Divergence Values Research Articles

The Past, Conundrums, and Future of International Cybersecurity Governance

Due to the growing reliance of nations on the Internet, cyber security concerns have become a global concern for the entire international community. After the international community has acquired a consensus on the principles of international cyberspace governance, it stalls due to the delay in obtaining an agreement on the application of international law. The governance of global cyberspace security is currently confronted with challenges such as nations' divergent interests and values and the expansion of international competition into cyberspace. In the future process of establishing an international order in cyberspace, the "dual-track system" of the United Nations should be utilized in its entirety, national collaboration at the regional level should be encouraged, and the legislative road of "multilateralism" should be adhered to.

The Human Side of Software Engineering Teams: An Investigation of Contemporary Challenges

<italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Context:</i> There have been numerous recent calls for research on the human side of software engineering and its impact on various factors such as productivity, developer happiness and project success. An analysis of which challenges in software engineering teams are most frequent is still missing. As teams are more international, it is more frequent that their members have different human values as well as different communication habits. Additionally, virtual team setups (working geographically separated, remote communication using digital tools and frequently changing team members) are increasingly prevalent. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Objective:</i> We aim to provide a starting point for a theory about contemporary human challenges in teams and their causes in software engineering. To do so, we look to establish a reusable set of challenges and start out by investigating the effect of team virtualization. Virtual teams often use digital communication and consist of members with different nationalities that may have more divergent human values due to cultural differences compared to single nationality teams. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Method:</i> We designed a survey instrument and asked respondents to assess the frequency and criticality of a set of challenges, separated in context ”within teams” as well as ”between teams and clients”, compiled from previous empirical work, blog posts, and pilot survey feedback. For the team challenges, we asked if mitigation measures were already in place to tackle the challenge. Respondents were also asked to provide information about their team setup. The survey included the Personal Value Questionnaire to measure Schwartz human values. Finally, respondents were asked if there were additional challenges at their workplace. The survey was first piloted and then distributed to professionals working in software engineering teams via social networking sites and personal business networks. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Result:</i> In this article, we report on the results obtained from 192 respondents. We present a set of challenges that takes the survey feedback into account and introduce two categories of challenges; ”interpersonal” and ”intrapersonal”. We found no evidence for links between human values and challenges. We found some significant links between the number of distinct nationalities in a team and certain challenges, with less frequent and critical challenges occurring if 2-3 different nationalities were present compared to a team having members of just one nationality or more than three. A higher degree of virtualization seems to increase the frequency of some human challenges, which warrants further research about how to improve working processes when teams work from remote or in a distributed fashion. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Conclusion:</i> We present a set of human challenges in software engineering that can be used for further research on causes and mitigation measures, which serves as our starting point for a theory about causes of contemporary human challenges in software engineering teams. We report on evidence that a higher degree of virtualization of teams leads to an increase of certain challenges. This warrants further research to gather more evidence and test countermeasures, such as whether the employment of virtual reality software incorporating facial expressions and movements can help establish a less detached way of communication.

Convergence of quality and productivity in start-up enterprises: analysis of divergent value perspectives

Convergence of quality and productivity in start-up enterprises: analysis of divergent value perspectives

Monorchiids (Digenea, Trematoda) of fishes in the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico, with the description of three new species based on morphological and molecular data

Adult specimens of monorchiids (Digenea) were collected from the intestines of the white grunt, Haemulon plumierii Lacepède (Haemulidae), and the white mullet, Mugil curema Valenciennes (Mugilidae) from five localities off the Yucatán Peninsula and one locality in the Gulf of Mexico. Some specimens were photographed and sequenced for two molecular markers, the large subunit (LSU) of nuclear rDNA and the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) of mitochondrial DNA. Other specimens were processed for morphological analyses. Newly generated sequences were aligned with other sequences available in GenBank. Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses were implemented using the data sets of LSU and cox1 independently. Reciprocal monophyly evidenced through phylogenetic analyses, sequence divergence values for both molecular markers, and detailed morphological analyses, including scanning electron microscopy photomicrographs, revealed three new genetic lineages, i.e., species, as parasites of M. curema. The three new species are Sinistroporomonorchis mexicanus n. sp., Sinistroporomonorchis yucatanensis n. sp., and Sinistroporomonorchis minutus n. sp. Two additional species of monorchiids were sampled, characterised molecularly, and re-described, namely Sinistroporomonorchis glebulentus (Overstreet, 1971) from the white mullet, and Alloinfundiburictus haemuli (Overstreet, 1969), from the white grunt.

