Van Den Broek Research Articles

Vitamin A supplementation—maternal and neonatal survival

The health responses to antenatal vitamin A supplementation evaluated in randomized intervention trials were recently systematically reviewed by van den Broek and colleagues. The importance of this update is reflected in the persistence of vitamin A deficiency during pregnancy and its potential to affect maternal and infant health and survival in many low-income countries.

Peripheral vascular access devices: care and maintenance

Peripheral vascular access devices: care and maintenance

Learning to Read, Reading to Learn

![Figure][1] CREDIT: ALEXEY CHUVARKOV/GETTY IMAGES How often have you had your eyes pass over a text, only to realize some time later that you absorbed nothing of it? Or spent an hour listening at a seminar, only to walk away unclear about what the most important advance was? Is this entirely your fault, or is the design of the text or the seminar partly to blame? In this special issue, we have collected a variety of articles that focus on literacy in science. The term represents two angles of the problem: knowing what science has discovered and being able to communicate in the language of science. And the value is twofold, as well: Good literacy skills make it easier to learn science, but science topics can also be used to teach literacy skills that will translate well to other subjects. As Snow points out (p. [450][2]), the language used in science is different from the language used in everyday conversation. The focus on details, the exclusion of ambiguous interpretations, and the complexity of the vocabulary all present the reader with challenges different from those found in fictional texts. But as van den Broek discusses (p. [453][3]), strategies taken by the writer or speaker can help the novice through the language barrier. Webb (p. [448][4]) discusses the kinds of supports that are helpful when the language of school is not the native language of the students. Krajcik and Sutherland (p. [456][5]) analyze how scientific texts are best used in a classroom setting and how to design curricula that support life-long science literacy skills. Taking the view that not all literacy is about writing, Osborne (p. [463][6]) discusses how argumentation skills are critical for understanding why some ideas are wrong and others right. Pearson and colleagues (p. [459][7]) describe the integration of literacy and science training through professional development for teachers, innovative curricula, and enhanced classroom materials. And research reported by Taylor et al. (p. [512][8]) analyzes how both genetics and the teachers available affect a child's literacy skills. In the Education Forum, Schleicher (p. [433][9]) discusses how literacy skills required for participation in increasingly sophisticated societies have evolved and how meaningful international assessments can be conducted. In the 20 and 27 April issues, Science Signaling presents a set of Teaching Resources by Thatcher, each of which is a pair of short animations of a canonical signaling pathway; student-authored Journal Clubs cover topics ranging from signaling in cells of the immune system to signaling in plants. Science is about generating and interpreting data. But it is also about communicating facts, ideas, and hypotheses. Scientists write, speak, debate, visualize, listen, and read about their specialties daily. For students unfamiliar with the language or style of science, the deceptively simple act of communication can be a barrier to understanding or becoming involved with the science. [1]: pending:yes [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1182597 [3]: /lookup/volpage/328/453?iss=5977 [4]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1182596 [5]: /lookup/volpage/328/456?iss=5977 [6]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1183944 [7]: /lookup/volpage/328/459?iss=5977 [8]: /lookup/volpage/328/512?iss=5977 [9]: /lookup/volpage/328/433?iss=5977

Direct Endoscopic Visual Assessment of a Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation and Performance in the PhysioHeart, an Isolated Working Heart Platform

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is an increasingly considered option to treat aortic stenosis in patients with a high operative risk. Valve placement during the procedure is typically guided by angiography and/or echocardiography, whereas these techniques are also used to judge valvular function. More detailed postprocedure visualization may be obtained with 3-dimensional echocardiography or magnetic resonance imaging. These imaging methods appear to be adequate for clinical assessment of TAVI, but direct optical visualization with high temporal and spatial resolution would be advantageous to study the details of this new procedure. The working heart model as described by Chinchoy et al1 enables direct intracardiac endoscopy,2 which provides unique insights into the form, function, and physiology of the heart. We applied this approach to study the placement and performance …

