Van Den Bosch Research Articles

Understanding the Role of Strain on Electrochemical Reaction Kinetics: Oxygen Evolution on Mechanically Strained Rutile TiO2 As a Model System

Electrocatalysis offers a green alternative (when coupled with renewably-sourced electrons) to conventional carbon-intensive chemical fuel and commodity production processes. Electrochemical device efficiency, however, is limited by the sluggish kinetics of multi-electron transfer reactions, such as the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Theoretical adsorption free energy scaling relationships predict large oxygen evolution overpotentials (>370 mV) for metal oxides performing the adsorbate evolution mechanism, a series of four proton-concerted electron transfer steps.1 Identifying catalyst design strategies that overcome or “break” scaling relations (i.e. strain,2 high entropy alloys,3 non-concerted proton and electron transfer mechanisms4,5) would provide a means to lower kinetic potential energy penalties and enhance the efficiency and economic incentives for further development of renewably-driven electrochemical reactions.Here we investigate the role of mechanically induced strain on the OER activity of polycrystalline rutile TiO2 thin films, grown on the super elastic alloy nitinol (NiTi) and mechanically strained by tensile tester. Our work characterizes how strain manifests in these complex polycrystalline systems with complementary physical characterization techniques (e.g. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy) and relates strain to OER performance in alkaline electrolytes. We contextualize our results within the framework of conventional adsorption scaling relationships to hypothesize how tensile strain influences reaction intermediate adsorption affinities, inferring implications for the OER kinetics of benchmark IrO2 and RuO2 catalysts that share the same crystal structure as the rutile TiO2 considered here.(1) Jaramillo, T. F.; Nørskov, J. K.; Rossmeisl, J. Universality in Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis on Oxide Surfaces. ChemCatChem 2011, 3 (7), 1159–1165. https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201000397.(2) Khorshidi, A.; Violet, J.; Hashemi, J.; Peterson, A. A. How Strain Can Break the Scaling Relations of Catalysis. Nat Catal 2018, 1 (4), 263–268. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-018-0054-0.(3) Kante, M. V.; Weber, M. L.; Ni, S.; van den Bosch, I. C. G.; van der Minne, E.; Heymann, L.; Falling, L. J.; Gauquelin, N.; Tsvetanova, M.; Cunha, D. M.; Koster, G.; Gunkel, F.; Nemšák, S.; Hahn, H.; Velasco Estrada, L.; Baeumer, C. A High-Entropy Oxide as High-Activity Electrocatalyst for Water Oxidation. ACS Nano 2023, 17 (6), 5329–5339. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.2c08096.(4) Grimaud, A.; Diaz-Morales, O.; Han, B.; Hong, W. T.; Lee, Y.-L.; Giordano, L.; Stoerzinger, K. A.; Koper, M. T. M.; Shao-Horn, Y. Activating Lattice Oxygen Redox Reactions in Metal Oxides to Catalyse Oxygen Evolution. Nature Chem 2017, 9 (5), 457–465. https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.2695.(5) Yoo, J. S.; Rong, X.; Liu, Y.; Kolpak, A. M. Role of Lattice Oxygen Participation in Understanding Trends in the Oxygen Evolution Reaction on Perovskites. ACS Catal. 2018, 8 (5), 4628–4636. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.8b00612.

P167 Bimekizumab achieved sustained improvements in efficacy outcomes in patients with axial spondyloarthritis, regardless of prior tumour necrosis factor inhibitor treatment: week 52 pooled results from the phase 3 studies BE MOBILE 1 and BE MOBILE 2