Conflict of Values Subject to Mediation Proceedings

The aim of this study was to reflect scientifically on the possibility of resolving value conflicts through mediation proceedings and on methods of resolving them. First, the relationship between law and values was discussed, stating that law and values form an interconnected system of vessels. When it comes to conflict resolution through mediation, law and values provide a mediator with a normative-axiological framework to communicate with the conflicting parties and assist in creating adequate solutions. A deeper analysis of the nature of value conflicts led to an observation that they are caused by divergent value systems upheld by the people involved, but that the difference in preferred values alone does not necessarily lead to conflict. A factor that is a catalyst for value conflicts is a determined imposition of one's own values on others, without tolerance towards the others’ axiology. The final section of the article emphasises that mediation is a legal and values-based instrument, but at the same time it offers an advantage of minimally formalised proceedings. This is why mediation provides an advantageous space for resolving values conflicts, when led by a professional mediator. Based on the assumption that values are non-negotiable, three possible ways for a mediator to intervene in a values conflict were identified, i.e. avoiding defining the problem in terms of values, seeking an overarching value, reframing the parties' perception of the object of the dispute and of the opposing party through the mediator’s sharing their own experience of values.

Floristic Composition and Biological Spectrum of The Bogdkhan Mountain, Mongolia

The Bogdkhan mountain of Mongolia is strictly protected and possesses a unique ecosystem, because of its location in the transitional zone of Siberian taiga and the Asian steppe. Floristic composition and the biological spectrum of the Bogdkhan Mountain were studied during July 2019 to September 2020. A total of 522 vascular plants were recorded belonging to 249 genera and 63 families. Asteraceae was found to be the most dominant family (13.22%; 33 genera and 69 taxa) followed by Poaceae (8.43%; 21 genera and 44). The classified life-form spectra of all the species recorded from the study area revealed the predominance of hemicryptophytes (63.03%) followed by geophytes (11.30%), therophytes (10.34%), phanerophytes (9.58%), chamaephytes (5.36%), and hydrophytes (0.38%). The notable changes found in the biological spectrum, which are chamaephytes from 12 to 5.36%, geophytes from 8 to 11.30% and therophytes from 8 to 10.34%. Variaty of reasons might cause change the life form, such as climate change, anthropogenic impacts, etc. Hemicryptophytes and chamaephytes dominate the flora of the mountain due to the cold mountain niche. The floristic diversity of this mountain tends to decline further videnced from the observed lesser divergence values of geophytes and therophytes. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 29(2): 241-268, 2022 (December)

KARYOTYPAL VARIABILITY OF UKRAINIAN BROWN DAIRY BREED COWS

KARYOTYPAL VARIABILITY OF UKRAINIAN BROWN DAIRY BREED COWS

Crop-specific hyperspectral band selection method using limited ground-truth data

ABSTRACT Hyperspectral imaging plays a significant role in crop classification and aims to separate various crop pixels from the imagery. It aids the government in deciding agricultural policies. However, high spectral dimensions in hyperspectral data require high computing power and time. This paper presents a new band selection method based on spectral information divergence and correlation (), which selects optimum bands to classify the crops. The requires only single ground-truth pixels having the least spectral information divergence value to select the bands. This method requires not only minimum ground truth data but also gives reduced computational complexity. We have evaluated the proposed method on three hyperspectral datasets, AVIRIS-NG, Indian Pines and Salinas. We have used overall accuracy and kappa coefficient as performance parameters from the support vector machine and k-nearest neighbours classifiers. The experimental findings reveal that the proposed band selection method achieves maximum overall accuracy of about 84.79% for Indian Pines and 93.08% for Salinas dataset. The proposed methodology exhibits an improvement in overall accuracy when the number of selected bands ranges from 35 to 50 when compared with the other competitive band selection approaches.

