PM10 Values Research Articles

Assessment of fungal bioaerosols and particulate matter characteristics in indoor and outdoor air of veterinary clinics.

Veterinary staff are frequently exposed to various occupational hazards. The present study was aimed to investigate the air characteristics of veterinary clinics in terms of fungal bioaerosols and particulate matters. Air samples were taken every six days from the operating room, examination room and outdoor air of three veterinary clinics in Shiraz, southwest Iran. The concentrations of fungal bio-aerosols ranged from 8.05CFU/m 3 in the outdoor air of clinic B to 47.21CFU/m 3 in the operating room of clinic A. The predominant fungal genera identified in the studied clinics were Penicillium and Aspergillus niger, respectively. The concentrations of PM2.5 ranged from 41.88μg/m 3 in the operating room of clinic C to 60.31μg/m 3 in the outdoor air of the same clinic. The corresponding values for PM10 ranged from 114.40μg/m 3 in the operating room of clinic C to 256.70μg/m 3 in the outdoor air of the same clinic. The results of this study showed a positive correlation between the concentration of fungal bioaerosols and relative humidity (p < 0.05; r = 0.622). Besides, a negative correlation was found between the concentration of fungal bioaerosols and temperature (p < 0.05; r = 0.369). To better assess the individual exposure of veterinarians and staff in veterinary clinics, tests including nasopharyngeal sampling are recommended.

Analyzing the severity of coronavirus infections in relation to air pollution: evidence-based study from Saudi Arabia.

COVID-19 is one of the major pandemics in history. It has caused various health problems to majority of countries in the world. Several researchers have examined and developed studies regarding concerns on air pollution being considered a major risk factor causing respiratory infections. Such infections are carried out by microorganisms, thus further affecting the immune system. The present study involves the relationship between air pollutants and the total COVID-19 infections along with the estimation of death rates in several regions of Saudi Arabia. The major goal of this study comprises the analysis of the relationship between air pollutants concentration, such as PM10, NO2, CO, SO2, and O3, and the widespread outbreak of COVID-19. This scenario involves the transmission, number of patients, critical cases, and death rates. Results show that the estimation of recorded COVID-19 cases was in the most polluted regions; the mortality rate and critical cases were also more distinct in these regions than in other regions in Saudi Arabia. The finding of this study demonstrates a positive correlation between the mean values of PM10, NO2, CO, and SO2 pollutants. The results represent the significant relationship between air pollution resulting from a high concentration of NO2 and COVID-19 infections and deaths. In addition, a null hypothesis of the relation between other pollutants and COVID-19 infections cannot be rejected. The study also indicates a significant correlation between the means of NO2 and CO and the total number of critical cases. Negative correlations are obtained between the mean of O3 and the total number of cases, total deaths, and critical case per cumulative days.Graphical abstract

Assessment of Ambient concentrations of Particulates (PM2.5 and PM10) and Occurrence of Non-Communicable Diseases in Ogbomoso Metropolis Southwestern Nigeria

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Air pollution has become a serious threat especially in fast developing urban areas. Significant adverse health effects such as lung cancer, aggravation of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases are linked to particulate matter. This study assessed the association between particulates and occurrence of non-communicable diseases in Ogbomoso Metropolis, Oyo state, Nigeria. METHODS: Twenty selected cells from the gridded map of Ogbomoso metropolis were investigated. The concentrations of PM₂.₅ and PM10 were monitored in each cell using Aeroqual gas meter. Meteorological parameters such as ambient temperature, relative humidity, air pressure and wind speed were monitored using wind mate (WM-350). Information on recorded cases of non-communicable diseases was retrieved from the state hospital in the study area. RESULTS:The values of PM₂.₅ and PM10 ranged from 27.79±45.62 to 151.50±188.93 mg/m3 and 109.83±31.98 to 576.67±943.44 µg/m3 respectively during the dry season and from 14.38±3.87 to 72.79±42.46 mg/m3 and 33.67±20.11 µg/m3 to 73.54±34.89 µg/m3 respectively during the wet season. Concentrations of PM₂.₅ and PM10 were relatively high and above the WHO permissible limit in the dry season. The values of PM₂.₅ in cell 1, 2, 5, 8, 16, 18 and 19; and PM10 in cell 1, 5, 6, 8, 19 and 20 were within the WHO permissible limit in wet season while others exceeded it. Wet season, PM₂.₅ concentration shows positive significant (p0.05) associations with chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes and high blood pressure (r= 0.559, 0.516, 0.487) while during dry season, there was a positive significant (p0.05) association between PM₂.₅ and chronic respiratory diseases. PM10 showed a positive significant association with hypotension in dry season (r= 0.639; p0.05). CONCLUSIONS:This study concluded that exposure to PM₂.₅ contributes significantly to the occurrence of chronic respiratory disease, diabetes and high blood pressure in both dry and wet seasons while PM10 contributes significantly to only hypotension in the dry season. KEYWORDS: Air pollution, Particulate matter Cardiovasular diseases, Cancer and cancer pre cursors, Temperature