Abstract Background/Aims Bimekizumab (BKZ) is a monoclonal IgG1 antibody that selectively inhibits interleukin (IL)-17F in addition to IL17A. In the phase 3 BE MOBILE 1 and 2 studies, BKZ treatment resulted in rapid and sustained improvements in efficacy outcomes through 52 weeks (wks) in patients with active nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) and radiographic (r)axSpA (i.e., ankylosing spondylitis [AS]). Here, we assess the efficacy of BKZ in tumour necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi)-naïve or -inadequate responder (IR) patients with active nr-axSpA and raxSpA through Wk52. Methods In BE MOBILE 1 (nr-axSpA; NCT03928704) patients met Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) classification criteria and in BE MOBILE 2 (r-axSpA; NCT03928743) patients fulfilled modified New York and ASAS criteria. Patients were randomised to receive subcutaneous BKZ 160mg every 4wks (Q4W) or placebo (PBO) then BKZ 160mg Q4W from Wk16. This post-hoc analysis reports pooled mean efficacy data, including disease activity, MRI inflammation, physical function, and quality of life (QoL), through Wk52, stratified by TNFi status (naïve/IR). TNFi-IR patients were defined as those who experienced intolerance, or IR, to prior treatment given at an approved dose for ≥12wks. Results This pooled analysis included 505 TNFi-naïve and 81 TNFi-IR patients. 302/505 (59.8%) TNFi-naïve and 47/81 (58.0%) TNFi-IR patients were randomised to BKZ. Higher proportions of BKZ-randomised patients vs PBO achieved Wk16 ASAS40 (TNFinaïve: 46.0% vs 23.2%, TNFi-IR: 44.7% vs 14.7%; multiple imputation) and AS Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) <2.1 or low disease activity (47.9% vs 20.3%, 30.2% vs 15.6%; observed case). In continuous BKZ-treated patients, responses increased to Wk52 (ASAS40: 59.9%, 55.3%; ASDAS<2.1: 62.0%, 54.1%). Greater reductions from baseline in ASDAS-CRP and MRI inflammation by Wk16 were achieved with BKZ vs PBO in both TNFi-naïve/-IR patients; in continuous BKZ-treated patients this was sustained or further improved through 52wks. Comparable improvements in physical function, nocturnal spinal pain and ASQoL were observed through 52wks with BKZ in TNFinaïve/-IR patients (Table). Conclusion Across the full axSpA disease spectrum, BKZ treatment resulted in clinically relevant improvements in key efficacy outcomes vs PBO, including suppression of inflammation and improvements in physical function and QoL, regardless of prior TNFi exposure. Improvements were sustained to Wk52. Disclosure M. Magrey: Consultancies; AbbVie, BMS, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB Pharma. Grants/research support; AbbVie, BMS and UCB Pharma. M. Van de Sande: Consultancies; AbbVie, Novartis and UCB Pharma. Member of speakers’ bureau; Janssen, Novartis and UCB Pharma. Grants/research support; Eli Lilly, Novartis and UCB Pharma. M. Breban: Consultancies; Novartis and UCB Pharma. Grants/research support; MSD. F. Van den Bosch: Consultancies; AbbVie, Amgen, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB Pharma. Member of speakers’ bureau; AbbVie, Amgen, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB Pharma. C. Fleurinck: Other; Employee of UCB Pharma. U. Massow: Other; Employee of UCB Pharma. N. de Peyrecave: Other; Employee of UCB Pharma. T. Vaux: Other; Employee of UCB Pharma. X. Baraliakos: Consultancies; AbbVie, BMS, Chugai, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, Gilead, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB Pharma. Member of speakers’ bureau; AbbVie, BMS, Chugai, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB Pharma. Grants/research support; Novartis and UCB Pharma. Other; Paid instructor for AbbVie, BMS, Chugai, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB Pharma. H. Marzo-Ortega: Consultancies; AbbVie, Biogen, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Moonlake, Novartis, Pfizer, Takeda and UCB Pharma. Honoraria; AbbVie, Biogen, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Moonlake, Novartis, Pfizer, Takeda and UCB Pharma. Grants/research support; Janssen, Novartis and UCB Pharma.

Abstract 1073: AI-assisted high-dimensional cytological single cell analysis distinguishes normal and malignant urine samples using cell morphology images with high accuracy at the single cell level

Abstract Background: Urothelial cancer (UCC) is the 4th most common malignancy in men. The current clinical problem in UCC management is the high interobserver variability of tissue UCC grading and the low sensitivity of urine cytology for early detection of recurrences and progression. We hypothesize that assessing urine samples and UCC tissues with detailed quantitative image analysis based on artificial intelligence has strong potential in both urine-based early detection of tumor recurrence and progression as well as tissue-based pathological grading. Methods: Here, we utilized the Deepcell® Human Foundation Model (HFM), a self-supervised deep learning model, to assess a cohort of urine samples from 54 normal healthy cases, 19 atypical cases, and 4 UCC cases. High resolution images of label-free single cells were captured and analyzed using the HFM to identify distinct morphological characteristics of cells from different urine origins. The urine samples were loaded onto a single-use microfluidic cartridge as part of the Deepcell® REM-I platform and brightfield images of single cells were captured in real-time. For data analysis, images of all cells run through the REM-I instrument are automatically sent to the Deepcell® Axon Suite, which provides an analysis platform to visualize cell images from specific runs, generate UMAPs of the embedding space, and run additional deep neural network models on samples in silico. Results: High-dimensional analysis of 115 deep learning and morphometric features reveals 12 morphotypes among the pooled urine samples, as represented by morphology UMAP plots. Morphology analysis reveals distinct morphotypes in normal compared to pathological urine samples. Confusion matrix showed deep learning model performance in classifying atypical versus UCC with 89.1% (Atypical (n = 8642), UCC (n = 12637)). This indicates high model performance accuracy for AI prediction of atypical versus UCC samples at the single cell level. Conclusions: The Deepcell® REM-I platform performs well with urine samples and identified numerous cell clusters among normal and pathological urines. AI-assisted high-dimensional morphology analysis distinguishes atypical urine samples from UCC cases with 89.1% accuracy at the single cell level. Future applications of this study include early detection or monitoring of UCC cases using non-invasive patient samples such as urine. Citation Format: Thierry P. van den Bosch, Geert J.L.H. van Leenders, Siamala Sinnadurai, Zhouyang Lian, Ryan Carelli, Matthew Nakaki, Vivian Lu, Manisha Ray, Janifer Cruz, Kelly R. Miller, Mahyar Salek, Maddison Masaeli, Peter J. van der Spek. AI-assisted high-dimensional cytological single cell analysis distinguishes normal and malignant urine samples using cell morphology images with high accuracy at the single cell level [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 1073.

