Hb Values Research Articles

Dynamic Adaptation of Hematological Parameters, Albumin, and Non-Esterified Fatty Acids in Saddlebred and Standardbred Horses During Exercise

The response to exercise following a rest period may vary among horse breeds based on the importance of the hematological and hematochemical profiles of athletic horses. Ten Standardbred and ten Italian Saddlebred mares were subjected to a 4-week training program after a seasonal rest, and hematological parameters (red blood cells—RBCs; hemoglobin—Hb; hematocrit—Hct; platelets—PLTs; platelet aggregation—AG; aggregation slope—Slope; fibrinogen—Fb), as well as Albumin (Alb) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), were analyzed. Blood samples were obtained each week during the training program following a simulated exercise performed at T0 and T4 (T0pre-T0post; T1, T2, T3, and T4pre-T4post). A two-way ANOVA revealed an increase in all assessed parameters post vs. pre at T0 and T4 (p < 0.01) and a decrease in PLTs (p < 0.01) at T0 and T4 in both breeds. A significant effect of breed was observed, with higher values for RBCs and Hb at each time point (p < 0.001); Hct at T0 post, T2, T3, and T4 post; and NEFAs (p < 0.001) at T0 post and T4 post in Standardbred compared to Saddlebred horses. Positive correlations were identified among RBCs, Hb, Hct, PLTs, Alb, and NEFAs in both breeds and between AG and Slope in Saddlebred horses. Negative correlations were identified among AG and RBCs, Hb, Hct, PLTs, Alb, and NEFAs in Standardbred horses and for AG and Slope with RBCs, Hb, Hct, and PLTs in Saddlebred horses. A comparable reaction to training was observed in both breeds following the seasonal rest.

The potential of aloe vera gel utilization for skin wound healing in rats based on GC–MS and HPLC chemical profile

BackgroundWound healing is a restoration process of tissue integrity and function targeting reducing the healing time and complications with priority of available, acceptable and affordable medication. The study aimed to evaluate wound healing of aloe vera gel as raw or ethanol extract on a dorsal full thickness circular wound in Wistar rats. Rats subjected to the excision surgery were grouped into: control (+ ve), without treatment. and Kenacomb, aloe raw gel and aloe ethanol extract applied groups for 3, 7, 14 and 21 days for treatment evaluation. The study chromatographically quantified anthraquinones and identified the raw gel and extract’ compounds. The evaluation was through the assessment of the wound contraction and complete blood count, serum interleukin-4 and skin tissue proline, hydroxyproline, glycine, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide contents and skin histopathology investigation at tested intervals.ResultsRaw gel and extract contained in μg/ml, aloin A (9.23 and 17.22), aloin B (8.87 and 10.31) and emodin (11.66 and 12.66), respectively. The predominates identified percentage in raw gel were coumarins (34.93), fatty acids (28.45), phytosterols (7.77) and tocopherols (8.44) and in gel extract were phytosterols (49.39), fatty acids (29.16) and tocopherols (3.70). Results after 21 days were recorded in + ve control 80.50% wound contraction and showed significantly decreased values of IL-4, lymphocytes, Hb, RBCs and skin glycine, proline, hydroxyproline and NO. Neutrophils, monocytes, platelets and MDA were significantly increased. Histologically revealed epidermal acanthosis, inflammatory infiltration, fibrosis with hair follicles and sebaceous glands loss and dermal hemorrhage. Aloe raw gel revealed incomplete healing (91.79%) and failed to normalize IL-4, lymphocytes, neutrophils and the skin glycine and NO contents. Skin showed moderate epidermal acanthosis, and dermis had fibrosis, hemorrhage and loss of sebaceous glands and hair follicles. The extract group acquired 100% healing, normalized tested parameters and showed skin tissue thinning epidermis and intact dermal tissue with sebaceous glands and hair follicles.ConclusionResults revealed aloe gel ethanol extract advantage over raw gel for wound healing which may be related to chemical constituents’ variation interpreted in interest to the extract as an efficient therapeutic, cost-effective, available wound healing material.

The correlation and predictive value of Hb, RDW and their association for short-term and long-term mortality in patients with acute aortic dissection.

