Sodium Absorption Ratio Values Research Articles

Available Cd content of salt-affected and normal soils of Halastra-Kalohori area

A survey was conducted in order to evaluate the levels of available (DTPA extractable) Cd in salt affected and normal soils of Halastra−Kalohori area, located in N. Greece. In this area, phosphogypsum (PG) (a byproduct of P fertilizer industry, occasionally enriched with Cd) has been used as amendment for the salt affected soils, for at least 20 years until 2000. The area is about 6300 ha, and 4500 ha were cultivated with rice. Soil samples were collected from 632 points and four depths (0−25, 25−50, 50−75, 75−100 cm), during 2003 and 2004. All soil samples were analyzed for particle size distribution, pH in the paste, electrical conductivity of the saturation extract (ECe), water soluble Na, Ca and Mg, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and exchangeable Na. The sodium absorption ratio (SAR) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) were calculated. The 632 soils were characterized as salt affected (saline, saline−sodic, sodic) or normal, using the values of EC, SAR and ESP, and pH. In addition, the soil samples collected from the 0−25 and 25−50 cm depths were analyzed for DTPA extractable Cd and Olsen P. All soils were alkaline in reaction. In most of the cases, concentrations of DTPA extractable Cd in the 0−25 cm depth were higher than in the 25−50 cm depth and the mean values differed significantly (p < 0.001). For both depths, concentrations of DTPA extractable Cd were higher for salt affected than normal soils and the mean values within each depth differed significantly (p < 0.001). This could be attributed to the use of PG as soil amendment. In addition, a significant and positive relationship was obtained for DTPA extractable Cd and ECe (r = 0.31, p < 0.001). However, DTPA extractable Cd ranged at levels similar or lower to those reported in the literature for cultivated soils with high P fertilization, in almost all cases. This is something to be expected since 80 % of all soils were sufficient or over−fertilized with P (Olsen P > 15 mg kg−1). A significant and positive relationship, obtained for DTPA extractable Cd and Olsen P (r = 0.47, p < 0.001), supported the conclusion that the source of DTPA extractable Cd could also be traced to the long−term P fertilization. Concentrations of DTPA extractable Cd were significantly (p < 0.001) correlated with certain soil properties that affect Cd availability to plants, such as pH (r = −0.26), clay content (r = 0.22) and CEC (r = 0.26).

Spatio-Temporal Assessment and Water Quality Characteristics of Lake Tiga, Kano, Nigeria

The physico-chemical water quality of Lake Tiga was monitored over a two-year period (March 2009- March 2011) in order to bridge the information gap on its limnology and assess its physico-chemical condition. Turbidity, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) saturation and organic matter were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the rainy season than in the dry season, while pH and Biological Oxygen Demand were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the dry season than in the rainy season. Apparent colour, Total Solids (TS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), K + , Cl - , total acidity, total hardness, NO3 - and PO4 3- decreased (p<0.05) from the riverine section towards the dam site, while water transparency, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), SO4 2- and Mg 2+ showed an increase (p<0.05) from the riverine section towards the dam site. Apparent colour, TS, TSS, total acidity, total hardness, Ca 2+ , NO3 - and PO4 3- increased (p<0.05) from the surface down to the bottom, while pH, Mg 2+ and DO decreased (p<0.05) from the surface down to the bottom at the lacustrine section of the lake. Cluster analysis of the parameters showed major clusters between the major ions (Ca 2+ , Na + , K + , Cl - , HCO3 - ) and the general chemical characteristics (TDS, alkalinity, conductivity, acidity and hardness) and also between the nutrient compounds (Organic matter, NO3 - and PO4 3- ) and the hydro- physical parameters (TS, TSS, apparent colour, true colour and turbidity). The water quality indices and sodium absorption ratio values in the sampled stations indicated that the water is most suitable for probable applications at the lacustrine section, towards the dam site.

Seasonal variation of groundwater quality in a part of Vadodara District for irrigation, Gujarat, India

The area in Vadodara district, Gujarat, India, is selected to discuss the impact of seasonal variation of groundwater quality on irrigation, where the agriculture is the main livelihood of rural people and the groundwater is the main source for irrigation and drinking. Groundwater samples collected seasonally, pre and post-monsoons, during three years from Twenty five wells in the area were analyzed for pH, EC, TDS, TH, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , K + , CO3 2− , HCO3 − , Cl − , SO4 2− , NO3 − and F − .Various tools such as Electrical conductivity (EC), Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), United States Salinity Laboratory (USSL) were used to evaluate the quality of water and its suitability for irrigation purposes. Results of SAR shows that many of the wells during premonsoon illustrate high values indicating the unsuitable nature of groundwater for irrigation but during post monsoon, SAR values found to be decreased due to the dilution effect of precipitation by monsoon.