Comparison of different prediction models for the occurrence of nausea and vomiting in the postoperative phase : Asystematic qualitative comparison based on prospectively defined quality indicators

Various prognostic prediction models exist for evaluating the risk of nausea and vomiting in the postoperative period (PONV). So far, no systematic comparison of these prognostic scores is available. Asystematic literature search was carried out in seven medical databases to find publications on prognostic PONV models. Identified scores were assessed against prospectively defined quality criteria, including generalizability, validation and clinical relevance of the models. The literature search revealed 62relevant publications with atotal of 81,834 patients which could be assigned to 8prognostic models. The simplified Apfel score performed best, primarily because it was extensively validated. The Van den Bosch score and Sinclair score tied for second place. The simplified Koivuranta score was in third place. The qualitative analysis highlights the strengths and weaknesses of each prediction system based on predetermined standardized quality criteria.

Belgian Integrated Health Record (BIHR): from 2025, all well-being and health data will be available for all members of the care team, including the patient himself. 

•Why are you conducting a workshop? Please explain the problem, the context, or the case study,
 It would be an absolute added value for the BIHR-project to also hear the voice and opinion from other countries and experts: what went very smoothly? But also, what obstacles were they confronted with and how did they tackle these challenges.
 •Who is it for? Please explain who you would like to engage with.
 BIHR is a ‘Moonshot’: the expert group defined four major groups that are essential to bring BIHR to a successful project: the citizens, the healthcare providers, the various governments, and partners from the industry.
 In the panel debate we would like to have representatives from those different stakeholders around the table.
 It would also be an absolute added value to hear success stories from other countries and see if things could be realized in Belgium in the short and/or medium term.
 •Ilke Montag, MD, MSc: lead of the Belgian expert panel about BIHR 
 •Jan De Maeseneer, MD, PhD: Head of WHO Collaborating Centre on Family Medicine and Primary Health Care - Ghent University Belgium
 •Bart Van den Bosch, MD, PHD: CIO at University Hospital Leuven Belgium
 •A representative of the European Patients Forum (European Patients' Forum - Home (eu-patient.eu))
 •A representative of the International Hospital Federation (Home - IHF - International Hospital Federation (ihf-fih.org))
 •Someone who can explain the concept and the functioning of EHRs in the Canadian Primary Health Care Services
 •Someone who can explain the concept and the functioning of Slovenian Community health centers with multidisciplinary teams 
 •What are you going to do? Please explain the structure of the session. Please remember that workshops’ objective is to be interactive and engage with the audience - At least ½ of the time should be based on the interaction with the audience. 
 •How are you going to engage with the audience?
 •How are you going to summarize the take home messages?
 We will start with a short 15 min. presentation/introduction of the concept of BIHR. Afterwards, the moderator asks for a short reflection on this concept by the various panel members. The panel members are then asked to name both a success story and the lessons learnt from less successful projects. To involve the public in the debate, statements for debate will be used, each time from a unique perspective (citizens, care providers, governments, industry). The panel members will be confronted with the voting results on the statements. 
 The take home message will be a compilation of the success keys cited by each of the panel. There will also be a warm appeal to work together not only across the various levels in health care, but also across national borders.

