Value Of Entropy Generation Research Articles

Thermal energy storage, heat transfer, and thermodynamic behaviors of nano phase change material in a concentric double tube unit with triple tree fins

The contribution of this study is the proposal of a synergistic composite enhancement strategy involving tree fins and nanomaterials to improve the low thermal performance of phase change material (lauric acid) in a typical double tube latent heat thermal energy storage unit. The effects of nanoparticle concentrations and tree fin branching angles on the fluid dynamics, melting time, heat transfer, energy storage, and entropy generation characteristics were investigated. By employing tree fins, the melting time was respectively reduced by up to 60.20% and 36.05% compared to the finless case and the rectangular fins, while the energy storage power was respectively boosted by up to 143.36% and 37.45%. The increase of nanoparticle concentration was beneficial for melting heat transfer, and the dendritic fins with a bottom angle of 90° and a top angle of 30° yielded the highest energy storage performance. The total entropy generation of the melting process was mainly governed by the thermal entropy generation, and it showed a decreasing trend with the increase of time. In contrast to the finless configuration, the incorporation of fins diminished the integrated entropy generation value. Similarly, an elevation in nanoparticle concentration also led to a reduction of the integrated entropy generation value.

Numerical energy and entropy analyses of a tube with wavy tape insert including CoFe2O4/water nanofluid under laminar regime

The primary objective of this investigation is to assess the impact of vortex generator geometry and nanofluid on thermohydraulic and irreversibility characteristics within a laminar flow regime. The study introduces an original CoFe2O4/H2O (1 % vol.) nanofluid and employs a wave tape insert to induce forced convection in a tube, accompanied by first and second-law thermodynamic analysis. The novelty of this research lies in the numerical exploration of heat transfer and flow profiles for a nanofluid in a tube, varying the wave rate (y = 4-5-6). The investigation considers the laminar model and single-phase approach in all analyses under constant heat flux (q” = 2000 W/m2). The study observed that the nanofluid flowing in the tube with a wave ratio of 4, 5, and 6 resulted in an average enhancement in the Nusselt number of 93.25 %, 86.26 %, and 80.06 %, respectively. The optimal performance evaluation criterion (PEC) for water flowing in the tube with a wave ratio of 6 at Re = 500 exhibited an increase of 11.0 %, whereas the CoFe2O4/H2O flow showed a 9.14 % increment in the average PEC along the Reynolds number. Moreover, the total entropy generation values for water flowing in tubes with wave ratios of 5, 6, and 4 exhibited increases of 101.88 %, 94.66 %, and 51.34 %, respectively, in comparison to the smooth tube.

A combined cyclic viscoplasticity and entropy generation approach for modelling fatigue crack growth behavior of a nickel-based superalloy at high temperature

This paper developed an entropy-based approach to estimate the fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior of GH4169 at high temperature. Firstly, systematic FCG experiments of GH4169 at 650 °C were conducted to obtain the experimental data. Then, a finite element analysis combined with Chaboche viscoplasticity and node release technology was developed to obtain cyclic stress–strain responses and entropy generation fields. Based on thermodynamic analysis, numerous discrete material elements as sub-systems were divided along the crack growth direction in simplified representative 2D middle section. Fracture process zone (FPZ) was defined equal to the size of discrete material elements (ρ) which can be determined by distribution of normal stress perpendicular to the crack plane. Subsequently, an effective cyclic entropy generation related to ρ was defined as the crack driving force. Effective cumulative entropy generation was calculated when crack increment was ρ and the results indicated that effective cumulative entropy generation float within a certain range. The average of all effective cumulative entropy generation values was defined as crack growth entropy. Finally, an entropy-based FCG rate model was established to estimate the FCG behavior of GH4169, and a good correlation between experimental results and model predictions are achieved for all the high temperature FCG tests.

