Red Blood Cell Values Research Articles

A Clinical Study on Traumatic Pericarditis and Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis in Twelve Holstein Friesian Cattle

Background: Traumatic injury caused by swallowed sharp foreign object is one of the common conditions in dairy animal resulting into development of traumatic pericarditis (TP) and traumatic reticuloperitonitis (TRP). Under field conditions both conditions mimic the same clinical signs making it difficult to differentiate as well as render to choose ideal therapeutic management. The present study was aimed to evaluate clinical, hematobiochemical and ultrasonographic changes in cattle to clinically differentiate between TP and TRP cases. Methods: From the period of January 2020 to December 2020, total twelve Holstein Friesian cattle were investigated for TP and TRP. In the present study, six animals each suffering from TP and TRP were included along with six normal healthy animals as control. Different clinical signs, haemato-biochemical parameters and ultrasonographical findings were recorded in each group and comparative analysis was done. Result: Brisket edema, bilateral jugular vein engorgement and arched back conditions were most reported clinical signs in both the groups. Significant changes were recorded in the values of red blood cells, lymphocyte, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and SGOT between both the groups. Significant drop in hemoglobin level was observed in TP affected group. No significant changes were observed in white blood cells, packed cell volume, monocyte counts and eosinophil counts. Significant increase in fibrinogen concentration recorded in both the groups. In ultrasonography, accumulation of anechoic fluid around heart in TP and reticular wall thickening in TRP was most consistent findings.

Hematological and biochemical values in Breton breed horses in Brasília-DF.

Due to the scarcity of information on Breton horses, the objective was to study hematobiochemical values of this breed. Blood samples were collected from 29 Bretons, males and females, of different ages, in Brasília-DF, distributed into groups, according to age, without distinction of sex (G1): animals from 4 to 9 years old (n=16) and (G2): from 10 to 26 years old (n=13). The horses were also distributed into males and females for comparisons between the sexes. Values for red blood cells, hemoglobin, creatinine, and urea were statistically higher in females. Fibrinogen was higher in males. Lymphocyte values were higher in G1, but mean corpuscular volume, monocytes, neutrophils, and GGT in G2 were higher than G1. The hematocrit value differed between the ages of the females and was higher than that of the males, while the older male animals showed higher values than the young animals. Females presented lower platelet values than males, with older females having higher platelet values than younger females, in the same way as males. G1 females had the highest leukocyte values. The leukocyte values in males of G2 were higher than those of G1. This same behavior occurred for lymphocytes, eosinophils, and creatine kinase. Considering the albumin and aspartate aminotransferase variables, females had the highest values in the group of animals aged 4 to 9 years. Bretons are considered cold-blooded animals, which is consistent with the observed blood count values. However, it is concluded that these horses have biochemical values similar to warm-blooded breeds.

Complete blood count and some cytokines levels for COVID- 19 in diabetic patients

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is now a worldwide pandemic. The researchers are trying to find more about this virus in terms of diagnosis and management. Many researchers reported that the routine complete blood count is one of the main analyses to be performed for the patients as part of the confirmation test for the disease. We aim to find more about the complete blood count (CBC) of patients infected with COVID-19 and to see whether the results would show any significant differences regarding age and gender. A group of 95 diabetic patients with confirmed COVID-19 was admitted to the Salah El- Deen Hospital in Tikrit City, Iraq. The cases were collected and analyzed from January to December 2020. CBC analysis showed a significant difference in the values of red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBC), Platelets (PLT), and its parameters (PDW & MPV) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in diabetic patients infected with COVID-19. Cytokines levels (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α) were all elevated and IL-6 is believed to be a reliable biomarker for COVID-19 detection.

