Van Der Wulp Research Articles

The development and evaluation of a single step multiplex PCR for simultaneous detection of Anopheles annularis group mosquitoes, human host preference and Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite presence

The Anopheles annularis group mosquitoes, subgenus Cellia Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae), includes five recognized species: An. annularis Van der Wulp, An. nivipes Theobald, An. pallidus Theobald, An. philippinensis Ludlow and An. schueffneri Stanton. From these five, the three most common species found in Orissa were considered for this study because of their remarkable vectorial and behavioral variation and the important role they play in malaria transmission. To identify and understand their role in malaria transmission we developed a single multiplex PCR-based assay. This assay included the detection of human blood feeding habit and Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite presence. Of the 186 An. annularis mosquitoes collected, morphological character-based identification showed that 94 were An. annularis, 54 were An. philippinensis and 38 were An. pallidus. However, the multiplex PCR assay confirmed that 91 were An. annularis, 56 were An. philippinensis and 39 were An. pallidus individuals after adjustments were made for misidentified specimens in the morphological method. Anopheles annularis and An. philippinensis were found positive for human blood, and two samples of An. annularis species were positive for P. falciparum sporozoites. This one-step PCR-based method constitutes a very powerful tool in large surveys of anopheline populations.

New species of Tanytarsus van der Wulp, 1874 (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Central America

Two new species of Tanytarsus van der Wulp, 1874 (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Central America are described as male adults: Tanytarsus poqomchi sp. n. and Tanytarsus kiche sp. n. Both show a widespread distribution in the tropical lowlands of Yucatán and occur in water bodies with a wide range of environmental conditions.

Opinion 2206 (Case 3355)orthocladiinae Kieffer, 1911 andOrthocladiusvan der Wulp, 1874 (Diptera, chironomidae): subfamilial name conserved and type species fixed

The Commission has conserved the usage of the names orthocladiinae Kieffer, 1911 and Orthocladius van der Wulp, 1874 for a well-known group of non-biting midges by designation of Chironomus oblidens Walker, 1856 as the type species.

A new marine chironomid species of the genus Tanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Okinawa, Japan

A new marine species of chironomid genus Tanytarsus van der Wulp, 1893, collected from the Iriomote Island (Okinawa Pref., Japan) is described and figured on the basis of adult male morphology. This species is closely related to T. maginihamatus Tokunaga, 1933 in the structure of hypopygium, but is easily distinguishable from the latter in having well developed anal point, large egg-shaped superior volsella and apically twisted median volsella.

NOTES ON CRANE FLY SPECIES OF PRIONOTA VAN DER WULP FROM CHINA (DIPTERA: TIPULIDAE)

ABSTRACT Chinese species of the crane fly genus Prionota van der Wulp, 1885, are reviewed. Prionota (Plocimas) guangdongensis, new species, is described based on males from southern China. The other previously known Chinese species, Prionota (Plocimas) magnifica (Enderlein, 1921), is re-described and a range extension noted. The new species is closely related to P. magnifica, but distinguished by configuration of the male genitalia. A key to males of the species of Prionota in China is provided.

ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non–ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction

ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non–ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Environmental Factors Associated with Spatial and Temporal Distribution of <I>Anopheles</I> (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae in Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia

A 12-mo ecological study of the spatial-temporal distribution of immature stages of Anopheles species was conducted in Sukabumi District, West Java, Indonesia. The study characterized 1,600 sites from a contiguous coastal and hill zone (0-800-m elevation) of which 64% contained Anopheles larvae. Principal component and multiple logistic regression analyses identified ecological parameters associated with presence of nine [Anopheles aconitus Doenitz, Anopheles annularis Van de Wulp, Anopheles barbirostris Van der Wulp, Anopheles flavirostris (Ludlow), Anopheles insulaeflorum (Swellengrebel and Swellengrebel de Graaf), Anopheles kochi Doenitz, Anopheles maculatus Theobald, Anopheles sundaicus (Rodenwaldt), and Anopheles vagus Doenitz] of 15 Anopheles species collected. Combined data for all nine species showed increased Anopheles presence associated with wet season periods and higher elevation habitats exhibiting reduced tree canopy coverage, higher water temperatures, and shallower water depths. Habitat variables measured included topography (elevation), water conditions (temperature, pH, salinity depth, and velocity), habitat characteristics (substrate and canopy cover), density and type of aquatic vegetation coverage (riparian, floating, and emergent), and distance from nearest human habitation. Significant relationships were found for nine species when using all habitats in the analysis. Habitat characteristics for three species were refined. An. aconitus and An. barbirostris were associated with higher elevation rice, Oryza savita L., paddies with relatively shallow water depths, higher water temperatures, higher acidity and salinity concentrations, and a greater average distance from human habitation. An. vagus presence in rice paddies was associated with lower elevation fields, deeper and cooler water, less acidic and saline conditions, and habitats closer to human dwellings. Overall, the distribution of Anopheles species in Sukabumi was found to be nonrandom and predictable on the basis of habitat characteristics.

Environmental Factors Associated with Spatial and Temporal Distribution ofAnopheles(Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae in Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia

A 12-mo ecological study of the spatial-temporal distribution of immature stages of Anopheles species was conducted in Sukabumi District, West Java, Indonesia. The study characterized 1,600 sites from a contiguous coastal and hill zone (0–800-m elevation) of which 64% contained Anopheles larvae. Principal component and multiple logistic regression analyses identified ecological parameters associated with presence of nine [Anopheles aconitus Doenitz, Anopheles annularis Van de Wulp, Anopheles barbirostris Van der Wulp, Anopheles flavirostris (Ludlow), Anopheles insulaeflorum (Swellengrebel and Swellengrebel de Graaf), Anopheles kochi Doenitz, Anopheles maculatus Theobald, Anopheles sundaicus (Rodenwaldt), and Anopheles vagus Doenitz] of 15 Anopheles species collected. Combined data for all nine species showed increased Anopheles presence associated with wet season periods and higher elevation habitats exhibiting reduced tree canopy coverage, higher water temperatures, and shallower water depths. Habitat variables measured included topography (elevation), water conditions (temperature, pH, salinity depth, and velocity), habitat characteristics (substrate and canopy cover), density and type of aquatic vegetation coverage (riparian, floating, and emergent), and distance from nearest human habitation. Significant relationships were found for nine species when using all habitats in the analysis. Habitat characteristics for three species were refined. An. aconitus and An. barbirostris were associated with higher elevation rice, Oryza savita L., paddies with relatively shallow water depths, higher water temperatures, higher acidity and salinity concentrations, and a greater average distance from human habitation. An. vagus presence in rice paddies was associated with lower elevation fields, deeper and cooler water, less acidic and saline conditions, and habitats closer to human dwellings. Overall, the distribution of Anopheles species in Sukabumi was found to be nonrandom and predictable on the basis of habitat characteristics.

Molecular identification of mosquito species in the Anopheles annularis group in southern Asia

The Anopheles annularis group of subgenus Cellia Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae) includes five currently recognized species in southern Asia: An. annularis Van der Wulp, Anopheles nivipes (Theobald) and Anopheles philippinensis Ludlow, which are widespread in the region, Anopheles pallidus Theobald, which is known in Sri Lanka, India and Myanmar, and Anopheles schueffneri Stanton, which occurs in Java and Sumatra. Identification of the four mainland species based on morphology is problematic. In view of the fact that the three widespread species are variously involved in malaria transmission in different parts of the region, we developed a species-specific polymerase chain reaction assay based on rDNA internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequences to facilitate entomological and epidemiological studies of the four species. The method proved to be reliable when tested over a wide geographical area.