Interrelationships of entropy production and turbulence kinetic energy associated with simple angle and compound angle full coverage film cooling

The present paper compares experimentally-measured distributions of entropy generation with numerically-predicted distributions of streamwise vorticity, turbulence kinetic energy, and production of turbulence kinetic energy. These comparisons are provided for two full-coverage film cooling environments which are designed to model the thermal management arrangements employed for combustor liners within gas turbine engines. One of these arrangements includes alternating compound angle values of +30° in one row of holes, followed by −30° in the next row of holes. The other arrangement includes simple angle holes with a zero degree compound angle value. The associated full-coverage film cooled boundary layers are investigated within a double-wall cooling test facility wherein the air for each full-coverage film cooling arrangement is provided by an impingement jet array. Experimentally-measured entropy generation values are obtained from film cooled boundary layer measurements of local total pressure variations, obtained in isothermal flow, relative to the freestream values outside of the boundary layer. The resulting entropy generation values quantify second law losses, which are associated with aerodynamic gains. To obtain the associated numerical-prediction results for a steady-state, three-dimensional flow field, employed is the ANSYS FLUENT Version 2022 R2 computational code with a SST k–ω turbulence closure model. The resulting comparisons of entropy generation, streamwise vorticity, turbulence kinetic energy, and production of turbulence kinetic energy are provided for a blowing ratio BR of 2.9 for simple angle film cooling with a main flow Reynolds number Rems of 138,000, and for compound angle film cooling with a main flow Reynolds number Rems of 142,000. Overall, evidence is provided of strong relationships between local turbulence kinetic energy and local entropy production since the two quantities are highly correlated with each other over s substantial range of experimental conditions and configurations. For example, ratio of turbulence kinetic energy to entropy generation data collapse for Z/de values from 0 to 3.5 for Y/de = 0.5, Y/de = 1.5, and both film cooling arrangements. Here, the value of the TKE/Sgen ratio is approximately constant for these conditions, which evidences direct and simple dependences of local turbulence kinetic energy upon local entropy generation, even for lower magnitudes of Z/de. The direct and simple dependences of local turbulence kinetic energy upon local entropy generation are further illustrated by the simplicity of linear correlation equations, which represent physical behavior for different conditions and configurations. These correlation equations are developed for three arrangements, which are associated with X/de = 54.54.

Significance of dust particles volume fraction to optimization of entropy in magnetohydrodynamic mixed convection flow via inclined surface

The main purpose of this study is to assessment the rate of entropy generation in magneto-hydrodynamic free convection with flow through the boundary layers of a fluid that is viscous and dusty fluid flow subject to dispersed dust particles across the stretching surface. Dusty fluids are utilized in a wide range of construction and manufacturing sectors, included the transportation of petroleum, gas purification, auto exhaust fumes, power station piping, sedimentation process, and many more. The primary objective of this elaborated fluid problem is to observe the influence of dust particles volume fraction on the heat transfer rate and entropy generation. By using appropriate similarity transformation, for first fluid phase and second dust phase simulations, the governing partial differential equations are transfigured into nonlinear non-dimensional ordinary differential equations. The final forms of obtained equations are solved numerically via MATLAB built-in bvp4c solver scheme. When the scientific validity of the findings is analyzed, it is found that there is substantial agreement among the latest results and the existing research. The entropy generation and thermal performance in fluid is influenced by the growing volume fraction of dust particles and significance variation is noted. As volume fraction of dust particles increased, causes a decrease in fluid flow, and reduced the velocity of both fluid and dusty fluid phases. But, it plays remarkable improvement in fluid temperature and entropy generation, and cause a decline in Bejan number. In fluid phase and dust fluid phase, temperatures are increased while inclined angle fluid parameter strength increases while the fluid velocity is decreased. Additionally, dimensionless variable expressions for Bejan number (Be) and entropy generation (Ns) are produced. It is noticed how several physical attributes influence entropy generation values.

Numerical study of surface radiation-natural convection entropy generation in a 2D cavity using the LBM

This paper investigated the surface radiation-natural convection heat transfer with entropy generation in a 2D rectangular cavity. Also, the effects of Ra and ε were analyzed on radiation entropy generation (REG), conduction entropy generation (CEG), and fluid flow friction entropy generation (FEG). For problem simulation, energy and momentum equations were solved by the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), and thermal radiation was investigated using the surface radiation method with gray surfaces. The top and the bottom walls are adiabatic, and the sidewalls are at a constant temperature. Simulations were conducted for Ra = 104, 105, and 106, and ε = 0, 0.5, 0.8, and 1. Results show that REG has a symmetrical distribution on the constant temperature walls and the cold wall has the most REG. Higher REG and lower CEG are the consequence of increasing ε, furthermore, both of them increase by increasing Ra and vice versa. FEG has the lowest value of entropy generation for all Ra and can be neglected, therefore Be is very close to 1 in all cases. In addition, conduction (for ε=0, and 0.5) and radiation (for ε=0.8, and 1) have the most entropy generation. Generally, The total entropy generation (TEG) increases with increasing Ra and ε.