Ambient particulate matter exposure and red blood cell distribution width (RDW): results from a cross-sectional linkage study in Portugal

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Ambient particulate matter (PM) is now a well-established risk factor to develop cardiovascular diseases. Multiple studies have linked PM exposure to cardiovascular events, but the pathophysiologic mechanisms linking the occurrence of these events with PM exposure are still an area of intensive debate. red blood cell distribution width (RDW), a blood parameter used to measure the variability sizes of the red blood cells, has been associated with a vast array of human pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases. The present study aims to estimate the long-term effect of PM10 exposure on RDW, in the adult Portuguese mainland population. METHODS: Our study was based on 2211 participants of the 1st Portuguese Health Examination Survey (INSEF, 2015) with available data on RDW parameter and living within a 30km radius of an air quality monitoring station from the air quality monitoring network of the Portuguese Environment Agency with available PM10 measurements. Generalized linear models were used to assess the effect of 1-year PM10 exposure on RDW values. RESULTS:We found an association between long-term exposure to PM10 and RDW values (2.82% RDW increase per each 10 µg/m3 PM10 increment, 95% CI: 0.62%; 5.02%), particularly among males (2.96% RDW increase per each 10 µg/m3 PM10 increment, 95% CI: 0.80–5.12), which is well supported by the sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSIONS:To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study describing an association between ambient PM10 exposure and RDW values. It is uncertain whether changes in RDW due to PM10 exposure constitute an adverse health outcome. However, RDW has been identified as an independent prognostic biomarker of multiple cardiovascular diseases, therefore we consider this result to be of special relevance in particular to explain the effect of PM10 in triggering cardiovascular events. KEYWORDS: Particulatte Matter, RDW, INSEF, Portugal

Oxidation of Proteinaceous Matter by Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide in PM2.5: Reaction Mechanisms and Atmospheric Implications

AbstractInteractions between proteinaceous matter and atmospheric oxidants can affect amino acids (AAs) bioavailability, the climate, and human health. However, atmospheric reactions of proteinaceous matter remain poorly understood. PM2.5 samples were collected during spring (2019) and winter (2020) sampling campaigns conducted in Nanchang, China. Concentrations of combined and free AAs, and the δ15N values of combined and free glycine (C‐Gly and F‐Gly) in PM2.5 samples were analyzed. Concentrations of TFAA under different O3 and NO2 levels, and correlations of specific FAA species with ambient O3 and NO2 concentrations suggest that the ability of O3 to release TFAA from proteinaceous matter is greater than that of NO2. Furthermore, O3 may trend to release neutral and hydrophilic FAA species, whereas NO2 tends to generate hydrophobic FAA species. With aerosol aging, the slope of the fitted line between [TFAA] and [TSAA] [O3 + NO2] increased, indicating that FAAs yield from protein degradation in PM2.5 was affected greatly by aerosol aging. The TCAAs concentration observed in spring was substantially higher than that in winter. Moreover, the δ15NF‐Gly and δ15NC‐Gly values in PM2.5 exhibited negative correlations with atmospheric O3 concentration. These results suggest that increased levels of proteinaceous matter in spring were derived from natural sources related to biological activities rather than biomass burning sources. Our study confirms that the reaction of degradation of proteinaceous matter to FAAs could be influenced by aerosol aging, which is a finding that enhances current understanding regarding atmospheric processes of aerosol proteinaceous matter under different ambient O3 and NO2 levels.

