Values Of TP Research Articles

Modeling induced resistance to plant disease using a dynamical systems approach

Modeling induced resistance to plant disease using a dynamical systems approach

Вегетативные корреляты индивидуальных различий временных параметров и результативности интеллектуальной деятельности человека

The individual differences of autonomic support of intellectual activity (simple and complex sensorimotor reaction, storing and reproduction to the screen of the monitor of the visual information) were studied. Intellectual computer tests passing speed is a relatively steady individual characteristic, revealed in different kinds of activity. Students who reached high speed and accuracy in performance of intellectual visually-motor tasks were characterized high lability of autonomic indices, which manifests itself in a change in the absolute values and relationship of the characteristics of heart and respiration rate in accordance with activity stages. These changes were specific for each form of activity and were connected with the results of the tests. In an initial condition these students differed high values of TP and power of LF and HF ranges of heart rate variability at a LF/HF ratio close to unity.

Autonomic correlates of individual differences in human intellectual activity

The individual differences in the autonomic support of intellectual activity, including simple and complex sensorimotor reactions, memorization and reproduction (on the screen of the monitor) of visual information, were studied. The rate of performing intellectual computer-aided tests is a relatively steady individual characteristic revealed in different kinds of activity. Students who reached a high speed and accurately performed intellectual visuomotor tasks were characterized by a high lability of autonomic indices, which manifests itself in a change in the absolute values and relationship of heart and respiration rates in accordance with activity stages. These changes were specific for each form of activity and were connected with the results of the tests. Under the initial conditions, these students were characterized by high values of TP and the power of the LF and HF ranges of heart rate variability at a LF/HF ratio close to unity.

Significant increasing of onset temperature of FM transition in LSMO thin films

La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO) thin films with a significant increased onset temperature of ferromagnetic transition were prepared using an on-axis dc magnetron sputtering from a stoichiometric ceramic target onto one-side polished MgO (001). The highest temperature of insulator-metal transition was observed at TP=416K. Magnetization hysteresis curves taken at T=398K indicate the beginning of the ferromagnetic transition above 400K. The negative magnetoresistance reaches 15% at a temperature of 400K. We show that the LSMO thin films with increased temperature values of resistance peak TP and Curie temperature TC are characteristic by a proper microstructure with distorted orthorhombic unit cells. This microstructure is developed during the layer growth, it is not caused by the underlying substrate and it is linked with an appropriate pseudocubic out-of-plane lattice parameter ac⊥, splitted Bragg reflections in rocking curves and as well as in reciprocal space maps.

Treatment of wastewater from shrimp farms using a combination of fish, photosynthetic bacteria, and vegetation

An innovative system combining fish, photosynthetic bacteria, and vegetable cultivation was used to treat the wastewater discharged from the shrimp farms. The experiment was divided into three phases, starting with photosynthetic bacteria Rhodopseudomonas palustris which are added to shrimp aquaculture wastewater at concentrations of 0.5 × 106, 1.0 × 106, 2.0 × 106, 4.0 × 106, and 8.0 × 106 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL (treatment 1, 2 3, 4, and 5, respectively) for 4 days to determine the optimal bacteria level. In the second phase, silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) were introduced at the biomass levels of 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, and 1.25 kg/m3 (treatment 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, respectively) for 7 days. In phase 3, Ipomoea aquatica, Oenanthe javanica, Lactuca sativa, and Brassica pekinensis were introduced and cultivated (treatment 11, 12, 13, 14, respectively) for 7 days. The wastewater values of TP, TN, CODCr, NH4, NO3, and NO2 were analyzed after each phase of treatment. The results showed that the wastewater quality changed drastically after the completion of all wastewater treatments. The removal rates of TP, TN, CODCr, NH4, NO3, and NO2 increased with increasing photosynthetic bacterial concentrations in Phase I. The removal rates of TP, TN, CODCr, and NO3 increased with increasing fish biomass, while the removal rates of NH4 and NO2 decreased in Phase II. The removal rates of TP, TN, NO3, and NO2 were the highest for treatment 11, while the removal rate of CODCr reached the highest value in treatment 12, and NH4 in treatment 14. I. aquatica showed the best removal of nutrients from among the four vegetables in Phase III. It is suggested that a combination photosynthetic bacteria (4.0 × 106 CFU/mL)–fish (0.75 kg/m3 silver carp)–vegetable (1.00 kg/m2Ipomoea aquatica) system could be a practical system for nutrient recycling in shrimp aquaculture wastewater on a larger scale.