Skin diseases

Veterinary RecordVolume 166, Issue 13 p. 404-404 Book Skin diseases A. van den Broek, A. van den BroekSearch for more papers by this author A. van den Broek, A. van den BroekSearch for more papers by this author First published: 27 March 2010 https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.c1473Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume166, Issue13March 2010Pages 404-404 RelatedInformation

The molecular basis of the failed immune response in chronic HBV: Therapeutic implications

There is a pressing need to develop new immunotherapeutic interventions in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in order to limit the high costs and risks of toxicity or viral resistance associated with maintenance antiviral treatment. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of the molecular defects underlying the profound T cell depletion characteristic of these patients. We propose that T cells are driven to apoptosis by the combination of a persistent, high antigen load and excessive inhibitory signals encountered in the hepatic microenvironment. The feasibility of boosting sustained antiviral control by targeted reversal of key tolerising mechanisms is discussed.

Next of Kin

Next of Kin Gerard J. van den Broek (bio) Mothers and Others: The Evolutionary Origins of Mutual Understanding, Sarah Blaffer Hrdy. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press: http://www.hup.harvard.edu. 422 pages; cloth, $29.95. North American and European family values have become virtually dominant throughout the world. The ordinary modern family consists of a heterosexual couple with two or three children, preferably of both sexes. According to conventional—and these days politically correct even—wisdom, only under these circumstances can children grow into mentally healthy persons, because they grow up in a stable and loving environment, in which the parents cater to all the needs children have until they leave home and start their own families. Society and the church, even science and politics have advocated Christian values for centuries, in which the family was and still is seen as the cornerstone of society. Sarah Blaffer Hrdy tries to demonstrate that there are other family structures in which equally warm and compassionate surroundings may be realized. In doing so, she applies "modern" evolutionary theory. In this way, she is able to demonstrate that sharing—food, care—is not restricted just to humans, but can be found among many other species as well, and even creatures with small brain sizes may show something like emotional care and protection of their young. At the same time, Hrdy tries to make plausible—and it might be said that she succeeds—that love and understanding are not exclusively restricted to the mother/child relationship, but that there are definitely other individuals—so-called alloparents—who take care of the young within the social group. Hrdy claims that human mutual understanding began with emotion. Is that not exactly what Jean-Jacques Rousseau claimed when he spoke of cris de la nature and cris de la passion? Even a quick survey of the Human Relations Area Files (HRAF) shows that there are so many more ways to raise a family and to construct a kinship system than just the one preferred by our society. And fortunately Hrdy indeed treats the difference between the nuclear and the extended family. However, like many other authors, Hrdy is not very clear about the concept of the "extended family." She claims that even in our society the extended family can be found frequently as a form of family organization, but this definitely does not make it a typical trait of our culture. Surely, there are many households that comprise more than two spouses and their children, but that does not make the extended family the culturally preferred or dominant one. Until the early twentieth century, many households, even in urban settings, consisted of more people than just two parents and their children. It was not uncommon at all to take care of your aging parents, or an elderly unmarried uncle or aunt even. It is a logical consequence of this type of households, of course, that more actors than the biological parents are bringing up the children. As early as 1945 (and therefore well before the breakthrough of his Les structures élémentaire de la parenté [The Elementary Structure of Kinship] in 1949), the French anthropologist and philosopher Claude Lévi-Strauss wrote an influential article against the famous English anthropologist Alfred Radcliffe-Brown and the majority of his fellow ethnologists, in which he demonstrated that the structure of kinship (parenté) could never be constructed on the basis of the biological family, consisting of a father, a mother, and their children, but that it always implies a relationship based on alliance. The atom of kinship, according to Lévi-Strauss, is the quadrangular system of relationships between brother and sister, father and son, husband and wife, and between maternal uncle and nephew. This is the simplest conceivable structure that anthropologists sometimes even observe in reality. In many systems, the relationship between two individuals is expressed by not just one but various attitudes. Among the Lambumbu in Malekula (Vanuatu/New Hebrides), for instance, there is a very special relationship between brother and sister and between husband and wife. The first is characterized by a particularly reserved attitude towards each other up to the point that brother and...