(Invited) Electrochemistry Happens at the Interface

Earth-abundant, active, selective and stable electrocatalysts are the cornerstone in our transition to defossilisation of the chemical industry, sector coupling, and sustainable energy. The catalyst surface is known to transform at the interface to the electrolyte, especially under operation conditions. Only the properties of the transformed interface coupled to the underlying layer gives rise to observed metrics like activity and stability. This complicates predictive electrocatalyst materials design – a challenge which can only be tackled by collaborative and interdisciplinary efforts, at the Interface between Chemistry, Physics, Materials Science, and Engineering. I believe this presents one of the main tasks for the young electrochemistry researchers in Europe and around the world, especially since the same challenges also arise in related technologies like Li-ion batteries.In my talk I will discuss how the old wisdom from semiconductor research “the Interface is the device” can be translated into the current challenge “Electrochemistry happens at the Interface”. We need new approaches in designing and studying these electrochemical interfaces for fundamental insights that may in a next step yield better performance in future applications. The talk will be split in two parts.Firstly, I will introduce how single crystalline surfaces can be obtained using epitaxial thin films, and discuss how these can be used to derive atomic-level structure-property relations by synergetic experimental and theoretical investigation. Such films can be fabricated with unit-cell or even atomic-layer precision and enable direct comparison to single facets typically investigated in density functional theory.Secondly, I will discuss opportunities and challenges in surface-sensitive operando characterization in a liquid medium.1 Information from the outermost surface of a catalyst can be obtained through a standing-wave approach2,3 or extraction of a surface-only signal from careful thickness-dependent studies.4 In my ERC project “Interfaces at work”, we are also developing interface-sensitive, laboratory-based operando X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy approaches based on the new XPS user facility at the University of Twente.Throughout the talk, I will refer to examples from LaNiO3 thin films, which are atomically flat both before and after application as electrocatalysts for the OER during water electrolysis. We selectively tuned the surface cationic composition in epitaxial growth. The Ni-termination is approximately twice as active for the OER as the La-termination.2 Our ex situ and operando characterization confirmed that the surface transformation pathways – and therefore the electrochemical functionality – depend on a single atomic layer at the surface. A second example will be the introduction of multi-cation compositions in so-called high entropy perovskite oxides (HEO), which can maximize the catalytic activity. The HEO LaCr0.2Mn0.2Fe0.2Co0.2Ni0.2O3-δ outperforms all of its parent compounds (single TM-site element in the LaTMO3 perovskite) by orders of magnitude.5 X-ray photoemission studies reveal a synergistic effect of simultaneous oxidation and reduction of different transition metal cations during adsorption of reaction intermediates. Rao, R. R., van den Bosch, I. C. G. & Baeumer, C. Operando X-ray characterization of interfacial charge transfer and structural rearrangements. in Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering 1–24 (Elsevier, 2023). doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-85669-0.00068-4.Baeumer, C. et al. Tuning electrochemically driven surface transformation in atomically flat LaNiO3 thin films for enhanced water electrolysis. Nat Mater 20, 674–682 (2021).Martins, H. P. et al. Near total reflection x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: quantifying chemistry at solid/liquid and solid/solid interfaces. J Phys D Appl Phys 54, 464002 (2021).Baeumer, C. Operando characterization of interfacial charge transfer processes. J Appl Phys 129, 170901 (2021).Kante, M. V et al. A High-Entropy Oxide as High-Activity Electrocatalyst for Water Oxidation. ACS Nano (2023) doi:10.1021/acsnano.2c08096. Figure 1

Hexanucleotide repeat expansions in C9orf72 alter microglial responses and prevent a coordinated glial reaction in ALS (P1-6.002)

<h3>Objective:</h3> Neuroinflammation is an important hallmark in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Experimental evidence has highlighted a role of microglia in the modulation of motor neuron degeneration. However, the exact contribution of microglia to both sporadic and genetic forms of ALS is still unclear. <h3>Background:</h3> Single nuclei (sn) RNA sequencing is an interesting approach to study transcriptional changes at the cellular level in human tissues from patients with neurodegenerative disorders. For this study we included motor cortex and spinal cord samples from 5 patients with ALS caused by a C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion (HRE), from 5 patients with sporadic ALS (mutations in C9orf72, SOD1, TARDBP and FUS excluded) and from 5 control individuals. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> We generated single nuclei profiles of spinal cord and motor cortex from sporadic and <i>C9orf72</i> ALS patients, as well as controls. We particularly focused on the transcriptomic responses of both microglia and astrocytes. <h3>Results:</h3> We confirmed that <i>C9orf72</i> is highly expressed in microglia and shows a diminished expression as a result of the HRE. This resulted in an impaired response to disease, with specific deficits in phagocytic and lysosomal transcriptional pathways. Astrocytes also displayed a dysregulated response in <i>C9orf72</i> ALS patients, remaining in a homeostatic state. This suggesting that <i>C9orf72</i> HRE alters a coordinated glial response, which ultimately would increase the risk for developing ALS. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Our results indicate that <i>C9orf72</i> HRE results in a selective microglial loss-of-function, likely impairing microglial-astrocyte communication and preventing a global glial response. This is relevant as it indicates that sporadic and familial forms of ALS may present a different cellular substrate, which is of great importance for patient stratification and selecting treatments. <b>Disclosure:</b> Dr. Masrori has received research support from European Academy of Neurology. An immediate family member of Miss Bijnens has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving as a Consultant for Lundbeck . The institution of Miss Bijnens has received research support from University of Antwerp . Dr. Davie has nothing to disclose. Suresh Kumar Poovathingal has nothing to disclose. Miss Storm has nothing to disclose. Nicole Hersmus has nothing to disclose. Laura Fumagalli has nothing to disclose. The institution of Ludo Van Den Bosch has received research support from FWO-Vlaanderen. The institution of Ludo Van Den Bosch has received research support from Muscular Dystrophy Association (MDA). The institution of Ludo Van Den Bosch has received research support from American ALS Association (ALSA). The institution of Ludo Van Den Bosch has received research support from Thierry Latran Foundation. The institution of Ludo Van Den Bosch has received research support from Target ALS. The institution of Ludo Van Den Bosch has received research support from ABMM. Mark Fiers has nothing to disclose. Dietmar Thal has nothing to disclose. Prof. Mancuso has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Sanofi. The institution of Dr. Van Damme has received research support from CSL Behring.