Complete blood count and some cytokines levels for COVID- 19 in diabetic patients

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is now a worldwide pandemic. The researchers are trying to find more about this virus in terms of diagnosis and management. Many researchers reported that the routine complete blood count is one of the main analyses to be performed for the patients as part of the confirmation test for the disease. We aim to find more about the complete blood count (CBC) of patients infected with COVID-19 and to see whether the results would show any significant differences regarding age and gender. A group of 95 diabetic patients with confirmed COVID-19 was admitted to the Salah El- Deen Hospital in Tikrit City, Iraq. The cases were collected and analyzed from January to December 2020. CBC analysis showed a significant difference in the values of red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBC), Platelets (PLT), and its parameters (PDW & MPV) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in diabetic patients infected with COVID-19. Cytokines levels (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α) were all elevated and IL-6 is believed to be a reliable biomarker for COVID-19 detection.

Effects of Carbon Monoxide on Haematological and Haemostatic Parameters among the Exposed Workers at Generator Servicing Centres in Benin City

Objectives: Carbon monoxide (CO) is an odourless and highly toxic gas produced from incomplete combustion of fuel. This gas has capacity to bind with haemoglobin to compete for oxygen uptake when inhaled, thereby altering the blood physiology. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of carbon monoxide on haematology and haemostasis parameters among the exposed workers at gasoline generators service centre in Benin City. Methodology: Eighty-eight participants (workers n = 44 and; controls n = 44) took part in this study. Carbon monoxide used for this study was sourced from the smoke being emitted by gasoline generators during repairs. The participants’ haematological parameters were analysed using haematology autoanalyzer (Sysmex Poch 100i model, Germany), while PT and PTTK were assayed using standard methods. Results: The mean values of red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), platelets (PLT), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH), mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and red cell distribution width coefficient variation (RDW-CV) observed in both the workers at generator service center and their controls fell within normal ranges, but the mean red cell distribution width standard deviation (RDW-SD) of workers at generator service center fell below normal as against the normal value for controls. There were no significant differences in serum concentrations of lymphocytes (p = 0.134), and granulocytes (p = 0.584). In contrast, significantly (p < 0.001) higher mean monocyte level was observed in the workers at the generator service center compared with the controls. Also, there was significantly lower mean platelet volume (MPV) (p = 0.002), platelet distribution width (PDW) (p = 0.001), platelet large cell ratio (PLCR) (p = 0.013) and higher plateletcrit (PCT) (p = 0.001) in the workers at the generator service center compared with the control group. PT and PTT values fell within normal range among the controls, while the values are higher among the exposed workers at the centres. Conclusion: In this study, carbon monoxide emitted during repairs has no deleterious effects on haematological and haemostasis parameters of the exposed workers at generator service centre in Benin City. However, PT and PTT exceeded normal value in the workers at the generator service centre compared to the controls. More work needs to be done especially on longer duration of exposure and at various concentrations of carbon monoxide exposure.

Prognostic value of nucleated red blood cells in critically ill neonates

Prognostic value of nucleated red blood cells in critically ill neonates

Biochemical and Haematological Effect of Kaempferol in Stress Induced By Experimental Eimeria Tenella Infection in Two Weeks Old Broiler Chickens

In this study, biochemical and haematological effects of kaempferol in stress induced by experimental Eimeria tenella infection in two weeks old broiler chickens was investigated. Sixty-day old broilers were randomly allotted into six groups (I-VI) of ten broilers each and brooded for two weeks with commercial broiler feed (vital feed®) and provided water ad libitum. At two weeks of age broilers in group I served as non-infected control. Broilers in groups II- VI were infected with Eimeria tenella sporulated oocyst (104/ml) via oral inoculation. After infection was established, broilers in groups II-IV were treated per os with 1 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg of kaempferol respectively. Broilers in group V were treated for five days with amprolium, 1.25 g/L in drinking water. Broilers in group VI served as infected untreated control. Five days post infection; all broilers were sacrificed by severing their jugular veins. Blood sample was collected from each broiler in a plane sample container devoid of anticoagulant so as to harvest serum for serology while Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) bottles were used to collect 1 ml of blood from each bird for haematology. Concentrations of antioxidant (GPx, CAT and SOD) and liver enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP) were determined. Data obtained was analyzed using pad prism version 5.0. There were statistically significant (P&lt;0.05) reductions in the mean values of liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP) in groups II, III and IV in a dose dependent manner when compared to group VI. Similarly, the mean values of antioxidant (GPx, CAT and SOD) enzymes increased significantly significant (P&lt;0.05) in groups II, III and IV in a dose dependent manner when compared to group VI. No significant (P&gt;0.05) difference in the mean values of antioxidants and liver enzymes were recorded between groups II, III and IV and when compared to group V. Mean Packed Cell Volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and Red Blood Cell (RBC) count significantly (P&lt;0.05) increased in groups II, III, and IV in a dose dependent manner. Similarly, PCV, Hb concentration and RBC count were significantly (P&lt;0.05) increased in groups II, III, and IV when compared with VI. No significant (P&gt;0.05) difference in the mean values of PCV, Hb and RBC were recorded in groups treated with kaempferol and group treated with amprolium. It was observed in this study that kaempferol improved the serum level of antioxidants and liver enzymes as well as and haematological parameters and also reduced the level of pathology in the caecum of broilers infected with Eimeria tenella in this study.