Identification of two cryptic species in the Anopheles (Cellia) annularis complex using ribosomal DNA PCR-RFLP

Anopheles (Cellia) annularis Van der Wulp is a complex of two sibling species provisionally designated as species A and B and can only be differentiated on the basis of the paracentric inversion in the ovarian polytene chromosomes. To analyze the distribution of these two species and to develop a molecular method for the identification of these two cryptic species, we sequenced the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and domain 3 (D3) of A. annularis specimens collected from Sonapur (Assam), Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh), Ranchi (Jharkhand), and Ghaziabad (Uttar Pradesh). We did not find any sequence variation among the specimens collected from Assam, Madhya Pradesh, and Jharkhand states, whereas two types of sequences were obtained from the specimens collected from the state of Uttar Pradesh, which correspond to species A and B of the A. annularis complex. Species A was more prevalent among the all four regions studied. The ITS2 sequence of species A showed unique restriction sites for MvaI and Eco24I, while species B displayed HinfI and NruI sites. Similarly, the D3 sequence of species A showed unique restriction site for Alw26I, while species B showed a unique KpnI site. In this study, we report for the first time the development of ribosomal DNA polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods for identifying these two cryptic species of the Annularis complex.

The Calliphoridae of Namibia (Diptera: Oestroidea)

The Namibian Calliphoridae fauna is reviewed. Seventy-five nominate species are recorded from the country, based on 7100 specimens housed in the Namibian National Insect Collection. Identification keys to all taxa are provided, together with notes on biology and new biological observations. An annotated checklist of Namibian species is presented, detailing previously published and other known Namibian records, and distributions elsewhere in Africa. Provisional distribution maps are plotted and discussed. Seasonal data, based on specimen label information, are presented in tabular form. The known immature stages of species are reviewed, together with notes on the forensic significance of relevant species. Two new species of the genus Hemigymnochaeta Corti and one new species of Isomyia Walker are described and illustrated, namely: Hemigymnochaeta maraisi Kurahashi and Kirk-Spriggs, sp. nov., Hemigymnochaeta trichaeta Kurahashi and Kirk-Spriggs, sp. nov., and Isomyia hauwangai Kurahashi and Kirk-Spriggs, sp. nov. Rhyncomya zumpti Peris, 1952 stat. rev., formerly synonymised with R. tristis Séguy, 1933, is here reinstated as a valid species. Thirty-four species are new to the Namibian list, namely: Bengalia spinifemorata Villeneuve, Chrysomya ?laxifrons Villeneuve, C. putoria (Wiedemann), Cosmina fuscipennis Robineau-Desvoidy, C. undulata Malloch, Fainia albitarsis (Macquart), Hemigymnochaeta bequaerti Curran, H. laticeps Zumpt, Isomyia darwini (Curran), I. deserti (Karsch), I. natalensis (Villeneuve), I. tristis (Bigot), Neocordylobia roubaudi Villeneuve, Perisiella anchora (Wiedemann), Phumosia nanoides Zumpt, Pseudorhyncomyia braunsi (Villeneuve), Rhyncomya bicolor (Macquart), R. cassotis (Walker), R. discrepans Villeneuve, R. hessei Zumpt, R. messoria Villeneuve, R. minutalis Villeneuve, R. io Peris, R. peraequa Villeneuve, R. soyauxi Karsch, R. trispina Villeneuve, R. tristis Séguy, R. zumpti Peris, Stegosoma vinculatum Loew, Stomorhina chapini Curran, S. rugosa (Bigot), Tricyclea claripennis Séguy, T. flavida (Malloch), and T. martini (Zumpt). Records of species from other southern African countries, based on 190 specimens housed in the Namibian National Insect Collection, are provided as an Appendix. Cosmina gracilis Curran and Rhyncomya dasyops Bezzi are new to Angola; Auchmeromyia bequaerti Roubaud and Bengalia cuthbertsoni Zumpt are new to Botswana; B. floccosa (van der Wulp), B. peuhi (Brauer and Bergenstamm) and Hemigymnochaeta unicolor (Bigot) are new to Zambia; and Cosmina gracilis Curran and Tricyclea martini (Zumpt) are new to Zimbabwe.