This study examines the relationship between Hb, RDW and their association and both short-term and long-term mortality in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD), aiming to establish combined effect between Hb and RDW as a potential prognostic biomarker for AAD outcomes. We extracted clinical data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC) databases for this analysis. Using adjusted Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival curve analyses, we assessed the relationship between Hb, RDW and their association at admission and mortality at multiple post-discharge intervals (30 days, 90 days, 1 year, and 5 years) among patients with AAD. Additionally, subgroup analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were conducted to evaluate the predictive accuracy of Hb, RDW and their association for mortality in this patient population. High RDW combined with low Hb (RDW ≥ 13.60 and Hb < 7.9) significantly predicted increased mortality at 30 days, 90 days, 1 year, and 5 years post-diagnosis, with hazard ratios (HRs) as follows: 4.33 (95% CI: 1.82-10.33, P < 0.001), 4.48 (95% CI: 2.06-9.77, P < 0.001), 3.38 (95% CI: 1.70-6.70, P < 0.001), and 3.07 (95% CI: 1.66-5.66, P < 0.001), respectively. Hb and RDW are both abnormal (Hb with low level, RDW with high level) is positively correlated with 30 days, 90 days, 1 year, and 5 years mortality risk in patients with AAD. This suggests that combined effect between Hb and RDW is a significant predictor of short-term to long-term mortality risk in this patient population, highlighting its potential utility as a prognostic marker in clinical settings.

Plasma volume variations in response to high intensity interval training in obese women: The influential role of menopausal status and age.

This study aims to explore the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on plasma volume (PV) variations in obese women, with a focus on understanding how menopausal status and age influence these changes. We enrolled fifty-nine obese women (perimenopausal and postmenopausal), aged approximately 56.6 years in a six-week HIIT program. Measurements of fitness, health, and PV were taken before and after the intervention. PV was assessed at two points during each session: at post-warm-up (PV1), and immediately post-training (PV2). These measurements were derived using hematocrit (Ht) and hemoglobin (Hb) values. The intervention led to notable reductions in anthropometric measures and blood pressure (P < 0.01). For all women pre- and post-HIIT comparisons revealed significant differences in the extent of PV reduction at all two points (P < 0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that age was a significant contributor to the decreases in plasma volume (PV) observed both after warm-up and following the supramaximal cycling test - SCT (r = 0.44 and r = 0.57). On the other hand, menopause status was an independent predictor for PV decreases after warm-up (r = 0.33) as well after SCT (r = 0.38). Following HIIT, only menopause status accounted for 19 % of the variation in PV decreases after warm-up and 21 % of the variation in PV decreases after SCT. The findings suggest that HIIT is effective in enhancing plasma volume among obese menopausal women, attenuating the age-related decline in PV.

Effectiveness of Dietary Intervention on Iron Deficiency Anemia among Nursing Students in Selected Nursing Colleges, Mangaluru

Introduction: Anemia is a medical condition characterized by low red blood cell counts, which lead to hypoxia, or insufficient oxygenation of body tissue. Anemia is caused by an inadequate Iron supply in the body. Raising hemoglobin levels is essential in preventing anemia. Anemia is a major nutritional problem in India. The prevalence of anemia is higher among developing nations, because of low socioeconomic status and lack of access to the healthcare services. A study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of dietary interventions on Iron deficiency anemia among selected 1st year B.Sc. Nursing and GNM students in Mangaluru. Method s: An evaluative approach with one- group pre test post test design was used for the study. Permission was obtained from the concerned authority for conducting the study. The purposive sampling technique was used to draw 30 female nursing students. On day 1, Students were assessed for signs and symptoms of Iron deficiency anemia using signs and symptoms checklist and classified as mild, moderate, and severe anemia. Level of anemia was assessed by checking the hemoglobin percentage using hemoglobinometer. The samples who were having Hb percentage below 12gmdl were administered dietary intervention which included rice flake balls (125 gms) and a gooseberry (10 gms) for 30 days and on day 31st, samples were checked for Hb percentage and signs and symptoms of Iron deficiency anemia. Result: In the pre test mean Hb percentage was 10.620 0.875 and in the post test mean Hb percentage was 12.003 1.046 Hb values were increased in the post test. In the pretest majority 70 of them had mild anemia and 30 had moderate anemia. Whereas in the post test all had mild anemia. The pre test mean signs and symptoms score was 4.1 0.9 and the post test mean signs and symptoms score was 1.86 0.68. This shows the post test mean signs and symptoms score was reduced from the pre test. Interpretation: The finding of the study proved that the dietary intervention was an effective measure to improve the hemoglobin level of nursing students. Conclusion: It was concluded that dietary intervention of rice flakes balls and gooseberry administered may be effective in improving iron status of nursing students to prevent Iron deficiency anemia.

