Van Oorschot Research Articles

A Systematic Analysis of Secondary DNA Transfer

The Nature letter by R. van Oorschot and M. Jones (1) addressed two topics: the primary transfer of DNA from person to person or to various objects, and the secondary transfer of DNA through an intermediary. Forensic scientists have described the primary transfer of DNA and other biological evidence for many years. However, the authors also reported detecting secondary transfer of DNA from an object to a person's hands, which could adversely affect DNA typing in the forensic context. The prospect of secondary transfer raises questions of interest to both the legal and forensic communities. Therefore, we sought to evaluate parameters potentially leading to secondary DNA transfer. Our data do not support the conclusion that secondary transfer will compromise DNA typing results under typical forensic conditions.

Best Practices

For those struggling with cryptographic security policies and practices, this column may help to develop some best practices. These practices reflect the author's experience and national and international standards efforts. The author has written this article for information security managers and professionals who already have some background in cryptography. For those who would like more background material, the following books are recommended: • Vijay Ahuja's book Secure Commerce on the Internet (published by AP Professional, 1997) describes many of the uses of cryptography. • David Kahn's The Codebreakers (published by Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1967) is the definitive history of cryptology. • Whitfield Diffie's and Susan Landau's Privacy on the Line (published by MIT Press, 1998) provides an excellent debate on the politics of wiretapping and encryption. This book also presents a clear case for effective cryptographic security in industry. • Alfred J. Menezes, Paul C. van Oorschot, and Scott A. Vanstone wrote the technical bible on cryptography nicknamed the “HACk,” Handbook on Applied Cryptography (published by CRC Press, 1997). This highly technical book is a serious reference book for implementers of cryptographic systems.

Fatal aorticMyceliophthora thermophilainfection in a patient affected by cystic medial necrosis

A 22-year-old Italian woman developed fungal aortitis after cardiac surgery for aortic insufficiency. She experienced two episodes of septic embolization and subsequently underwent replacement of the aortic root and initial ascending aorta by a homograft. The lumina of the ascending aorta, aortic arch and the origin of the innominate artery were completely filled with vegetation. From the involved tissue the phaeoid thermophilic hyphomycete Myceliophthora thermophila (Apinis) van Oorschot was isolated in pure culture. This is the second report of isolation of this fungus from humans and the first isolation of a human pathogenic strain of M. thermophila causing fatal vasculitis in a patient affected by cystic medial necrosis. A detailed morphological description of the isolate is also provided.

Elusive Bodies: The Politics of Aesthetics among Yemeni Elite Women

Previous articleNext article No AccessElusive Bodies: The Politics of Aesthetics among Yemeni Elite WomenGabriele vom BruckGabriele vom Bruck Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Signs Volume 23, Number 1Autumn, 1997 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/495239 Views: 10Total views on this site Citations: 10Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1997 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:May Ling D. Halim, Brenda C. Gutierrez, Danielle N. Bryant, Maria Arredondo, Kiyo Takesako Gender is what you look like: Emerging gender identities in young children and preoccupation with appearance, Self and Identity 17, no.44 (May 2018): 455–466.https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2017.1412344Sarah Trainer Piety, Glamour, and Protest: Performing Social Status and Affiliation in the United Arab Emirates, Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 46, no.33 (Oct 2015): 361–386.https://doi.org/10.1177/0891241615611728Sertaç Sehlikoglu Exercising in Comfort, Journal of Middle East Women's Studies 12, no.22 (Jul 2016): 143–165.https://doi.org/10.1215/15525864-3507606Irene van Oorschot Qat, Cosmopolitanism, and Modernity in Sana’a, Yemen, Chroniques yéménites , no.11 (Mar 2013).https://doi.org/10.4000/cy.2072Gabriele vom Bruck Self-Similarity and Its Perils, (Sep 2012): 139–169.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4267-3_7LAURA PEARL KAYA The criterion of consistency: Women's self-presentation at Yarmouk University, Jordan, American Ethnologist 37, no.33 (Jul 2010): 526–538.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1425.2010.01270.xPayoshni Mitra Challenging Stereotypes: The Case of Muslim Female Boxers in Bengal, The International Journal of the History of Sport 26, no.1212 (Sep 2009): 1840–1851.https://doi.org/10.1080/09523360903172424Annelies Moors Fashionable Muslims: Notions of Self, Religion, and Society in Sanà, Fashion Theory 11, no.2-32-3 (Apr 2015): 319–346.https://doi.org/10.2752/136270407X202853Gabriele vom Bruck, Pauline Baggio Le nom comme signe corporel L’exemple des femmes de la noblesse yéménite, Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 56, no.22 (May 2017): 283–311.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0395264900032650Iris Jean-Klein Nationalism and Resistance: The Two Faces of Everyday Activism in Palestine during the Intifada, Cultural Anthropology 16, no.11 (Feb 2001): 83–126.https://doi.org/10.1525/can.2001.16.1.83

