Wielen dip revealed that the dip is unreal. To confirm the unreality of the dip, we computed the IMF for these open clusters, the statistical investigation of the IMF confirmed the results obtained using the LF, that is, there is no dip for these open clusters under study.

Arnoldus Van Rhijn on aphasia: A forgotten thesis

Background Aphasia formed a central topic in the discussion on localization of function in the nineteenth century, in particular in France, Germany and Great Brittain. Little is known on contributions from the Netherlands. Aim This paper aims to discuss the contents of Arnoldus Van Rhijn’s dissertation on aphasia, written in 1868 and one of the very few Dutch contributions to aphasiology in the nineteenth century. Added to this paper is a translation of the “Physiological Part” of Van Rhijn’s dissertation. Outcome Van Rhijn discussed three cases with acquired aphasia. He rejected Broca’s notion of a cortical center for the articulation of speech and instead regarded the cortex as the site where the will exerted its influence. He argued that there is a certain form of specialization: the will to say something is localized at a different place than the will to write. According to Van Rhijn, the highest motor centers are localized in the subcortical gray areas. Van Rhijn concluded that aphasia may result from lesions to the cortical centers involved in speaking, or from a disconnection of the cortical and subcortical centers. Conclusion Very little work was done on aphasia in the 19th century in the Netherlands. Van Rhijn’s thesis, from an aphasiological point of view of limited value, does show that the notions of “centers”, “connections”, and “disorders due to disconnections” were generally known before Wernicke, also in the Netherlands.

Differential roles for SUR subunits in KATP channel membrane targeting and regulation

since their discovery over 25 years ago, ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels have been studied extensively in many tissues, including heart, pancreas, brain, skeletal and smooth muscle, pituitary, and kidney ([6][1], [10][2], [18][3], [19][4]). KATP channels are critical sensors that couple cellular

Commentary on “Cystoscopy revisited as the gold standard for detecting bladder cancer recurrence: Diagnostic review bias in the randomized, prospective CEFUB trial”: van der Aa MN, Steyerberg EW, Bangma C, van Rhijn BW, Zwarthoff EC, van der Kwast TH, Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Commentary on “Cystoscopy revisited as the gold standard for detecting bladder cancer recurrence: Diagnostic review bias in the randomized, prospective CEFUB trial”: van der Aa MN, Steyerberg EW, Bangma C, van Rhijn BW, Zwarthoff EC, van der Kwast TH, Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Stage pT0 at Radical Cystectomy Confers Improved Survival: An International Study of 4,430 Patients

We describe the cancer related outcome in patients with pT0 bladder urothelial carcinoma at radical cystectomy who did not receive preoperative chemotherapy in a large multicenter series. We also compared outcomes in patients with pT0 bladder urothelial carcinoma to those in patients with other stages and assessed the effect of clinical stage on outcome. We reviewed the records of 4,430 patients treated with radical cystectomy for bladder urothelial carcinoma without neoadjuvant chemotherapy at 12 centers in the United States, Canada and Europe. Of the patients 228 (5.1%) had pT0 disease at radical cystectomy. Clinical stage was cTa or cTis in 13.6% and cT1 in 29.8% of these patients, and disease was muscle invasive (cT2-4a) in 56.2%. Metastasis developed to regional lymph nodes in 17 cases (7.5%). At a median 48.2-month followup 15 patients (6.6%) had died of bladder cancer. Five-year recurrence-free and cancer specific survival estimates were 89.7% (95% CI 85.3-93.1) and 93.1% (95% CI 88.9-95.6), respectively. Disease-free and cancer specific survival in pT0 cases was similar to that in pTa/pTis cases but significantly better than in pT1 or pT2 cases. On multivariate analysis increased disease recurrence and cancer specific mortality risks were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (each p <0.001) and female gender (p <0.001 and 0.013, respectively). Although stage pT0 at radical cystectomy confers a benefit in survival, some patients experience disease recurrence and eventual death. Identifying these patients may help tailor postoperative decision making in patients with pT0.

