Van City Research Articles

Investigation of Protective and Therapeutic Efficacy of Lactoferrin on Neonatal Calf Diarrhea

This study was performed to investigate the prevalence of rotavirus, coronavirus, Cryptosporidium, E. coli F5 (K99), Cl. perfringens and Salmonella spp. as well as the clinical, hematological, biochemical alterations, and efficacy of lactoferrin supplementation in classical treatment in neonatal diarrheic calves in city of Van and Diyarbakir. 100 diarrheic calves were investigated in terms of the specified agents with immunochromatographic test kit and with conventional bacteriological methods. Rotavirus was detected in 51% of the calves, Cryptosporidium in 35%, Cl. perfringens in 23%, coronavirus 16%, E. coli F5 (K99) in 4%, Salmonella spp. in 2% of the calves were detected. Giardia spp. was not detected in any of the calves. While 65% of the calves had a single agent, 33% had multiple. Hematological, biochemical, and blood gas analyses were performed before and after treatment, and in vitro bactericidal and bacteriostatic effect of lactoferrin was investigated on E. coli O157, E. coli F5 and Salmonella enteriditis. When used for treatment, lactoferrin was found to be effective on the bacteria at 100 mg/ml and higher concentrations and it lowered mortality rate, as well as showing a positive effect on clinical parameters. It was concluded that lactoferrin can be used for protective and therapeutic purposes at 100 mg/ml, and higher doses and will be more efficient.

Analyzing the Interactions among Barriers to the Use of Solar Energy for Heating in Residential Buildings in Van, Türkiye

In terms of environmental sustainability, the barriers—and interactions between these barriers—to the use of solar energy for active and passive heating in residential buildings stem from location-specific housing production patterns and the actors involved in these patterns. A clear definition of hierarchies and priorities between barriers helps managers set strategic priorities and action plans to find solutions. After the earthquake in Van in 2011, 6000 hectares of land were opened for new development, and research using the sampling method discovered that the most common type of housing production in the city is the build-to-sell housing production method. The actors involved in build-to-sell housing production are technical staff, local–central administrations, entrepreneurs, end users, landowners, financial companies, non-governmental organizations, and building inspection institutions. This article examines the barriers to the use of solar energy for active and passive heating purposes, the interactions between these barriers using ISM and MICMAC methods, and the build-to-sell housing production method and actors. Barriers were identified through a literature review and semi-structured interviews. The barriers were further categorized under eight main headings according to their subject matter. The hierarchies of barriers in creating problems and solutions were determined using ISM and MICMAC methods and the findings were interpreted. In the City of Van, with regard to the houses produced via the build-to-sell production method, the barriers against the use of solar energy for heating purposes in houses considering active and passive methods are ranked in order of priority in creating the problem and the solution. Barriers caused by political and administrative issues are ranked first; barriers caused by social awareness and end users are ranked second; barriers caused by social and sociological events are ranked third; barriers caused by laws and regulations are ranked fourth; barriers caused by the knowledge, skills, and awareness of designers are ranked fifth; barriers caused by deficiencies in technical issues are ranked sixth; and barriers caused by economic and financial issues are ranked seventh. Even though the barrier caused by the working mode of build-to-sell productions is the largest in creating the problem, it is the least effective barrier to solving the problem in the ISM hierarchical and MICMAC schemes. The research process is presented in the Methods section.

Obesity Management of Family Physicians in Van City; Attitudes, Approaches and Practices

Obesity Management of Family Physicians in Van City; Attitudes, Approaches and Practices

The Level of Fat- and Water-Soluble Antioxidants in Eggs of Free-Range Geese during a Production Season