Individual specificity of the autonomic support of purposive activity in students performing computer-aided tests

The autonomic correlates of individual differences in the effectiveness of purposive activity during a computer-aided sensorimotor test and computer-aided testing of the level of knowledge of students were studied. Students who reached high results of sensorimotor and academic tests were characterized by lability of autonomic indices, which manifests itself in a change in the absolute values and relationship of the characteristics of heart rate and hemodynamics in accordance with activity stages. These changes were specific for each form of activity and were connected with the results of the tests. The physiological prerequisites of the high lability of autonomic characteristics which ensures the ability of the subject to successfully adapt to the conditions of the activity included high initial values of TP and power of LF- and HF-ranges of heart rate variability at a LF/HF ratio close to unity, reflecting a high level of balanced sympathetic and parasympathetic effects on cardiovascular functions.

Closure to “New Methods for Aquifer Parameters from Slug Test Data” by Sushil K. Singh

Closure to “New Methods for Aquifer Parameters from Slug Test Data” by Sushil K. Singh

Formation and thermal properties of nanoscale Ti50Ni40Fe10 produced by mechanical alloying

The formation and thermal stability of nanoscale Ti50Ni40Fe10 powder produced by mechanical alloying was studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential calorimetry (DSC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The composition of the alloys was determined using inductively-coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP). Up to 300 h leads were milled to an almost broad diffraction hump near 2θ = 43.80°. The crystallite size, calculated using the Williamson-Hall and Scherrer methods, decreased with the milling time tm. The internal strain was about 3.19 × 10−3 for 30 h of milling. The entire mechanical alloying process can be divided into three stages: agglomeration (0 < tm ≤ 50 h), disintegration (50 < tm < 300 h), and homogenization (300 ≤ tm ≤ 400 h). The crystallite size and the saturation magnetization Ms reached values of about 2.4 nm and 5.4 emu/g at 300 h, respectively. The values of Tp and Tx were about 446.8 °C and 413.1 °C, respectively. In isothermal experiments, the signal decayed monotonically, demonstrating that the transformation process was partially a grain growth type. The peaks of NiTiO3, FeNi3, and TiO2, were observed in the XRD pattern after annealing at 1000 °C.

Water environmental capacity calculation based on uncertainty analysis: a case study in the Baixi watershed area, China

Abstract Water environmental capacity (WEC) is an important concept in environmental science. A basic theory applied in EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment), WEC is also an indispensable factor in District Environmental Planning and total water pollutant control planning. The results of most calculating methods for WECs are fixed values that correspond to designed conditions and are not practical WECs. Instead of a fixed value in calculating WEC, confidence probability and uncertainty analysis should be combined with the river model. Consequently, the feasible WEC in different hydrological periods can ensure the precision and reliability of the load allotment. In this study, a useful method, Monte Carlo simulation, was combined with a water quality model to calculate the WEC and quantify the impact of a range of input values on the WEC. A case study of nitrogen and phosphorus WEC calculation was conducted in the Baixi Reservoir watershed area in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, China. The results show that the WEC values of TN under 90% confidence probability were 5.30 T/period during the wet period, 8.35 during the dry period, and 9.83 during the middle period. In comparison, the values under 80% and 70% were 10.80, 16.39, 18.79, and 15.94, 23.99, 27.71 T/period, respectively. The WEC values of TP were also obtained. The uncertainty analysis- based WEC could help policy makers to set better goals for different hydrological periods, especially in an area dominated by non-point source pollutants.