Hematological and biochemical parameters of Spix's Saddleback Tamarin (Leontocebus fuscicollis) raised in captivity.

The Spix's Saddleback Tamarin, Leontocebus fuscicollis is widely distributed across the Amazon region, but is endangered. This species is serving an important role in biomedical research in captivity. However, reference values for hematological and biochemical parameters are required for the proper characterization of the species. It was therefore the objective of our research to establish these parameters taking into consideration sex and body mass differences in healthy adult Spix's saddleback tamarins. Collecting 2 mL of blood from each individual, 20 animals were examined (7 males, 13 females), and hematological and biochemical parameters were determined using commercial kits. Of the sixteen variables measured, only red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Ht) values were significantly higher in males (7.12 ± 0.98 106/mm, 14.98 ± 1.25 g/dL and 48.71 ± 4.91%, respectively), while red cell distribution width (RDW) was higher in females (14.58 ± 1.89%). Of the biochemical parameters measured, only gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) enzyme showed higher activity in females (8.08 ± 4.87 U/L), and a high glucose concentration range was observed (102.0 to 521.0 mg/dL) for both sexes. These parameters established with reference ranges for healthy adults provide a reliable reference source for the interpretation of laboratory housed saddleback tamarin.

POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF DIETARY Moringa oleifera LEAVES AS GROWTH MODULATOR AND IMMUNOSTIMULANT AGAINST Aeromonas hydrophila FOR FARMED Oreochromis niloticus

Herbal medicine, including moringa (Moringa oleifera), is widely used as dietary supplementation to enhance growth performance and increase disease resistance in aquaculture. This study aimed to investigate the effects of supplementing moringa leaves on growth performance, hematology and disease resistance of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) against Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish (38.05 ± 0.83 g) were fed with a commercial feed supplemented by moringa leaves at 0%, 15%, 20%, and 25%, ad libitum, twice a day for eight weeks. Results revealed that 15% moringa leaves supplemented diet gave the highest weight gain, while the specific growth rate was statistically significantly different (p&lt;0.05) among the treatments. Fish fed with 25% supplementation had the highest total red blood cell count and total white blood cell count. All experimental groups had higher values of red blood cells and white blood cells than the control group. The challenge test with A. hydrophila showed that the fish fed with the 25% moringa leaves supplementation diet had the highest relative percentage survival rate. There were no significant differences among the treatment groups. However, the treatment groups had a statistically significant difference with the control group (p&lt;0.05). Results of the present study indicated that supplementation of 15% moringa leaves in diet gave optimal growth performance, while supplementation of 25% moringa leaves in the diet showed the best results in terms of the health of nile tilapia. Moringa leaves supplemented in nile tilapia diet enhanced growth performance and increased disease resistance against A. hydrophila.