In this investigation, egg yolk and egg white water and fat-soluble antioxidant concentrations of geese eggs were determined during a production season according to months and weeks. Breeders consumed 100 g commercial layer feed per day during a production season. The farm was located at a semi-open prison of the Ministry of Justice in Van city. Fat-soluble (vitamin A, E, total and individual carotene) of egg yolk and water-soluble (ascorbic acid and GSH) antioxidants of egg white of geese were measured in February, March, April and May per week gazed in pasture conditions. Roche Yolk Color Fun (RYCF) values and Minolta (L* brightness, a* redness, and b* yellowness) values varied according to months and statistically significant differences were observed (p <0.05). RYCF, a * redness, and b *yellowness values were the lowest in February and L* brightness values were the highest in February (p <0.001). According to months (February-May), the egg yolk concentration of vitamin A (retinol) were 3.05±0.11, 1.84±0.10, 1.93±0.09, 2.84±0.19 µg g-1, total vitamin E were 26.87±1.80, 25.07±1.64, 38.16±1.71, 34.30±1.89 µg g-1, and total carotene were 15.49±1.44, 19.50±1.79, 42.39±1.99, 44.30±2.03 µg g-1 (p <0.05), respectively. In this study, lutein, cis-lutein, zeaxanthin, apoester, canthaxanthin, and beta-carotene were identified as individual carotene in goose egg yolks. Glutathione (GSH) and Vitamin C or ascorbic acid (AA) were detected in geese eggs white in the last two weeks of February and four weeks of March, April, and May. The results were recorded as: 0.91±0.14, 1.83±0.19, 2.69±0.15, 1.97±0.09 µg g-1 for AA and 7.71±1.86, 33.22±2.14, 45.37±2.41, 38.75±1.50 µg g-1 for GSH respectively. Both water-soluble GSH and AA data were significantly lower in February and were significantly higher in April (p <0.05) compared to other months.

A Research on the Demesne Barn in the Old City of Van

Van Kalesi’nin güneyinde yer alan Eski Van Şehri, stratejik konumundan dolayı Urartular’dan beri birçok uygarlık tarafından kullanılmıştır. Şehrin doğu, güney ve batısı çift sıra surlarla kuzeyi ise Van Kalesi ile çevrelenmiştir. Eski Van Şehri, 1915-18 yıllarında Rus-Ermeniler tarafından işgal edilir. 1917 yılındaki Çarlık Rus birliklerinin Bolşevik Devriminin ardından bölgeden çekilmesi ile şehirdeki tüm mimari yapılar çeteler tarafından yakılıp yıkılmıştır. 1918 yılında sonra şehirde yaşam sona ermiş, yapılaşma günümüz Van şehrinde başlamıştır. 1918-95 yılları arası kaderine terk edilen Eski Van Şehri doğanın ve definecilerin tahribatı olumsuz etkisi ile her gün biraz daha zemine yaklaşmaktadır. 1995 yılında çeşitli kurumlar tarafından kentte kazı, proje ve onarım çalışmaları başlatılmıştır. Devletin tahıl deposu olarak kullanılan Miri Ambarı, oldukça güvenilir bir bölgede inşa edilmiştir. Günümüzde yapının beden duvarlarının bir bölümü, düz toprak damı ve çıkış merdivenleri tamamen yıkılmıştır. XVII. Yüzyıl içerisinde inşa edilen Miri Ambarı, doğu-batı istikametinde dikdörtgen bir biçimde zemine yerleştirilmiştir. Yapıya giriş güney cephede sivri kemer nişi içerisindeki iki ayrı kapı ile sağlanır. Ambar üç ayrı bölümden meydana gelmiştir. Düz damın orta bölümünde aynı yatay aks üzerindeki üç adet dam başı bulunmaktadır. Sıkıştırılmış çorak toprak ve odun külü katkılı çamur ile inşa edilen düz toprak dam yağan kar ve yağmur sularının tahliyesi için sekiz adet çörten yer almaktadır. Bu çalışma ile Miri Ambarı’nın özgün mimari yapısının daha fazla tahrip olmadan korunmasını sağlamak ilgili koruyucu önlemleri alınarak, gelecek kuşaklara aktarılması amaçlanmaktadır. Van Valiliği tarafından yapının onarımına yönelik kazı, belgeleme ve uygulama rölöve, restitüsyon, restorasyon ve işlevlendirme projeleri konusunda uzman elemanlarca hazırlatılarak ilgili kurum ve kuruldan onaylanmıştır. Arkeolojik sit olarak ilan edilen Eski Van Şehri içerisinde önemli bir yeri olan Miri Ambarı hem form olarak hem de mimari plan özellikleri bakımından gerek Van ve bölgede mimari özellik bakımından tek sivil yapıdır.