Overview and Seasonality of PM10 and PM2.5 in Guayaquil, Ecuador

The focus of this study is the assessment of total suspended particles (TSP) and particulate matter (PM) with various aerodynamic diameters in ambient air in Guayaquil, a city in Ecuador that features a tropical climate. The urban annual mean concentrations of TSP (Total Suspended Particles), and particle matter (PM) with various aerodynamic diameters such as: PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 are 31 ± 14 µg m−3, 21 ± 9 µg m−3, 7 ± 2 µg m−3 and 1 ± 1 µg m−3, respectively. Air mass studies reveal that the city receives a clean Southern Ocean breeze. Backward trajectory analysis show differences between wet and dry seasons. During the dry season, most winds come from the south and southwest, while air masses from the peri urban may contribute as pollutant sources during the wet season. Although mean values of PM10 and PM2.5 were below dangerous levels, our year-round continuous monitoring study reveals that maximum values often surpassed those permissible limits allowed by the Ecuadorian norms. A cluster analysis shows four main paths in which west and southwest clusters account for more than 93% of the pollution. Total vertical column of NO2 shows the pollution footprint is strongest during the dry season, as opposed to the wet season. A microscopic morphological characterization of ambient particles within the city during the wet and the dry season reveals coarse mode particles with irregular and rounded shapes. Particle analysis reveals that samples are composed of urban dust, anthropogenic and organic debris during the dry season while mainly urban dust during the wet season.

Variation of Particle-Induced Oxidative Potential of PM2.5 in Xinjiang, NW-China

In order to evaluate the toxicity of PM2.5 in the Dushanzi area, PM2.5 samples were collected from December 2015 to July 2016, and a plasmid DNA damage assessment method was used to analyze the variation in the oxidative damage ability and its relationship with sampling conditions and toxic components (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heavy metals) loaded on the surface of PM2.5. The results showed that the TD30 values (toxic dosage of PM2.5 causing 30% of plasmid DNA damage) of both the whole samples and the water-soluble fractions were lower during the heating period (369 μg/mL and 536 μg/mL, respectively), but higher in the dust period and non-heating period (681 μg/mL and 498 μg/mL, respectively; and 804 μg/mL and 847 μg/mL, respectively). Studies on the effect of meteorological parameters showed an increasing trend in TD30 values for the whole samples and the water-soluble fractions as relative humidity, temperature and wind speed decrease. TD30 values for the whole samples and the water-soluble fractions were negatively correlated with Flu (r = −0.690,r = −0.668; p &lt; 0.05), Flt (r =−0.671, r = −0.760; p &lt; 0.05), BaP (r = −0.672, r = −0.725; p &lt; 0.05), IcdP (r = −0.694, r = −0.740; p &lt; 0.05), Pyr (r = −0.727, r = −0.768; p &lt; 0.01) and BghiP (r = −0.874, r = −0.845; p &lt; 0.01) during the heating period, while As (r = 0.792, r = 0.749; p &lt; 0.05) and Sr (r = 0.776, r = 0.754; p &lt; 0.05) during the dust period showed significant positive correlation. In addition, the TD30 values of PM2.5 collected during sand blowing weather was the highest (1458 μg/mL and 1750 μg/mL), while the average TD30 value of PM2.5 collected on hazy days were the lowest (419.8 μg/mL and 488.6 μg/mL). Particles collected on the first day after snowfall showed a lower oxidizing capacity (676 μg/mL and 1330 μg/mL). The characteristic TD30 values combined with back trajectory analysis indicated that hazy days were heavily influenced by air masses originating from the southern continent and local emissions, whereas the sand blowing weather came from the north of the Taklimakan Desert.

Modelling convection-driven dynamo action in low-Prandtl-number fluids

We present dynamic models of dynamo action in the low-Prandtl-number () regime which highlight the role of pure thermal convection in magnetic field generation. The essential condition for dynamo to occur is non-zero values of the magnetic Prandtl number Pm. Magnetic energy is generated in conducting fluids close to the convective instability if the reduced Rayleigh number r is raised above a critical value r d , otherwise only pure convection is prevalent. The dynamo threshold decreases with increase in Pm for a fixed value of Pr while for a fixed Pm, it increases with increase in Pr. For a fixed Pr, the induced magnetic energy is excited in the form of irregular bursts for lower values of Pm. The magnetic energy is found to be quasi-periodic or oscillatory for relatively larger values of Pm. The bursts of magnetic energy also show the possibility of flow reversals. In the chaotic regime, the probability density function of the heights of magnetic energy bursts show scaling behavior. The results are relevant for magnetic field generation induced by astrophysical plasma flows in localized convection zones of solar/stellar interiors where Pr is very low and .