SOCS3 Deletion Promotes Optic Nerve Regeneration In Vivo

Axon regeneration failure accounts for permanent functional deficits following CNS injury in adult mammals. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In analyzing axon regeneration in different mutant mouse lines, we discovered that deletion of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) in adult retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) promotes robust regeneration of injured optic nerve axons. This regeneration-promoting effect is efficiently blocked in SOCS3-gp130 double-knockout mice, suggesting that SOCS3 deletion promotes axon regeneration via a gp130-dependent pathway. Consistently, a transient upregulation of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) was observed within the retina following optic nerve injury. Intravitreal application of CNTF further enhances axon regeneration from SOCS3-deleted RGCs. Together, our results suggest that compromised responsiveness to injury-induced growth factors in mature neurons contributes significantly to regeneration failure. Thus, developing strategies to modulate negative signaling regulators may be an efficient strategy of promoting axon regeneration after CNS injury.

Coping With My Partner’s ICD and Cardiac Disease

The Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) is an implantable biomedical device that monitors and treats abnormal heartbeats when they occur. The device is attached to the heart with 1 to 3 leads that carry information from the heart to the ICD, allowing it to record heart function, selectively provide pacing if the heart beats too fast or too slowly, and/or administer high-energy shocks if more serious heart rhythms are detected. The primary purpose of the ICD is to prevent premature sudden cardiac death. However, the device can also provide a sense of security, which allows resumption of normal life activities. Current research has suggested that psychological distress can occur in ICD patients and their partners. Anxiety may be more prevalent in ICD partners than in ICD patients.1 ICD partners are particularly worried about ICD shocks, even more so than the patients themselves.2 This Patient Page describes common challenges associated with the psychological adjustment of ICD partners and offers possible strategies to consider in managing these difficulties. A summary is provided in the Table. View this table: Table. Summary of Suggested Strategies for the Partners of Patients With ICDs Once the ICD has been implanted, lifestyle adjustments can be made that promote health and well-being. However, such adjustments may take time and a bit of work; most people take about 3 months to adjust to such major life changes. A patient’s adjustment often mirrors the partner’s adjustment, so effective coping can improve both of your lives. ### Patient Acceptance Patient acceptance refers to how well an individual adapts to the ICD and accepts its pros and cons. Patients and partners may differ on how well they accept the device. The hope for ICD patients is that they reengage with the confidence of having “an emergency room in the chest”; yet some patients experience difficulty and …

Hypercholesterolemic Mice Exhibit Lymphatic Vessel Dysfunction and Degeneration

Lymphatic vessels are essential for lipid absorption and transport. Despite increasing numbers of observations linking lymphatic vessels and lipids, little research has been devoted to address how dysregulation of lipid balance in the blood, ie, dyslipidemia, may affect the functional biology of lymphatic vessels. Here, we show that hypercholesterolemia occurring in apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice is associated with tissue swelling, lymphatic leakiness, and decreased lymphatic transport of fluid and dendritic cells from tissue. Lymphatic dysfunction results in part from profound structural abnormalities in the lymphatic vasculature: namely, initial lymphatic vessels were greatly enlarged, and collecting vessels developed notably decreased smooth muscle cell coverage and changes in the distribution of lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronic acid receptor-1 (LYVE-1). Our results provide evidence that hypercholesterolemia in adult apoE(-/-) mice is associated with a degeneration of lymphatic vessels that leads to decreased lymphatic drainage and provides an explanation for why dendritic cell migration and, thus, immune priming, are compromised in hypercholesterolemic mice.