Biologically active water complex “HALPI” effect in dermatological conditions in canine red blood cell values

This article presents an effect study of the biologically active water complex “HALPI” in dermatological conditions in canine red blood cell values. Biologically active water complex "HALPI" is produced according to the original recipe invented by the development Director of OOO "HALPI RUS", Vladimir Protasov. The prescription composition of the biologically active water complex "HALPI", in strict proportion includes components involved in the process of energy exchange in the cellular system of energy formation. The study was conducted on two groups of dogs with dermatological conditions (focal alopecia, erythema, pruritus): the experimental group was formed from dogs who were drinking biologically active water complex "HALPI" daily for 21 days and the control group, selected by the method of pairs of analogues. In the stabilized blood of both groups animals, such indicators as the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin level and hematocrit were determined. As a result of the analysis of the obtained data, it was revealed that the use of this biologically active water complex leads to normalization of the hydration status. Thus, the use of biologically active water complex "HALPI" can improve the state of metabolic processes by compensating for possible deficiencies of vitamins and trace elements, which contributes to improving the life quality of dogs with dermatological disorders.

Comparison of Effect of Phyllanthus emblica (Indian Gooseberry) with and without Honey on Hemoglobin, RBC and PCV among Adolescents

Introduction: Phyllanthus emblica commonly known by names such as Indian gooseberry, amla belongs to the Phyllanthaceae. The plant is used as a medicine and tonic which is highly nutritious and forms an important dietary source of vitamin C and amino acids. Honey is rich in iron which helps in boosting the hemoglobin content in blood by increasing their synthesis. Complete blood count (CBC) is an array of tests to evaluate the cells in the blood which are the red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets. &#x0D; Aim: The aim of the study is to compare the effect of Phyllanthus emblica (Indian Gooseberry) with and without honey on hemoglobin, RBC (Red Blood Cell) and PCV (Packed cell volume) among adolescents. &#x0D; Materials and Methods: Ten adolescents including both male and female were selected as subjects for the study. The first group of subjects were categorised to consume gooseberry alone and the second group of subjects were categorised to consume gooseberry along with honey. After 15 days, CBC was taken for the subjects of both groups to analyse the results. Independent ‘t’ test was applied to evaluate the significance of clinical trials performed in two groups. &#x0D; Results and Discussion: The participant history included fatigueness, pallor, menstrual history, blood pressure, pulse. There is an increase in the mean value of Hb (Hemoglobin), RBC (Red Blood Cell), HCT (Hematocrit), MCV (Mean corpuscular volume), MCH (Mean corpuscular hemoglobin) and RDW (Red cell distribution width). Independent statistical analysis showed that p value is not significant as all the values are not &lt;0.05.&#x0D; Conclusion: The present study concludes that gooseberry with honey supplementation has shown better results than gooseberry supplementation but it is not statistically significant. It is evident that gooseberry has nutritive and restorative properties. Daily use of gooseberries is safe and can show more significant increase in counts of RBC, Hb in longer duration.

Haematological and Histopathological Examinations of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Exposed to Sub-Lethal Concentrations of Paraquat

The study was designed to investigate the sub-lethal effects of paraquat on haematological parameters and histopathology of the gills, skin and liver of Clarias gariepinus juveniles of mean weight (38.26±1.20g) and length (17.50±1.55cm). The fish were exposed to 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% of the 96hrsLC50 value of 107mg/l estimated from the 96 hours acute toxicity test. Blood samples were collected into heparinized tubes for the analyses of some haematological parameters, while the gills, skin and liver were also removed for histological examinations following standard procedures. The result revealed a significant reduction (P &lt; 0.05) in the values of red blood cells (RBCs), haemoglobin (Hgb), packed cell volume (PCV) and erythrocytes indices from the control. The white blood cells (WBCs) and platelets (Plt) were however increasing significantly (P &lt; 0.05) from those of the control as the test concentrations increased. The histology of the gills revealed some alterations such as epithelial proliferation, vacuolation of the mucus, hyperplasia of epithelial tissue of the gill filament, lifting and necrosis of the secondary lamellae. The exposed skin showed mucous cell proliferation, erosion of the epithelial lining, hypertrophy, necrosis of epithelial cells and widening of the epidermal and dermal layers. The liver exhibited cellular proliferation, sinusoid enlargement, congestion of the central vein, paranchymatous degeneration, vacuolar degeneration, pyknotic nucleic degeneration, legions and necrosis with severity as concentration of paraquat increases. The gills and skin were observed to be the most affected tissues in this study. The study also revealed that paraquat was toxic to C. gariepinus and causes some haematological and histopathological alterations in the fish blood and tissues at concentrations higher than 30mg/l. Therefore, the use of paraquat by farmers should be regulated particularly in area close to the aquatic environment.