A Survey on Renovation of Kaya Çelebi Mosque, Old City of Van

Kaya Çelebi Camii, Van Kalesi’nin güneyindeki Eski Van Şehri’nin güney surlarına yakın bir alanda yer almaktadır. 1660 yılında Kaya Çelebizade Koçi Bey tarafından cami inşaatına başlanmış, daha sonra Cem Dedeoğlu Mehmet Bey tarafından tamamlanmıştır. Cami kapısının kemer alınlığı üzerinde yer alan kitabenin 1915-18 Rus-Ermeni işgali sırasında söküldüğü rivayet edilir. XVII. yüzyıl Osmanlı dönem mimarisi ile inşa edilen yapı, merkezi tek kubbeli, son cemaat bölümü üzeri beş benzer kubbeyle örtülü, kuzeybatı beden duvarına bitişik kare kaideli minareden oluşmaktadır. Yapının kuzeybatı köşesindeki kare kaide üzeri silindirik gövdeli tek şerefeli minare yer almaktadır. İnşa edildiği dönemden 1915 yılına kadar kesintisiz olarak kullanılan cami, 1990 yılına kadar tahrip edildiği için kullanılamamıştır. Yapının beden duvarları, son cemaat bölümü, minare, mahfil bölümü ve iç mekânda doğanın olumsuz etkisi ve definecilerin tahribatı ile ciddi statik sorunlar oluşturmuştur. İlk olarak 1971 yılında başlatılan esaslı onarım çalışmaları günümüze kadar dört farklı tarihlerde Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü tarafından yapılmıştır. Yapı, 2011 yılında Van’da oluşan iki büyük depremde ağır hasarlı olarak etkilenmiştir. Yapılan onarımda caminin kubbe, beden duvarlarının bir bölümü, son cemaat bölümü ve minaresi yeniden yapılmıştır. Kaya Çelebi Camii’nin son onarım çalışmalarından sonra 2012-15 yılları arasında Bitlis Vakıflar Bölge Müdürlüğü tarafından tamamlanarak 2016 yılında ibadete açılmıştır. Kaya Çelebi Camii, iç ve dış mimari öğelerinden mihrap, giriş kapısı, minare ve pencerelerde bitkisel ve geometrik süslemeler kullanılmıştır. Cami beden duvarları, yığma dolgu yapım tekniği ile inşa edilmiştir. Beden duvarlarında dıştan yonu taş örgüsü, içten kaba yonu üzeri Horasan harç sıvalı dolgu tekniği kullanılarak inşa edilmiştir.

Investigation of color parameters in pine, limba, sapele, iroko, oak, and beech wood species exposed to outdoor conditions in Van city, Turkey

Sapele, pine, limba, iroko, beech, and oak wood species are important species used indoors and outdoors, as supplied by furniture companies. It is known that the color changes in wood material when exposed to the external environment. This is an important factor for the outdoor use of wood material. In this study, the color parameters of Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.), limba (Terminalia superba Engl. et Diels), sapele (Entandrophragma cylindricum), sessile oak (Quercus petraea L.), and iroko (Milicia excelsa) wood species, which are used in both indoor and outdoor woodworking industries in Van city, Turkey were investigated after exposing them to natural weather conditions for 9 months in outdoor conditions. Each type of wood exhibited a different color behavior in outdoor conditions. In sapele and limba wood species, b* and a* values increased and L* values decreased with increasing weathering time. It was observed that ∆E* increased with increasing time of exposure in all tree species. At the end of 9 months of weathering, the highest ∆E* value was determined in pine wood, followed by beech, sapele, limba, iroko, and oak wood species, respectively.