Entropy analysis and MHD mixed convection heat transfer of the magnetic nanofluid in an asymmetric T-shaped cavity using the lattice Boltzmann method

The magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convection of titanium oxide/water nanofluids (NFs) in a T-shaped two-dimensional cavity is studied numerically in this article. The upper wall of the cavity has a low temperature and the lower walls of the cavity have a high temperature. The cavity has an inclination angle of 45⁰ under the influence of a horizontal magnetic field (MFD) with Ha = 20. On the upper wall, the slip parameter is changed from 0 to 0.1. The values ​​of entropy generation (ETG), Bejan number (Be), and Nusselt number (Nu), as well as velocity and temperature contours, are presented for different slip parameters when Richardson number (Ri) changes in the range of 0.1 to 100. Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is used for simulations. The results demonstrate that an enhancement of the slip parameter causes a decrease in the ETG and a reduction in Nu slightly. ETG and Nu have a decreasing trend by changing Ri from 0.1 to 10; but, they are increased with a further increase of Ri to 100. With an increase in Ri, the local Nusselt number on the left side of the cold wall decreases.

Entropic Analysis of Processes in Control Valves

The thermodynamic analysis of irreversible processes has an important influence in energy efficiency growing of any thermodynamic processes or systems. All of thermodynamic processes are entropy generators but there are processes with such a high level of irreversibility so that couldn’t be ignored. That is why is so important to identify what causes entropy generation and also to identify those system components that contribute the most to the overall irreversibility of the thermodynamic system. One of the processes with the highest level of entropy generation is flow with friction in various ducts and flow networks such as control valves. In order to see the direct connection between frictional pressure drop and thermodynamic irreversibility the paper will firstly analyze the steady and adiabatic flow of pure substance through a short segment of pipe with variable section (control valve). Because the entropy generation value during the throttling process is proportional to control valve pressure drop, the paper will do a flow thermodynamic analysis inside the control valve and the conclusions about drop pressure in different working conditions will be taken. Pressure drops along a valve are not constant, but rather vary in relation to the port left open by the plug. They normally increase as the valve narrowest section is reduced, although the upstream drop does increase at a slower rate than the downstream one. Actual increases and decreases in pressure drop and their effects are related to valve type and flow direction. It can be deduced that, for all types, pressure drops increase at flow tending to close, mainly as a result of the increased drop generated downstream. Also, the paper will take into account the drop pressure variation during the substance flow and will be analyzed its influence on the process irreversibility. In the same time, the paper will analyze the change of state influence during the liquid throttling process on the entropy generation, in situations of low titer bipolar phase fluid or high titer bi-phase fluid and will identify this phenomenon effects and remedies.

Frictional, thermal, and total entropy generation of two-phase nanofluid turbulent flow in a circular heatsink: A numerical study

This article presents a numerical study on entropy generation (ETG), including thermal, frictional, and total ETG of alumina/water nanofluid (NFD) flow in an aluminum heatsink (HSK). The HSK with reciprocating channels is designed to cool seven LEDs. The NFD flow is in a turbulent regime and is analyzed using a two-phase model. The HSK is circular and includes two inlets on two different sides and four outlets on the other two sides. COMSOL software is employed to simulate the HSK. The amounts of pressure and temperature in the HSK channels are estimated. The results demonstrate that frictional ETG changes from 0.17 W/s to 5.37 W/s in the range of studied variables. Frictional ETG is larger than thermal ETG, and as a result, the effect of frictional ETG on total ETG is greater. The maximum and minimum values of total ETG are 5.37 W/s and 0.17 W/s which occur at the maximum and minimum NFD velocities, respectively. The maximum value of thermal ETG corresponds to the smallest dimensions of heat sources and the minimum NFD velocity. The minimum amount of thermal ETG is related to the largest dimensions of heat sources and the maximum NFD velocity.