Retrospective Analysis of the Efficacy and Safety of Benign Gynecological Laparoscopic Surgery in Patients with a History of Open Abdominal Surgery

Objective : In our clinic, we aim to analyze the operative characteristics and complications of patients who have undergone abdomen surgery prior to total laparoscopic hysterectomy, in comparison to those who have not. Materials and Methods: The study analyzed a total of 2012 cases of laparoscopic hysterectomy conducted at the Women's Diseases and Birth Clinic in Tepecik Training and Research Hospital from January 2021 to December 235. The cases were categorized based on whether the patients had previous abdominal surgery or not. Various demographic characteristics, surgical treatment methods, operation durations, indications for hysterectomy, and postoperative findings were documented. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS program, with a significance level set at P &lt; 0.05. Findings :No significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of age, body mass index (BMI), preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin (Hb) values and values. In contrast, the difference between preop and post op Hb value measurements ; the level of statistically significant is higher in the group without obdomen surgery (p=0,001). There is no statistically significant difference between indications in both groups as surgical indication (p=0,043). In the group without western surgery, adhesion was observed to be statistically significantly lower (p=0,001). In the group with abdomen surgery, the presence of adhesions sufficient to require adezyolisis is statistically significant (p

Accuracy of noninvasive total haemoglobin measurement for detecting anaemia in infants: a cross-sectional study in a well-child care clinic, Khon Kaen, Thailand

ObjectiveInfants are at a high risk of developing anaemia, which can arise from various causes, including inappropriate feeding practices. However, few infants attend anaemia screening programmes due to poor cooperation...

Accuracy of Arterial Blood Gas: Quality Improvement Study

Background: Arterial blood gas (ABG) is indicated in almost all presenting problems in the emergency department (ED). When the clinical diagnosis does not match the ABG diagnosis, particularly in multiorgan failure, physicians level it as inaccurate. With the passage of time the role of ABG has been narrowed to the ICU as a monitor in ventilated patients. The accuracy of ABG can be tested by knowing and comparing the values of Hb% measured though ABG and CBC and by oxygen saturation measured though ABG and pulse oximetry. Method: This was a prospective observational cohort quality improvement study and ABG vs. CBC hemoglobin and ABG vs. pulse-oximeter oxygen saturation in over 74 adult patients admitted to the ED were evaluated in a tertiary care center. Arterial blood was collected properly and ABG-Hb/ABG-SO2 was measured at point-of-care testing with an ABG machine. Venous samples were collected at the same time and properly transported to the laboratory for CBC measurement. SpO2 was measured at bedside through pulse oximeter. Data were entered into a specifically designed database and analyzed statistically. Result: There was a strong positive correlation between ABG-Hb and CBC-Hb (p&lt;0.001). The correlation between ABG-SO2 and pulse-oxi-SpO2 was also significant (p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Both the ABG-Hb vs. CBC-Hb and ABG-SO2 vs. pulse-oxi-SpO2 methods can be used as tools for testing accuracy and improving the quality of ABG. Confident use of ABG in the management of severely ill patients significantly improves outcomes [3]. Keyword: ABG (arterial blood gas); ED (emergency department); CBC (complete blood count); Pulse-Oxi (pulse oximeter); PI (perfusion index).