Psychological Intervention Poststroke

See related article, pages 3073–3078. Stroke is distressing and frequently affects mood and behavior.1 The negative impact of mood and adjustment disorders on physical recovery and reintegration is recognized2–4 and makes it even more imperative that early effective interventions are established. However, there has been a failure to respond to this distress at an early stage after stroke, perhaps due to staff viewing distress as an inevitable psychological reaction to a debilitating event or due to a lack of clear guidance around prevention and treatment of mood problems. Later on in the recovery process when this distress has become established as a mood disorder, there has been a failure to react, and care remains suboptimal. The lack of robust evidence to guide treatment is a major contributing factor. Thus far, the results of antidepressant studies in those with established depression have been disappointing with short-term gains not being …

Providing effective evidence-based catheter management

Around a quarter of people admitted to hospital are catheterized at some point, however, urinary catheterization can have catastrophic effects on the bladder and a persons ability to regain continence in the future (Patel and Arya, 2001). Although most urinary catheters are used for a short-term period, bladder drainage complications, such as pain or bypassing, can occur (Niël-Weise and van den Broek, 2005). Sometimes, when these problems develop, or if the catheter is expelled, nurses react by changing the catheter, even though this is not necessarily the most appropriate solution. In fact, catheter-related problems provide nurses with the opportunity to evaluate the clinical indications for continued catheterization and to remove catheters that are not clinically indicated. When catheters are clinically indicated, nurses who use an evidence-based approach to diagnose and treat problems provide more effective care and reduce the risk of patient discomfort and recurrent problems.

The First European Course of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology in Trieste in October 1978

Thirty years ago, Prof. Renato Fior, head of the Department of Otorhinolaryngology in the Istituto Per L’Infanzia at Trieste/Italy, our multilingual host, had the idea to organize a European Course of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. Ideal for the motivation of a working group we were hosted in ‘‘Hotel Europa’’ in Marina di Aurisina embedded in a beautiful nature and far away from the busy town of Trieste. In personal letters, Renato Fior had invited several speakers in Europe, most of whom had attended the 1 World Congress of Pediatric Otolaryngology at S. Felice del Benaco and at Sirmione/ Lago di Garda in Italia, April 26–May 1 1977 (Fig. 1). The active 27 participants of the course came from 13 countries (alphabetically): Austria (G. Zechner), France (J. Paquelin), Federal Republic Germany (Ch. Betow, W. Pirsig), German Democratic Republic (K. Dietzel, B. Preibisch-Effenberger), Hungary (L. Surjan), Italy (M. Arslan, E. Arslan, A. Bosatra, S. Conticello, S. Crifo, D. Del Prete, R. Fior, C. Gatti Manacini, G. Pestalozza, V. Pinelli), The Netherlands (P. Van den Broek), Poland (E. Kossowska), Serbia (D. Cvetkovic, Z. Pjanovic), Sweden (S. Ingelstedt, K. Lundgren), Switzerland (B. Kellerhals, W. Strupler), United Kingdom (R. Pracy), and U.S.A. (R. Cotton). It was, of course, striking that 10 out of 27 participants were Italian colleagues. But apart from Poland where the first Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology was opened by Jan Danielewicz in Warsaw in 1947, Italy had the second longest tradition of practising Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology in Europe. In 1978, nine Italian departments of ORLwere parts of large Hospitals for Children: in Alessandria, Ancona, Bari, Brescia, Genova, Milan, Naples, Rome, and Trieste.

Dermatology: The skin, nutritional deficiencies and supplements in dogs and cats: Part 2