1476 PATIENTS WITH NON PRIMARY PT1 NON-MUSCLE INVASIVE BLADDER CANCER (NMI-BC) TREATED WITH BACILLUS CALMETTE-GUERIN (BCG) ARE AT HIGHER RISK OF PROGRESSION COMPARED TO PRIMARY T1 TUMORS

You have accessJournal of UrologyBladder Cancer: Superficial II1 Apr 20101476 PATIENTS WITH NON PRIMARY PT1 NON-MUSCLE INVASIVE BLADDER CANCER (NMI-BC) TREATED WITH BACILLUS CALMETTE-GUERIN (BCG) ARE AT HIGHER RISK OF PROGRESSION COMPARED TO PRIMARY T1 TUMORS Sultan Alkhateeb, Bas Van Rhijn, Antonio Finelli, Theodorus van der Kwast, Andrew Evans, Sally Hanna, Rati Vajpeyi, Neil Fleshner, Michael Jewett, and Alexandre Zlotta Sultan AlkhateebSultan Alkhateeb More articles by this author , Bas Van RhijnBas Van Rhijn More articles by this author , Antonio FinelliAntonio Finelli More articles by this author , Theodorus van der KwastTheodorus van der Kwast More articles by this author , Andrew EvansAndrew Evans More articles by this author , Sally HannaSally Hanna More articles by this author , Rati VajpeyiRati Vajpeyi More articles by this author , Neil FleshnerNeil Fleshner More articles by this author , Michael JewettMichael Jewett More articles by this author , and Alexandre ZlottaAlexandre Zlotta More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2010.02.1191AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Few studies, with limited number of patients, have examined the prognostic significance of prior tumor resection(s) in T1 non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMI-BC) treated with intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). The aim of this study is to examine this issue by comparing the prognosis of primary versus non-primary T1 NMI-BC treated with BCG. METHODS Patients with pT1 NMI-BC treated with BCG were identified from our database. Grade and stage were reviewed by an experienced pathologist. Patients were stratified into primary versus non-primary tumors and their outcome (recurrence, progression and disease specific mortality) were then compared using univariate analysis, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis adjusting for various clinical and pathological features including, age, gender, tumor size, multifocality, pathological grade and associated carcinoma-in-situ (CIS). RESULTS A total of 191 patients were identified, 95 (49.7%) with primary and 96 (50.3%) with non-primary tumors. Clinical and pathological characteristics of both groups were comparable in a univariate analysis. With a median follow up of 48 months and in a multivariate analysis, progression rates in the primary versus the non-primary group were 24.2% vs 39.6%, respectively (HR 2.07, 95% CI 0.98 – 3.71, p-values 0.03). The 5-year progression-free survival rate in the primary group was 71.9% compared to 51.5% in the non-primary group (Log Rank p-value ≤ 0.001). This difference remained significant in a multivariate Cox regression analysis (HR 2.53, 95% CI 1.40 – 4.57, p-value 0.002). With regard to recurrence and disease-specific mortality, there was no difference between the two groups in both univariate and multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS Non-primary T1 NMI bladder tumors treated with BCG carry a significantly higher risk of progression to muscle invasive disease compared to primary tumors. This information may be used in combination with other prognostic factors to identify patients at high risk of progression when counseling patients. Toronto, Canada© 2010 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 183Issue 4SApril 2010Page: e569 Peer Review Report Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2010 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Sultan Alkhateeb More articles by this author Bas Van Rhijn More articles by this author Antonio Finelli More articles by this author Theodorus van der Kwast More articles by this author Andrew Evans More articles by this author Sally Hanna More articles by this author Rati Vajpeyi More articles by this author Neil Fleshner More articles by this author Michael Jewett More articles by this author Alexandre Zlotta More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Reduced Expression of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2IIIb in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Induces a More Aggressive Growth

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 isoform b (FGFR2-IIIb) is highly expressed in hepatocytes and plays an important role in liver homeostasis and regeneration. Here, we analyzed the expression and function of FGFR2-IIIb in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). FGFR2-IIIb expression in HCC tissues and cell lines was lower than in primary human hepatocytes and nontumorous tissue. FGFR2-IIIb-negative HCCs showed a significantly higher Ki-67 labeling index, and loss of FGFR2-IIIb expression correlated significantly with vascular invasion and more advanced tumor stages. A decrease in FGFR-2IIIb expression in HCC cell lines was not related to promoter hypermethylation. However, PCR analysis indicated that chromosomal deletion at 10q accounted for the loss of FGFR2 expression in a subset of HCC cells. FGFR2-IIIb re-expression in stable transfected HCC cell lines induced a higher basal apoptosis rate and a significantly reduced proliferation and migratory potential in vitro. In nude mice, FGFR2-IIIb re-expressing HCC cells grew significantly slower, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay revealed higher apoptosis rates. The antitumorigenic effects of FGFR2-IIIb expression in HCC cells were not affected by keratinocyte growth factor or an inhibitor of FGFR-phosphorylation, indicating that they are independent of tyrosine kinase activation. In conclusion, our data indicate that FGFR2-IIIb inhibits tumorigenicity of HCC cells. Identification of the molecular mechanisms promoting regeneration in normal tissue while suppressing malignancy may lead to novel therapeutic targets of this highly aggressive tumor.