Book Reviews : WIM VAN OORSCHOT Realizing Rights: a Multi-Level Approach to Non-take-up of Means-tested Benefits

Book Reviews : WIM VAN OORSCHOT Realizing Rights: a Multi-Level Approach to Non-take-up of Means-tested Benefits

A heterogeneous distribution ofEmmonsia parvavar.crescensin an agro-ecosystem

The lung tissue of 1143 rodents of five species, caught at a number of sites and habitats in an agro-ecosystem (southern Moravia, Czech Republic) in 1988-1993, was examined for the presence of adiaspores of Emmonsia parva var. crescens (Emmons et Jellison) van Oorschot. The overall prevalence of adiasporomycosis was 16.6%, but its distribution varied significantly according to rodent species (Clethrionomys glareolus 37.6%, Apodemus flavicollis 33.3%, A. sylvaticus 21.1%, A microps 9.2%, Microtus arvalis 2.7%) and habitat (lucerne fields 2.8%, fields with other crops 10.6%, windbreaks 33.1%, woods 15.8%). Wooded areas have consistently higher prevalence rates of rodent adiasporomycosis than arable fields. Some windbreaks could form natural foci of adiasporomycosis in the agricultural, largely deforested landscape.

Enhancing the Strength of Conventional Cryptosystems

We look at various ways of enhancing the strength of conventional cryptosystems such as DES by building a new system which has longer keys and which uses the original system as a building block. We propose a new variant of two-key triple encryption which is not vulnerable to the meet in the middle attack by van Oorschot and Wiener. Under an appropriate assumption on the security of DES, we can prove that our system is at least as hard to break as single DES.

Comparative investigation of cellulose-degrading enzyme systems produced by different strains of Myceliophthora thermophila (Apinis) v. Oorschot

Several strains of Myceliophthora (syn. Sporotrichum, Chrysosporium) thermophila (Apinis) van Oorschot were investigated with the aim of comparing the cellulase systems. Strain-to-strain variations, in response to growth substrate, were observed at different levels, such as cultural behavior, amount of enzyme secreted, or enzyme composition. All strains grew well on glucose and cellobiose. The majority of strains, however, did not thrive on lactose, which was also inefficient in triggering the secretion of cellulase enzymes. A cellulase system was typically formed during growth on cellulose (Avicel), but some systems were also induced, although less efficiently, by cellobiose. The composition of the cellulase system produced by different strains was analyzed by anion exchange chromatography, gel filtration, and chromatofocusing and found to be strikingly similar, though not identical. The exocellulase component of the systems was assayed directly in the crude culture filtrate by a procedure involving the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyllactoside and by an electroimmunoassay performed with a specific rabbit antiserum raised against the pure component from strain ATCC 42 464, as reference strain. Enzyme from all strains of Myceliophthora thermophila cross-reacted with the antiserum in a manner that exactly paralleled the enzymatic detection of exocellulase: these observations showed that the different exocomponents had similar antigenic determinants.