Thermal irreversibility demystified

PurposeThis study aims to understand the difference between irreversibility in heat and work transfer processes. It also aims to explain that Helmholtz or Gibbs energy does not represent “free” energy but is a measure of loss of Carnot (reversible) work opportunity.Design/methodology/approachThe entropy of mass is described as the net temperature-standardised heat transfer to mass under ideal conditions measured from a datum value. An expression for the “irreversibility” is derived in terms of work loss (Wloss) in a work transfer process, unaccounted heat dissipation (Qloss) in a heat transfer process and loss of net Carnot work (CWnet) opportunity resulting from spontaneous heat transfer across a finite temperature difference during the process. The thermal irreversibility is attributed to not exploiting the capability for extracting work by interposing a combination of Carnot engine(s) and/or Carnot heat pump(s) that exchanges heat with the surrounding and operates across the finite temperature difference.FindingsIt is shown, with an example, how the contribution of thermal irreversibility, in estimating reversible input work, amounts to a loss of an opportunity to generate the net work output. The opportunity is created by exchanging heat with surroundings whilst transferring the same amount of heat across finite temperature difference. An entropy change is determined with a numerical simulation, including calculation of local entropy generation values, and results are compared with estimates based on an analytical expression.Originality/valueA new interpretation of entropy combined with an enhanced mental image of a combination of Carnot engine(s) and/or Carnot heat pump(s) is used to quantify thermal irreversibility.

Fatigue life prediction of AZ31B magnesium alloy based on fracture fatigue entropy

In this paper, changes in entropy generation, entropy flow and damage are discussed under cyclic loading for AZ31 magnesium alloy. Results show that the entropy generation increases sharply at the beginning of the cycle, decreases to a certain extent and remains stable. The evolution law of entropy flow is similar to that of temperature in the magnesium alloy fatigue process. Fatigue damage rises exponentially and increases rapidly after the damage reaches 0.3. The relationship between the fatigue fracture entropy model and cycle times, which can predict the fatigue life well, is established. The relationship between the stable value of entropy generation and cyclic loading is also established. The fatigue limit is 102.25 MPa, and the error is 6.8%.

A modified exergy evaluation of using carbon-black/water/EG nanofluids as coolant of photovoltaic modules

To provide the progressive global demand for energy, the use of renewable energies is being rapidly developed. Since solar radiation is available in most parts of the earth, the photovoltaic (PV) power plant is one of the worthwhile solutions. As a deficiency, temperature rise in photovoltaic cells leads to a drop in their electrical output power. In this experimental study, the circulation of carbon black nanofluid was investigated as a coolant of PV modules. Both water and ethylene glycol (EG) were used as the base fluids. It is found that all modified cases generate more output power than the conventional one. For instance, water + carbon nanofluid yields 54% more output power compared with the conventional one. To make a real assessment of using nanofluid as a coolant, the electrical consumption by pump and fan must be counted. Therefore, in this study, the net output power is calculated. In the cases of EG and EG + carbon, the net output powers get lower than the conventional module. So, they are not justifiable. In this paper, a modified formula is proposed to calculate the exergy efficiency, in order to achieve more accurate results. Accordingly, from an exergy viewpoint, 16.3% and 4.5% in electrical and thermal exergy efficiencies are achieved, when water + carbon nanofluid was used. Moreover, the values of entropy generation and lost exergy were reported for all considered cases.

A Possibility for Quantitative Detection of Mechanically-Induced Invisible Damage by Thermal Property Measurement via Entropy Generation for a Polymer Material.

Entropy generation from a mechanical and thermal perspective are quantitatively compared via molecular dynamic (MD) simulations and mechanical and thermal experiments. The entropy generation values regarding mechanical tensile loading—which causes invisible damage—of the Polyamide 6 (PA6) material are discussed in this study. The entropy values measured mechanically and thermally in the MD simulation were similar. To verify this consistency, mechanical and thermal experiments for measuring entropy generation were conducted. The experimentally obtained mechanical entropy was slightly less than that calculated by MD simulation. The thermal capacity is estimated based on the specific heat capacity measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), applying the assumed extrapolation methods. The estimated entropy generation was higher than the aforementioned values. There is a possibility that the entropy-estimating method used in this study was inappropriate, resulting in overestimations. In any case, it is verified that entropy increases with mechanical loading and material invisible damage can be qualitatively detected via thermal property measurements.

