Values Of Respiratory Muscle Strength Research Articles

Effect of Swimming Exercise on Respiratory Muscle Strength and Respiratory Functions in Children with Autism.

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of swimming exercise on respiratory muscle strength and respiratory functions in children with autism. Autism is a mental disorder that affects many areas such as sensory, cognitive, motor, and psycho-motor development in individuals. For this purpose, 15 individuals with autism, 8 of which were in the experimental group and 7 in the control group, participated in the study. The experimental group was subjected to swimming exercise for 1 hour, 3 days a week, for 6 weeks. The control group was not included in this exercise. Respiratory muscle strength and pulmonary function tests were applied to both groups before and after the 6-week period. The obtained data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences Program Version 22.0. Values were presented as minimum, maximum, mean, standard deviation, and standard error. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to test for normality. Paired-sample t-test was used for pre-test and post-test, and independent-sample t-test was used for intergroup analysis. At the end of 6 weeks, according to the statistical analysis data, there was a significant difference in some of the respiratory function parameters of the experimental group (P < .05), and an improvement was observed in the respiratory muscle strength values, but no significant difference was found (P > .05). No significant difference was found in the respiratory functions of the control group as a result of respiratory muscle strength measurements (P > .05). As a result, we can say that swimming exercise is effective in improving respiratory muscle strength and respiratory functions in children with autism.

Reference Respiratory Muscle Strength Values and a Prediction Equation Using Physical Functions for Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Korea.

In Korea, tests for evaluating respiratory muscle strength are based on other countries' clinical experience or standards, which can lead to subjective evaluations. When evaluating respiratory function based on the standards of other countries, several variables, such as the race and cultures of different countries, make it difficult to apply these standards. The purpose of this study was to propose objective respiratory muscle strength standards and predicted values for healthy Korean adults based on age, height, weight, and muscle strength, by measuring maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), and peak cough flow (PCF). This cross-sectional study analyzed MIP, MEP, and PCF in 360 people, each group comprising 30 adult men and women aged 20-70, diagnosed as healthy after undergoing medical check-ups at a general hospital. Hand grip strength (HGS) and the five times sit-to-stand test (FTSST) results were also recorded. Correlations among respiratory muscle strength, participant demographics, and overall muscle strength were evaluated using Pearson's correlation analysis. The predicted values of respiratory muscle strength were calculated using multiple regression analysis. Respiratory muscle strength differed from the values reported in studies from other countries. In the entire samples, both MIP and MEP had the highest correlations with peak HGS (r = 0.643, r = 0.693; P < 0.05), while PCF had the highest correlation with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (r = 0.753; P < 0.05). Age, body mass index, peak HGS, and FTSST results were independent variables affecting respiratory muscle strength. A predictive equation for respiratory muscle strength was developed using the multiple regression equation developed in this study. Respiratory muscle strength index may differ by country. For more accurate diagnoses, standard values for each country are required. This study presents reference values for Korea, and a formula for estimation is proposed when no respiratory muscle strength measurement equipment is available. Clinical Research Information Service Identifier: KCT0006778.

Ankilozan Spondilitli Hastaların Solunum Fonksiyonları ve Solunum Kas Kuvvetlerinin Egzersiz Kapasitesi ile Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi

This study aims to examine the effects of impaired respiratory functions and respiratory muscle strength (RMS) on exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). In the study, 28 AS patients (female: 20, male: 8; age: 41.93±9.49) and 28 healthy individuals (female: 20, male: 8; age: 39.61±10.78) were evaluated. Descriptive information, clinical histories and chest expansion measurements of the patients were obtained. Respiratory function tests (RFT) were measured with a spirometer and RMS was measured with a respiratory pressure meter. Disease activity was assessed with the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI). Functional exercise capacity was measured using the 6-min walk test (6MWT) and vital signs. SF-36 quality of life scale was used to evaluate the quality of life of the patient group. The average values of RFT, RMS, 6MWT and vital signs of patients with AS were found to be lower than the control group. FEV1, 6MWT, leg fatigue before and after 6MWT and heart rate after 6MWT parameters were significantly lower in AS patients than in control group (p