1954 General Election Results in Van City And Their Reflections in the City

1946’da Türkiye’de çok partili hayata geçiş sürecinin ardından Demokrat Parti’nin (DP) siyasi bir figür olarak ortaya çıkmasıyla birlikte tüm Türkiye’de olduğu gibi Van’da da siyasi yaşam canlanmaya başlamıştır. Ancak DP, Van’da 1946 seçimlerinden bir gün önce kurulduğu için seçimlere katılamamıştır. Sonrasında DP, ülkenin genelinde olduğu gibi Van’da da genişleme alanı bulmuştur. Ancak 1950 seçimlerinde 27 yıllık iktidarına son verdiği Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi’nin (CHP) oy oranını Van’da geçememiş ve seçime katılan 3 milletvekilliğinden sadece birini kazanabilmiştir. DP, 1950’de yönetimi ele aldıktan sonra, yapılan yerel seçimlerde de oy oranını artırınca ülkede tek hakim güç haline gelmiştir. Parti bu gücünü, iktidarı devraldığı CHP’ye karşı on yıl boyunca kullanmıştır. Bu gelişmeler, iktidar muhalefet ilişkilerinde onarılması zor olan ağır yaralar açarken, iktidar, güçsüz düşürdüğü muhalefet karşısında, rahat bir nefes alma fırsatı bulmuştur. Siyasi alanda bunlar olurken DP, ülkede asıl meselenin ekonomi olduğunu düşündüğünden bu yönde faaliyetler icra etmeye başlamıştır. Ülkede görülen bu kalkınma ve ilerleme hamlelerinde, Amerika’dan alınan yardımların katkısı büyük olmuş, alınan krediler ithal makinelerin alınmasında kullanılmıştır. Ülkenin genelinde her iki parti arasında gelişen olaylar, Van’da da aynı şekilde zemin bulmuş ve partiler arası çekişme yaşanmıştır. Bu çalışmada 1954’te Van’da yapılan seçimler ve bu seçimlerde oy oranını yükselterek gücünü pekiştiren DP dönemi siyasi gelişmeleri dikkate alınacaktır.

The Provincial Forms of Masculinity: Male Power Relations, Strategies and Collaborations in Van

Male gender identities are constructed in different forms depending on variables such as age, sexuality, class and ethnicity. This research focusing on male gender identities in the city of Van aims to discuss masculinity through factors such as tribe, sexuality, power relations between men and local dynamics. Masculinities considered through these variables that occurred based on sociocultural expectations are planned to discuss within the framework of theories of male domination, hegemonic masculinity and structured action theory. Having examined the discourses of heterosexual and gay men through qualitative methods, the practices of control, exclusion, and solidarity which are performed among men during the construction of male gender identities is examined. In addition, male power relations that men perform to be positioned in the hierarchy of masculinities or to settle in a higher position against other men will also be discussed in relatin to power dynamics.

Forensic-medical examination by the Van Forensic Medicine Group Directorate to deaths as a result of lightning strike

Lightning strikes may be a cause of death for farmers, sailors, and those engaged in outdoor sports. Death occurs due to damage to the cardiovascular and central nervous systems. In the autopsies performed in cases of lightning strikes, the information about the location of the incident, sociodemographic data, regions of burns and injuries on the body, histopathological findings, and cause of death are examined. In this study, a retrospective evaluation was made of 7 cases for which an autopsy was performed because of lightning strike in the city of Van in eastern Turkey. The deaths were seen to have occurred most often in spring, in the month of May. The 7 cases comprised 85.7% males and 14.3% females with a mean age of 28 years, and all were injured while shepherding. In 2 cases there was a witness, and in 6 cases, there were found to be burns and tears in the clothing. Singeing and flattening of the body hair was seen most often in the chest region. In addition to the findings of lightning strike, there were accompanying findings of blunt trauma (grazes, ecchymosis, lacerations) in 4 cases. There were first and second-degree burns in all the cases, with a mean 11.6% burned surface area. Histopathologically, focal subarachnoidal fresh bleeding was seen in 2 cases, subpleural and intra-alveolar fresh bleeding in the lungs in 2 cases, and interlobular rupture in the lungs in 2 cases. It must not be forgotten that lightning strikes are an uncommon natural catastrophe but have a high mortality rate. Together with the non-specific autopsy findings, examination of the scene of the incident and witness statements will be able to support the determination of the cause of death.