Molecular phylogenetics and systematics of two enteric helminth parasites (Baylisascaris laevis and Diandrya vancouverensis) in the Vancouver Island marmot (Marmota vancouverensis).

Island biogeography can promote rapid diversification and speciation via geographic isolation and novel selection pressures. These same factors can threaten the persistence of island endemics by limiting gene flow and suitable habitat. Host-parasite interactions on islands introduce another dimension of complexity as both species must simultaneously adapt to exogenous and endogenous factors. One example of host-parasite island biogeography is the critically endangered Vancouver Island (VI) marmot (Marmota vancouverensis) which is endemic to VI, Canada, and hosts two enteric helminth parasites: Baylisascaris laevis, an ascarid nematode common in tribe Marmotini, and Diandrya vancouverensis, an anoplocephalid cestode endemic to the VI marmot. Here, we aligned novel sequences from B. laevis (six genes) and D. vancouverensis (two genes) with congeneric sequences from GenBank. Phylogenies reconstructed using Bayesian and maximum parsimony approaches consistently placed B. laevis in a morphoclade, and D. vancouverensis in a monophyletic clade sister to D. composita. Mean pairwise sequence divergence between D. vancouverensis and D. composita (9.06±1.94%) surpassed commonly accepted thresholds for species delimitation, whereas divergence between VI and mainland populations of B. laevis (1.12±0.78%) was comparable to (or sometimes greater than) pairwise divergence values between other Baylisascaris species. Disparity in the genetic divergence of each parasite may reflect differences in their life cycle, host specificity, virulence, and the chronological extent of their isolation. Detailed descriptions of the population genetic structure and effects of both parasites on their shared host are crucial next steps in understanding the history of B. laevis and D. vancouverensis on VI and informing conservation efforts for the VI marmot and its enteric helminth parasites.

Perspectives on challenges and opportunities at the restoration‐policy interface in the U.S.A.

As we advance into the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration, understanding the relationship between science, management, and policy is increasingly important given the paucity of research evaluating the ability of existing policy to address contemporary environmental challenges. Despite their inherent interdependence, restoration ecology as a scientific discipline, ecological restoration as a practice, and the policies driving restoration efforts do not always represent a unified force. Accenting the policies and practices within the United States, we present our perspective on challenges associated with this disunion, including those linked to social dimensions of restoration and limitations associated with existing policy. We provide a review of existing federal policy in the United States and synthesize suggestions that have emerged in the literature to fortify connections between restoration science and policy. We also describe social challenges to meeting restoration goals, including barriers surrounding power dynamics, trust, and communication, as well as divergent incentives, perspectives, and values. We propose potential solutions that exist in transdisciplinary collaboration and knowledge sharing, and evidence‐based, balanced decision‐making that equally considers varying perspectives. With the understanding that current conservation practices are not enough to mitigate environmental degradation, we focus on streamlining problem‐solving strategies to support restoration and face the widespread ecological issues of today.

Using leaf traits to explain species co-existence and its consequences for primary productivity across a forest-steppe ecotone

Trait-based approaches have been widely applied to uncover the mechanisms determining community assembly and biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships. However, they have rarely been used in forest-steppe ecotones. These ecosystems are extremely sensitive to disturbances due to their relatively complex ecosystem structures, functionings and processes. In this study, we selected seven sites along a transect from closed canopy forests (CF) to forest-steppe ecotones (FSE) and meadow steppes (MS) in northeast China. Six leaf functional traits (i.e. leaf nitrogen and phosphorus contents, leaf length and thickness, single leaf area and leaf mass per unit area, LMA) as well as the community composition and aboveground biomass at each site were measured. Both functional trait diversity indices (richness, evenness and divergence) and community-weighted mean trait values (CWMs) were calculated to quantify community trait distributions. We found that dominant species in the FSE communities showed acquisitive strategies with highest leaf nitrogen (Mean ± SE: 19.6 ± 0.5 mg g−1) and single leaf area (19.2 ± 1.3 cm2), but the lowest LMA (59.6 ± 1.3 g cm−2) values compared to adjacent CF and MS communities. The ecotone communities also exhibited the largest functional trait richness (TOP), evenness (TED) and divergence (FDis) values (0.46, 0.92 and 0.67, respectively). Overall, niche differentiation emerges as the main mechanism influencing the coexistence of plant species in ecotone ecosystems. In addition, CWMs of leaf traits were the most important predictors for estimating variations in aboveground productivity across the transect, suggesting a major influence of dominant species. Our findings suggest that vegetation management practices in forest-steppe ecotones should increasingly focus on community functional trait diversity, and support the establishment and regeneration of plant species with rapid resource acquisition strategies.