A correlation study between blood glucose fluctuation and chronic pain in the older people with type 2 diabetes mellitus

ObjectivesTo investigate the correlation between blood glucose fluctuation parameters and other clinical data with chronic pain in older patients ( ≧ 60 years) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as well as evaluating the predictive value of risk of these parameters for chronic pain.MethodsClinical data were collected from 60 older patients with T2DM undergoing chronic pain who were hospitalized in the Department of Geriatric Endocrinology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. Pain scores using the numeric rating scale (NRS) were administered to all study participants by a dedicated person. Based on their pain scores, patients were categorized into two groups: mild pain group (NRS ≤ 5, n = 28) and severe pain group (NRS > 5, n = 32). Blood glucose levels were continuously monitored using the Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS). Spearman correlation analysis was performed to investigate the correlation between pain scores and blood glucose fluctuation parameters, as well as other clinical data of concern. Comparing general clinical information and relevant data recorded by CGMS between the two groups. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors influencing the severity of chronic pain in old patients with T2DM combined with chronic pain. Additionally, the predictive value of Mean Amplitude of Glycemic Excursions (MAGE), Coefficient of Variation (CV), and Time in Range (TIR) for chronic pain severity was assessed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsSpearman correlation analysis revealed positive correlations between pain scores and the following variables: gender, age, duration of diabetes, duration of pain, MAGE, CV, mean blood glucose (MBG), standard deviation (SD), Mean of Daily Differences (MODD), and the highest glucose level. Conversely, pain scores were negatively correlated with red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). There were statistically significant differences in gender, age, disease duration, pain duration, Hb, eGFR, MAGE, CV, TIR, MBG, SD, MODD, and highest blood glucose values between the two groups. The gender, age, duration of diabetes, duration of pain, Hb, eGFR, MAGE, TIR, CV, MBG, SD, and MODD were identified as the risk factors for the severity of chronic pain in older T2DM patients by using binary logistic regression analysis. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve for MAGE was 0.741 (sensitivity: 53.1%, specificity: 89.3%), for CV it was 0.668 (sensitivity: 40.6%, specificity: 89.3%), and for TIR it was 0.763 (sensitivity: 67.9%, specificity: 84%).ConclusionThe chronic pain is strongly correlated with blood glucose fluctuation parameters in older patients with T2DM. This work shows that those indicators of blood glucose fluctuations can be used for predicting chronic pain level in older T2DM patients, providing a potential methodology for rapid evaluation of chronic pain.Clinical trial numberChiCTR1800019107.

Experimental infection of purebred Saanen goats high pathogenicity and virulence of Babesia aktasi.

Small ruminant babesiosis remains a neglected disease despite causing significant economic losses to sheep and goat herds in many regions around the world. The pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of ovine babesiosis are well-known, but there is a lack of information regarding caprine babesiosis. Since the discovery of the first Babesia spp. in 1888, several species/subspecies/genotypes, including Babesia aktasi, have been described. Our recent molecular survey revealed that the parasite is highly prevalent (22.5%) in indigenous goats from Mediterranean region of Türkiye. The aim of this experimental study was to determine the pathogenicity and virulence of B. aktasi in immunosuppressed (n = 5) and immunocompetent (n = 7) purebred Saanen goats. The goats were experimentally infected with fresh B. aktasi infected blood, and examined for clinical, parasitological, hematological, and serum biochemical findings throughout the infection. Following the parasite inoculation, intra-erythrocytic parasites were detected from the 1st day post-infection, followed by an increase in rectal temperature and parasitemia. The parasitemia was detected ranging from 4.3% to 33.5% in the immunosuppressed group, while it was 2.1% to 7.6% in the immunocompetent. Severe clinical symptoms characterized by anemia, jaundice, and hemoglobinuria developed in both groups. A statistically significant inverse correlation was observed between the increase in parasitemia and RBC, WBC, HCT, and Hb values in the goats compared to pre-infection levels. Values of AST, ALT, GGT, Total bilirubin, and Albumin showed a significant increase, with all the immunosuppressed goats dying on the 4th and 7th days post-infection, while four out of seven immunocompetent goats died on between 6-8th days. Severe edema in the lungs, frothy fluid in the trachea, jaundice in the subcutaneous and mesenteric fat, and dark red urine were detected in necropsy. The results obtained in this study demonstrated that B. aktasi was highly pathogenic to purebred Saanen goats. Current work assures valuable insights into the pathogenesis and virulence of B. aktasi and serves as a foundation for future studies to develop effective control strategies against caprine babesiosis.