Investigation of Obesity Awareness and Physical Activity Levels of Primary School Students (Van City Example)

Investigation of Obesity Awareness and Physical Activity Levels of Primary School Students (Van City Example)

Очерки С.М. Городецкого о Западной Армении как структурно-семантическое единство (на материале публикаций в газетах «Русское слово» и «Кавказское слово»)

The article examines S.M. Gorodetsky’s essays published in the Moscow newspaper “Russian Word” and the Tiflis newspaper “Caucasian Word” during the poet’s stay on the Caucasian Front in 1916–1917. It is noted that this group of texts contains information about Gorodetsky’s travels, colleagues, humanitarian activities in Western Armenia and can be used as a source of information about his biography during this period. It is shown the relative chronology of the events described in the essays and their connection with the poet’s three visits to the city of Van. The hypothesis is put forward that, despite publication in various periodicals (central and regional newspapers), Gorodetsky’s essays have a number of integral features and represent a structural and semantic unity. It is shown that the texts under study have a cross-cutting plot related to the poet’s travels and his work in the Union of Cities, common events and characters. It is revealed that Gorodetsky’s essays, as well as travel notes, are the pretexts of his artistic works, in particular, the book of poems “The Angel of Armenia” and the unfinished novel “The Gardens of Semiramis”. It is concluded that Gorodetsky interpreted this group of newspaper publications as a metatext, similar to an artistic cycle.

Multiple parameter analysis for assessing and forecasting earthquake hazards in the Lake Van region, Turkey

A detailed spatial-temporal analysis of the seismic activity in and around the Lake Van region was performed using several seismotectonic parameters such as b-value, Z-value, relative intensity (RI), pattern informatics (PI), and Coulomb stress changes. Correlations between these parameters were analyzed to estimate and forecast potential seismic hazards in the Lake Van region. Particular attention was paid to the parts of the study region that exhibited smaller b-values, higher Z-values, and high-stress changes at the beginning of 2022 and to the locations of earthquake hotspots determined from the composite earthquake forecast map for 2022–2032, i.e., Muradiye, Çaldıran, Özalp, Erçek, Van city center and Gevaş covering the faults of Çaldıran, Yeniköşk, Erciş, Malazgirt and the fault zones of Saray and Van. To provide more accurate interpretations regarding potential earthquake occurrences in the near future, the seismotectonic parameters analyzed in the scope of this study were compared with the corresponding seismological, geological, geodetical, and geochemical variables reported in the literature. This comparison showed that, firstly, our results are consistent with those reported in previous studies, and, secondly, all these variables should be interpreted in combination to correctly assess strong earthquake hazards. Furthermore, this type of multiple-parameter analysis may be important for the description of seismic, tectonic, and structural characteristics of the nature of the crust. Our findings show that almost all seismotectonic parameters indicative of anomaly regions, i.e., lower b-values, higher Z-values, high-stress distribution, and hotspots, were recorded in the same parts of the study region. Thus, the anomaly regions detected at the beginning of 2019 and between 2022 and 2032 may be considered to be potential zones of future great earthquakes. To summarize, the correlations among these variables may provide accurate information for assessing and forecasting earthquake hazards in this region.

A Qualitative Study on Mothers whose Babies in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit/ Yenidoğan Yoğun Bakım Ünitesinde Bebeği Olan Anneler Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma

We aimed to explore the feelings and thoughts of eastern Anatolian mothers whose newborns are hospitalized in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). This research employed a descriptive hermeneutical phenomenology paradigm and used semi-structured interviews with ten mothers, in one public and one private hospital located in the city of Van (Eastern Anatolia/Turkey) in March 2016. We found the main categories as “relational resilience sources”, “destructive relational sources” and “the effects of both relational sources” according to the feelings and thoughts of mothers. While mothers have mostly had unpleasant feelings about their baby’s hospitalization newborn unit, pleasant feelings also have been revealed such as a sense of gratitude or optimism. Mothers in eastern culture can trigger element of “faith” and “environmental support” among “resources of resilience” when they face this kind of challenging issue.