Investigation of Particulate Matter (PM10) Pollution in Ipoh City, Malaysia

Air pollution is one of the phenomena that adversely affect the environment and negatively impact human health. Air pollution occurs when there are excessive air pollutants in the atmosphere. This study aims to identify and discuss the sources of PM10 emissions according to land use around Ipoh using descriptive and boxplot analysis. There are five areas selected as a sampling location for this study: Ipoh, Lahat, Chemor, Tanjung Rambutan, and Simpang Pulai that located in Hulu Kinta and Sungai Raya district. This sampling location's primary focus is located around Ipoh city, concentrated in the industrial area. Ten land use-based sampling stations are selected to measure. PM10 data were recorded for one week during working and non-working days in July 2020 on 10 sampling stations around Ipoh. The result shows PM10 concentrations consist of industrial, infrastructure and utility, commercial, residential, and recreational areas, as shown PM10 values were recorded for one week during working days and non-working days on 10 observation stations using Portable Laser Aerosol Spectrometer and Dust Monitor Model 1.108. Based on the observations, two stations show the daily average mean of PM10 exceeding 100 μg/m3 outlined in the Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Standard (MAAQS) at S6 (175.78 μg/m3) and S10 (103.79 μg/m3). This situation is driven by the presence of limestone-based industrial areas as well as quarrying activities. The findings also show that PM10 concentration is higher during working days rather than non-working days. Overall, PM10 concentrations that exceed the limit will have a detrimental effect on the environment and human health.

Particulate matter exposure of combine harvester operator during wheat harvesting in northern India

A study was carried out to assess the quantum of particulate matter in the breathing zone and workspace of combine harvester operator during 2018-19 in wheat fields of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. Mass concentration and particle size distribution of dust were assessed in the breathing zone for different size fractions related to health during wheat harvesting using a personal dust monitor. Sticky papers were used to determine the characteristics of particulate matter and wheat straw (&gt;100 μm) in the workspace of the combine harvester. The average mass concentration of inhalable, thoracic and respirable particles were 9500, 4150 and 940 μg/m3 and PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 particles were 3722, 453 and 120 μg/m3 in the breathing zone. Particulate matter concentrations were 37 and 8 times (daily basis) and 62 and 11 times (annual basis) higher than the permissible value of PM10 and PM2.5. The equivalent diameter of wheat straw ranged up to 1400 μm with a density of 9-12 particles per mm2 surface area. It amounts to 1.2 million particles in the workspace with the potential of sticking on exposed body of the operator considering a 10% body surface area.

Dried bottom of Urmia Lake as a new source of dust in the northwestern Iran: Understanding the impacts on local and regional air quality

Urmia Lake, the largest inland lake in Iran has lost most of its water surface area in the last 2 decades. The desertification caused by the drying of this unique lake may lead to dust storms from the lakebed and affect the air quality of the region. In this study, MODIS derived Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) data observed between 2000 and 2019, Ultra Violet Aerosol Index (UVAI) data from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), meteorological data from MERRA-2 and ground-level PM10 data measured in the northwestern Iran and eastern Turkey were used to investigate the effects of the drying of Urmia Lake on local and regional aerosol pollution. The results revealed significant increase in aerosol pollution over the last 10 years. An inverse relationship was observed between water level fluctuations of Urmia Lake and aerosol pollution in the northwestern Iran. In total, 177 days (27 days in the period of 2000–2009 and 150 days in the period of 2010–2019) with mean daily AOD values equal to or greater than 1 were observed over the box covering Urmia Lake Basin (ULB). During 2000–2009, when the mean AOD was 0.25, the mean water surface area of the lake was observed to be 4000 km2. When the lake dried up faster during 2010–2019 (the mean water surface area was observed 2100 km2), the mean AOD increased to 0.42.The eastern part of the lake was more polluted than western part due to the extent of salinization and desertification in this part and the prevailing wind direction from west to east. The results indicated similar trends with PM10 concentration in the northwestern Iran and eastern Turkey but the classification of PM10 values based on wind direction and wind speed rejected the influence of the lakebed on aerosol pollution in the eastern Turkey except in special meteorological conditions. These conditions occur when a low-pressure system over central Iraq and a high-pressure system located in a more northerly part of the region, mainly over the Caucasian, form a dust channel. In addition to dust storms from Iraq, Syria, Arabian Desert and local emission sources, the lakebed contributes as a new source of aerosol pollution mainly in the northwestern Iran and close regions.