Shepherds of the Lord: Priests and Episcopal Statutes in the Carolingian Period – By Carine van Rhijn

Shepherds of the Lord: Priests and Episcopal Statutes in the Carolingian Period – By Carine van Rhijn

TaT1 (Non-muscle invasive) Bladder Cancer

Non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer—previously termed superficial bladder cancer—is a common disease that urologists are confronted with every day. Four papers in this issue by experts in the field provide the current knowledge needed to deal with this costly disease. Recurrence rates associated with TaT1 bladder cancer remain high; therefore, treatment must aim at reducing the likelihood of recurrence as much as possible. In addition, some cancers have a definite risk of progression, and these must be identified by risk stratification. While the primary diagnosis of bladder cancer is still usually driven by symptoms, the diagnosis of recurrence is partly based on examinations using urine. The value of urine markers and cytology is examined in detail by Bas van Rhijn and colleagues. Transurethral resection (TUR) is the method used to make a definite (histological) diagnosis of bladder cancer and is the primary treatment. Its technique and adjunctive measures are of crucial importance for the rate of recurrence, as described byMarko Babjuk. Matthew Braasch et al, in a review that is largely centered around the immunotherapy with bacillus Calmette-Guerin, analyze the indications, complications, and results of intravesical treatment. In any bladder-sparing approach in high-risk non–muscle-invasive cancer, intravesical treatment is of utmost importance. Understanding what the risk strategy is and also how to deal with treatment failures is critical. Van der Heijden andWitjes review the current knowledge about the known risk factors of non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer, epidemiological aswell asmolecularandgenetic, that impact the risk of recurrence and progression with different treatment strategies. They discuss the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer risk tables as well as the follow-up strategies that are currently recommended.

AUA Best Practice Statement for the Prevention of Deep Vein Thrombosis in Patients Undergoing Urologic Surgery

Summary of VTE prophylaxis recommendations Level of risk Prophylactic treatmentLow Risk ● No prophylaxis other than early ambulationModerate Risk ● Heparin 5000 units every 12 hours subcutaneous starting after surgery ● OR *Enoxaparin 40 mg. (Cr Cl 30 ml/min. 30 mg.) subcutaneous daily ● OR Pneumatic compression device if risk of bleeding is highHigh Risk ● Heparin 5000 units every 8 hours subcutaneous starting after surgery ● OR *Enoxaparin 40 mg. (Cr Cl 30 ml/min. 30 mg.) subcutaneous daily ● OR Pneumatic compression device if risk of bleeding is highVery High Risk ● *Enoxaparin 40 mg. (Cr Cl 30 ml/min. 30 mg.) subcutaneous daily and adjuvant pneumatic compression device, or ● Heparin 5000 units every 8 hours subcutaneous starting after surgery and adjuvant pneumatic compression device* Guidelines and Cautions for Enoxaparin Use ● In patients with a body weight 150 Kg. consider increasing prophylaxis dose of Enoxaparin to 40 mg. subcutaneous every 12 hours. ● Withhold Enoxaparin generally for at least 2 to 3 days after major trauma, and then only consider use after review of current patient condition and risk benefit ratio.

Shepherds of the Lord: Priests and Episcopal Statutes in the Carolingian Period. Carine van Rhijn

Previous articleNext article No AccessReviewsShepherds of the Lord: Priests and Episcopal Statutes in the Carolingian Period. Carine van Rhijn Susan A. KeefeSusan A. Keefe Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Speculum Volume 84, Number 1Jan., 2009 The journal of the Medieval Academy of America Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1017/S0038713400021503 Views: 2Total views on this site Copyright 2009 The Medieval Academy of AmericaPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Shepherds of the Lord: Priests and Episcopal Statutes in the Carolingian Period - By Carine van Rhijn

Shepherds of the Lord: Priests and Episcopal Statutes in the Carolingian Period - By Carine van Rhijn