The Social and Economic Vulnerability of Van City Center in Terms of Earthquakes

Van kent merkezini oluşturan Tuşba, İpekyolu ve Edremit ilçelerinin deprem tehlikelerine karşı sosyal ve ekonomik zarargörebilirliğini ele alan bu araştırma, yerel ve ulusal kaynaklardan elde edilmiş verilere dayanmaktadır. Geçmişte birçok depreme maruz kalmış ve bu depremlerde büyük kayıplar vermiş Van ilinin gelecekte de benzer yıkıcı depremlere maruz kalacağını gösteren birçok araştırma bulunmaktadır. Sismik aktivitenin yoğun olduğu bir yerleşkeye kurulmuş olan kentin olası depremlere karşı her an hazır olması gerekmektedir. Araştırma kapsamında kentin zarargörebilirliğini etkileyen değişkenler uzman görüşleri etrafında belirlenmiştir. Bu değişkenlerle ilgili veriler yerel ve ulusal kaynaklardan elde edilmiştir. Ardından söz konusu veriler sayısallaştırılarak CBS/GIS programına aktarılmış ve kent merkezinin zarargörebilirlik harita ve tabloları oluşturulmuştur. Kent merkezini oluşturan 37 mahallede ikamet eden nüfusun sosyal ve ekonomik özelliklerini ortaya koyan araştırma geliştirdiği ölçek üzerinden kentin zarargörebilir yönlerini ortaya koymaktadır. Benzer araştırmalardan farklı olarak zarargörebilir unsurların kent coğrafyasına dağılımını gösteren araştırma, kent merkezinin hangi açıdan ne düzeyde zarargörebilir olduğunu açıklamaktadır. Yapılan tespitler kentin düşük eğitim özellikleri, hassas nüfus grupları ve yoksul kesimleri itibariyle zarargörebilir olduğunu göstermektedir. Özellikle okuryazar olmayan nüfus grupları, afetlerden sakınım konusunda farkındalık düzeyini olumsuz etkilemektedir. Benzer şekilde kalabalık hane nüfusu ile işsiz ve niteliksiz kadınların yoğunluğu kentin zarargörebilirliğini arttırmaktadır. Güvencesiz yaşlı nüfus ile yoğun çocuk nüfusu kenti sosyal kırılganlığını arttırmaktadır. Öte taraftan kentin ekonomik özellikleriyle de kırılgan olduğu gözlenmiştir. Nüfusun %26 (123.087) ’sı çeşitli biçimlerde vakıflardan yardım almaktadırlar. Yine vakıf verilerinden hareketle 44.360 hane ekonomik açıdan çok zayıf, zayıf veya normal kategoride olduğu gözlenmiştir. Gelir özellikleri açısından Türkiye’yi gerilerden takip eden Van Kentinde özellikle 8.273 çok zayıf veya zayıf hane mevcut halleriyle afet olmadan afet koşullarını yaşamaktadırlar. Nihayetinde birçok farklı gösterge üzerinden yapılan analizlerde Van kent merkezinin sosyal ve ekonomik açıdan kırılgan olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kent merkezinin sosyal ve ekonomik zarargörebilirliği merkez mahallelerden çevre mahallelere doğru gittikçe artmaktadır.

Clinical subtypes, seasonality, and short-term prognosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome in an Eastern city of Turkey

Background & Objective: This study aimed to analyze the frequency Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) subtypes and their relationship with clinical characteristics, seasonal variations and early prognosis in Van City, Turkey. Methods: Patients with GBS who were admitted between January 2007 and December 2017 and diagnosed with acute inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy (AIDP), acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) or acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN) were reviewed. Demographics, season of clinical onset, history and type of preceding infection, the Hughes Disability Score (HDS) at admission and discharge were recorded. Results: Of a total 100 patients, 51% was diagnosed with AIDP, 25% with AMAN and the remaining 24% with AMSAN subtype. The most common seasonal onset was during the spring (34%), followed by the fall (30%). The history of gastroenteritis (GE) was present in 26% of the patients and these patients were more likely to have AMAN and AMSAN subtypes. HDS on admission and at discharge were significantly higher in patients with AMAN and AMSAN compared to those with AIDP (p=0.003 and p<0.001, respectively). The most important predictor of poor outcome at discharge was HDS on admission explaining between 50% and 80% of the total variance. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of AMAN and AMSAN subtypes in Eastern region of Turkey. The history of GE, which is also commonly found in patients with GBS in this region, is more likely detected in patients with AMAN and AMSAN subtypes. Finally, clinical severity on admission is the most important contributor to clinical outcome at discharge.

The effect of positive error climate on affective domains in mathematics teaching

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of positive error climate in classrooms on middle school students' error orientations and attitudes towards mathematics. The data of the research were collected in the 2021-2022 academic year. The participants of the study consisted of 44 students in two 6th grade classes in a middle school in the city of Van, Türkiye. Quasi-experimental design was used in the research and the pre and post scores of the experimental and comparison groups were compared before and after the study. The data obtained using the "Mathematics Attitude Scale" and the "Error Climate Scale" were analyzed to examine the differences within and between groups. As a result of the findings, it was seen that the positive error climate in the experimental group made a positive significant difference both on the attitude towards mathematics and on error orientations of the students. No significant change was observed at the end of the study in the comparison group in which a neutral error climate was applied. The interviews with the course teacher who carried out the application and the observations made in the classroom reinforced the positive effect of the application. Positive error climate can be seen as a part of formative assessment as it has a corrective effect on teaching in the process.