Effect of climatology parameters on air pollution during COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan

This study aims to explore the real-time impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on measured air pollution in the three largest cities of Jordan (Amman, Irbid and Zarqa). It is hypothesized that a sharp decrease in the emitted amounts of particulate matter (PM10), CO, NO2 and SO2 during COVID-19 pandemic will be obtained, this corresponds with the reduced traffic due to mandated business closures. To achieve this exploration a paired sample t-test is used to compare the concentration of these four pollutants in the three cities over the period from 15 March to 30 June during the years from 2016 to 2020. It is found that there is a significant difference between the emitted concentrations mean values of CO, PM10, SO2 and NO2 during the period of study. This was indicated by the values of p for each species, which was less than 5 % for all these pollutants.The maximum reduction in SO2 and NO2 concentration during the lockdown period was in Zarqa. Irbid city witnessed the highest percentage reduction in CO and PM10. Furthermore, the correlation test, independent variable importance of multilayer perceptron and global sensitivity analysis using Sobol analysis showed that metrological data (Humidity, wind speed, average temperature and pressure) have a direct relationship with concentrations of CO, PM10, SO2 and NO2 in Amman, Irbid and Zarqa before and after COVID-19 pandemic.

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Particulate Matters Concentration and Their Influence on Ambient Air Quality in Urban Regions of Khuzestan Province, Iran

One of the most concerning pollutants in the urban areas across the globe is particulate matter suspended in the Earth’s atmosphere. The main objective of the current investigation is to explore the spatial and temporal patterns of ambient air particles (PM10 and PM2.5) and PM2.5/PM10 ratio in different urban areas of Khuzestan province. In this way, the required data were gathered from the environmental protection organization based on hourly mean concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 of 6 air pollution-monitoring sites for a period of 5-year. Results indicated that the average concentrations of PM10, PM2.5 and PM2.5/PM10 are about 134.14±39.23 µg/m3, 44.51±13.44 µg/m3 and 0.33±0.07, respectively. The examinations revealed a reductive trend on annual values of PMs based on temporal variations. A detailed investigation of the annual mean concentrations of PMs and PM2.5/PM10 based on spatial variations demonstrated the largest values for Naderi-Ahvaz and Abadan stations. Besides, the measured AQI was larger than 100 and the Exceedance Factor (EF) values of PM10 and PM2.5 ranged between 1.51-2.73 and 0.77-1.41. The statistical analysis obtained from linear regression revealed a significant positive relation between AQI and PM2.5 and PM10 with correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.8259 and 0.7934, respectively. Although the analysis and measurement revealed a reductive trend in the annual mean concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10, the measured AQI and EF values are still far from the standards of good quality and low pollution. Therefore, it is highly necessary to follow the air pollution protocols to control PM air pollution in Khuzestan province.

The effects of meteorological parameters on PM10: Health impacts assessment using AirQ+ model and prediction by an artificial neural network (ANN)

The estimation of PM10 health effects and air quality forecasting plays an essential role in protecting public health against harmful air pollutants. This study aimed to estimate the impact of meteorological parameters on PM10, evaluate its health impacts, and its prediction using an artificial neural network (ANN) in Yasuj. Demographic, meteorological, and PM10 data were collected from March 2013 to March 2018 in one of Iran's cities. The health impacts of PM10 were estimated using the AirQ+ software. Furthermore, the daily average of PM10 concentrations combined with the meteorological data was used to predict PM10 concentration. The results showed a greater risk of respiratory symptoms for the incidence of asthma symptoms in asthmatic children, the prevalence of bronchitis in children, incidence of chronic bronchitis in adults, and postneonatal infant mortality due to exposure to PM10 with a relative risk of 1.028, 1.08, 1.117, and 1.04 respectively. Also, the best MLP-ANN model predicted PM10 value with correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.87. It can be concluded that decreased PM10 levels were associated with reduced symptoms of bronchitis and asthma in children and bronchitis in adults, and ANN modeling provides a feasible procedure for managerial planning in the view of air pollution.