Entropy generation analysis of laminar forced convection with nanofluids at pore length scale in porous structures with Kelvin cells

A numerical investigation on foams in forced convection with Kelvin cell structure is carried out on water/Al2O3 nanofluids. The three-dimensional governing equations are written considering the single-phase model for the nanofluid. The analyzed foams have a porosity of ɛ = 0.95 and four different pore density values, with cells per inch (CPI) equal to 5, 10, 20 and 40, with assigned heat flux on the surface. The nanofluid velocity is in the range 0.003–0.1 m/s and the Reynolds number ranges from 0.6 to 5 × 102. It is observed that thermal development occurs first for the lowest velocities and for highest CPI values whereas the maximum temperature is obtained for the 5 CPI configuration and v = 0.003 m/s. Results show that the highest local entropy generation values are recorded near the points at higher temperature in correspondence with the inlet section and close to the geometric variation of the cells. The local entropy generation density reaches the maximum value at 40 CPI for the maximum velocity considered of 0.1 m/s. Global dimensionless entropy generation decreases for Reynolds number increases and the opposite is related to the dimensionless viscous entropy generation. Thermal dimensionless entropy generation is significantly greater than the dimensionless viscous entropy generation.

Coupling of BGK lattice Boltzmann method and experimental rheological/thermal behavior of Al2O3–oil nanolubricant for modeling of a finned thermal storage

PurposeThe purpose of the present work is to investigate the hydrodynamic and thermal performance of a thermal storage based on the numerical and experimental approaches using the lattice Boltzmann method and the experimental observation on the thermo-physical properties of the operating fluid.Design/methodology/approachFor this purpose, the Al2O3 nanoparticle is added to the lubricant with four nanoparticle concentrations, including 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6Vol.%. After preparing the nanolubricant samples, the thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity of nanolubricant are measured using thermal analyzer and viscometer, respectively. Finally, the extracted data are used in the numerical simulation using provided correlations. In the numerical process, the lattice Boltzmann equations based on Bhatnagar–Gross Krook model are used. Also, some modifications are applied to treat with the complex boundary conditions. In addition, the second law analysis is used based on the local and total views.FindingsDifferent types of results are reported, including the flow structure, temperature distribution, contours of local entropy generation, value of average Nusselt number, value of entropy generation and value of Bejan number.Originality/valueThe originality of this work is combining a modern numerical methodology with experimental data to simulate the convective flow for an industrial application.

How does obesity affect bioenergetics in human respiratory muscles?

Obesity prevalence is increasing worldwide, and it causes restrictions in the respiratory system. Bioenergetics is known as energy management in a living cell. Respiratory muscle can be considered a thermodynamic machine that converts chemical energy into mechanical work during each breathing cycle. This research aimed to reveal glucose consumption, exergy destruction, and entropy generation in healthy, obese, and obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) patients using thermodynamic analysis of the work of breathing. A human respiratory system was modeled thermodynamically for healthy, obese, and OHS patients. The systems were analyzed by applying the first and second laws of thermodynamics. Our simulations show that obese and OHS patients consume approximately 5 and 8 times more glucose, respectively, than their healthy counterparts: 0.2 mmol/min for healthy, 1.06 mmol/min for obese, and 1.59 mmol/min for OHS. Exergy destruction values for the healthy, obese, and OHS models were calculated as 6.41 × 10−3 (kJ/min), 4.85 × 10−2 (kJ/min), and 6.16 × 10−2 (kJ/min), respectively. Entropy generation values of the healthy, obese, and OHS models throughout the breathing cycle were 2.15 × 10−5 (kJ/K)/min, 1.63 × 10−4 (kJ/K)/min, and 2.07 × 10−4 (kJ/K)/min, respectively. Thermodynamic balances and calculations were performed to simulate the bioenergetic changes happening during breathing. The obese and OHS models had significantly increased glucose consumption, exergy destruction, and entropy generation than the healthy model. The results point to the fact that respiratory performance is associated with obesity and excessive food consumption damages the respiratory system.

Energy and exergy analysis of a novel humidification-dehumidification desalination system with fogging technique