Investigation of site properties of the Çaldıran (Van, Eastern Turkey) settlement area using surface wave and microtremor methods

Çaldıran (Van, eastern side of Turkey) which is a seismically very active region has more than active faults around and the areas under active tectonic effect. The earthquakes and soil characteristics are the significant factors that increase the severity of the damages ratio. For this reason, the characteristics of the engineering structure should be defined accurately and reliably. The shear wave velocity (Vs) obtained from geophysical methods is one of the most important parameters that determine the behavior of the soil during an earthquake. In this study, active and passive source surface wave methods were applied at different measurement points in the study area in order to determine soil properties of the settlement area and its surroundings in Çaldıran district the city of Van. As part of this study, 80 boreholes, 95 multichannel analysis of surface wave (MASW) profiles, and 66 microtremor (HVSR) measurements were performed in the study area. The Vs velocity with depth dependent could be determined by using the dispersive behavior of Rayleigh waves in surface wave analysis methods. In order to analyze the engineering characteristic of the region and earthquake-soil-structure relations parameters such as the amplification factor, predominant period (t0), Vs velocity, average velocity up to 30 m Vs30, and seismic vulnerability index (Kg) maps have been prepared. In order to reveal the variety of the engineering properties of the area in horizontal and vertical directions, depth cross-sections in different directions were created. When the tectonic structure and regional geology were examined, it was determined that all profile results were compatible with the geological structure.

The role of urban landscapes in the formation of urban identity and urban memory relations: the case of Van/Turkey

ABSTRACT Located on the eastern coast of Lake Van in eastern Turkey, the city of Van is home to numerous urban landscapes – both ancient and modern – that occupy important places in the city’s collective cultural memory. This study examined how information on Van’s spatial landscape was represented cognitively; by evaluating these perceptions, this study investigated the relationship between urban landscapes that could give the city and collective urban memory a particular identity. Whilst doing this, we also attempted to determine relevant emergent themes pertaining to the city. Accordingly, the information making up the personal memories of Van’s residents was holistically analysed through oral history interviews conducted with several individuals. Interviewees’ references to urban landscapes revealed that both urban memory and urban identity could be regarded as fundamental spatial elements. Emergent themes pertained primarily to recreational areas, activities performed in these areas and panoramas of water. Despite marked differences in their professions, interviewees’ memories showed numerous similarities. Although many scholars have extensively analysed urban identity and cultural landscapes, the case of Van has yet to be discussed.

The Place of Cultural Economy in Development Policies of Developing Countries: Van Province

Van city has serious socio-economic cultural development problems. Despite these problems, Van's cultural and natural diversity, as well as its potential to be an important commercial center due to its geopolitical situation, are important for the solution of extant problems. In this regard, this paper strives to examine the challenges of Van from the cultural aspect. Accordingly; in Van, the investments determined by the actors affecting the development and planning process periodically (2003-2016) were evaluated vis-à-vis the classification of cultural economy and human development index. Content analysis was used in the research. The European Union (EU) is one of the international actors in Van and the national actors are; Ministry of Development, Ministry of Interior, Ministry of Culture and Tourism, T.C. Prime Ministry General Directorate of Foundations, Eastern Anatolia Project (EAP) Regional Development Administration, Eastern Anatolia Development Agency (EADA) and Municipalities. It is seen that these are important actors in development policies and the investments they have made coincide with the strategies they have targeted. International actors prioritize social and human development investments within the framework of EU regional development policies. National actors however followed both a development model within the scope of industry, trade and services, which was predominantly based on the economic perspective, and a development model from the tourism perspective in the services class. Consequently, it is seen that development in Van is not directly evaluated from the cultural view, but evaluated together with tourism, culture is instrumentalized for tourism and cultural tourism is brought to the fore and cultural policies are developed from the tourism perspective.