The Influence of Green Roofs on Runoff Water Quality: A Case Study from Estonia

This paper describes the runoff water quality of Light Weight Aggregates (LWA)-based extensive green roofs and sod roofs in Estonia. Samples were taken from August 2004 to April 2009 from 10 different green roofs to determine what level of water quality may be found. The results presented here show that green roofs influenced water quality to a considerable degree. The runoff water of LWA-based green roofs generally had higher values of pH, BOD7, TP and PO4-P than that from sod roofs. However, COD, TN, SO4 and Ca-Mg salt were higher in the sod roofs than in the green roofs. The results for NH4-N and NO3-N were similar for both roof types. According to the results, the character of the runoff and the contents in the substrate layer at the moment the samples were taken affected runoff quality more than the age and location of the green roof. The use of NPK-nutrients in the substrate or in the soil caused much higher values of COD and concentrations of TP, PO4-P, TN, NH4-N and NO3-N in runoff water than on non-fertilized green roofs. The results of samples taken from the Tartu LWA-based green roof each spring in the period 2005–2009, at a time when the snow had almost melted, showed that concentrations of compounds in runoff water generally decreased gradually. The pH value and Ca-Mg salt concentration were, however, stable, and this was caused by the LWA material.

Creep Behavior of the Titanium Alloy with Zirconia Plasma Sprayed Coating

The proposal of this research has been the study of the plasma spayed coating on creep of the Ti-6Al-4V, focusing on the determination of the experimental parameters related to the first and second creep stages. Yttria (8 wt %) stabilized zirconia (YSZ) (Metco 204B-NS) with CoNiCrAlY ( AMDRY 995C) has been plasma sprayed coated on Ti-6Al-4V substrate. Creep tests with constant load had been done on Ti-6Al-4V coated samples, the stress level was from 250 to 319 MPa at 600 °C. Highest values of tp and the decrease of the second stage rate had shown a better creep resistance on coated sample. Results indicate that the coated sample was greater than uncoated sample, thus the plasma sprayed coating prevent the sample oxidation efficiently.

Trophic assessment of streams in Uruguay: A Trophic State Index for Benthic Invertebrates (TSI-BI)

Human activities are radically changing natural land cover and increasing the delivery of soil, organic compounds, nutrients, toxic agrochemicals and other contaminants to aquatic ecosystems. The eutrophication of streams, rivers, lakes, reservoirs and costal zones is one of the most important consequences of human activities. In this study we assessed the trophic status of 28 wadeable stream reaches of the Santa Lucía basin, an important economic region of Uruguay. We developed a Trophic State Index of Benthic Invertebrates (TSI-BI), the first of its kind for South American lotic systems. The methodological approach consisted of determining the ambient trophic gradient via canonical correspondence analysis based on the benthic invertebrate abundance matrix and an environmental variable matrix. The rescaled site scores served as environmental variables in the weighted averaging model (WA), to weight the benthic abundances and then find the optimum and tolerance of each of the sampled genus. These data were used to estimate the TSI-BI scores. These scores, in conjunction with the total phosphorus concentrations (TP), were used to group the study reaches when running a cluster analysis. The basic statistical parameters of the defined groups serve as an input to identify the threshold values of TP and TSI-BI corresponding with the different trophic states. The boundaries of TSI-BI and TP demarcating mesotrophic and eutrophic states were 8 and 71 μg/l, respectively, and can be considered the limits between impaired and less altered reaches. The results also indicated that the trophic status of the reaches is related to land use intensity. A change in land use management seems to be critical for the preservation of one of the most important water supply systems in Uruguay.