Research on diagnosis method of centrifugal pump rotor faults based on IPSO-VMD and RVM

Centrifugal pump is a key part of nuclear power plant systems, and its health status is critical to the safety and reliability of nuclear power plants. Therefore, fault diagnosis is required for centrifugal pump. Traditional fault diagnosis methods have difficulty extracting fault features from nonlinear and non-stationary signals, resulting in low diagnostic accuracy. In this paper, a new fault diagnosis method is proposed based on the improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm-based variational modal decomposition (VMD) and relevance vector machine (RVM). Firstly, a simulation test bench for rotor faults is built, in which vibration displacement signals of the rotor are also collected by eddy current sensors. Then, the improved particle swarm algorithm is used to optimize the VMD to achieve adaptive decomposition of vibration displacement signals. Meanwhile, a screening criterion based on the minimum Kullback-Leibler (K-L) divergence value is established to extract the primary intrinsic modal function (IMF) component. Eventually, the factors are obtained from the primary IMF component to form a fault feature vector, and fault patterns are recognized using the RVM model. The results show that the extraction of the fault information and fault diagnosis classification have been improved, and the average accuracy could reach 97.87%.

Chemistry of PM2.5 in haze events in two East Asian cities during winter–spring 2019

East Asian experiences frequent severe haze episodes (EPs) during winter–spring, and their causes are not fully understood. Two EPs (daily average PM2.5 > 35 μg m−3) occurred at Tianjin (TJ), China, and Daejeon (DJ), Korea, during late February (EP-1) and early March (EP-2) 2019. The mean total PM2.5 concentrations at the TJ and DJ sites during these events (82.9 and 66.2 μg m−3, respectively) were approximately three times higher than those observed during non-haze events (27.3 and 23.0 μg m−3, respectively). MODIS satellite RGB images suggested that aerosols were transported regionally from east Asian countries to the DJ site during EPs. After NO3−, the major contributors to PM2.5 during the EPs at both sites were NH4+, SO42−, and organic carbon (OC), indicating that secondary aerosols were important in severe haze formation. During the EPs, the distributions of secondary chemical species were similar at the two sites, with coefficient of divergence (COD) values of <0.2, whereas primary chemical species had dissimilar distributions with COD values of >0.2. This suggests that secondary aerosols may be impacted by regional influences, whereas primary aerosols are subject to more local influence. The average COD values in the first two days (27–28 February) relative to the remaining days (1–7 March) were <0.2 at the DJ site during EP-2, indicating no additional local production of secondary and primary species. Sulfur oxidation ratios (SOR) were lower at the TJ site than at the DJ site, while nitrogen oxidation ratios (NOR) were higher. Gradual increases observed in SOR and NOR at the TJ site early in the EPs imply significant secondary formation of SO42− and NO3−. Strong correlations between aerosol liquid-water content (ALWC) and SOR and NOR at the TJ site indicate that aqueous-phase reactions were important in the formation of SO42− and NO3−. Although high concentrations of SO42− and NO3− were observed at the DJ site, correlations between ALWC and SOR/NOR were weak with low regression gradients, implying that SO42− and NO3− may have been associated with regional transport. Low COD values, and SOR and NOR values similar to those at the beginning of EP-2, imply that additional formation of SO42− or NO3− at the DJ site is not active, with stagnant atmospheric conditions prevailing.

Comparison of the GLIM criteria with specific screening tool for diagnosing malnutrition in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis: A descriptive cross-sectional study.