Respiratory Muscle Strength in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease and Different Musculoskeletal Disorders

Aim. To measure respiratory muscle strength (RMS) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and different musculoskeletal disorders (MSD).Material and methods. Patients were divided in four groups according to the MSD. Group I included 52 (13.4%) patients with sarcopenia, group II included 28 (7.2%) patients with osteopenia, group III included 25 (6.5%) patients with osteosarcopenia, group IV included 282 (72.9%) patients without MSD. All patients underwent the assessment of maximal expiratory (МЕР) and maximal inspiratory mouth pressures (MIP).Results. The mean RMS values were lower than the normative values, and the strength of the expiratory muscles was 1.25 times lower compared to the inspiratory muscles. Both of these parameters were within the normal range in 191 (49.3%) patients, and lower values were noted in 196 (50.7%). An isolated decrease in MIP was observed in 24.8% of patients, an isolated decrease in МЕР in 6.5%, a combined decrease in MIP and МЕР in 19.4% of patients. Comparative analysis of МЕР and MIP (depending on the MSD) did not demonstrate statistically significant differences. Lower МЕР (76.9%) and MIP (75%) values were noted mainly in the group of patients with sarcopenia. A similar pattern was notes in patients with osteosarcopenia and in patients without MSD. Normative values of RMS were observed in patients with osteopenia. Correlation analysis revealed a unidirectional relationship between RMS and the parameters of muscle function (hand grip strength, muscle area and musculoskeletal index) and a multidirectional relationship between МЕР and BMI (r -0.743, p=0.013), MIP and patient age (r -0.624, p=0.021).Conclusion. Respiratory muscle weakness was diagnosed in half of the patients with coronary heart disease. There were no statistically significant differences in RMS between patients with MSD and isolated CHD, despite lower values in the group with MSD. Correlation analysis revealed an association between RMS and muscle function.

Feasibility and effectiveness of exercise-based prehabilitation in patients opting for elective abdominal surgeries: A pre-post study

Background: Surgical procedures are accompanied by various complications such as decreased respiratory muscle strength, decreased functional capacity, decreased quality of life, and increased the length of hospital stay. There is a growing body of evidence that indicates that exercise-based prehabilitation offered before major abdominal surgeries can improve the above-mentioned complications. Considering the socioeconomic inequalities, educational characteristics, and healthcare system, which are different in low and lower-middle income countries, it is important to know whether interventions such as prehabilitation are feasible and effective in patients undergoing elective abdominal surgeries. Hence, we set out to determine the role of exercise-based prehabilitation in patients opting for these surgeries. Methods: In this feasibility study, 71% of the eligible patients agreed to participate. Baseline values of respiratory muscle strength, functional capacity and quality of life were recorded preoperatively, and an exercise-based prehabilitation programme consisting of chest physiotherapy, aerobic exercises and inspiratory muscle training according to the patient’s capacity was administered until the day of surgery. A total of 62% of the participants completed the study whose postoperative values and a user satisfaction scale were noted. The feasibility parameters of recruitment rate, dropout rates, adherence events, adverse events and participants satisfaction were evaluated and the differences in the preoperative and postoperative values of respiratory muscle strength, functional capacity and quality of life were calculated using the paired t-test accordingly. Results: Feasibility was measured using five parameters. All the values were &gt; 50% and above. The secondary variables respiratory muscle strength, functional capacity, and quality of life were not significant. Conclusions: This study concluded that prehabilitation is feasible and can be effectively delivered to patients scheduled for elective abdominal surgery. Clinical Trials Registry India registration: CTRI/2021/05/033707 (20/05/2021).

Respiratory Muscle Strength in Healthy Indian Children of Age 7-17 Years: A Cross-Sectional Study.