Differences in biochemical profiles among spawners of eight common carp breeds

Summary Eight breeds of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) spawners reared under identical conditions and sampled in spring after over-wintering were examined in order to compare their basic biochemical blood profiles. The breeds compared were: Amur wild carp (AS), Ropsha scaly carp (ROP), Ukraine scaly carp (US), Northern mirror carp (M72), South Bohemian mirror carp (BV), Israeli mirror carp (Dor 70), Hungarian mirror carp (M2) and Tata scaly carp (TAT). Significant differences were found among breeds in glucose concentration (GLU), total protein concentration (TP), triacylglycerols concentration (TAG), and calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (Pi) concentration. No differences were observed in aspartate transaminase activity (AST) or alanine aminotransferase activity (ALT). The highest glucose, total protein, and calcium (Ca) concentrations were found in AS (GLU 8.3 ± 1.2 mmol L−1, TP 32 ± 3 g L−1, Ca 2.42 ± 0.22 mmol L−1). High values of triacylglycerol concentration (TAG) were found in ROP (1.94 ± 0.52 mmol L−1). Phosphorus (Pi) concentration was highest in M2 (3.82 ± 1.34 mmol L−1). Amur wild carp and breeds originating therefrom (ROP, US, and M72) had significantly higher values of TP (P < 0.05), TAG (P < 0.05), and Ca (P < 0.01) and significantly lower values of Pi (P < 0.05) than did the other breeds. Scaly breeds had higher values of glucose (P < 0.01), TP (P < 0.01), ALT (P < 0.01), and Ca (P < 0.01) and significantly lower values of Pi (P < 0.01) than did mirror carp. Significant (P < 0.01) sex-related differences were found in GLU, TAG and Ca concentrations.

Effect of strontium doping level on electrical transport and magnetic properties of La1-xSrxMnO3 perovskite nanoparticles

La1-xSrxMnO3 (x = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) nanoparticles (LSMO NPs) were successfully synthesized by a simple sonochemical-assisted method. The prepared samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The compositions of samples were determined by energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The temperature dependence of the resistivity of samples was measured using four-probe technique, and the magnetic measurement was performed in a Magnetic Property Measurement System (MPMS XL 7.0). SEM, TEM, and XRD show that LSMO NPs are 40∼80 nm in diameter with a very clean surface, and exhibit single phase perovskite structure. The ferromagnetic transition temperature (Tc) and metal-insulator transition temperature (Tp) of the NPs increase with the doping level x. The maximum values of Tc (377 K) and Tp (264 K) occur at x = 0.3. In this work, the effect of strontium doping level on electrical transport and magnetic properties was systematically studied.

Ventricular arrhythmic disturbances and autonomic modulation after beating-heart revascularization in patients with pulmonary normotension

De-novo ventricular arrhythmias are potentially life-threatening complications after beating-heart revascularization (off-pump CABG). Whether pulmonary hypertension can influence initiation of ventricular arrhythmias through increased sympathetic activity is controversial. In order to determine the influence of pulmonary hypertension on its relative contribution to ventricular arrhythmia, we first had to define the role of cardiac autonomic modulation in patients with pulmonary normotension. We aimed to observe how parameters of linear and nonlinear heart rate variability are changed pre- and postoperatively in patients with pulmonary normotension undergoing off-pump CABG. Fifteen-minute ECG recordings were collected before and after off-pump CABG in 54 patients with multivessel coronary artery disease and pulmonary normotension to determine linear (TP, HF, LF, LF:HF ratio) and nonlinear detrended fluctuation analysis (alpha1, alpha2) and fractal dimension (average, high and low) parameters of heart rate variability. Arrhythmia was monitored preoperatively in 24-hour Holter recordings and postoperatively by continuous monitoring and clinical assessment. Deterioration from simple (Lown I-II) to complex (Lown III-V) ventricular arrhythmia was observed in 19 patients, and improvement from complex to simple arrhythmia in five patients (P = 0.022). Patients with postoperative deterioration of ventricular arrhythmia had preoperatively significantly lower values of TP, HF and LF (P = 0.024-0.043) and postoperatively significantly higher values on the low fractal dimension index (P = 0.031) than patients with postoperative improvement of arrhythmia. Patients experiencing postoperative deterioration of ventricular arrhythmia already have impaired autonomic regulation before surgery. Higher postoperative values on the low fractal dimension index indicate that sympathetic predominance with or without concomitant vagal withdrawal is the underlying neurogenic mechanism contributing to ventricular arrhythmia.