Companion AnimalVolume 14, Issue 1 p. 50-54 Dermatology: The skin, nutritional deficiencies and supplements in dogs and cats: Part 2 A. van den Broek BVSc DVR PhD FRCVS, A. van den Broek BVSc DVR PhD FRCVS Senior Lecturer in Veterinary Dermatology UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH, HOSPITAL FOR SMALL ANIMALS, EASTER BUSH VETERINARY CENTRE, EASTER BUSH, ROSLIN, MIDLOTHIAN. EH25 9RGSearch for more papers by this authorC. Horvath-Ungerboeck DrVetMed MRCVS, C. Horvath-Ungerboeck DrVetMed MRCVS Senior Clinical Scholar in Veterinary Dermatology UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH, HOSPITAL FOR SMALL ANIMALS, EASTER BUSH VETERINARY CENTRE, EASTER BUSH, ROSLIN, MIDLOTHIAN. EH25 9RGSearch for more papers by this author A. van den Broek BVSc DVR PhD FRCVS, A. van den Broek BVSc DVR PhD FRCVS Senior Lecturer in Veterinary Dermatology UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH, HOSPITAL FOR SMALL ANIMALS, EASTER BUSH VETERINARY CENTRE, EASTER BUSH, ROSLIN, MIDLOTHIAN. EH25 9RGSearch for more papers by this authorC. Horvath-Ungerboeck DrVetMed MRCVS, C. Horvath-Ungerboeck DrVetMed MRCVS Senior Clinical Scholar in Veterinary Dermatology UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH, HOSPITAL FOR SMALL ANIMALS, EASTER BUSH VETERINARY CENTRE, EASTER BUSH, ROSLIN, MIDLOTHIAN. EH25 9RGSearch for more papers by this author First published: 30 September 2010 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-3862.2009.tb00554.xAboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume14, Issue1January 2009Pages 50-54 RelatedInformation

Tomographic spectroscopic imaging; an experimental proof of concept

Recording the electron energy loss spectroscopy data cube with a series of energy filtered images is a dose inefficient process because the energy slit blocks most of the electrons. When recording the data cube by scanning an electron probe over the sample, perfect dose efficiency is attained; but due to the low current in nanoprobes, this often is slower, with a smaller field of view. In W. Van den Broek et al. [Ultramicroscopy, 106 (2006) 269], we proposed a new method to record the data cube, which is more dose efficient than an energy filtered series. It produces a set of projections of the data cube and then tomographically reconstructs it. In this article, we demonstrate these projections in practice, we present a simple geometrical model that allows for quantification of the projection angles and we present the first successful experimental reconstruction, all on a standard post-column instrument.

The Detection of Flat and Depressed Colorectal Lesions: Which Endoscopic Imaging Approach?

The secondary prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC) assumes that early detection and resection of precursor lesions disrupts the adenoma– carcinoma sequence and halts progression to invasive neoplastic disease. The adenoma– carcinoma sequence has until now formed the rationale for endoscopic therapies directed at reducing the incidence of CRC. The fact that snare polypectomy of exophytic lesions fails to prevent progression to carcinoma in up to 24% of cases has prompted reevaluation of the prevalence and clinicopathologic significance of flat and depressed colorectal lesions in Western population cohorts. Such lesions, although well-described in the Japanese literature, have only recently been reported in Western population cohorts. Debate has continued regarding their prevalence, anatomic localization, histopathologic characteristics, and proposed imaging modality of choice. Within this perspective, we summarize the key data pertinent to recently described endoscopic diagnostic modalities and detail their clinical applicability both for the detection of flat neoplastic lesions occurring in the “sporadic” patient cohort, familial polyposis syndromes, and chronic ulcerative colitis.

Increased risk of maternal death among ethnic minority women in the UK

The most recent CEMACH report indicates that the UK maternal mortality rate has not fallen in recent years. This was attributed, in part, to increasing numbers of deaths amongst immigrant women. It is likely that newly‐arrived refugees are affected most. Learning objectives: To be able to identify the factors contributing to the increased maternal mortality and morbidity. To review the published evidence for effectiveness of interventions. To identify appropriate research groups and organisations. Ethical issues: There is evidence to suggest that the care given to women from ethnic minority backgrounds, especially asylum seekers and newly‐arrived refugees, is substandard. Please cite this article as: Ameh CA, van den Broek N. Increased risk of maternal death among ethnic minority women in the UK. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2008;10:177–182.