Evaluation of groundwater quality in the Cihanbeyli basin, Konya, Central Anatolia, Turkey

The Cihanbeyli basin is located in the northern part of Konya in the Central Anatolian region, Turkey and is characterized by semi-arid climatic conditions and scarcity in water resources. The suitability of groundwater quality for drinking and agricultural purposes in the Cihanbeyli basin was assessed by measuring physicochemical parameters, including major cation and anion compositions, pH, total dissolved solid, electrical conductivity, and total hardness. For this purpose, 54 samples were collected from different sources viz. deep wells, shallow wells, and springs. Results from hydrochemical analyses reveal that groundwater is mostly affected by salty and gypsiferous lithologies. Evaporite minerals such as gypsum, anhydrite, and chloride salts make high contributions from the recharge areas (west, northwest, and southwest parts) toward the discharge area (central and eastern parts). High values of total dissolved solids in groundwater are associated with high concentrations of all major ions. A comparison of groundwater quality in relation to drinking water standards showed that most of the water samples are not suitable for drinking. Based on sodium absorption ratio values and percent sodium, salinity appears to be responsible for the poor groundwater quality, rendering most of the samples unsuitable for irrigation usage. It is concluded that evaporation and mineral dissolution are the main processes that determine major ion compositions.

Hydrochemical Characteristics of Groundwater for Domestic and Irrigation Purposes in Dwarakeswar Watershed Area, India

The Hydrochemical study was carried out in Dwarakeswar watershed area, Bankura and Purulia districts, West Bengal, India, with an objective of understanding the suitability of local groundwater quality for domestic and irrigation purposes. Groundwater samples have been collected from different villages within Dwarakeswar watershed area. The samples have been analysed to determine physical parameters like pH, EC, TDS and Hardness, the chemical parameters like Na, K, Ca, Fe, HCO3, SO4 and Cl. From the analysed data, some parameters like Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Total Hardness (TH), Magnesium Absorption Ration (MAR) and Kelly’s Ratio (KR) have also been determined. The distribution pattern of TDS and chlorides, which are the general indicators of groundwater quality reveals that on an average the ground water is fresh and potable except the ground water in and around Teghari, Gara and Satyatan Primary school where the groundwater is not potable and may affect the health of local population because concentration of TDS exceeds the desirable limits of 500 mg/L. The aerial distribution of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) reveals that highest concentration is recorded at Gara and Teghri and the lowest concentrations is noted in Suburdih and Kalabani. SAR values were ranged between 0.09 - 0.54 meq/L in pre monsoon and 0.01 - 0.24 meq/L in post-monsoon. It is evident from the whole sample set that the SAR value is excellent in all the samples. Hence, our findings strongly suggest that all the abstracted groundwater samples from the study area were suitable for irrigation. Results of analyses for physical and chemical parameters of groundwater in this area was found to be within the desirable Bureau of Indian Standards and World Health Organisation limits for drinking water.

Hydrochemical analysis and evaluation of groundwater quality of a Mio-Plio-Quaternary aquifer system in an arid regions: case of El Hancha, Djebeniana and El Amra regions, Tunisia

A hydrogeochemical approach has been carried out in the Mio-Plio-Quaternary aquifer system of northern Sfax to investigate the geochemical evolution, the origin of groundwaters and their circulation patterns. The groundwater samples collected from different wells seem to be dominated by sodium chloride type to sulphate chloride type. Detail analysis of chemical data including the thermodynamic calculations was used to assess that the chemical evolution of groundwater is primarily controlled by water–rock interactions. The values of sodium absorption ratio and electrical conductivity of the groundwater were plotted in the US Salinity Laboratory diagram for irrigation water. Most of the water samples in northern Sfax fall in the fields of C4S1, C4S2 and C4S3 indicating very high salinity and medium to high sodium alkalinity hazard. Thus, groundwater quality is ranging between doubtful to unsuitable for irrigation uses under normal condition, and further action for salinity control is required in remediating such problem. Principal component analysis of geochemical data used in conjunction with bivariate diagrams of major elements indicates that groundwater mineralization is mainly controlled by (1) water–rock interaction processes, (2) anthropogenic process in relation with return flow of NO3-rich irrigation waters and (3) domestic discharges.