Evolution of Hematobiochemical Profiles in Newly Diagnosed HIV Patients and HIV-TB Co-Infected Patients: Correlation with Immunological and Virological Status.

CD4+ cells, HIV-1 plasma viral load (PVL), and IFN-γ have been observed to enhance susceptibility in TB infection/reactivation among HIV-1 infected people, leading to unusual clinical manifestations. HIV-TB co-infection is significant for immunological and virological response, making it a great clinical challenge for patient management. The objective of this study was to explore the correlation among various hematological and biochemical profiles with CD4+ count and PVL in order to decipher mechanisms of TB development or reactivation in HIV-infected patients. In this cross-sectional study, we included 200 newly diagnosed treatment naïve HIV-1 infected patients, of which 118 were HIV-TB co-infected and 82 were HIV-alone. The CD4+ T count was determined using the BD FACS Count System, and the plasma HIV-1 viral load was estimated using the Abbott m2000 real-time platform. The hematobiochemical testing was performed on fully-automated analyzer ADVIA® 560 and Cobas® 501 Roche Diagnostics. Statistical software SPSS-2, Spearman correlation analysis was used for data analysis and a P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Declined hemoglobulin level positively correlated with CD4 counts (r = 0.229; p = 0.001), and a negative correlation was observed with HIV-1 plasma viral load (r = -0.171; p = 0.016). Moreover, the CD4+ count and HIV-1 plasma viral load (PVL) were also correlated to anomalies such as thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, eosinophils, neutrophils, ESR, potassium, Albumin, globulin, SGOT, uric acid. Studies also found significantly higher absolute neutrophil count, ESR, and serum fasting blood sugar, creatine, uric acid, total bilirubin, globulin, and alkaline phosphatase in HIV-TB co-infected patients. The initial value of Hb, ESR, absolute neutrophil counts, serum calcium, uric acid, and potassium can be used as an early indicator for active tuberculosis (TB) and as a substitute marker for the course of HIV disease, especially in areas with low resources.

Threshold hemoglobin level for delayed cerebral ischemia: A single-center retrospective analysis

BackgroundDelayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) occurs in approximately 20%–30 % of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This is the most common complication of SAH and has a high mortality rate. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between hemoglobin (Hb) values and DCI and aimed to determine a cutoff Hb value to be used as a predictor of DCI. MethodsA total of 259 patients who were followed up for aneurysmal SAH at the Neurosurgery Clinic of Health Sciences University Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital were included in our study. The patients were categorized into three groups according to Hb levels, low: <10 g/dl, moderate:10–13 g/dl, and high: >13 g/dl, and the relationship between Hb value and DCI and clinical outcomes was examined. Further, the cutoff Hb value for predicting DCI was determined by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. ResultsStatistical analyses revealed that patients with low Hb levels of <10 g/dl had a higher frequency of DCI than those with Hb levels of <10.75 g/dl. In addition, pairwise analyses based on the determined cutoff value revealed that patients with Hb levels <10.75 g/dl experienced DCI more frequently. ConclusionThis study aimed to determine the utility of Hb levels as a predictor of DCI by examining its risk factors. The cutoff Hb level determined here is an important predictive factor for DCI, and the results provide promising evidence in term of early detection of DCI.

The Effectiveness of Mung Beans and Katuk Leaves on Increasing Hemoglobin Levels in Maternity at TPMB Rennie Yuwitasari in 2022