Outcome After Radical Cystectomy With Limited or Extended Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection

We compared recurrence patterns and survival of patients with urothelial bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy who either had limited or extended pelvic lymph node dissection at 2 institutions between 1987 and 2000. Two consecutive series of patients treated with radical cystectomy and limited pelvic lymph node dissection (336; Cleveland Clinic) and extended pelvic lymph node dissection (322; University of Bern) were analyzed. All cases were staged N0M0 prior to radical cystectomy, and none were treated with neoadjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Patients with PTis/pT1 and pT4 disease were excluded from analysis. Pathological characteristics based on the 1997 TNM system and recurrence patterns were determined. The overall lymph node positive rate was 13% for patients with limited and 26% for those who had extended pelvic lymph node dissection. The 5-year recurrence-free survival of patients with lymph node positive disease was 7% for limited and 35% for extended pelvic lymph node dissection. The 5-year recurrence-free survival for pT2pN0 cases was 67% for limited and 77% for extended pelvic lymph node dissection, and the respective percentages for pT3pN0 cases were 23% and 57% (p <0.0001). The 5-year recurrence-free survival for pT2pN0-2 cases was 63% for limited and 71% for extended pelvic lymph node dissection, and for pT3pN0-2 cases the respective figures were 19% and 49% (p <0.0001). Incidence of local and systemic failure correlated closely with pathological stage for both series. Our data suggest that limited pelvic lymph node dissection is associated with suboptimal staging, poorer outcome for patients with node positive and node negative disease, and a higher rate of local progression. Extended pelvic lymph node dissection allows for more accurate staging and improved survival of patients with nonorgan confined and lymph node positive disease.

Detection of tumours of the urinary tract in voided urine

Patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer are treated by transurethral resection. About 60-70% of these patients will develop recurrences and in 11% of these cases progression to a muscle-invasive tumour occurs. Surveillance of patients by cystoscopy is therefore carried out every 3-4 months in the first 2 years and yearly thereafter. Several biomarkers have been developed that potentially can detect recurrent bladder cancer in voided urine samples and may present an alternative for the invasive cystoscopy procedure. Recently, van Rhijn reviewed the performance of several of these biomarkers regarding detection of recurrent disease in patients under surveillance. In general, sensitivities were much lower when only patients under surveillance were taken into account than when the patient cohorts included patients with primary disease or patients with high-grade tumours. In this article recent new data on those markers that displayed a sensitivity and specificity of at least 70% as mentioned in the review by van Rhijn are reviewed. The literature selected was limited to those papers in which the performance of makers was assayed only on urine samples of patients under surveillance. The markers with sensitivity and specificity over 70% that were selected from the previous study are Lewis X, NMP22, microsatellite analysis (MA), CYFRA 21.1, cytokeratin 20 and the UroVysion fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) test. Recent new developments such as the use of FGFR3 mutation analysis and methylation detection are also discussed. In conclusion, tests such as the UroVysion FISH test and MA are able to detect most concomitant recurrences and to predict recurrent disease. In general, lesions that are missed are pTa and low grade. With MA several upper tract recurrences were identified that were missed by cystoscopy. The value of the most promising urine tests needs to be established in longitudinal studies and exclusively on patients under surveillance for recurrent disease. A longitudinal setting allows subsequent urine samples to be tested and this increases sensitivity because a negative test outcome sometimes occurs between positive ones. Stratification of patients according to the genetic status of their primary tumours and smoking habits should be investigated. Decision models should be developed that recommend at which points in time cystoscopy or urine testing should be performed.

A SURVEILLANCE SCHEDULE FOR G1Ta BLADDER CANCER ALLOWING EFFICIENT USE OF CHECK CYSTOSCOPY AND SAFE DISCHARGE AT 5 YEARS BASED ON A 25-YEAR PROSPECTIVE DATABASE