No association between the ovine leucocyte antigen (OLA) system in the australian merino and susceptibility to Haemonchus contortus infection

Cooper D.W., Van Oorschot R.A.H., Piper L.R. and Le Jambre L.F. 1989. No association between the Ovine Leucocyte Antigen (OLA) system in the Australian merino and susceptibility to Haemonchus contortus infection. International Journal for Parasitology 19: 695–697. A genetic analysis has been made of the Ovine Leucocyte Antigenic (OLA) system in Australian merinos. The animals consisted of sires, dams and their progeny. The typing data were consistent with previous findings of a high degree of polymorphism. At least two closely linked loci with several alleles at each are necessary to explain the data. No evidence was found for an association between OLA types and three measures of susceptibility to infection by the blood-sucking parasite Haemonchus contortus. Attention is drawn to the utility of half-sib data for analysis of the genetic control of resistance to parasites in sheep and other animals with a similar breeding structure.

Book Reviews

Book Reviewed in this Article:Principles of Plant Biotechnology: An Introduction to Genetic Engineering in Plants. By S.H. Mantell, J.A. Matthews & R.A. McKee.Quality Control in the Food Industry, Volume 1. 2nd edn. Ed by S. M. Herschdoerfer.An Evaluation of the Role of Microbiological Criteria for Food and Food Ingredients.Sensory Evaluation of Food: Statistical Methods and Procedures. By Michael O'Mahony.Intestinal Microbiology. By B.S. Drasar and P.A. Barrow.Common Fragrance and Flavor Materials: Preparation, Properties and Uses. By Kurt Bauer and Dorothea Garbe.Digestibility and Amino Acid Availability in Cereals and Oilseeds. Edited by John W. Finley & Daniel T. Hopkins.Fungi and Food Spoilage. By John I. Pitt and Ailsa D. Hocking.Introduction to Food‐borne Fungi. By Robert A. Samson, Ellen S. Hoekstra, Connie A.N. van Oorschot and others.

Dimorphic behaviour and taxonomy of Trichosporiella sporotrichoides.

Three strains of Trichosporiella sporotrichoides van Oorschot showed divergent reactions to suspension plating. A comparison was made with other yeast-like fungi and some descriptive terms were redefined or introduced. Strain CBS 671.74 developed the same hyphae with lateral conidia as in streak cultures. Strain CBS 577.77 showed initial-stage budding eventually giving rise to hyphae with lateral conidia. CBS 152.76 showed phenotypic segregation with suspension plating and an additional pseudomycelial form in liquid culture. Further differences between the strains were found in carbohydrate composition of cells, ultrastructure of cell walls and in growth patterns on various sugars. Two strains with basidiomycetous affinities are reclassified in the genus Trichosporon. A third strain with ascomycetous affinities is redescribed as Trichosporiella ornithopoda spec. nov.

Availability of networks subject to scheduled-maintenance: J. M. Kontoleon. IEEE Trans. Reliab., R-28, (1) 90 (April 1979)

The authors propose a recursive protocol for group-oriented authentication with key exchange, in which a group of n entities can authenticate with each other and share a group session key. The proposed protocol has the following characteristics: First, it requires O(n) rounds of messages, O(log n) completion time, O(log n) waiting time, and O(n log n) communication overhead in average for the completion of the recursion. Second, it not only meets the five principles suggested by Diffie et al. [Diffie, W., van Oorschot, P.C., Wiener, M.J., 1992. Authentication and authenticated key exchange. Designs, Codes, and Cryptography 2 (2), 107–125] on the design of a secure key exchange protocol, but also achieves the properties of nondisclosure, independency, and integrity addressed by Janson and Tsudik [Janson, P., Tsudik, G., 1995. Secure and minimal protocols for authenticated key distribution. Computer Communications 18 (9), 645–653] for the authentication of the group session key. Third, we describe the beliefs of trustworthy entities involved in our authentication protocol and the evolution of these beliefs as a consequence of communication by using BAN logic. Finally, it is practical and efficient, because only one-way hash function and exclusive-or (XOR) operations are used in implementation.

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

The eighteenth session of the contracting parties to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was held in Geneva from May 14 to 19, 1961, under the chairmanship of Mr. W. P. H. van Oorschot of the Netherlands. It was announced at the session that the first phase of the 1960–61 Tariff Conference, which was largely concerned with negotiations with the European Economic Community (EEC), had been terminated and that the general round of tariff negotiations would open on May 29, 1961. The Tariffs Negotiations Committee was scheduled to meet that same day and reconstitute itself in order to meet the new circumstances and to make the necessary arrangements for the general negotiations.