Effects of Gender and Aging on Differential Autonomic Responses to Orthostatic Maneuvers

There are gender differences in heart rate and blood pressure response to postural change. Also, normal aging is often associated with diminished cardiac autonomic modulation during postural change from supine to upright position. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms of these physiological alterations are not entirely understood. A total of 362 volunteers (206 females, age range: 10-88 years) underwent continuous, noninvasive, beat-to-beat blood pressure and ECG recordings in supine and upright position. To calculate spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), blood pressure and RR interval fluctuations were reconstructed using the time-domain sequential technique. Furthermore, mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean heart rate, and frequency-domain parameters of heart rate variability (low-frequency power [LF], low-frequency power in normalized units [LFn] high-frequency power [HF], high-frequency power in normalized units [HFn], low-/high-frequency ratio [LF/HF], and total power [TP]) were analyzed in both supine and standing positions. To investigate age-related differences, subjects were divided into four equally sized groups (quartile l: 10-33 years; ll: 34-42 years; III: 43-57 years; and lV: 58-88 years), as well as decades (l: 10-19 years; ll: 20-29 years; lll: 30-39 years; lV: 40-49 years; V: 50-59 years; Vl: 60-69 years; Vll: >or= 70 years). A continuous decline in BRS, LF, HF, and TP was observed with increasing age in both male and female subjects, regardless of posture. Gender comparison showed significantly higher values of LF (supine P < 0.001; upright P < 0.05), LFn (supine P < 0.001; upright P < 0.01), and TP (supine P < 0.05; upright P < 0.05) in men than women in supine and standing positions. HF revealed no gender difference and HFn (supine P < 0.001; upright P < 0.05) was larger in women. Log BRS correlated well with log LF and log HF in both supine and standing positions. There are significant differences in postural cardiac autonomic modulation between men and women, and the degree of autonomic response to orthostatic maneuvers varies with normal aging. These results may explain gender- and age-related differences in orthostatic tolerance.

Effect of Processing Conditions on the Crystallization Behavior and Destabilization Kinetics of Oil‐in‐Water Emulsions

AbstractThe objective of this research was to systematically study the effect of processing conditions on the crystallization behavior and destabilization mechanisms of oil‐in‐water emulsions. The effect of crystallization temperature (Tc) and homogenization conditions on both thermal behavior and destabilization mechanisms were analyzed. Results show that the crystallization of lipids present in the emulsions was inhibited when compared with bulk lipids as evidenced by a lower onset and peak temperature (Ton and Tp, respectively) in differential scanning calorimetry crystallization exotherms. The smaller the droplet size in the emulsion, the more significant the inhibition (lower Ton and Tp). Lower values of Ton and Tp were not necessarily indicators of emulsion stability. Homogenization conditions not only affected the Ton and Tp of crystallization but also the crystallization profile of the samples. Lipids present in emulsions with small droplets were crystallized and melted in a less fractionated manner when compared to lipids in bigger droplets or even to the bulk lipids. The amount of lipid crystallized as evidenced by enthalpy values, did not have a direct relationship with the emulsions stability. Although enthalpy values increased as Tc decreased, the destabilization kinetics did not follow the same tendency as evidenced by back scattering measurements.

Changes in biomass, chemical composition and nutritive value of Spartina alterniflora due to organic pollution in the Itanhaém River Basin (SP, Brazil)

We compared the values of the biomass, chemical composition and nutritive value of the emergent aquatic macrophyte S. alterniflora in a river affected by the discharge of domestic sewage (Guaú River) and in an unpolluted river (Itanhaém River). S. alterniflora, water and sediment samples were obtained in the two rivers in November, 2001. The Guaú River presented the highest levels of Total-N and Total-P in the water (415 and 674 microg.L(-1), respectively) and in the sediment (0.25 e 0.20% of the Dry Mass, respectively), when compared to the water (TN = 105 microg.L(-1); TP = 20 microg.L(-1)) and the sediment (NT = 0.12% DM; PT = 0.05% DM) of the Itanhaém River. Aerial (316 g DM.m(-2)) and subterraneous (425 g DM.m(-2)) biomass of S. alterniflora were significantly higher in the Guaú River than in the Itanhaém River (146 and 115 g DM.m(-2), respectively). In addition, the values of TN, protein, TP, lipids and soluble carbohydrates were significantly higher in S. alterniflora biomass from the Guaú River. On the other hand, the values of the polyphenols and the cell wall fraction were significantly higher in the biomass of S. alterniflora from the Itanhaém River. We concluded that domestic sewage discharge in water bodies may increase the biomass and change the chemical composition of S. alterniflora. The high N and P availability in the water of the Guaú River is probably the cause of the higher biomass, TN, TP, protein, lipids and soluble carbohydrates measured in S. alterniflora in this river.