The availability of fresh water is essential for human being lives existence. But most of the time, it is not a naturally guaranteed and accessible option for nearly all the world's countries. As a mission to maintain the presence of freshwater, the aim of this paper is to provide and examine a new humidification-dehumidification (HDH) water desalination system. The provided HDH system is equipped with the fogging nozzles technique that is experimentally proofed, when compared to other HDH systems, to impacting the performance positively in terms of reducing the exergy destruction of the desalination process. A regular jet nozzle and two fogging nozzles with different droplet sizes (20 and 30 microns) were used to examine the effect of the droplet size on the amount of entropy generation. For all air flow rates, using the fogging nozzles reduces the total specific entropy generation greatly in comparison with the regular jet nozzle. The 20-micron nozzle shows a higher ability in reducing the specific entropy generation when compared to the 30-micron nozzle. The performance of the HDH system was judged using the gained-output ratio (GOR). The maximum GOR value of 3.4, and the minimum specific entropy generation value of 0.235 were achieved at a 0.78 mass flow rate ratio, which indicates that using the fogging nozzles technique increases the recovered energy from the humidifier's freshwater outlet. The entropy generation curve for the humidifier and the dehumidifier experienced no change under the variations of the mass flow rate ratio. Therefore, the fogging nozzles technique limits the entropy generation in the HDH system even at higher seawater inlet flow rates due to the larger contact area and the smaller water droplets that generate higher evaporation and condensation rates at the humidifier and dehumidifier units, respectively. Furthermore, it was found that increasing the inlet air temperature has positive effects on the HDH system by reducing slightly the total amount of entropy generation.

Turbulent Forced Convection and Entropy Generation of Impinging Jets of Water-Al2O3 Nanofluid on Heated Blocks

A computational analysis on water-Al2O3 nanofluid turbulent forced convection is performed to analyze heat transfer and entropy production in a channel containing heated blocks, cooled by impinging jets. The two phase mixture model (TPMM) is used. The increase in the Reynolds number (Re) and the volume fraction of nanoparticles (φ), the decrease in spacing between the heated block (Db) and moving the location of the second jet (J2) to the first jet (J1) contribute to increasing the heat transfer rate (HTR).In addition, the TPMM gives higher values of average Nusselt number (Nu) than the single-phase model (SPM). The thermal (𝑆𝑔 ,𝑡ℎ), frictional (𝑆𝑔 ,𝜈) and total (𝑆𝑔 ,𝑡) entropy generation values increase with Re and φ. When Db is reduced, 𝑆𝑔,𝑡 increases. However, 𝑆𝑔 ,𝑡 increases when the jet position vary from J2 to J1. Different correlations are proposed for Nu . Our results are compared with data available in the literature.

ENERGY, ENTROPY AND EXERGY ANALYSES OF HYBRID NANOFLUID FLOW IN A TRAPEZOIDAL CHANNEL

This study presents energy, entropy, and exergy analyses of Al2O3-Cu/water hybrid nanofluid flow in a trapezoidal cross-sectioned channel under a turbulent regime (104<Re<105) for the first time. Understanding the main source of the entropy generation along the channel, also obtaining the total entropy variation of hybrid nanofluid comparing to single nanofluids (Al2O3/water and Cu/water) and base fluid is pursued objective. In other to perform these aforementioned analyses, a realistic model, in which all formulas are derived, is developed and thermodynamic concepts such as exergy efficiency and exergy destruction for hybrid nanofluid flow in a non-circular cross-sectioned channel are discussed for the first time. Results obtaining from the analyses of both hybrid and single nanofluids have been compared and discussed for volumetric concentrations of 1.0% and 2.0%. As a result, it is obtained that 2.0% volume concentration hybrid nanofluid offers the best convective heat transfer performance with 34% enhancement and best exergetic performance. Furthermore, hybrid nanofluid has the lowest entropy generation value.

Hydrothermal performance comparison of modified twisted tapes and wire coils in tubular heat exchanger using hybrid nanofluid

A comparative experimental study to examine the hydrothermal behaviors of the double tube heat exchanger with various modified twisted tape and wire coil inserts is performed using Al2O3+MWCNT hybrid nanofluid. The investigation is performed for Reynolds number of 8000–40000, nanofluid flow rate of 5–25 lpm and volume concentration of 0.01%. The effects of using various enhancers (V-cut twisted tapes and tapered wire coils) and hybrid nanofluid on the hydrothermal characteristics are assessed for different enhancer arrangements such as different twist ratios, V-cut depth ratios, V-cut width ratios, converging type (C-type) wire coil, diverging (D-type) wire coil and converging-diverging type (C-D type) wire coil. The test reveals that the pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient increase with reducing twist ratio, increasing depth ratio and reducing width ratio. D-type wire coil exhibits higher heat transfer performance with the penalty of pressure drop than that of other arrangements. V-cuts twisted tape of minimum twist ratio, maximum depth and width ratios yields maximum PEC and FOM. V-cut twisted tapes show a higher performance index than the tapered wire coil as the augmentation in pressure drop is slightly significant. D-type wire coil shows the minimum value of entropy generation among all other arrangements.