UNUSUAL SENSILLA ON THE ANTENNAE OF FEMALE ANOPHELES BARBIROSTRIS

The 1st scanning electron microscopic study of the antennae of female Anopheles barbirostris van der Wulp revealed the presence of a sunken patch of 7-10 sensilla in well-developed sockets borne in an unusual location. Such sensilla have not been reported in any species of Anopheles, Culex, or Aedes. The position and arrangement of these sensilla are reported in this communication.

A new subgenus and new species of Orthocladius van der Wulp, with a phylogenetic evaluation of the validity of the subgenera of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae)

A new subgenus, Mesorthocladius, of the genus Orthocladius v. d. Wulp is erected and diagnoses are provided for all stages and both sexes. Orthocladius (Mesorthocladius) lamellatus sp. n. and O. (Mesorthocladius) nimidens sp. n. are described in both sexes and all stages. Orthocladius (Euorthocladius) annellae sp. n. is described in both sexes and the pupa. The females of O. (Euorthocladius) rivicola Kieffer, O. (Eurthocladius) ashei Soponis, and O. (Orthocladius) dentifer Brundin are described for the first time. The larva of O. (Orthocladius) nitidoscutellatus Lundström (syn. Orthocladius trigonolabis Edwards) is described for the first time. A parsimony analysis of all species of Orthocladius with known pupae and male imagines is performed. The subgenera Eudactylocladius Thienemann and Euorthocladius Thienemann are always monophyletic, while Symposiocladius Cranston is paraphyletic before successive reweighting, but monophyletic after; Mesorthocladius is monophyletic before reweighting, but paraphyletic after; and Orthocladius s. str. is polyphyletic before reweighting and monophyletic after. Keys to subgenera for both sexes and all stages are given.

On selected family-group names in Chironomidae (Insecta, Diptera), and related nomenclature

The most relevant scientific names of subfamilies, tribes, and subtribes with extant members in Chironomidae are tabulated and discussed. Nomenclature is unified and stabilized, resulting in the following changed spellings or data. Family-group names: Boreoheptagyiini Brundin, 1966; Chironomidae Newman, 1834; Diamesinae Kieffer, 1922; Harrisonini Brundin, 1966; Heptagyiini Brundin, 1966; Macropelopiini ZavÍel, 1929; Pentaneurini Hennig, 1950; Podonominae Thienemann & Edwards in Thienemann, 1937; Protanypodini Brundin, 1956; Tanytarsini ZavÍel, 1917. Genus-group name: Zavrelia Kieffer, Thienemann & Bause in Bause, 1913. Species-group names: Lasiodiamesa serpentina Edwards & Thienemann in Thienemann, 1937; Zavrelia pentatoma Kieffer & Bause in Bause, 1913. Applications for rulings by the ICZN will be submitted to try to A) conserve Coelotanypodini Fittkau, 1962 in place of a senior synonym; B) fix the type species of Orthocladius van der Wulp, and conserve Orthocladiinae Kieffer, 1911 in place of two senior synonyms; C) fix the type species of Tanypus Meigen, and render Tanypodinae available from Kieffer (1906) rather than from Skuse (1889; type genus misidentified); and D) conserve Zavreliina Sæther, 1977 in place of a senior synonym.