Nutritional support treatment for severe chronic hepatitis and posthepatitic cirrhosis

The therapeutic effectiveness of nutritional support in the treatment of severe chronic hepatitis and posthepatitic cirrhosis was evaluated. 143 patients with severe chronic hepatitis and 83 with posthepatitic cirrhosis were evaluated with SGA for assessing the nutritional status before the treatment. Patients with severe chronic hepatitis were divided into three groups: group A subject to enteral nutrition (EN) and parenteral nutrition (PN), group B subject to comprehensive treatment (CT)+PN; group C subject to CT+EN. The patients with posthepatitic cirrhosis were divided into two groups: group D receiving CT and group E receiving CT+PN+EN. The function of liver and kidney and nutritional status were monitored to assess the therapy in 6 weeks. The results showed before treatment, over 90 % patients had moderate to severe malnutrition. After nutritional support, the liver function (ALT, T-bil) and nutritional status (TP, TC) in group A was improved significantly as compared with that in groups B and C (P<0.05). Compared with group D, the values of TP and Alb were increased significantly in group E (P<0.05), but the levels of ALT, AST and T-bil had no obvious change. It was suggested that most patients with severe chronic hepatitis or posthepatitic cirrhosis had malnutrition to varying degrees. The nutritional support treatment could obviously improve the nutritional status of these patients, and was helpful to ameliorate the liver function of the patients with severe chronic hepatitis. Among the methods of nutritional support treatment, PN combined with EN had the best effectiveness.

Discussion of “Parameter Estimation of Beta Distribution for Unit Hydrograph Derivation” by P. K. Bhunya, S. K. Mishra, C. S. P. Ojha, and Ronny Berndtsson

The authors have presented equations for obtaining parameters of -UH from known values of qp and tp. They have also used Singh’s 2000 approach for obtaining gamma UHs for comparing it to -UHs. I appreciate the authors’ efforts in this direction. However, I put forward my few concerns for the authors’ and readers’ consideration. Prediction for ungauged basins is not specific only to developing countries; an SUH as a tool for predicting runoff is useful and important irrespective of economic conditions of countries. Eqs. 2 and 3 as proposed by Singh 2000 are dimensionally homogeneous and hence applicable for consistent units of qp and tp dimensions of qp and tp are T−1 and T , respectively . Specifying “hour” as the unit of time for the applicability of these equations is not appropriate. Nondimensional analysis does not seem to have been performed; specific unit for a parameter of Eq. 6 has been stated for its applicability. The parameter b in Eq. 6 is a dimensional quantity while all other parameters of this distribution in Eq. 4 are dimensionless. The authors mention that it is difficult to estimate Cp; however, a procedure for its estimation from catchment characteristics has been given by Singh 2000 . Viessman et al. 1977 mentioned that Cp and Ct vary from region to region; only recently, Singh 2000 showed that these vary from catchment to catchment even within the same region. A much simpler procedure for obtaining UH and then runoff than that proposed by the authors is available see Singh 2000 , the calculations for which can be performed on a calculator or a spreadsheet. The time base of UH, i.e., tB, has been defined as a parameter of -distribution. Since transforming rainfall into runoff is a continuous process, it is rather subjective to define tB in a physical sense. It may be taken as time to reach a direct runoff value expressed as a certain percentage of the peak, say 1–5%. A gamma UH has no such problem. Eqs. 12a–c show only the nondimensional groups and not the equation obtained using Buckingham -theorem. The conditions given by the authors for symmetric and asymmetric shape of -distribution do not seem to be correct; this needs to be reexamined. Singh 2000 defined as the shape parameter of gamma UH, which depends on catchment characteristics and does not incorporate the storage property of the catchment. Eq. 22 is not correct. Its correct form would be