PurposeAs the values of respiratory muscle strength vary according to race, ethnicity, and geographical area, there is a wide-ranging difference among different populations. Thus, the available reference values may not have an application for use in the Indian paediatric population, creating a need for generating values which will be appropriate for the Indian paediatric context.Materials and MethodsAssessment of respiratory muscle strength was carried out by assessing maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) and synthesising predictive formulas using anthropometric variables like height, gender and age, which will be suitable for Indian children.ResultsWe calculated MIP and MEP of 320 (boys=160 and girls= 160) children in the age range of 7 years to 17 years of Mangaluru city, India. Results stated that mean MIP and MEP for boys were 72.5±32.8 cm H2O and 73±33.2 cm H2O, while for the girls it was 67±30.2 cm H2O and 68±30.1 cm H2O, respectively.ConclusionThis study concluded that there is a difference in respiratory pressure values of Indian children with respect to those of other countries. Age, gender, height and BMI have a significant role in determining respiratory muscle strength. Boys demonstrated higher MIP and MEP. As age, height, weight and BMI increases, so does MIP and MEP.

Evaluation of Carbonmonoxide, Diffusion Capacity, Respiratory Muscle Strength Values, and Pulmonary Volume in Smoking Men over 40 Years Old.

To determine the effects of tobacco use on the lungs before respiratory symptoms or basic functional disorders occur. Forty-six active smokers between June 2018 and June 2019 who did not have any respiratory complaints, had no lung or chronic disease affecting the respiratory system, and consumed at least 20 packs/year were prospectively evaluated. In addition, a control group consisting of 50 non-smokers was formed. After confirming that spirometry and chest radiographs were normal, volunteers were taken to measure carboxymetry, plethysmography, respiratory muscle strength, and diffusion capacity, respectively. The changes in the lungs caused by smoking were analyzed with the data obtained from the measurements. Carbon monoxide values measured by carboxymetry were higher in smokers than non-smokers. Plethysmography tests showed that TLC, TLC%, FRC, FRC%, and RV values were statistically higher in smokers. No significant difference was found between FVC%, FEV1%, PEF, PEF%, MEF75, MEF75%, MEF50, MEF50%, MEF25, MEF25%, sRaw (eff), sRaw (eff%), Raw (eff), Raw (eff%), Raw (tot), Raw (tot%), IC, IC%, ERV, ERV%, RV% values and FEV1/FVC, FEV3/FVC, IC/TLC, and RV/TLC ratios. MIP, MIP%, MEP, MEP% values which measured respiratory muscle strength were similar in smokers and non-smokers. DLCO%, DLCO/VA, DLCO/VA%, DLCOc%, DLCOc/VA, and DLCOc/VA% were found to be lower in the smoker subjects. DLCO and DLCOc values were similar in both groups. Smoking causes the accumulation of toxic gas in the lungs, contributes to the development of hyperinflation and disrupts gas exchange. In our study, there was no evidence that airway resistance developed or respiratory muscles were affected.

Diaphragmatic mobility in children with spastic cerebral palsy and differing motor performance levels

The aim of this study was to compare diaphragmatic mobility (DM) and respiratory function between children with cerebral palsy (CP) and healthy controls (HC). CP was divided into non-ambulatory CP (NACP) and ambulatory CP (ACP). Eighteen children with NACP, 18 with ACP and 18 HC age between 8 and 18 years were recruited. Ultrasound was used to measure DM on both sides. Respiratory muscle strength (RMS), pulmonary function (PF) and chest expansion (CE) were also measured. The results showed that there was significantly lower right DM in CP than HC group. The NACP group had significantly lower DM than the ACP group. There were also significantly lower values of RMS, PF and CE in CP, compared to the HC group. There are significant impairments of diaphragmatic and respiratory function in CP, relative to HC. Thus, appropriate interventions to improve diaphragmatic muscle strength are necessary for children with CP, especially in the NACP.

COMPARAÇÃO DA FORÇA MUSCULAR RESPIRATÓRIA DE ADOLESCENTES SAUDÁVEIS COM VALORES PREDITOS DE NORMALIDADE

The aim of this study was to verify the respiratory muscle strength (RMS) of healthy adolescents, and compare it with predicted normal values. It wasevaluated62adolescents, being 48 female and 14 male, average ageof 18.24±0.43 years, by means of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and FMR by manovacuometry by measuring Inspiratory Maximum Pressure (PiMáx) and Expiratory (PeMáx). Data were analyzed by Mann Whitney's t test, unpaired t-test and chi-square test. Regarding the IPAQ, 13 individuals were insufficiently active, 31 active and 18 very active. The values of RMS were different from those predicted, being observed by the increase in the mean of the female PiMáx and the reduction in the male, in addition to the decrease of the PeMáx in both sexes. It was verified that the sample presented RMS impairment, which can impact on the health of this population, being a warning sign, besides recommending future analyzes of the predicted values established.