Introduction to the Special Section

Self-regulation of behavior is a topic that has drawn a lot of attention in the last 20 years. Although researchers agree that self-regulation is related to action control (Kuhl, 1985), there is a lot of discussion on the exact nature of the self-regulation process and the mechanism underlying it. The consensus is that self-regulation aims at securing goaldirected action and involves processes related to goal setting that are in accordance with one’s self (Carver & Scheier, 1998; Kuhl & Fuhrmann, 1998), as well as processes related to the enactment and successful completion of the goal-directed action. Motivational, cognitive, metacognitive, affective, and volitional processes contribute to the formation and completion of goal-directed action, but still we do not fully understand how all these processes interact to produce the self-regulation of goal-directed action and behavior, in general. Increasingly we realize that there is self-regulation of the processes involved in the self-regulation of behavior – that is, self-regulation of motivation, of affect, or of cognition, as well as self-control processes, all orchestrated toward securing goal-directed action. Other issues that are drawing the attention of contemporary research on self-regulation include: (1) The level at which selfregulation processes operate: Are they conscious or nonconscious? (2) The individual and social nature of the processes involved in the self-regulation of behavior. (3) The forms regulation of behavior may take. There is selfand other-regulation but also co-regulation of behavior, that is, joint or shared regulation by interacting partners. (4) The role of context and situational factors in selfregulation as well as their interaction with individual difference factors. The articles of this special section of European Psychologist address many of the above mentioned issues and offer insight into the processes involved in selfregulation of behavior in various contexts, such as academic, health, or societal. A common theme that all contributors of this special section share is the role of affect in self-regulation. Thus, Sansone and Thoman stress the importance of monitoring and control of motivation and, particularly, of the experience of interest. The experience of interest is the phenomenal experience – what people feel when engaged in an activity (Sansone & Harackiewicz, 1996) – that has an affective and informational character. The authors suggest that people use both interand intrapersonal strategies to enhance their interest and, thus, ensure the goal-striving process. The implications of the self-regulation of interest are far reaching, and can be identified in academic settings, in close relationships, and in psychiatric disorders. Gendolla and Brinkmann discuss the role of mood in self-regulation based on the mood-behavior model (Gendolla, 2000). They propose that moods, through their affective character and informational function, are central in the constitution of action preferences, as well as in the mobilization of resources in action. Their research is focused on effort and shows how mood can impact the intensity of effort invested in instrumental behavior and the persistence of action. Their consideration of the physiological mechanism of effort suggests that selfregulation of behavior may have implications for the person’s health condition as well. Salonen, Vauras, and Efklides deal with affect from another perspective. They focus on coregulation of behavior in learning situations (Iiskala, Vauras, & Lehtinen, 2004) and stress the importance of interpersonal perception based on interacting partners’ metacognitive experiences (Efklides, 2001). The affective and informational character of metacognitive experiences has an impact on the person’s self-regulation of cognition as well as on the feedback and the regulatory behavior of the interacting partner. However, in social interaction there can also exist positive or negative affect that results from interpersonal relation processes. This kind of affect may have an impact on the communication mode used and the enhancement (or lack thereof) of metacognitive regulation of learning. Thus, perception of the interacting partner’s affect may facilitate coregulation of the learning process or may lead to increasing negativity between partners, which undermines learning. Jostman, Koole, van der Wulp, and Fockenberg focus on self-regulation of affect; they suggest that it can be a

TANYTARSUS (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) FROM EGYPT WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES

Three species of the genus Tanytarsus van der Wulp were captured during a survey of chironomid midges (Diptera: Chironomidae), conducted from September 1997 to October 1999, of all major geographical zones in Egypt. Tanytarsus spadiceonotatus Freeman is recorded from Egypt for the first time, whereas T. itsae sp. nov. is described for the first time from male imagines. Tanytarsus nocticola Kieffer, which had been recorded by Kieffer from Egypt (Aswan) in 1911 (Freeman 1958), was not found at the sampled localities. A key to the male imagines of Tanytarsus in Egypt is presented. New distributional data for the three collected species are provided.