The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) has been built to diagnose malnutrition; however, its validity among patients with cirrhosis remains enigmatic. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of malnutrition according to GLIM criteria and compare the differences by using a specific screening tool. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study analyzing hospitalized patients. The Royal Free Hospital-Nutritional Prioritizing Tool (RFH-NPT) was chosen as the screening tool. Estimated prevalence was shown with and without the initial screening process. Diverse combinations of phenotypic and etiologic criteria and distinct body mass index (BMI) cutoffs were applied to detect frequency of malnourished patients with cirrhosis. Overall, 363 patients were recruited (median age, 64 years; 51.2% female). The prevalence of malnutrition according to GLIM criteria with and without RFH-NPT screening was 33.3% and 36.4%, respectively. Low BMI and inflammation represented the most prevalent combination resulting in a malnutrition diagnosis (42.4%), followed by low BMI and reduced food intake (39.4%). By contrast, the least prevalence was found when combining reduced muscle mass with inflammation to diagnose malnutrition. Furthermore, the frequency of malnourished and well-nourished participants was not statistically different when using divergent BMI reference values across the study population. GLIM criteria may serve a specific proxy to diagnose malnutrition, along with RFH-NPT screening. Relevant investigation is required to report on the applied combination of phenotypic/etiologic criteria, taking into consideration the marked impact of different models. More attempts are warranted to delineate the prognostic role of GLIM criteria in the context of cirrhosis.

Multi-sensor optimal placement of rotor-bearing system based on fault diagnosability

In view of the current situation that there are few studies on whether the fault signals that may occur in the rotor bearing system can be identified and analyzed in the sensor arrangement, fault diagnosability is applied to the optimal arrangement of the sensors in the rotor bearing system. The preliminary layout of the multi-sensor is carried out by analyzing the transmission path of the vibration signals in the rotor bearing system and based on the minimum path. Secondly, the nonparametric kernel density estimation method calculates the state information’s probability density function. The K-L divergence value is further used to measure fault detectability, fault separability, and fault diagnosability. Then, the correlation function method is used to fuse the multi-sensor information, and the optimal sensor layout is given with the fault diagnosability as an index. Finally, the validity of the method is proved by the experimental laboratory data and the correlation coefficient.

Plant functional diversity is affected by weed management through processes of trait convergence and divergence.

Weed management involving tillage and/or herbicides has generally led to a decline of plant diversity in agroecosystems, with negative impacts on ecosystem services provision. The use of plant covers has become the predominant alternative in vineyard management, with numerous studies focusing on analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of plant covers compared to the aforementioned management. Although the impacts of weed management on taxonomic diversity have been widely studied, many gaps remain on their effects on plant functional diversity. As plant functional diversity is linked to the delivery of key ecosystem services in agroecosystems, understanding these effects could enable the development of more sustainable practices. From 2008 to 2018, a long-term trial was carried out in a Mediterranean vineyard to assess different agricultural practices. In this article, we examined how weed management, as well as irrigation use, could affect plant functional diversity. Based on 10 functional traits, such as plant height, specific leaf area or seed mass, we measured different indices of functional diversity and used null models to detect processes of trait convergence and divergence. Our results revealed that weed management and irrigation use had a significant effect on plant functional diversity. Mown plots showed the highest functional richness but were functionally convergent, since mowing was a strong functional filter on most of the traits. Tillage also behaved as a functional filter on some vegetative traits, but favored the divergence of certain reproductive traits. Herbicide-treated and irrigated plots showed the highest values of functional divergence by promoting more competitive species with more divergent trait values. The effect of weed management on these community assembly processes was shaped by the use of irrigation in vineyard rows, leading to functional divergence in those vegetative traits related to resource acquisition and seed mass. These results suggest that greater functional diversity may be associated with the bias caused by higher occurrence of competitive species (e.g. Convolvulus arvensis, Sonchus asper) with contrasting values for certain traits. Therefore, since these species are considered harmful to crops, higher plant functional diversity might not be a desirable indicator in agroecosystems.