Comparative Efficacy of Two Antibiotics for the Management of Secondary Bacterial Infection in Goats Clinically Affected by Peste des Petits Ruminants

Aims: Peste des petits Ruminants (PPR) is a major viral disease that poses a challenge to small ruminant farming. Its natural occurrence has been complicated by secondary bacterial infection which has led to an increase in morbidity and mortality rates. This study reports the management outcome of natural PPR-infected goats using two types of antibiotics in Nsukka metropolis of Enugu State Nigeria.&#x0D; Methodology: Goats (N=24) were confirmed to be suffering from PPR based on clinical signs and using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The animals were divided into two groups. Group A was treated with 20% oxytetracycline (N= 10) and group B with procaine penicillin and streptomycin combination (penstrept) (N= 14) injection. Clinical signs, recovery and survivability, temperature, haematology [Packed cell volume (PCV); haemoglobin concentration (Hbconc); red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts] and some serum biochemical profiles [alanine aminotransferase (ALT); aspartate transaminase (AST); total protein (TP); Albumin; urea; creatinine; potassium and sodium] were used to assess the efficacy of the antibiotics using standard techniques.&#x0D; Results: The mean temperature, RBC, WBC and urea values of the PPR-infected goats were above their reference ranges, mean albumin values were below the reference range while mean Hbconc, PCV, AST, ALT, TP and creatinine values were within their reference range before the commencement of treatment. Following treatment, clinical signs cleared in 20% and 35.7% of the goats treated with oxytetracycline and penstrep respectively. Death was recorded in 20% and 15% of goats treated with oxytetracycline and penstrep respectively before the end of treatment. Penstrep-treated group showed improvement in their haematological profile.&#x0D; Conclusion: Based on our findings, the use of penstrep in the management of PPR-infected goats gave a better result.

Hematological and Biochemical Reference Values in Healthy Captive Tigers (Panthera tigris).

Simple SummaryThe tiger (Panthera tigris) is the largest of the wild cats and is a pivotal member of many ecosystems and cultures. Despite a long history of concern for wild tigers, both their range and total number have collapsed: fewer than 3500 animals now live in the wild. Furthermore, an increased demand for tiger parts and consequent poaching as well as hunting of their prey has decimated populations across Asia, both in and out of reserves. All subspecies of tigers are globally endangered. Given the precarious situation of these wild felid, the health of each individual animal is of utmost importance so thorough health monitoring, including laboratory blood testing and physical evaluation, is vital. In human and veterinary medicine, hematological parameters and blood chemistry analysis are used in the diagnostic process, to establish disease processes and to monitor the progression of disease. Additionally, blood testing in wild animals provides baseline values for future studies and may help to support conservation strategies. It is extremely difficult to obtain biological samples from free-living Panthera tigris, therefore the values obtained from captive tigers provide very useful data. This study reports hematological and serum biochemical data in captive tigers. These results will be useful in the evaluation of physiological and pathological variations in wild and captive tiger populations. Tigers are a conservation-dependent species and require close protection because they are in high demand in the illegal trade. Development of a strong conservation ethic is urgently required for their survival. Pooling of knowledge about this species is essential if it is to be saved.The tiger (Panthera tigris) is an endangered species. The health of individuals is important and any data on hematological and biochemical blood values can provide valuable information; when combined with physical assessment. This data assists in both the diagnosis of disease and some conservation strategies. The behavior of wild tigers makes it is extremely difficult to obtain biological samples from free-living subjects, therefore, data collected from captive tigers is highly valuable. The aim of this study was to provide additional information for the values of hematological and serum biochemical parameters in healthy captive tigers. Blood samples were collected from 22 clinically healthy tigers (Panthera tigris). The following parameters were analyzed: glucose, urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein (TP) and red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct) and red cell indices; such as mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell Hb (MCH), mean cell Hb concentration (MCHC), platelet (PLT) and white blood cells (WBCs). The mean hematological values in our tiger population were not significantly different when compared with the same parameters in the previously studied tiger population. The mean values of RBCs and PLT were statistically significantly higher and the mean values of Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, and WBC were lower than the mean values obtained in previous studies on the Amur tiger. Further investigation of captive and free-living tigers is needed to identify the normal ranges for parameters in this endangered species.