E089 Effect of secukinumab on radiographic progression and inflammation in sacroiliac joints and spine in patients with non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: 2-year imaging outcomes from a Phase III randomised trial

E089 Effect of secukinumab on radiographic progression and inflammation in sacroiliac joints and spine in patients with non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: 2-year imaging outcomes from a Phase III randomised trial

Different lexicons make different rivals

Analogy-based theories assume that in situations of affix competition, language users create novel word forms on the basis of similar existing forms in their Mental Lexicons ( Baayen et al. 2011 ; Daelemans &amp; van den Bosch 2005; Skousen 1989 ). Interestingly, however, simulation studies employing computational implementations of analogical theories have almost invariably adopted a rather abstractionist view of the Mental Lexicon, representing the word stock of the language, and abstracting away from differences between individual speakers (see, e.g., Arndt-Lappe 2014 ; Chapman &amp; Skousen 2005 ; Eddington 2006 ; Nieder et al. 2021 ). This is a problem because it precludes the possibility of testing a central prediction of analogical theories: if affixes are assigned on the fly on the basis of similar words in the lexicon, then speakers with different lexicons should make different choices. The present paper provides a proof-of-concept study addressing this issue for the form-based rivalry between the two English adjectival suffixes - ic and - ical. Analogical Modeling of Language (AML; Skousen et al. 2013 ) is used as a computational model. On the basis of a survey of the distribution of derivatives in different registers in the British National Corpus, predictions of the analogical model are compared for a simulated speaker with a large vocabulary (including academic words) and a simulated speaker with a small vocabulary that is based mainly on words from spoken language. The statistical analysis of the simulations reveals that, while sharing some basic properties, the two models make very clear – and testable – predictions about speaker differences.

Continuing professional development - Radiation Therapy.

Journal of Medical Radiation SciencesEarly View Continuing Professional DevelopmentOpen Access Continuing professional development - Radiation Therapy First published: 08 February 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/jmrs.655AboutSectionsPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Maximise your CPD by reading the following selected article and answer the five questions. Please remember to self-claim your CPD and retain your supporting evidence. Answers will be available via the QR code and online at www.asmirt.org/news-and-publications/jmrs, as well as published in JMRS – Volume 70, Issue 4 December 2023. Radiation Therapy – Original Article Clinical evaluation of deep learning and atlas-based auto-segmentation for critical organs at risk in radiation therapy Gibbons E, Hoffmann M, Westhuyzen J, Hodgson A, Chick B, Last A. (2023) J Med Radiat Sci. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmrs.618 How are deep learning (DL) auto-segmentation contours produced on an incoming data set? DL models use deformable image registration to transform contours from a pre-defined library of similar data sets DL models predict contour location using optimised convolution ‘neural’ networks (CNNs) that have been trained to identify complex non-linear spatial relationships within data sets DL models generate contours by estimating spatial position on a data set using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) formula DL models require users to roughly contour the incoming data set by hand before the algorithm can fully optimise each organ at risk (OAR) Which of the following is correct in terms of the number of training data sets used for atlas and DL segmentation? Atlas-based auto-segmentation typically uses a larger number of training data sets than DL models If an atlas and DL auto-segmentation model are trained using the same number of data sets, they are likely to output identical contours The larger number of training data sets used in DL segmentation naturally incorporates a more diverse range of patient anatomy than atlas-based methods DL auto-segmentation models typically reach a performance plateau when trained on 10–30 data sets Which DL-based OARs experienced statistically significant time improvements over atlas-based OARs? Spinal Cord, Rectum, Bladder, Left Femoral Head Spinal Cord, Oral Cavity, Left Lung, Oesophagus, Heart Left Parotid, Spinal Cord, Left Lung, Rectum, Bladder, Left Femoral Head Left Parotid, Rectum, Bladder, Left Femoral Head For auto-segmented OAR contours, it is recommended that: All DL generated OARs should be reviewed by an expert clinician prior to clinical use All DL generated OARs are accurate enough to be used clinically without human review Only a specific list of DL generated OARs requires expert review prior to clinical use Only a specific list of atlas generated OARs require expert review prior to clinical use Why can vendor trained ‘generic’ DL models be beneficial to a radiation therapy workflow? They will always output contours that are quantitatively more accurate than a DL model trained by an individual department They are pre-optimised to output contours that will meet the specific contouring protocols for all departments worldwide The output contours will always require less editing time than a DL model trained by an individual department They can output quality contours without the time, data or resource requirements needed for departments to individually train their own DL models Recommended further reading: 1Brouwer CL, Boukerroui D, Oliveira J, et al. Assessment of manual adjustment performed in clinical practice following deep learning contouring for head and neck organs at risk in radiotherapy. Phys Imaging Radiat Oncol. 2020; 16: 54– 60. 2Sherer MV, Lin D, Elguindi S, et al. Metrics to evaluate the performance of auto-segmentation for radiation treatment planning: A critical review. Radiother Oncol. 2021; 160: 185– 91. 3van Dijk LV, Van den Bosch L, Aljabar P, et al. Improving automatic delineation for head and neck organs at risk by Deep Learning Contouring. Radiother Oncol. 2020; 142: 115– 23. Answers Scan this QR code to find the answers, or visit www.asmirt.org/news-and-publications/jmrs Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issue ReferencesRelatedInformation

Stepwise photoassisted decomposition of carbohydrates to H2

Stepwise photoassisted decomposition of carbohydrates to H2

An Interactive, Online Web Map Resource of Global Fusarium oxysporum ff. spp. Diversity and Distribution.