The Choice of Quality Indicator for the Image Segmentation Evaluation

In this paper, the main attention is focused on the stage of image segmentation and on the choice of a quality indicator for the evaluation of image segmentation. In general form the segmentation problem of color and tone images is formulated in. The main approaches that are used in methods and techniques of image segmentation are highlighted. The need to evaluate the results of the work of methods and techniques of image segmentation to assess their performance has been established. The options for the image segmentation quality assessing of both at the objective (quantitative) level and at the subjective (qualitative) level are considered. The main features of qualitative segmentation are highlighted. Two main groups of indicators for evaluating the quality of segmentation were analyzed: indicators based on comparison with the reference result of image segmentation and the indicators for which benchmark segmentation is not required. Their main disadvantages when used in evaluating the results of image segmentation are described. The information quality indicator – Kullback-Leibner divergence for the image segmentation quality assessing of the results of image segmentation is considered. The result of image segmentation by the Canny edge detector is presented. The estimation of the quality of the segmented image was calculated using the information Kullback-Leibner divergence for pairs of images of different scales. The paper shows show a graph of the dependence of the value of the Kullback-Leibler divergence on the value of the scale factor of the original image. Keywords— Canny edge detector, image segmentation, objective criteria, Kullback-Leibler divergence, quality indicator.

An Investigation of Benford’s Law Divergence and Machine Learning Techniques for Intra-Class Separability of Fingerprint Images

Protecting a biometric fingerprint database against attackers is very vital in order to protect against false acceptance rate or false rejection rate. A key property in distinguishing biometric fingerprint images is by exploiting the characteristics of these different types of fingerprint images. The aim of this paper is to perform an intra-class classification of fingerprint images using Benford's law divergence values and machine learning techniques. The usage of these Benford’s law divergence values as features fed into the machine learning techniques has proved to be very effective and efficient in the intra-class classification of biometric fingerprint images. The effectiveness of our proposed methodology was demonstrated on five datasets resulting in a total of 367 samples. All the machine learning techniques used in this experiment were trained using the k-fold cross validation and the dataset was split into ten times (10-folds). The models achieved high intra-class classification mean accuracies of 99.72% for the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), and 95.90% for the Naïve Bayes. Again, the Decision Tree and Logistic Regression, achieved accuracies of 95.62%, and 94.47%, respectively. These results showed that Benford’s law features and machine learning techniques, especially the CNN and Naïve Bayes can be effectively applied for the intra-class classification of fingerprint images. The implication of these results is that the different types of fingerprint images can be effectively discriminated using Benford's law divergence values and machine learning technique for forensics and biometrics applications.

Phylogenetic analysis of some fungi species in West Kazakhstan based on nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS sequences

In this study, phylogenetic analysis of some fungal species distributed in West Kazakhstan was performed based on ITS sequences. All of the mushroom samples were collected from different regions of West Kazakhstan and brought to the laboratory. Total genomic DNA was extracted using a GeneMark commercial kit. ITS1 and ITS4 primers were used for the amplification of the ITS region in PCR analyses. The resulting DNA sequences were then edited using BioEdit and FinchTV. For phylogenetic analysis used MEGA 6.0 program. As a result of the study, ITS sequences ranged from 532 to 715 nucleotides, while the divergence values of the sequences differed between 0.000 and 0.468. The maximum likelihood tree constructed using ITS sequences consists of two clades. According to the phylogenetic analysis results obtained using other fungal species, ITS results were found to be a good indicator for the differentiation of fungal genera.

Understanding the impact of social learning forms on environmentally sustainable consumption behavior among school children

PurposeThe learning environment is not a vacuum, but rather is rich in social contexts with innumerable points, interests, and beliefs. This takes one of the concepts of “social learning” which is not just a natural occurring phenomenon but also a way of organizing learning and communities of learners. Social Learning (SL) tends to refer to learning that takes place when divergent interests, norms and values of reality meet in an environment that is conducive to learning. This paper helps to determine the impact of SL forms on environmentally sustainable consumption behavior among school children.Design/methodology/approachAfter conducting an experimental study among school children, data were analyzed using ANOVA. The total sample size was 760.FindingsSL forms as an intervention influence environmentally sustainable consumption behavior (ESCB) among school children. The findings of this paper suggest that SL techniques such as visuals had been able to positively impact the constructs like knowledge, comprehension, and application. This was very much supported by observations of children, interactions with them and the upfront support provided by school and teachers.Research limitations/implicationsBased on the result, the paper identified that although SL forms influence the ESCB, there is a need to identify the most effective SL forms having impact on ESCB.Practical implicationsThis study will help marketers to understand that what type of learning forms can be used to enhance the environmentally sustainable consumption behavior among children.Originality/valueThis paper is completely an original work carried out by the author.