Exploration speed in captivity predicts foraging tactics and diet in free-living red knots.

Variation in foraging tactics and diet is usually attributed to differences in morphology, experience and prey availability. Recently, consistent individual differences in behaviour (personality) have been shown to be associated with foraging strategies. Bolder or more exploratory individuals are predicted to have a faster pace‐of‐life and offset the costs of moving more or in risky areas, with higher energetic gains by encountering profitable foraging opportunities and prey. However, the relationship between personality, foraging and diet is poorly understood.We investigated how exploratory behaviour in red knots Calidris canutus is associated with foraging tactics and diet by combining laboratory experiments, field observations and stable isotope analysis. First, we developed a mobile experimental arena to measure exploration speed in controlled settings. We validated the method by repeated testing of individuals over time and contexts. This setup allowed us to measure exploratory personality at the field site, eliminating the need to bring birds into captivity for long periods of time. After releasing birds within days of their capture, we asked whether exploration speed was associated with differences in foraging tactics and diet in the wild.We found that tactile foraging red knots mainly caught hard‐shelled prey that are buried in the sediment, whereas visual foraging knots only captured soft preys located close to or on the surface. We also found that faster explorers showed a higher percentage of visual foraging than slower explorers. By contrast, morphology (bill length and gizzard size) had no significant effect on foraging tactics. Diet analysis based on δ15N and δ13C stable isotope values of plasma and red blood cells confirmed our field observations with slower explorers mainly consumed hard‐shelled prey while faster explorers consumed more soft than hard‐shelled prey.Our results show that foraging tactics and diet are associated with a personality trait, independent of morphological differences. We discuss how consistent behaviour might develop early in life through positive feedbacks between foraging tactics, prey type and foraging efficiency.

Manifestation of Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemia in Pediatric and Young Adult Population Is Distinct from Older Adult Cohorts

Introduction: Large Granular Lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder usually manifested in elderly individuals, with mean age of onset at 65. However, LGL leukemia cases in pediatric and young adult (age <30) populations are occasionally observed. Severity of disease, response to routine LGL treatments (methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine), and molecular profiling of this cohort is largely unknown, with only a few case reports describing the occurrence. Here we present the first comprehensive analysis of pediatric and young adult LGL leukemia patients, where we compare demographic and hematologic parameters, frequency of STAT3 mutations, whole exome and transcriptomic profile, and treatment responses to the older adult (age >50) cohort.Methods: We retrospectively collected clinical data from 23 young adult (age <30), 105 adult (age 30-50), and 89 older adult (age >50) LGL leukemia patients. All participants signed informed consent to provide biospecimens and clinical records to the LGL Leukemia Registry. Whole exome (PBMC and saliva) and RNA sequencing (PBMC) was conducted on 115 patients. Sanger sequencing was utilized to determine STAT3 mutational status in the remaining 102 patients.Results: STAT3 is the most frequently mutated gene in LGL leukemia, and the mutation is associated with lower absolute neutrophil counts (ANC). We observed no differences in the frequency of STAT3 somatic mutations in young adult, adult, and older adult LGL leukemia (p=0.143). However, we detected a significant positive linear relationship between age of the patient and ANC values (p=0.002) for STAT3 mutant patients (Figure 1A). STAT3 wild-type (WT) patients did not display this relationship (p=0.756). No age associated trends were detected for hemoglobin values, although we detected decreasing red blood cell (RBC) values with increasing age for both STAT3 mutated and WT patients (p= 0.031, 0.010, respectively). No difference in sex (male vs female) balance was found within the young adult cohort (p=0.190). As rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is observed in ~30% of LGL leukemia patients, we asked if this prevalence also holds in the younger cohort. RA was observed in similar proportion in all young, adult, and older adult groups (p=1).To compare the severity of disease manifestation between the age groups, we first asked how many patients ever initiated LGL-related treatments in each age group. We found that patients under 50 are more likely to be on LGL related treatments compared to patients over the age of 50 (p=0.016) (Figure 1B). Next, we examined length of survival between age groups. Despite increased initiation of LGL related treatments, no statistically significant difference in overall survival (OS) was observed between patients under 50 and patients over the age of 50 (p=0.33) (Figure 1C). Therefore, we asked if the treatment response in younger patients is better compared to older patients. We observed no statistically significant differences in the routine LGL treatment responses between patients under 50 and patients over the age of 50 (p=0.732).Interestingly, epigenetic and chromatin modifier mutations are equally common in patients 50 years old and under relative to older adult patients (p= 0.271) (Figure 1D). Transcriptomic analysis of the PBMC data revealed enrichment of TNFα signaling in patients older than 50, while IFNα and IFNγ signaling was enriched in patients 50 years old and younger.Conclusions: We report the clinical and molecular analysis of LGL leukemia in pediatric/young adult and adult patients compared to the older adult patients that comprise the majority of LGL cases. We show that while STAT3 mutation frequency is similar across all age groups, younger patients with STAT3 mutation show lower ANC values compared to older patients. Importantly, we show that younger patients exhibit a more severe disease, as indicated by increased initiation of LGL treatment. However, overall survival in younger groups compared to older patients is not impacted. Finally, we show that younger patients display similar proportions of epigenetic and chromatin modifying mutations that are a prominent feature of older patients, and feature enrichment of IFNα and IFNγ signaling distinct from older patients. [Display omitted] DisclosuresFeith: Kymera Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Loughran: Dren Bio: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Keystone Nano: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bioniz Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Kymera Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