Hydrochemical profile for assessing the groundwater quality of Sambhar lake City and its Adjoining area

Quality assessment of water is essential to ensure sustainable safe use of it for drinking, agricultural, and industrial purposes. For the same purpose the study was conducted for the samples of water of Sambhar lake city and its adjoining areas. The standard methods of APHA were used to analysis 15 samples collected from hand pumps and tube wells of the specified area. The analytical results show higher concentration of total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity sodium, nitrate, sulfate, and fluoride, which indicate signs of deterioration but values of pH, calcium, magnesium, total hardness, and carbonate are within permissible limits as per WHO standards. From the Hill-piper trilinear diagram, it is observed that the majority of groundwater from sampling stations are sodium-potassium-chloride-sulfate type water. The values of sodium absorption ratio and electrical conductivity of the groundwater were plotted in the US salinity laboratory diagram for irrigation water. Only the one sample fall in C(3)S(1) quality with high salinity hazard and low sodium hazard. Other samples fall in high salinity hazard and high sodium hazard. Chemical analysis of groundwater shows that mean concentration of cation is in order sodium > magnesium > calcium > potassium while for the anion it is chloride > bicarbonate > nitrate > sulfate.

Characterization and recycling of waste water from guayule latex extraction

Guayule commercialization for latex production to be used in medical products and other high value applications is now a reality. Currently, wastewater following latex extraction is discharged into evaporation ponds. As commercialization reaches an increased scale, the liquid waste stream from latex extraction will become an environmental and cost issue. The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the properties of the liquid waste streams after latex extraction, (2) determine if the waste liquids could be reused, and (3) determine if any of the waste liquid could be recycled for latex extraction. Waste liquid was collected from three waste stream sources (W1–W3) from the pilot latex extraction facility operated during 2006 and analyzed for nutrient content, sodium absorption ratio (SAR), and pH. The SAR for W1 indicated it was acceptable for irrigation use. The high SAR values for W2 and W3 indicated they could not be used for irrigation because the high Na content would adversely affect soil properties. The N content of the waste liquid averaged about 0.2%, and the K values were between 500 and 600 ppm. The solids in W1 and the unpleasant odor characteristic of the waste liquid were overcome by lowering the pH of the waste liquid from over 10 to less than 7. Based on the SAR analyses, six treatments were developed for evaluating the potential for recycling W2 and W3 in the latex extraction process. Results showed that using the treatments comprised of the W2 and W3 waste streams recycled to the extraction process resulted in a lowered SAR of the waste liquid being discharged (26.95–10.5). Based on our results it might be possible to recover latex from the waste liquid by recycling. More importantly, none of the treatments associated with recycling reduced latex recovery. Reuse and recycling the waste liquids would reduce the amount of waste liquid discharged by 50% and the initial amount of extraction solution by 80%. In conclusion, results from this study show that (1) W1 can be used for irrigation after treatment and (2) recycling W2 and W3 for latex extraction is possible.

A hydrochemical profile for assessing the groundwater quality of Jaipur City

A study was conducted to evaluate the water quality of Jaipur City. Groundwater samples from hand pumps and tube wells of eleven sampling stations were analyzed during monsoon session with the help of standard methods of APHA. The analytical results shows higher concentration of total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, total hardness and nitrate, which indicate signs of deterioration but values of pH, calcium, magnesium, sulphate and fluoride are within permissible limit as per WHO standards. From the Hill-Piper trilinear diagram, it is observed that the majority of ground water from sampling stations are calcium-magnesium-chloride-sulphate type water. The values of sodium absorption ratio and electrical conductivity of the ground water were plotted in the US salinity laboratory diagram for irrigation water. Most of the samples fall in C3S1 quality with high salinity hazard and low sodium hazard. Chemical analysis of groundwater shows that mean concentration of cation (in meq/l) is in order magnesium > sodium > calcium > potassium while for the anion (in meq/l) it is chloride > bicarbonate > sulphate > nitrate > carbonate > fluoride.