Two remarkable new species related to Anastrepha tripunctata (Diptera: Tephritidae) with a discussion of the affinities of the cryptostrepha group

AbstractTwo new species belonging to the genus Anastrepha, A. mayasp. nov. and A. relictasp. nov., are described. These species are noteworthy because they are closely related to A. tripunctata van der Wulp, an endemic Mexican species currently classified in the cryptostrepha species group, which may be the basal lineage of the genus. These new species come from several tropical Mexican localities and share several taxonomic characters found only in A. tripunctata. The eight known species of the cryptostrepha group are keyed, and a discussion of the phylogenetic relationships between this group and other species groups of Anastrepha is presented.

DNA fingerprinting of tabanids (Diptera: Tabanidae) and their respective egg masses using PCR – restriction fragment profiling

AbstractPolymerase chain reaction and subsequent restriction fragment profiling analysis were used to associate collected tabanid egg masses with their respective species of adult horse flies and deer flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) in Manitoba, Canada. The ribosomal DNA (rDNA) intergenic spacer between the 28S and 18S ribosomal RNA genes was used successfully to differentiate 34 species of adult tabanids representing five genera: Atylotus (1 sp.), Chrysops (10 spp.), Haematopota (1 sp.), Hybomitra (17 spp.), and Tabanus (5 spp.). rDNA was a suitable molecular target for identifying tabanid species because of the high level of interspecific variation when comparing fragment profiles among different species, and the corresponding minimal intraspecific variation among individuals of the same species. Restriction fragment profiles from 56 field-collected tabanid egg masses were compared with those previously obtained from adults of known species. Egg masses of five species were identified: Hybomitra lasiophthalma (Macquart), Hybomitra nitidifrons nuda (McDunnough), Chrysops aestuans van der Wulp, Chrysops excitans Walker, and Chrysops mitis Osten Sacken. We also provide physical descriptions of these tabanid egg masses along with pictures.

Tanytarsus rhabdomantis: New combination for Nimbocera rhabdomantis Trivinho-Strixino & Strixino, 1991 (Diptera: Chironomidae)

Nimbocera rhabdomantis Trivinho-Strixino & Strixino, 1991 is transferred to the genus Tanytarsus van der Wulp, 1874, and the adult male and pupa of T. rhabdomantis comb. nov. are described as new to science. Diagnoses for larva, pupa and adult male of T. rhabdomantis comb. nov. are given, and the characters used to identify the immature stages of Nimbocera Reiss, 1972, are briefly discussed.

A review of the Oriental genus Phycus Walker (Diptera: Therevidae) with descriptions of new species

Seven Oriental species of Phycus Walker are recognized. Two species groups: the atripes species-group and the brunneus species-group are established. The atripes species-group seems paraphyletic and contains five rarely collected species: Phycus angustifrons, sp. nov. (Thailand), Ph. atripes Brunetti, 1920 (Nepal, NE India, and SW China), Ph. hauseri, sp. nov. (Sri Lanka), Ph. minutus, sp. nov. (Sri Lanka), and Ph. borneoensis, sp. nov. (Sabah). The brunneus species-group contains two Oriental species: Phycus brunneus (Wiedemann, 1824), and Ph. freidbergi, sp. nov. (India: Orissa). Two additional Afrotropical species should also be arranged in this species-group, which is characterized by the elongate scape and the pleural pruinosity, and certainly represents a monophyletic group. Phycus brunneus is represented by three subspecies in the region: Phycus brunneus brunneus (Wiedemann, 1824), = Phycus nitidus van der Wulp, 1897, syn. nov. (India and Sri Lanka), Phycus brunneus obscuripes Kröber, 1912, stat nov., = Phycus brunnipes Brunetti, 1912, syn. nov. (Burma, Thailand, Laos, Malaysia, and Vietnam), and Phycus brunneus kerteszi Kröber, 1912, stat nov. (Taiwan, the Philippines). Phylogenetic implications with regard to character states of holoptism v. dichoptism, frontal pattern, and extension of the ambient vein of the wing are discussed.