The use of stable oxygen and nitrogen isotopic signatures to reveal variations in the nitrate formation pathways and sources in different seasons and regions in China

Nitrate (NO3−) is one of the most important inorganic ions in fine particulate (PM2.5) and drives regional haze formation; however, the NO3− sources and formation mechanisms in different seasons and regions are still debated. Here, PM2.5 samples were collected from Kunming and Nanning in southwestern China from September 1, 2017, to February 28, 2018 (spanning warm and cold months). We measured the daily O and N isotopic compositions of NO3− (δ18O–NO3− and δ15N–NO3−), estimated the δ18O–HNO3 values produced by different oxidation pathways, and quantified the NO3− formation pathways based on the isotope mass-balance equation. Our results showed that the δ18O–NO3− values in Kunming (65.3 ± 7.6‰) and Nanning (67.7 ± 10.1‰) are close to the δ18O–HNO3 values arising from the OH radical pathway (POH, 54.7 ± 1.2‰ to 61.2 ± 1.8‰), suggesting that the δ18O–NO3− values are mainly influenced by POH, which showed a contribution greater than 74%. Stronger surface solar radiation and higher air temperatures in low-latitude regions and warm months increased the amount of HNO3 produced by POH and reduced the amount of HNO3 produced by PN2O5, which produced low δ18O–NO3− values. Increased air pollution emissions decreased the contribution from POH and increased the contribution from N2O5 and NO3 pathways (PN2O5+NO3). The δ15N–NO3− values of PM2.5 in Kunming (7.3 ± 2.8‰) were slightly higher than those in Nanning (2.8 ± 2.7‰). The increased NOx emissions with positive isotopic values led to high δ15N–NO3− values in northern China and during cold months. A higher fNO2 (fNO2 = NO2/(NO + NO2), temperature, and contribution of POH produced lower N isotope fractionation between NOx and δ15N–NO3−, which was found to further decrease the δ15N–NO3– values in southwestern China and during warm months.

Pollution characteristics and human health risk assessments of toxic metals and particle pollutants via soil and air using geoinformation in urbanized city of Pakistan.

Toxic metals and particle pollutants in urbanized cities have significantly increased over the past few decades mainly due to rapid urbanization and unplanned infrastructure. This research aimed at estimating the concentration of toxic metals and particle pollutants and the associated risks to public health across different land-use settings including commercial area (CA), urban area (UA), residential area (RA), and industrial area (IA). A total of 47 samples for both soil and air were collected from different land-use settings of Faisalabad city in Pakistan. Mean concentrations of toxic metals such as Mn, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr, Co, and Cd in all land-use settings were 92.68, 4.06, 1.34, 0.16, 0.07, 0.03, and 0.02 mg kg-1, respectively. Mean values of PM10, PM2.5, and Mn in all land-use settings were found 5.14, 1.34, and 1.9 times higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Mn was found as the most hazardous metal in terms of pollution load index (PLI) and contamination factor (CF) in the studied area. Health risk analysis for particle pollutants using air quality index (AQI) and geoinformation was found in the range between good to very critical for all the land-use settings. The hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) were higher for children in comparison to adults, suggesting that children may be susceptible to potentially higher health risks. However, the cancer risk (CR) value for Pb ingestion (1.21 × 10-6) in children was lower than the permissible limit (1 × 10-4 to 1 × 10-6). Nonetheless, for Cr inhalation, CR value (1.09 × 10-8) was close to tolerable limits. Our findings can be of valuable assistance toward advancing our understanding of soil and air pollutions concerning public health in different land-use settings of the urbanized cities of Pakistan.

An Innovative Approach to Determining the Contribution of Saharan Dust to Pollution.