In the absence of clear evidence, surveillance of low grade superficial bladder cancer by regular check cystoscopy may continue unnecessarily, or discharge from followup may occur empirically. We review the followup during a prospective 25-year period of patients presenting with G1Ta bladder cancer, and it is this analysis on which we base a safe schedule for discharge. A prospectively kept, computerized record of bladder cancers diagnosed between 1978 and 1985 and subsequently followed up at the Western General Hospital, Edinburgh was reviewed. A total of 115 patients with G1Ta disease were followed for a mean of 19.4 years. Tumor status at 3 months was the strongest prognostic factor for recurrence. Although the absence of tumor at 1 year was also a favorable prognostic sign, it was not for 5 years that the situation entirely stabilized (recurrence developed in 8 of 66 such patients between 1 and 5 years). Of those who did not have recurrence in 5 years, 98.3% patients remained tumor-free for 20 years. In contrast in those with recurrence at 3 months the recurrence rate was much higher. Overall 12% of patients experienced progression, mostly in year 1. None of the 8 who had their first recurrence after year 1 had disease progression. Patients with G1Ta disease who are free of recurrence for 5 years after presentation can be safely discharged. We propose to alter the regime for patients with no recurrence in year 1 and discharge them at 5 years.

The Mass Distribution of Secondaries to Solar-Type Stars

AbstractTwo previous studies of the secondary mass function in spectroscopic binaries by Abt &amp; Levy (1976) and by Duquennoy &amp; Mayor (1991) are shown to be in good agreement if they are both plotted with the same abscissa scale. A new study of 271 main-sequence stars later than F6 V made with a radial-velocity accuracy of ±0.10 km s-1 yielded 10 new sets of orbital elements in addition to the 59 published ones. The resulting secondary mass function is nearly flat and shows that 2.2±1.5% of the primaries have low-mass (0.01–0.10 M⊙) companions. In contrast, the secondary mass function for visual binaries with separations &gt;500 AU fits a van Rhijn function, as was shown previously by Abt and Levy.

The origin of parental care in birds: a reassessment

The origin of parental care in birds: a reassessment

The Correspondence of Wessel Gansfort: an Inventory

The works of Wessel Gansfort (1419-89) have never yet been charted in a satisfactory manner. As a critical theologian the author is widely known. A collection of his works was published as early as 1614 in Groningen, the town where he was bom and where he died.' Even so no modern survey of his writings, offering an inventory, date and brief description is available today. In his Standard work on Wessel published in 1917, the Utrecht church historian M. van Rhijn did not include such a survey. Although he added an appendix on the subject of Wessel's lost as well as extant works, he only provided a list of the latter according to the printed edition of 1614, stating rather glibly that there was little certainty about their actual dates.2 Rather than in Wessel's individual writings, Van Rhijn was inter ested in the main themes of Wessel's theology, and the importance of his work lies in the valuable outline of these themes and of their

Ground-based satellite-type images of the upper-atmosphere emissive layer.

With the introduction of infrared (IR) retina sensors used as focal-plane arrays in large telescopes, astronomical observations are now frequently located in the near-IR part of the spectrum. In this region the upper atmosphere introduces in the 0.7-3 microns range an additional component due to the OH vibrational band emission that should be subtracted from the astronomical data. Observations of this upper-atmosphere emission performed at the Pic de Châteaurenard (altitude of 2989 m) are presented here. A panoramic image of the emission is constructed by use of a set of 48 images obtained with a CCD camera mounted on an alt-azimuthal platform. After a numerical filter is used to suppress the star images, the atmospheric emission shows two distinct sets of arches vanishing at two opposite points in the WNW and ESE azimuths. The emissive layer, caused by the ozone-hydrogen reaction, is thin and located at the altitude of 85 km. By use of these data, the perspective effect that produces the panoramic arches is inverted in introducing the concept of a virtual camera. The Van Rhijn effect and the refraction correction are taken into account. The three punctual transformations that use matrix algorithms are analyzed. The result is a satellite-type view of the emissive layer that appears as a disk having a radius of approximately 1100 km. This disk is limited by the summit line of the Alps surrounding the Pic de Châteaurenard. The field of view covers a large part of Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, and North Africa. It shows an extended wave system. The images presented show that the upper-atmospheric layer is an efficient tracer of the dynamic processes at that level. Satellite-type views can be calculated without the drawback of looking downward from a satellite and measuring the numerous emissions from cities, oil fields, and other luminous sources.

Evaluation of a New Scraper

Paint scraping with the traditional triangular scraper is a tiring job causing hazardous forces and high wrist moments (Van Rhijn &amp; Eikhout, 1998). As an answer to those problems the recently developed scraper has been designed with the end user in mind. This paper reviews a field study testing the new product with 20 professional painters. The results show that the new scraper, in comparison with the traditional one, has strong positive effects on physical load: wrist moments and forces are reduced. Furthermore, the new paint scraper was considered very user-friendly by professionals and ergonomic experts.