SUITABILITY ASSESSMENT OF SHALLOW GROUNDWATER FOR AGRICULTURE IN SAND DUNE AREA OF NORTHWEST HONSHU ISLAND, JAPAN

Groundwater quality is an inevitable factor for sustainable agriculture as a source of irrigation water. Therefore, the study was conducted in an irrigated sand dune area of northwest Honshu island in Japan to evaluate the groundwater quality for irrigation. Three observation wells were installed in the investigated field made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe with three plastic tubes to collect groundwater of 2.0 m, 2.5 m and 3.0 m. The sampling was performed every month from January to November, 2005. Assessment of groundwater quality was performed on the basis of total dissolved solids (TDS), concentration of sodium (Na), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), total hardness (HT) and concentration of phosphate phosphorus (PO4-P). Total dissolved solids in groundwater was ranged between 145.5-249.4 mg l -1 during the investigation period, revealed that irrigation using groundwater of the study area would not cause salinity hazards. Concentrations of Na, Ca, and Mg were decreased with depth throughout the investigation period. The average concentration of Na and SAR value were 18.8 mg l -1 and 0.81, respectively. Since groundwater of the study area contained low concentration of Na with low SAR values, there would not be any possibility of sodium hazards from irrigation using groundwater. On average groundwater of the study area contained 27.5 mg l -1 Ca and 9.35

The Main Ion Concentrations in Surface Soil Layer in Nam Dinh Province of the Red River Delta, Northern Vietnam

This study aims to clarify the main ion concentrations in paddy field surface soil from 0 to 100cm in depth along the coast of the Red River Delta, Northern Vi etnam, represented by Nam Dinh Province. There is a relation between total dissolved solid (TDS) and Na+concentration. Na+and Cl- concentrations in paddy fields increase gradually and the abundance of Cl- concentration in soil proclaims the influence of seawater intrusion. Washing is reported to reduce the high salinity in the cultivation-layer soil of paddy fields. Furthermore, the impact of seawater intrusion on soil salinity of coastal paddy fields has been considered. The top soil layer of coastal salt-affected paddy fields has the highest sodium absorption ratio (SAR) values, and shows the strongest salinity influence in both the flood season and the dry season. Soil samples near the Day River mouth have high SAR values with considerable Na+ concentrations in the dry season. The exchange selectivity between Ca2+, Mg2+and Na+ has also been studied by considering changes in the SAR under different conditions of soil composition and land cover. In coastal agricultural land, the SAR in the surface soil layer can be used to evaluate the influence of salinity. The SAR in cultivated soil is used to assess the influence of salinity problems on the paddy field.

Changes in soils irrigated with saline groundwater containing excess bicarbonate

Changes in soil properties caused by irrigation with saline groundwater (approx. 2 dS/m) containing excess bicarbonate were measured on Vertosols and Sodosols in the West Wimmera, Victoria, Australia. Irrigation caused soil pH to increase, and where this had risen sufficiently (approx. 8.0), the sodium absorption ratio (SAR) of 1 : 5 soil extracts also increased, presumably due to precipitation of calcium and magnesium carbonates. Salt only accumulated when the SAR of 1 : 5 soil extracts was high. In contrast to previous studies, SAR of the soil extracts was not correlated with exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of the exchange complex, nor with soil pH. SAR values rose with irrigation once pH exceeded 8, suggesting that carbonate formation was incomplete due to insufficient bicarbonate. The results imply that gypsum application may ameliorate soil properties even if amounts applied are not sufficient to alter ESP.

Effects of long-term irrigation with reclaimed water on soils of the Northern Adelaide Plains, South Australia

On a small scale, reclaimed water (RCW) use has been practised on the Northern Adelaide Plains (NAP) horticultural districts for more than 28 years. The RCW has had approximately 1.7 times the salinity and twice the sodium absorption ratio (SAR) of bore water commonly used for irrigation in the district. Recently, a large-scale reclamation scheme has been commissioned which could eventually supply approximately 30 GL of RCW to over 250 growers on the NAP. This study compared historical water quality and time of use data with physico-chemical properties of soil cores taken from sites where reclaimed (RCW-irrigated) or bore water had been used for irrigation, or sites that had not been irrigated (virgin). The aim was to determine if current farming practices irrigating with RCW could, now or in the future, lead to a decrease in yields through detrimental increases in soil salinity, sodicity, and boron (B) concentrations, and to determine if these changes were significantly different from bore-irrigated or virgin sites. Data suggested that changes in soil salinity and B concentration from RCW use would not decrease yields. However, changes in soil SAR had the potential to restrict drainage and consequently increase salinity; although a more functional critical SAR value for the NAP soils needs to be defined to assess this potential. These findings suggest that farming methods, in the 1967–95 period, did not address the physico-chemical changes associated with the use of more sodic RCW. Considering the future scale of RCW use, the SAR of the irrigation water may need to be decreased and/or appropriate farming methods developed and practised with the use of RCW to protect these soils for future horticultural activities. A low cost soil test, using a simple 1 : 5 soil : water extract was compared with accepted soil extracts (for assessing detrimental physico-chemical soil changes) and is proposed as a grower management tool to assist in monitoring the physico-chemical changes of the NAP soils.