Background : An iron-rich protein called hemoglobin has an affinity for oxygen, which causes it to produce oxyhemoglobin in red blood cells. O2 (oxygen) will be transported from the lungs to the body's tissues as a result of this function. Purpose of Writing: to determine the Effectiveness of Mung Beans and Katuk Leaves on Increased Hemoglobin Levels in Mothers Giving Birth at TPMB Rennie Yuwitasari Year 2022”. Research Method : This research is an experiment designed One – group pre test – post test design. A sample of 15 people with a quantitative approach. The study population was 20 postpartum mothers who attended TPMB Rennie Yuwitasari. The sampling method used consisted of a total sample of 20 people who were divided into two groups, namely 10 groups receiving green beans and 10 groups receiving katuk leaves. The sampling technique used was accidental sampling. Research results: It is known that the Hb assessment before giving katuk leaves obtained an average value of 10.300 and a standard deviation of 0.7832 with a minimum Hb rating of 8.8 and a maximum of 11.4 while after giving katuk leaves , the mean value was 11.230, with a standard deviation of 0.5877, and the Hb value ranged from 9.8 to 12.0. We got Asimp. The Sig (2-Sided) value is 0.169, and because 0.169 &gt; 0.05 the hypothesis is not proven. This means that there is no difference in giving katuk leaves or green beans to increase hemoglobin levels. So that it can be concluded that bivariate data analysis, namely green beans and katuk leaves have the same effectiveness value in increasing Hb levels in postpartum mothers at TPMB Rennie Yuwitasari. Conclusions and Suggestions: The findings of this study are expected to increase postpartum mothers' understanding of increasing Hb levels by consuming green beans and katuk leaves which have been proven to increase Hb levels.

A Porcine-Derived Heme Iron Powder Restores Hemoglobin in Anemic Rats.

Iron-fortified foods reduce the incidence of iron deficiency anemia. However, the nutritional efficacy of heme iron fortificants is unclear. In this study, we determined the hemoglobin regeneration efficiency (HRE) of a porcine-derived heme iron powder (HIP), treating anemic rats (hemoglobin (Hb) 3-6 g/dL) with 14-day repletion diets fortified with four different concentrations (12, 24, 36, or 48 mg iron/kg diets) of HIP or a control diet ("no added iron"); n = 9-12/group. Our results demonstrate an inverse association between HRE and increasing dietary iron from the HIP. The HRE ratios of diets containing the HIP powder at 12, 24, 36, or 48 mg iron/kg were 0.508, 0.268, 0.273, and 0.223, respectively. Based on the mean final Hb values at 14 d, the HRE ratio of the 12 mg iron/kg diet was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) compared to the other HIP diet groups; however, only the HIP provided in the 36 and 48 mg iron/kg diets restored hemoglobin to high enough levels (mean Hb > 6 g/dL) to correct anemia. Our findings show that HIP at each of the concentrations tested increased Hb; moreover, when present at higher concentrations in the diet, the HIP is capable of restoring hemoglobin to resolve iron deficiency anemia.

The Effectiveness of Health Education to Increasing Hemoglobin Levels in Pregnant Women as Stunting Prevention Effort

Stunting is a nutritional health problem that is the center of attention worldwide with cases reaching 150.8 million people (22.2%). Stunting causes failure of growth and development of toddlers which has an impact on increasing mortality, morbidity, physical and cognitive disorders in adolescence and adulthood. Mothers who are malnourished during pregnancy are prone to anemia. Mothers with anemia can give birth to children who are at risk of stunting. This study aims to see the effectiveness of health education on increasing hemoglobin in pregnant women to prevent stunting. This research method was quasi-experimental with one group pre-post test. Sampling was done by purposive sampling method. The number of samples in this study was 60 samples. The data were analyzed using a normality test, and then a different test was performed using Wilcoxon. This study was conducted from August-September 2020. The results showed the effectiveness of health education during pregnancy in increasing the Hb value in pregnant women as indicated by the difference in the average Hb concentration before the intervention and after the intervention with a value of sig. (0.00) &lt; (0.05). It was expected that health workers in primary health care facilities and hospitals provide continuous education to pregnant women in fulfilling balanced nutrition and consuming at least 90 iron tablets during pregnancy to prevent stunting.Keywords: Health education, hemoglobin, pregnant women, stunting.

Blood Loss in Women of Childbearing Potential Taking Oral Anticoagulants for Venous Thromboembolism (The BLEED Study).