Establishment of reference intervals of complete blood count for twin pregnancy

BackgroundTwin pregnancy poses a high risk, and its incidence has increased in recent years. Establishment of reference intervals of complete blood count (CBC) for women with twin pregnancies during pregnancy may aid in the prognosis of adverse outcomes.MethodsThe incidence of complications and the intensity associated with adverse outcomes were analyzed in 1153 cases of twin pregnancy. A total of 253 cases in the twin pregnancy reference cohort were screened from all candidates after complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes were excluded. Complete blood count data were collected during the mid- and late-term of pregnancy and analyzed using SPSS to establish the reference intervals for peripheral blood in twin pregnancy.ResultsPremature rupture of the membrane and pelvic inflammatory disease were highly positively correlated with adverse outcomes, with OR values of 3.31 and 3.81, respectively. Within the interval population with normal outcomes, red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), and platelet (PLT) values were lower in twin-pregnant women during gestation than in healthy nulligravida women, but the levels of white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils (NEU), and the NEU% increased, especially in the mid-term. The reference intervals of late-term pregnancy were validated using 20 twin pregnancies samples, and then utilized to determine the distinctive CBC characteristics in preterm birth (PTB) pregnancy. Absolute WBC and NEU values increased in PTB pregnancy based on our established reference intervals, which suggests that these may might be prognostic indicators of this adverse outcome.ConclusionEstablishing the reference interval of blood cell-related indicators of normal twin pregnancy is helpful for the monitoring and prognosis of gestation.

Newborns physiological differences in low- and high-altitude settings of Ecuador.

Newborns show physiological differences in low- and high-altitude settings of Ecuador; those differences are especially relevant because most important cities in Ecuador are located at high altitude, above 2500 m. This study is an epidemiological, observational, and cross-sectional research performed at San Francisco Hospital in Quito (at 2850 m) and General Hospital in Manta (at 6 m) in the Manabí province. We studied 204 full-term newborns, healthy without any prenatal comorbidities, singleton pregnancy, mestizos, and born of healthy parents born. We found significant differences between the values of red blood cells (RBC), leucocytes, hematocrit, and hemoglobin. There was a difference of 27% more in RBC, 3% at hematocrit, and 0.4 g at hemoglobin in the high-altitude cohort. The leucocyte difference is 1270 cells/µl, which means a difference of 6%. At high-altitude settings, the mean pH was lower than normal values and pO2, pCO2, and HCO3. High-altitude newborns showed RBC of > 4,500,000 cells/µl; leukocytes > 19,000; pO2 ≤ 72 mm Hg; hemoglobin > 17.50 g/dl; and hematocrit > 54%. Both cohorts showed physiological changes of transition to extrauterine life. We observed higher polycythemia, respiratory acidosis, and hypoxemia among high-altitude newborns. High-altitude setting intensifies the physiological changes in hematological and arterial blood gases parameters.