Prospects of groundwater quality for irrigation in central tracts of Lalitpur region, Uttar Pradesh, India

The quality of selected bored well and dug well waters from the central tracts of the Lalitpur region in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India, was investigated for irrigation purposes. The study area is situated within the latitudes 24° 35' N and 24° 43' N, and the longitudes 78° 20' 41" E and 78° 30' E in the basin of the Shahzad River, which is a tributary of the Betwa River. Granites and gneisses of Archaean age are exposed in various parts of the area.&#x0D; The selected groundwater samples were analysed for major cations, anions, trace elements, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), permeability index (Pl), and sodium per cent (SP). The analysed data were plotted on Wilcox and U.S. salinity diagrams to evaluate chemical quality of groundwater for irrigation. The SAR values (ranging from 0.47 to 79) are within the permissible limits. A majority of samples (i.e., 57.5%) belong to C3-S, class whereas remaining samples (42.5%) fall in C2-S1 class. Plots of SP against EC indicate that a large number of samples (67.5%) fall within Excellent to Good type of water whereas remaining samples lie within Good to Permissible type. Hence the water can be used for all types of crop on soils of medium to high permeability.

Quantitative study of piping processes in badland areas of the Ebro Basin, NE Spain

In the Ebro Basin, piping is an ubiquitous erosion process in badland areas, occurring in two main situations: on slopes of exposed Tertiary clays and in recently incised silty-clay Holocene valley-fill sediments. The quantitative importance of the main factors controlling piping processes in those conditions was obtained by statistical analysis based on multiple and stepwise regressions. Piping erosion is strongly related to a high sodium absorption ratio (SAR) which favours clay dispersion. However, the statistical analysis indicates that the chemical characteristics and the physical-chemical behaviour are a necessary condition but are not sufficient on their own to develop piping processes. On the slopes, piping is controlled by the physical and chemical properties of the material such as the dispersion index, the granulometric fraction smaller than 4 μm, pH and crack density. In the valley-fill sediments, piping is mainly controlled by the sulphate concentration in the water extract from saturated paste, which is also associated with high SAR values, and the dispersion index. In both geomorphic situations, piping is always related to high crack density and high topographic gradient.

Prediction of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity changes of a loamy soil in different salt solutions by using the equivalent salt solutions concept

Equivalent salt solutions series have been previously defined as solutions with combinations of sodium absorption ratio (SAR) and electrolyte concentration (E,) producing the same extent of clay swelling in a given soil. These equivalent salt solutions series values have yielded satisfactory predictions of changes in saturated hydraulic conductivity, with changes in salt solution composition and concentrations. In the present study, previously published data on changes in saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivities of Gilat soil in salt solutions of cationic ratio 0-50 (mmol dm-3)1/2 and electrolyte concentration 2-50 (m.e. dm-3) were used to compare the equivalent salt solution series values for hydraulic conductivities at different water contents. The equivalent salt solution series causing a given change in saturated hydraulic conductivity of a loamy Gilat soil were derived. These equivalent salt solution values were used to predict the unsaturated hydraulic conductivities of this soil at low water contents. Predictions of unsaturated conductivity at relative water contents (�) ranging from 0.80 to 0.20 agreed closely with the measured values. Coefficients log a1 and b1 for Gilat soil, in the equation log Ec = log a1+b1 log SAR, relating the Ec and SAR values of each equivalent salt solutions series were determined at � values between 1.00 and 0.20. The relationship between log a1 and bl was similar at all water contents, in agreement with the equivalent salt solutions concept. Therefore, equivalent salt solution parameters derived from saturated hydraulic conductivity measurements could be used to predict changes in unsaturated conductivities and hence flow rates of saline water under specified boundary conditions.