Audit of antibiotic prescribing in two governmental teaching hospitals in Indonesia

This article estimates the magnitude and quality of antibiotic prescribing in Indonesian hospitals and aims to identify demographic, socio-economic, disease-related and healthcare-related determinants of use. An audit on antibiotic use of patients hospitalized for 5 days or more was conducted in two teaching hospitals (A and B) in Java. Data were collected by review of records on the day of discharge. The method was validated through concurrent data collection in Hospital A. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine variables to explain antibiotic prescribing. Prescriptions were assessed by three reviewers using standardized criteria. A high proportion (84%) of 999 patients (499 in Hospital A and 500 in Hospital B) received an antibiotic. Prescriptions could be categorized as therapeutic (53%) or prophylactic (15%), but for 32% the indication was unclear. Aminopenicillins accounted for 54%, and cephalosporins (mostly third generation) for 17%. The average level of antibiotic use amounted to 39 DDD/100 patient-days. Validation revealed that 30% of the volume could be underestimated due to incompleteness of the records. Predictors of antibiotic use were diagnosis of infection, stay in surgical or paediatric departments, low-cost nursing care, and urban residence. Only 21% of prescriptions were considered to be definitely appropriate; 15% were inappropriate regarding choice, dosage or duration, and 42% of prescriptions, many for surgical prophylaxis and fever without diagnosis of infection, were deemed to be unnecessary. Agreement among assessors was low (kappa coefficients 0.13-0.14). Despite methodological limitations, recommendations could be made to address the need for improving diagnosis, treatment and drug delivery processes in this setting.

A Critical Role for Type I IFN–dependent NK Cell Activation in Innate Immune Elimination of Adenoviral Vectors In Vivo

Recombinant adenoviruses have been used widely for gene therapy due to their high transduction efficiency in vivo. However, the attendant innate immune response to adenoviral vectors has limited their applications for in vivo gene therapy. Recent studies have shown that adenoviruses activate the innate immunity through both Toll-like receptor-dependent (TLR-dependent) and TLR-independent pathways, leading to the production of type I interferons (IFNs) and other inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, type I IFNs play a pivotal role in innate immune elimination of adenoviral vectors in vivo. It remains to be defined how type I IFNs regulate innate immune clearance of adenoviral vectors. In this study, we showed in vivo that natural killer (NK) cells were activated and accumulated in the liver upon intravenous administration of adenoviral vectors, leading to the loss of adenoviral genome and the reduction of transgene expression. We further demonstrated that type I IFNs were critical for the activation of NK cells. This was achieved by direct action of type I IFNs on NK cells. Overall, our observations reveal a critical role for type I IFN-dependent NK cell activation in innate immune elimination of adenoviral vectors in vivo and may help design effective strategies to improve the outcome of adenovirus-mediated gene therapy.

GP130-STAT3 Regulates Epithelial Cell Migration and Is Required for Repair of the Bronchiolar Epithelium

Following injury, bronchiolar cells undergo rapid squamous metaplasia, followed by proliferation and re-establishment of the complex columnar epithelium that is characteristic of the normal airway. Mechanisms that regulate the repair of bronchiolar epithelium are of considerable relevance for understanding the pathogenesis of both acute and chronic lung diseases associated with airway remodeling. This study was designed to identify the role of the GP130-STAT3 signaling pathway during repair of the bronchiolar epithelium. STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) and GP130 (glycoprotein 130) were each selectively deleted from the pulmonary epithelial cells of transgenic mice in vivo, producing Stat3(Delta/Delta) and Gp130(Delta/Delta) mice, respectively. Airway injury was induced in adult mice by administration of naphthalene, a toxicant of nonciliated respiratory epithelial cells (Clara cells). Nuclear STAT3 staining was induced in bronchiolar epithelial cells following naphthalene-mediated injury in control (Stat3(flox/flox)) mice. Whereas nearly complete repair of the bronchiolar epithelium was observed in control mice within 13 days, restoration of cell shape, cell density, and the pattern of ciliated and nonciliated cells did not occur in the peripheral bronchioles of either Stat3(Delta/Delta) or Gp130(Delta/Delta) mice. Expression of dominant-negative STAT3 inhibited airway epithelial cell migration during repair in vitro; wild-type STAT3 expression activated such migration. In the present study, we show that GP130-STAT3 signaling functions in a cell-autonomous manner to restore cell shape and numbers required for repair of the bronchiolar epithelium following injury.