An Interactive, Online Web Map Resource of Global Fusarium oxysporum ff. spp. Diversity and Distribution.

Orbit-superposition Dynamical Modeling of Barred Galaxies

Barred structures are important in understanding galaxy evolution, but they were not included explicitly in most dynamical models for nearby galaxies due to their complicated morphological and kinematic properties. We modify the triaxial orbit-superposition Schwarzschild implementation by van den Bosch et al. to include barred structures explicitly. The gravitational potential is a combination of a spherical dark matter halo and stellar mass; with the 3D stellar density distribution deprojected from the observed 2D image using a two-component deprojection method, including an axisymmetric disk and a triaxial barred bulge. We consider figure rotation of the galaxy with the bar pattern speed as a free parameter. We validate the method by applying it to a mock galaxy with integral field unit (IFU) data created from an N-body simulation with a boxy/peanut or X-shaped bar. Our model fits the observed 2D surface density and all kinematic features well. The bar pattern speed is recovered well with a relative uncertainty smaller than 10%. Based on the internal stellar orbit distribution of the model, we decompose the galaxy into an X-shaped bar, a boxy bulge, a vertically extended structure and a disk, and demonstrate that our model recovers these structures generally well, similar to the true structures in the N-body simulation. Our method provides a realistic way of modeling the bar structure explicitly for nearby barred galaxies with IFU observations.

Testing the robustness of DYNAMITE triaxial Schwarzschild modelling: The effects of correcting the orbit mirroring

In the past 15 yr, the triaxial Schwarzschild orbit-superposition code developed by van den Bosch and van de Ven in Leiden has been widely applied to study the dynamics of galaxies. Recently, a bug was reported in the orbit calculation of this code, specifically in the mirroring procedure that is used to speed up the computation. We have fixed the incorrect mirroring in the DYNAMITE code, which is the publicly-released successor of the Leiden triaxial Schwarzschild code. In this study, we provide a thorough quantification of how this bug has affected the results of dynamical analyses performed with this code. We compare results obtained with the original and corrected versions of DYNAMITE, and discuss the differences in the phase-space distribution of a single orbit and in the global stellar orbit distribution, in the mass estimate of the central black hole in the highly triaxial galaxy PGC 46832, and in the measurement of intrinsic shape and enclosed mass for more than 50 galaxies. Focusing on the typical scientific applications of the Schwarzschild method, in all our tests we find that differences are negligible with respect to the statistical and systematic uncertainties. We conclude that previous results with the Leiden triaxial Schwarzschild code are not significantly affected by the incorrect mirroring.

Evaluation of Deformable Image Registration-Based Dose Accumulation for Parotid Glands in Head and Neck Adaptive Radiotherapy and its Impact on Prediction of Xerostomia

<h3>Purpose/Objective(s)</h3> Deformable image registration (DIR) so far is the fundamental tool for dose accumulation despite the noticeable errors and uncertainty. Accurate dose and NTCP evaluation are crucial in adaptive radiotherapy (ART). The current study assessed the difference of mean dose (D_mean) between the accumulation by DIR and ground truth for parotid gland and the impact on NTCP of xerostomia. We aim to propose a method using DIR for fast and accurate dose and NTCP evaluation in ART. <h3>Materials/Methods</h3> A total of 123 head and neck cancer (HNC) patients who underwent photon radiotherapy and had at least 5 weekly in-treatment re-scan CTs (rCTs) were enrolled. Parotid glands were segmented on planning CT and each rCT by the same senior radiation oncologist with more than 10 years' experience in OAR segmentation. The original treatment plan (VMAT or IMRT) was re-calculated on each rCT to obtain the actual weekly mean dose (D_mean). was performed between planning CT (reference CT) and each rCT (target CT) and then used to warp the dose distribution of each rCT backward and accumulate on planning CT to obtain the DIR accumulated D_mean (D_{mean_DIR}). The ground truth D_mean (D_{mean_GT}) was defined as the average of the actual weekly D_mean. The planning D_mean, D_{mean_DIR} and D_{mean_GT} were all translated into NTCP for xerostomia (van den Bosch et al., 2021). NTCP of D_{mean_DIR} and planning D_mean were used to develop a liner multiple regression model to predict NTCP of D_{mean_GT}. All the combinations of coefficients within the 95% confidential interval were tested, the prediction error was defined as NTCP of D_{mean_GT} - prediction of NTCP. <h3>Results</h3> There is no statistically significant difference between D_mean difference of D_{mean_GT} (D_{mean_GT}- planning D_mean) and D_{mean_DIR} (D_{mean_DIR} - planning D_mean). The NTCP difference (NTCP based on D_{mean_DIR} – NTCP based on D_{mean_GT}) of xerostomia at the 6^th month after radiotherapy was 0.01 ± 0.96% (range: -3.94% to 2.63%, assumed Grade 0 baseline xerostomia) and 0.05 ± 1.17% (range: -3.71% to 2.99%, assumed Grade 1-2 baseline xerostomia). In both models, the p value of coefficients for NTCP of planning D_mean and D_{mean_DIR} were significant and <0.01. For cases showing increased NTCP during the course of RT >3 pp (NTCP of D_{mean_GT} vs. NTCP of planning D_mean), adjusting the coefficients within the 95% confidential interval could help to predict the NTCP of D_{mean_GT} within a deviation of -1.31% to 1.89% and -1.58% to 1.99% for baseline xerostomia of Grade0 and Grade 1-2, respectively. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The dose accumulation by deformable image registration could incur a prediction error up to 3.94 pp for NTCP of xerostomia. For patients showing increased NTCP of xerostomia more than 3 pp due to dose change, our model using the NTCP based on planning and DIR accumulated mean dose of parotid glands could be used for accurate prediction of the actual NTCP with a prediction error less than 2 pp.