Oral anticoagulants (OAC) may exacerbate menstrual bleeding in women of childbearing age; however, the existing literature on this issue has several limitations. This study investigates abnormal uterine bleeding in women of childbearing age taking OAC-vitamin K antagonists or direct oral anticoagulants-for venous thromboembolism through a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. Uterine bleeding was assessed using the Pictorial Blood Assessment Chart (PBAC) and hemoglobin (Hb) values during anticoagulation compared with prior therapy. The number of unplanned medical visits for bleeding complications was also calculated. From June 2014 to November 2023, 110 women were recruited (median age, 36 years). PBAC scores correlated with Hb values at baseline and during therapy (analysis of variance [ANOVA], p < 0.01), with a significant difference in Hb values before and during anticoagulant therapy (delta Hb) among groups (ANOVA, p.0.034). Seventeen women (15.5%) reported uterine fibroids, experiencing a greater reduction in Hb values during anticoagulant administration than women without uterine fibroids (delta 0.3, interquartile range [IQR]: 0.8, 2.9 vs. 0.5, IQR 1.2, 0.3; p.0.012). Women with selfreported uterine fibroids required more frequent unplanned medical consultations for bleeding (mean visits 5 vs. 4, respectively; Poisson regression, p < 0.05). Among women with uterine fibroids, those taking apixaban showed smaller Hb changes than those on other oral anticoagulants (ANOVA, p.0.047). This difference persisted even after adjusting for potential confounders (multiple ANOVA, p.0.004). Women of childbearing age taking OAC frequently experience changes in Hb values and PBAC scores during treatment, with uterine fibroids playing a significant role.

Hematological parameters of the European hake (Merluccius merluccius) in Toroneos Gulf, northern Greece: A case study.

The European hake (Merluccius merluccius) is a commercially valuable demersal species widely distributed in the Mediterranean Sea. Assessing the condition of fish populations in their natural habitats is challenging due to the lack of reliable reference points. This study aimed to utilize hematological analysis as an economical method to evaluate the physiological and health status of European hake, addressing the gap in hematological data for this species. Blood samples were collected from the caudal vein of 40 adult European hakes caught from the Toroneos Gulf (northern Greece) using a commercial bottom otter trawl. An automated hematological analyzer was used to assess hematological parameters alongside biometric and biological indices. Female hakes showed significantly higher white blood cell (WBC) counts, thrombocyte (TC) counts, and red cell distribution width (RDW) than their male counterparts. Strong correlations were observed among various hematological parameters, notably between WBC and red blood cells (RBCs), hematocrit (Ht), and hemoglobin (Hb); between RBC and both Ht and Hb; between TC and both mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width (PDW); and between mean corpuscular Hb concentration and RDW. Significant differences were noted in RBCs, Hb, and Ht compared to data from wild-caught European hake populations in Argentina and Denmark. Both trawling depth and duration were found to significantly affect RBC, WBC, Hb, and Ht values, while having no notable impact on TC. Fish captured at an average depth of 80 m and with a trawling duration of 30 min exhibited significantly elevated hematological indices. This study demonstrates that hematological analysis is a valuable, cost-effective tool for assessing the physiological and health status of European hake populations in the Mediterranean. Notable differences in hematological parameters based on sex, as well as significant correlations among key blood metrics, underscore the importance of understanding species-specific hematological profiles. The influence of trawling depth and duration on certain blood parameters highlights the need for standardized sampling protocols in population health assessments. These findings contribute essential baseline hematological data for European hake, facilitating more informed fisheries management and conservation strategies.