Reference values for respiratory muscle strength in brazilian children: a review

Introduction: Reference values and equations show strong variability and regional differences, despite a well-established role of the assessment of respiratory muscle strength (RMS) in children, with the objective to follow up on diseases that affect the function of respiratory muscles and enable adequate growth and development. Objective: To describe reference values and prediction equations of maximal respiratory pressures for Brazilian children. Methods: Literature review was conducted using databases LILACS, MEDLINE and Science Direct, and descriptors established by DeCS of the Virtual Health Library: reference values, child, respiratory muscle strength, predictive equations and their respective synonyms in English. Results: Six clinical trials were carried out, which determined reference values for children in various Brazilian regions. There was a relationship among RMS values and other factors, such as age, height and body mass. However, there was a significant difference among the data in the Brazilian states and divergence among the predicted values. Conclusion: There is a consensus on the relationship among RMS, anthropometric factors and regional influences. The articles studied reported diverging predicted values and reference equations.

Medidas de presión inspiratoria y espiratoria máxima en sujetos activos y sedentarios

Introducción. La actividad física regular se asocia con valores máximos de presión en los procesos de inspiración y espiración en personas activas, a diferencia de las sedentarias. Objetivo. Describir los valores de fuerza muscular respiratoria en sujetos activos y sedentarios de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional descriptivo transversal en estudiantes activos y sedentarios de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Se realizó una entrevista a los participantes relativa a la realización de actividad física, medidas antropométricas, presión inspiratoria y espiratoria máxima con medidor Dwyer Series 477. El análisis de las variables se llevó a cabo mediante el software IBM SPSS Statistics versión 20.0. Resultados. Los valores promedio de presión inspiratoria y espiratoria no presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en estudiantes activos, en comparación con los sedentarios (p&lt;0.005). Los valores promedio y desviación estándar para presión inspiratoria máxima fueron: activos 108.08±23.53, sedentarios 102.08±19.95, mientras que para espiratoria: activos 106.55±27.87 y sedentarios 107.34±23.38. Conclusión. El presente estudio reporta diferencias significativas entre los valores de presión inspiratoria y espiratoria máxima de acuerdo al género, siendo mayores en los hombres (p&lt;0.001). No se observaron diferencias significativas en los valores de presión de estudiantes activos frente a los sedentarios.

Association between respiratory muscle strength and reduction of arterial blood pressure levels after aerobic training in hypertensive subjects

[Purpose] The purpose of present study was associate the increase of respiratory muscle strength with blood pressure levels in hypertensive subjects who underwent an aerobic exercise program. [Subjects and Methods] 90 hypertensive subjects were divided in two groups: intervention and control. All participants had an interview with a physiotherapist and were evaluated by 6-minute walk test, maximal inspiratory pressure, maximal expiratory pressure, heart rate, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, before and after the 8 weeks. In the intervention group, the subjects underwent aerobic exercise program, 2 times a week for 8 weeks [Results] After the program, the levels of blood pressure were significantly reduced and the distance walked in the 6-minute walk test and the respiratory muscle strength were increased, compared to pre intervention and control group values. However, there was no correlation between the results provided by 6-minute walk test, maximal inspiratory pressure and maximal expiratory pressure with systolic arterial blood pressure levels. Nonetheless, the distance walked correlated with respiratory muscle strength values, in the intervention group. [Conclusion] The present study demonstrated that the aerobic training was effective in reducing the arterial blood pressure in hypertensive subjects associated with an improvement of physical conditioning and respiratory muscle strength.