Asymptotic stability of kink with internal modes under odd perturbation

We give a sufficient condition, in the spirit of Kowalczyk–Martel–Munoz–Van Den Bosch (Ann PDE 7(1):Paper No. 10, 98, 2021), for the local asymptotic stability of kinks under odd perturbations. In particular, we allow the existence of quite general configuration of internal modes. The extension of our result to moving kinks remains an open problem.

Merchant Kings. Corporate Governmentality in the Dutch Colonial Empire, 1815–1870 by Albert Schrauwers

Reviewed by: Merchant Kings. Corporate Governmentality in the Dutch Colonial Empire, 1815–1870 by Albert Schrauwers G. Roger Knight Albert Schrauwers. Merchant Kings. Corporate Governmentality in the Dutch Colonial Empire, 1815–1870. New York: Berghahn, 2021. Merchant Kings is focused on an elite cadre of technocrats and their associates in government and business, something that Albert Schrauwers envisages as fusing colony and metropole into a single—in this instance Dutch—"corporate governmentality." It's an impressive and intriguing hypothesis, valuable not least for the way in which it draws attention, if not to the singularities of the Dutch empire, then at least to the dangers of conflating "empires" into an homogenous whole: clearly, the Heeren in Amsterdam, The Hague, and Rotterdam set out to run their vast Asian empire on lines considerably at variance from that of the Gentleman of London, Manchester, and Glasgow. The spotlight it plays on its subject in this respect illuminates what are arguably some substantial contrasts—as well as comparable features. All in all, it is a thought-provoking essay in trying to make sense of the interwoven history—a single, unified history—of what it has become increasingly threadbare to term merely as "core" and "periphery." The Dutch empire in Asia, transformed in the middle of the last century into the Republic of Indonesia, has long attracted the attention of historians and others, above all on account of developments there during the middle decades of the nineteenth century on its centerpiece island of Java, far the most populous of the sprawling archipelagic territories that came to constitute what their colonial hegemon invariably referred to as "the Indies." It was there, in the shape of the Cultivation System (Dutch: Cultuurstelsel), that the colonial regime set about commandeering the land and labor of the island's peasantry for what became the highly profitable production of a "tropical" commodities for the world market, notably coffee, sugar, the dye-stuff indigo, and tobacco. In respect to the forging and intermeshing of commodity chains linking metropole and colony, however, a crucial development was the fact that Java's extensive population (there were already perhaps as many as nine million Indonesians living on the island c. 1850) provided a potentially lucrative market for the manufactures of the metropolitan country. It was here that—as Schrauwers's account emphasizes—the heavily state-backed Netherlands Trading Society or NHM, one of the key entities in the evolution of the corporate regime that he identifies as coming into existence c. 1830 onward, played a key role. For not only did it transport and sell in Amsterdam the agricultural staples produced under the aegis of the system and act as banker to the colonial government, while subsequently playing a role (somewhat exaggerated in this account) in the industrialization of Java's sugar manufacture: the NHM also acted to bring into existence a "complimentary" cotton goods manufacturing industry in the Netherlands itself, especially in the "cheap labor" northeastern parts of the country. The potential for an integrative analysis of the Dutch empire overseas with that of the empire at home, of course, was not lost on an earlier generation of scholars: Leiden professor Cees Fasseur, albeit from a potentially very different historical perspective from that of the book currently under review, might well have done so—building on series of publications beginning in the mid-1970s—had he not been deflected into the writing [End Page 233] of a warmly received two-volume biography of the twentieth century Dutch Queen Wilhelmina. More recently, Exploring the Dutch Empire (ed. Antunes and Gommans, 2015) held out further early promise in that direction, but important work by historians writing in Dutch (as largely dictated by their funding bodies) on the imperial agents central to the Cultivation System, Governor-General Johannes van den Bosch (Sens 2019) and the state-backed Netherlands Trading Society of NHM (De Graaf 2012), has remained untranslated and hence unavailable to the academic community in general. In short, Schrauwers is filling an important gap for Anglophone readers, but he is doing much more than that. The organic connection that he sets out to demonstrate—one between metropole and colony—begins with Van den Bosch...