Air quality is one of the hot topics of today, and many people are interested in it due to the harmful effects that environmental pollution has on human health. For this reason, in recent years, measurement systems based on advanced technology have been implemented to integrate national air quality networks. This study aimed to analyze the air quality data of the monitoring network of the regional agency for environmental protection of the Campania region (Italy), integrated with a monitoring station based on IoT technology to highlight criticalities in the levels of pollution. The data used was from the month of February 2021 and measured in a medium-large city in southern Italy. In-depth analyses showed that two events related to Saharan dust occurred, which led to an increase in the measured PM10 values.

COVID-19 PANDEMIC STAY HOME PRACTICE: ITS EFFECT ON KÜTAHYA AIR QUALITY

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of the applications of “stay home” and social movement restriction due to COVID-19 outbreak on air quality. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, measurement values of PM10, PM2.5, and SO2 variables in Kütahya province between 11th March and 25th May in 2019 and in 2020 were compared with 24-hour PM10, PM2.5 and SO2 mean limit values that are the air pollution criteria for Turkey and the World Health Organization (WHO). Between 11th March and 25th May in 2019, mean PM10 was 62.17±33.36 μg/m3, mean PM2.5 was 11.34±10.43 μg/m3, mean SO2 was 18.18±13.98 μg/m3, and mean air temperature was 11.14±4.58°C. Between 11th March and 25th May in 2020, mean PM10 was 42.25±26.20 μg/m3, mean PM2.5 was 16.69±8.77 μg/m3, mean SO2 was 6.93±5.36 μg/m3, mean air temperature was 13.27±6.00°C. Compared to the same period of the previous year, there is a decrease in PM10 and SO2 concentrations in Kütahya province while an increase is observed in PM2.5 concentrations.

Abstract P068: The Relationship Of Air Pollution And Menopause On The Progression Of Coronary Artery Calcification In Midlife Women: Study Of Women’s Health Across The Nation

Knowledge of the association between air pollution and atherosclerosis risk has been generated in the general population. Our study targeted middle-aged women during the menopause transition who might be vulnerable to PM2.5 on CAC risk, due to their unique physiological profiles. We assessed the association of PM2.5 and CAC presence/progression in menopause transition women.Women included had data of CAC Agatston score, menopause profile measures, and PM2.5 from the SWAN Heart Ancillary study. The yearly mean baseline PM2.5 was estimated based on monitors within 20km of the women’s home. Logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between PM2.5 and CAC presence (any) and progression (defined), and generalized linear mixed model was used for repeated measures of CAC, adjusting for confounders. Time-varing menopause status and baseline PM2.5 measure time to final menstrual period (FMP), were tested as modifiers by adding interaction terms into the final model.366 women averaging 51.3 years were identified (N=198 pre-/early peri- menopause, N=129 late peri-/natural post- menopause), and 21% women had CAC presence. For the 253 women with two CAC measures, 20.9% had progression. Overall mean PM2.5 was no difference by CAC (p=0.54). There was no association between PM2.5 and CAC presence/progression, in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. The tested interactions were not statistically significant. Although those are non-significant, larger odds ratios with higher precision of PM2.5 to CAC progression were detected among women in late peri-/natural post- menopause (OR=1.08 95% CI 0.74, 1.58) and of 2 years after FMP (OR=1.03 95% CI 0.60, 1.92), as compared to premenopausal women and those within/prior to FMP with lower values of PM2.5. (Table)We observed no evidence that PM2.5 was associated with the CAC presence/progression among middle-aged women overall. The contrasts were sharpened among women after menopause transition. More methodologic work is needed to evaluate the relationships.

Measuring influential factors for air pollution in New-York-Newark-Jersey City by grey relation analysis

This study investigates variations of air quality index (AQI) for air pollutants in the metropolitan area (New-York-Newark-Jersey City; NY-NJ-PA) during 2010 - 2019 to identify the key influential factors for air pollution using grey relation analysis method. The results show that the annual averages of daily AQI values for multiple pollutants in NY-NJ-PA generally decreased except O3. The AQI values of O3 fluctuate greatly. The main factors affecting AQI values of CO, PM2.5, O3, SO2, and PM10 are the emissions of CO2, SO2, and NOx, whereas the main factors affecting AQI values of NO are the emissions of SO2, population, and NOx.