Relationship between equivalent salt solution series of different soils

SUMMARYEquivalent salt solution series have been previously defined as solutions with combinations of sodium absorption ratio (SAR) and electrolyte concentration (Ec) producing the same extent of clay swelling in a given soil. The present study shows that there is a high (r2&gt;0.96) positive correlation between log Ec and log SAR of equivalent salt solutions series, in the equation: image where a1 and b1 are constants for each equivalent salt solution series for a given soil.Log a1 could also be represented as a linear function of b1 resulting in the equation: image where a2 and b2 are constants for a given soil. Solving this equation using any given value of b1 yields the combinations of SAR and Ec which make up each equivalent salt solution series for a given soil. The relationship between log a1 and b2 for three soils from western United States, namely Waukena, Pachappa and Grangeville, was similar, with their combined data having a r2 value of 0.96. This indicated that a single set of equivalent salt solution series values could be used for these three soils which have different clay contents and clay mineralogy.Prediction of hydraulic conductivity decreases with Ec reduction at given values of SAR in red‐brown and alluvial soils from southern Tasmania, using the equivalent salt solution series values for Waukena soil, showed similar patterns to measured values and also to those predicted using the equivalent salt solution values applicable to the respective Tasmanian soils.Thus, available data indicate that the same set of equivalent salt series could be applied to the five soils studied. If further testing shows that a single set of equivalent salt solutions values could be applied to all or large groups of soils, this would facilitate the application of the equivalent salt solution concept to predict salt solution flow in the field.

Further examination of the use of the equivalent salt solutions method for predicting hydraulic conductivity of soils for different salt solutions

Hydraulic conductivities of Pachappa and Waukena soils for different salt solutions, predicted by the equivalent salt solution methods, showed satisfactory agreement with measured values. The values of equivalent salt solutions for these soils were calculated from macroscopic swelling values of extracted clays. The equivalent salt solution method and the simplified domain model method of McNeal predicted equally accurately, the changes in hydraulic conductivities of Pachappa soil in salt solutions with sodium absorption ratio values from 15 to 100.

Effect of salt solution composition on moisture release curves of soil

A pore size index was used to express quantitatively the relative decrease in size of common pore of confined columns of krasnozem, red-brown and alluvial soils, with reduction in electrolyte concentration of percolating solutions of a given sodium absorption ratio (SAR). The pore size index of red-brown and alluvial soils decreased markedly with reduction in electrolyte concentration, especially in solutions of high SAR. In the krasnozem soil the pore size index remained fairly constant for a wide range of salt solutions. Moisture release curves of red-brown soil for solutions of decreasing electrolyte concentration and constant SAR and for solutions of increasing SAR and constant electrolyte concentration can be used in combination to obtain moisture release curves of this soil for solutions at any intermediate values of SAR and electrolyte concentration. They also reveal the pattern of volume change of different sized pores.

Assessment of quality and suitability of groundwater resources for industrial and irrigation purposes, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia

The groundwater demand of Dire Dawa has increased recently due to the expansion of irrigation and the industrial sector in the city. Groundwater used for irrigation and industry was studied. Eighty-two samples were used to analyze physicochemical using different indices like Langelier index (LSI), Ryznar index (RSI), Aggressive index (AI) and Larson-Skold index (LRI). Parameters of Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Dissolved Sodium (%Na), Magnesium hazard (%Mg) statistical and spatial distributions were analyzed and programmed with Excel, Arc GIS, and Diagrams software. Results showed that pH, Mg2+, Cl- were found to be within the limit for industrial use. The groundwater corrosion indices mean values of LSI, RSI, AI, and LRI obtained were 0.29 ± 0.28, 6.4 ± 0.5, 12.20 ± 0.24 and 1.4±1.57, respectively. LSI, RSI results indicated a moderate scale-forming tendency of the groundwater. AI values were within low to no corrosion rates in all zones. Because of Cl- and SO42-, LSI showed some localized corrosion properties at kebele 01 and 09. Parameters like pH, Conductivity, Na+, HCO3- and Cl- ion were within permissible limits for irrigation. The irrigation indices (meq/l); SAR, RCS, Na% and Mg Hazard were calculated to be 1.33, -2.17, 21.5%, 45%, respectively. The EC was within the permissible limit but was significant. The low values of SAR, RCS, Na% indicated that the groundwater can cause lower alkalization (Sodium hazard) effect. In conclusion, all the parameters of the groundwater sources were categorized as good for irrigation. However, corrosion indices elaborated the groundwater scaling problems and may also be aggravated with temperature and heat-related industrial equipment.