Avaliação da força muscular respiratória em indivíduos com síndrome de down

As a result of muscle changes caused by the generalized hypotonia found in individuals with Down syndrome (DS), these subjects develop changes in respiratory muscle strength. The objective of the study was to assess respiratory muscle strength (RMS) of individuals having DS. Thus, the objective of the study was to evaluate the respiratory muscle strength (RMS) in individuals with DS. It was cross-sectional study, conducted at the Association of Parents and Friends of Exceptional (APFE) of countryside of Sao Paulo. 20 volunteers were evaluated, divided into two groups, 10 non-syndromic individuals and 10 individuals diagnosed with DS, aged between 18 and 35 years, of both genders. The evaluation of RMS was performed by an analog manometer through which were measured maximal inspiratory pressures (MIP) and maximum expiratory pressures (MEP). For data analysis, were used the BioEstat version 5.3. Data normality was verified by the Shapiro-Wilk test. After, comparison tests were used for two independent samples (Student’s t and Mann-Whitney tests), adopting a significance level of 5%. When comparing both groups, we can find a significant difference in MIP (p= 0.0011) and MEP (p= 0.0002), and lower RMS values were obtained in the group of individuals with DS. SD (MIP: -109±49.49 x -29.50±9.07) and (MEP: 127±44.06 x 45.50±10.11) Therefore, individuals with Down syndrome have decreased RMS. It is believed that these individuals would benefit from a rehabilitation program, including physiotherapy, thus minimizing possible respira-tory complications.

Portugues

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease characterized by expiratory airflow obstruction, and then installed it is treatable, but irreversible. Participation in pulmonary rehabilitation program provides positive results for patients with COPD, decrease as periods of hospitalization because it improves the efficacy of respiratory and appendicular muscle work. This study is characterized with uncontrolled clinical trial, which was conducted at Sao Lucas/FAG Hospital of Cascavel PR. Participated in this research, 6 COPD patients, who haveevaluation of respiratory muscle strength and hemodynamic changes pre/post pulmonary rehabilitationprogram. Met clinical improvements, and values ​​of respiratory muscle strength, however not considered statistically significant changes. At the end conclude there wasn't statistical improvement, but the improvement of tabular datapost rehabilitation was visible in the population studied.

Correlação entre as pressões inspiratória máxima e inspiratória nasal em pacientes acometidos por AVC

Objetivo. Avaliar a correlação entre medidas de pressão inspiratória máxima e de pressão inspiratória nasal, e comparar valores médios de força muscular respiratória entre diferentes dias de internação hospi­talar em pacientes acometidos por acidente vascular cerebral (AVC). Método. Foram estudados 13 pacientes acometidos por AVC inter­nados na Unidade de Cuidados Especiais II (UCE II) do Hospital Geral Dr. Waldemar Alcântara, Fortaleza-CE. A ficha de avaliação contemplou medidas referentes à força muscular respiratória em D1 (1º dia de internação) e D5 (5º dia de internação): pressão inspirató­ria máxima (PImáx), pressão expiratória máxima (PEmáx) e pressão inspiratória nasal (SNIP). Resultados. A média de idade dos partici­pantes foi de 69,1±7,2 anos. Quando comparados no 1º e no 5º dia de internação (p≤0,05), houve diferença dos valores médios de PImáx (61,5±32 para 76±13,2), PEmáx (62,9±26 para 69,8±26,1) e SNIP (33,3±12 para 39,4±12,2). Foi obtida correlação positiva moderada (r=0,60, p=0,001) entre PImáx e SNIP. Conclusão. Observou-se au­mento significativo da força muscular respiratória durante a interna­ção e os valores de PImáx e SNIP pareceram assemelhar-se em pacien­tes acometidos por AVC.