On Selection of Standing Wave at Small Energy in the 1D Cubic Schrödinger Equation with a Trapping Potential

Combining virial inequalities by Kowalczyk, Martel and Munoz and Kowalczyk, Martel, Munoz and Van Den Bosch with our theory on how to derive nonlinear induced dissipation on discrete modes, and in particular the notion of Refined Profile, we show how to extend the theory by Kowalczyk, Martel, Munoz and Van Den Bosch to the case when there is a large number of discrete modes in the cubic NLS with a trapping potential which is associated to a repulsive potential by a series of Darboux transformations. Even though, by its non translation invariance, our model avoids some of the difficulties related to the effect that translation has on virial inequalities of the kink stability problem for wave equations, it still is a classical model and it retains some of the main difficulties.

Dynamic and adaptive cancer stem cell population admixture in colorectal neoplasia.

SummaryIntestinal homeostasis is underpinned by LGR5+ve crypt-base columnar stem cells (CBCs), but following injury, dedifferentiation results in the emergence of LGR5−ve regenerative stem cell populations (RSCs), characterized by fetal transcriptional profiles. Neoplasia hijacks regenerative signaling, so we assessed the distribution of CBCs and RSCs in mouse and human intestinal tumors. Using combined molecular-morphological analysis, we demonstrate variable expression of stem cell markers across a range of lesions. The degree of CBC-RSC admixture was associated with both epithelial mutation and microenvironmental signaling disruption and could be mapped across disease molecular subtypes. The CBC-RSC equilibrium was adaptive, with a dynamic response to acute selective pressure, and adaptability was associated with chemoresistance. We propose a fitness landscape model where individual tumors have equilibrated stem cell population distributions along a CBC-RSC phenotypic axis. Cellular plasticity is represented by position shift along this axis and is influenced by cell-intrinsic, extrinsic, and therapeutic selective pressures.

Abstract 5857: Systematic literature review of prognostic factors associated with overall survival among advanced synovial sarcoma and myxoid/round cell liposarcoma subjects

Abstract Objective: Synovial sarcoma (SS) and myxoid/round cell liposarcoma (MRCLS) are rare subtypes of soft tissue sarcoma. Reported prognostic factors of survival for SS and MRCLS include tumor size/grade, tumor depth, and round cell component specifically for MRCLS. However, these publications refer to both localized and advanced disease, and there is a lack of a systematic review of these factors. The objective is to systematically review prognostic factors associated with overall survival (OS) in subjects with advanced (metastatic or unresectable) SS and MRCLS. Methods: Literature searches were conducted in PubMed and Embase using search strings for advanced/metastatic SS and MRCLS, and survival, and included English language articles (2000-2020), complemented with clinical trial registry summaries and oncology conference proceedings (most recent 3 years). Studies with multivariable (MV) analyses were prioritized. Results: Sixteen studies investigated prognostic factors associated with OS (13 SS, 2 MRCLS and 1 SS/MRCLS). Five studies were conducted in the US, two in the UK and three in the EU; three SS studies and one MRCLS study included at least 100 subjects in the analyses. Advanced SS: Among six studies with MV analyses of OS, the factors in the models varied by study. Age was studied in three analyses with older age being associated with worse OS in one analysis. Metastasectomy was included in two analyses and found to be associated with longer OS in one analysis. Larger primary tumor size was associated with shorter survival in two analyses. Other factors associated with worse OS and occurring in one analysis include: males, no chemotherapy/radiotherapy/surgery of primary tumor, extra-pulmonary metastasis, lymph node metastasis, shorter time to metastasis and higher performance status. Univariate analyses showed similar results. Advanced MRCLS: While no MV analyses were conducted, the following factors were investigated in two univariate analyses each but had p-values &amp;gt;0.05: primary tumor grade, primary tumor size, percentage of round cells and location of metastases. Only one study identified factors associated with worse OS: stage IV at diagnosis, ≥3 metastatic lesions at start of first-line therapy and a high number of organs involved during first-line therapy. Conclusion: Limited evidence exists for prognostic factors of OS among advanced SS and MRCLS subjects. Large tumor size was the most common factor associated with poor OS in MV analyses among advanced SS subjects; other factors associated with poorer prognosis included older age, males, and metastasis characteristics. Among advanced MRCLS subjects, there were very few prognostic factors reported and all stemmed from univariate analyses in a single study, underscoring the scarcity of data available and the need for further explorations with this subtype. Funding: GSK Citation Format: Samantha St Laurent, Judith van den Bosch, Hilde Vroling, Huifen Wang, Shibani Pokras. Systematic literature review of prognostic factors associated with overall survival among advanced synovial sarcoma and myxoid/round cell liposarcoma subjects [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5857.