Comparison of stroke cases with other neurological diseases on the basis of haemogram parameters

This study aimed to examine the haemogram parameters, including the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), which is fast, easy and practical to determine, in stroke patients who present with more physiological stress and inflammation and compare them with patients presenting other neurological diseases. The demographic, laboratory and imaging features of all patients who were admitted to the neurology clinic within a three-year period and met the study criteria were retrospectively analysed. A haemogram from peripheral venous blood samples was taken at the time of admission, and its parameters was calculated. A total of 3152 patients, 1604 of whom were women (50.9%), with a mean age of 66.1±14 (18-100) years who were hospitalised in the neurology clinic from 1 January 2015 to 1 January 2018, comprised the study's sample. Mean age, mean leukocyte-neutrophil count and NLR were significantly higher in stroke patients than in those without stroke (P<.001, P<.001 and P<.001, respectively), but mean red blood cell, platelet and lymphocyte counts, and haemoglobin and haematocrit values were found to be significantly lower (P<.001, P<.001, P<.001, P<.001 and P<.001, respectively). When the haemogram parameters were compared according to stroke type, red blood cell, haemoglobin, haematocrit and NLR values in patients with haemorrhagic stroke (P=.019, P=.002, P=.002 and P=.001, respectively) and platelet and lymphocyte values in ischaemic stroke patients were found to be significantly higher (P=.002 and P<.001, respectively). In this study, significant data obtained by comparing the haemogram parameters of those with stroke and other neurological diseases are presented. All neurological diseases, especially acute stroke and its types, should be examined in future prospective, randomised and controlled studies with all haemogram parameters, especially the NLR. However, it should be noted that haematological parameters are more useful for group studies rather than determining the diagnosis of an individual patient.

Prediction of in-hospital recurrence and false-negative results in patients with COVID-19 by red blood cell values on admission.

The clinical characteristics and risk factors of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with re-positive or false-negative test results have so far remained to be determined. The present study provides a cross-sectional observational study on 134 hospitalized patients selected from Huoshenshan Hospital (Wuhan, China) using cluster sampling. A total of 68 patients had reduced red blood cell (RBC) counts, 55 a decrease in the hemoglobin concentration (HBC) and 73 a decline in hematocrit (HCT). The false-negative rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA detection in pharyngeal swab specimens was 18.7%. The absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), RBC, HBC and HCT levels in false-negative patients were significantly higher than those in patients who tested positive for viral nucleic acids. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that RBC [odds ratio (OR)=0.43, 95% CI: 0.18-0.99], HBC (OR=0.97, 95% CI: 0.94-0.99) and ALC (OR=0.43, 95% CI: 0.20-0.91) were the factors influencing the negative testing results for viral nucleic acid. The rate of re-positive patients was 16.4%. The white blood cell, RBC, HBC and HCT values in re-positive patients were lower than those in non-re-positive patients. The median (interquartile range) values for RBC, HBC and HCT of male re-positive patients were 3.95 (3.37, 4.2) x1012/l, 123 (103, 133) g/l and 36.6 (31.1, 39.2)%, respectively, while the RBC, HBC and HCT of female re-positive patients were 3.54 (3.13, 3.74) x1012/l, 115 (102, 118) g/l and 34.2 (28.5, 34.9)%, respectively. It was determined that RBC, HBC and HCT values had moderate accuracy in predicting SARS-CoV-2 recurrence in patients with COVID-19 using receiver operating curve analysis. The present study suggested that RBC may have an important role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19.