Correlação entre as pressões inspiratória máxima e inspiratória nasal em pacientes acometidos por AVC

Objective. To evaluate the correlation between measures of maximal inspiratory pressure and nasal inspiratory pressure, and compare aver­age values of respiratory muscle strength between different days of hospitalization in stroke patients. Method. 13 stroke patients admit­ted to the Unit of Special Care II (UCE II) of Hospital Geral Dr. Waldemar Alcântara, Fortaleza-CE, were studied. The evaluation sheet contemplated measures regarding respiratory muscle strength in D1 (1st day of hospitalization) and D5 (5nd day of hospitalization): maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) and nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIP). Results. The average of age of the participants of the study was of 69.1±7.2 years. When compared at 1st and 5nd day of hospitalization (p≤0.05), there was a difference in average values of MIP (61.5±32 to 76±13.2), MEP (62.9±26 to 69.8±26.1) and SNIP (33.3±12 to 39.4±12.2). Was ob­tained positive moderate correlation (r=0.60, p=0.001) between MIP and SNIP. Conclusion. It was observed a significant increase in re­spiratory muscle strength and the values of MIP and SNIP seemed resemble in stroke patients.

Respiratory muscle strength no influence the need for noninvasive ventilation after heart surgery

The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between preoperative respiratory muscle strength and indication and performance of noninvasive ventilation in the planned heart surgery. We conducted a retrospective study using data collected from clinical records and analyzed 109 medical records and noninvasive ventilation accompanying paper. We analyzed the values of respiratory muscle strength, peak flow and respirometry, as well as the postoperative respiratory complications, correlating them with indication and performance of the noninvasive ventilation. The t test was performed for continuous variables; the chi-square was used to investigate the influence of preoperative respiratory muscle strength values in the indication of noninvasive ventilation. Noninvasive ventilation was used in 32 (29%) subjects and the prime motive indication was hipercapy (44%). The successful use of noninvasive ventilation was observed in 94%. The decrease in preoperative strength, despite having a lower performance, showed no significant difference in relation to its use and outcome (p=0.73). The preoperative respiratory muscle strength was not able to provide for the use of noninvasive ventilation or its performance.

Pulmonary Function after Weight Loss in Obese Women Undergoing Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: One-Year Followup

Introduction. Obesity is a condition that causes damage to the respiratory function. However, studies have demonstrated that weight loss due to bariatric surgery has resulted in a huge improvement on some lung volumes, but controversy still persists regarding the behavior of the respiratory muscle strength and IRV (inspiratory reserve volume). Objective. To evaluate the effect of weight loss, after 1 year of the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB), on the lung volumes and the respiratory muscle strength in obese women. Methods. 24 obese women candidates were recruited for RYGB. Lung volumes (spirometry) and respiratory muscle strength were evaluated in preoperative period and one year after surgery. Results. There was a significant increase in some lung volumes. However, when examining the components of the VC (vital capacity) separately, an increase in ERV (expiratory reserve volume) and reduction of IRV were observed. Moreover, a statistically significant reduction in the values of respiratory muscle strength was recorded: MIP (maximal inspiratory pressure) and MEP (maximal expiratory pressure). Conclusion. Weight loss induced by bariatric surgery provides an increase in some lung volumes of obese women, but reduction in IRV. Additionally, there was also a reduction in the respiratory muscle strength.

Maximal respiratory pressure in healthy 20 to 89 year-old sedentary individuals of central São Paulo State

To evaluate respiratory muscle strength (RMS) in a sample composed exclusively of healthy sedentary individuals and to compare with predicted values, to investigate the relationship between maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) and age, weight and height, and propose predictive equations of MIP and MEP for this population.Subjects were 140 healthy and sedentary individuals: 70 males (55+/-20 years) and 70 females (54+/-21 years), separated into groups according to age. The RMS was obtained with an aneroid vacuum manometer (+/-300 cmH2O).There was a significant reduction in RMS with increasing age (ANOVA one-way, p<0.05). Moreover, the RMS values decreased significantly from age 40 compared to the predicted values (Student t test, p<0.05). There were also significant correlations of RMS with age, weight and height (Pearson correlation, p<0.05). The predictive equations using linear regression for maximal respiratory pressures according to sex showed that age in males and females and weight in females influenced the prediction of the MIP and MEP values.Our results showed that age and anthropometric characteristics influence RMS values. In addition, the RMS values were lower compared to the predicted values from age 40 because the sample was composed exclusively of sedentary individuals. In this context, we propose equations to predict the MIP and MEP values exclusively for healthy, sedentary individuals from 20 to 89 years of age.