Timing of Anticoagulation Resumption After Spontaneous Rectus Hematoma

Objective:Rectus sheath hematoma (RSH) is a rare condition characterized by acute abdominal pain and development of a mass on the abdominal wall. It is caused by bleeding resulting from the rupture of one of the inferior epigastric arteries or a tear in the rectus muscle. It is associated with trauma and anticoagulant usage. Although there have been no substantial advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of RSH in recent years, it is anticipated that the incidences of RSH will increase with the rising use of anticoagulants. Surgery is rarely performed, but patients are monitored in general surgery departments. Treatment requires maintaining a delicate balance between the risks of bleeding and thrombosis. This study aims to present nontraumatic RSH cases treated in our clinic, supported by a review of the literature. Methods: This retrospective multicenter study included patients over 18 years of age who were admitted with a diagnosis of nontraumatic RSH between 2020 and 2021 at the Department of General Surgery, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Faculty of Medicine, and the General Surgery Clinic of Kayseri City Hospital. Patients diagnosed with RSH were identified by reviewing clinical protocol records and digital databases. The demographic data of the patients, such as age and gender, physical examination findings at admission, medications used, comorbidities, complete blood count, international normalized ratio and other laboratory information, imaging methods used for diagnosis, and receipt and quantity of blood products, were recorded. Following diagnosis, patients were monitored for one month for bleeding (recurrent bleeding, gastrointestinal bleeding, and intracranial bleeding) and thrombotic complications (heart valve thrombosis, cerebrovascular events, and pulmonary embolism). Results: Of the 32 patients included in the study, 24 were men (75%) and eight were women (25%). Abdominal pain and palpable swelling were common complaints in all patients. Patient age ranged between 27 and 92 years with a mean age of 70.6 ± 12.9 years. Mean length of hospital stay was 12.6 ± 12.0 days, and 28% of the patients stayed in the intensive care unit for a mean duration of 2.8 ± 6.3 days. Correlation analysis revealed a weak positive correlation between the size of the hematoma on imaging and length of hospital stay and a weak negative correlation between Hb value at diagnosis and length of hospital stay (p = 0.017 and r = 0.426). Conclusion: Nontraumatic RSH is a potentially fatal condition that requires hospitalization and intensive care unit admission as well as substantial amounts of blood transfusion. There is a relationship between the imaging method used at admission and the length of hospital stay as well as the hemoglobin level of the patient.

Oxygen extraction–guided transfusion strategy in critically ill patients: study protocol for a randomised, open-labelled, controlled trial

IntroductionIn critically ill patients, individualised strategies for red blood cell transfusion (RBCT) are lacking. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the potential advantages of employing an individualised transfusion...

Anemia Acuity Effect on Transfusion Strategies in Acute Myocardial Infarction

In patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI), limited physiologic adaptation to acute anemia might lead to greater benefit from a liberal red blood cell (RBC) transfusion strategy. Data on such a possible benefit are lacking. To compare acute anemia with chronic anemia and post-MI outcomes and estimate the differential effect of a restrictive RBC transfusion strategy compared with a liberal strategy on post-MI outcomes according to anemia acuity. A prespecified subgroup analysis of the Myocardial Ischemia and Transfusion (MINT) multicenter randomized clinical trial was conducted in 126 hospitals in 6 countries between April 26, 2017, and April 14, 2023, with 30-day follow-up and blinded adjudication of the primary outcome. The analysis included 3144 of 3504 MINT participants (89.7%) with acute MI, a hemoglobin (Hb) level less than 10 g/dL at randomization, and a first Hb measurement available on the day of or the day following hospital admission. The MINT trial randomized participants to a restrictive (Hb <7-8 g/dL) or liberal (Hb <10 g/dL) RBC transfusion strategy. Acute anemia was defined as having a first Hb value greater than 13 g/dL (men) or 12 g/dL (women), or as having a decrease greater than or equal to 2 g/dL between the first Hb measurement and measurement at randomization. Other Hb levels were categorized as chronic anemia. The primary outcome was a composite of death or recurrent MI up to 30 days after randomization. Secondary outcomes were death, recurrent MI, cardiac death, heart failure, pulmonary complications, and major bleeding events. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed. Among 3144 included participants (mean [SD] age, 72.3 [11.6] years; 1715 [54.5%] male; 1307 [41.6%] with type 1 MI), 1078 [34.3%]) had acute anemia. Acute anemia was associated with an increased risk of death or recurrent MI (adjusted risk ratio, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.05-1.48). The effect of a restrictive RBC transfusion strategy compared with a liberal strategy was similar for participants with either acute or chronic anemia for all outcomes. In this secondary analysis of the MINT trial, acute anemia was associated with less favorable post-MI outcomes than chronic anemia but did not modify the effects of the randomized transfusion strategy. In patients with anemia and MI, the acuity of anemia should not influence the choice of transfusion trigger. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02981407.