Alpha Values Research Articles

Quiet Quitting reason and behavior scale design and development process.

The concept of "Quiet Quitting", which might be considered new in the literature, is used to describe a passive and silent giving up. The aim of this study is to develop a scale to evaluate both the causes and consequences of "quiet quitting" which is believed to be increasing for various reasons in our country as well as in the world. Five-stage scale development method which was presented by Cohen and Swerdik was used in the process of developing the Quiet Quitting Reason and Behavior Scale (QQRBS). First, the conceptual structure of the scale was determined. In the second stage, the scale was structured. Structuring the scale is deciding on the scale type and scaling technique. The third stage is the first application of the scale. After the scale was applied, factor analysis, internal consistency assessment and validity studies were carried out in the item analysis section, which is the fourth stage. The fifth stage is the second application stage of the scale and at this stage, the scale was reviewed by test-retest and an application guideline was prepared. Cronbach's alpha value of draft items is 0.87, quiet quitting behavior sub-dimension Cronbach's Alpha value is 0.76 and reasons for quiet quitting Cronbach's Alpha value is 0.820. It was decided to keep the remaining 35 items after EFA analysis because the corrected correlation numbers of the items were >0.30. This study explains the design and development process of the QQRBS in Turkish society. According to this developed scale, as the scale mean score of the total and sub-dimensions increases, the tendency to quiet quitting increases.

Translation and validation to the Arabic language version of the climate change anxiety scale (CCAS)

BackgroundThe Arab world is one of the global regions the most directly concerned by, and suffering from climate change’s adverse consequences. As such, there appears to be a strong need for an understanding of how Arab people may emotionally respond to climate change. Providing valid and reliable measures of climate change anxiety (CCA) can help gain a clear overview of the situation in Arab countries, and allow to intervene timely and effectively to mitigate any adverse effects on Arab people’s mental health. To this end, the present study sought to validate the Arabic language version of the Climate Change Anxiety Scale (CCAS) in a sample of native Arabic-speaking adults from the general population of Lebanon.MethodsThis study adopted a cross-sectional approach and enrolled 763 adults between July and September 2023.ResultsA confirmatory analysis of the one-factor model showed poor fit indices as follows: CFI = 0.90, GFI = 0.83, SRMR = 0.048 and RMSEA 0.131 [90% CI 0.123, 0.138). The two-factor model showed a satisfactory fit with a high CFI of and a GFI of 0.91 and a SRMR of 0.04 and RMSEA of 0.05 [90% CI 0.04, 0.06]. Both McDonald’s omega and Cronbach alpha values were high for the overall CCAS score (α = 0.96 and ω = 0.96) in the whole sample. Configural, metric and scalar invariance across gender was demonstrated. No significant difference was found between males and females in terms of total CCAS scores (24.53 ± 10.59 vs. 26.03 ± 11.17, t(761) = -1.82, p = .069). Higher CCA, functional impairment and cognitive impairment scores were significantly associated with higher depression, anxiety and stress.ConclusionThe reliability and validity of the CCAS in its Arabic version were proven. The availability of this self-report measure could offer a chance to assess CCA among Adults speaking Arabic, and to spread its future use for screening and research purposes.

Исследование эффективности теста ATTON в диагностике нарушения внимания у детей 5—7 лет

<p>This article describes the study of attention concentration in children using a new method — the ATTON test for the first time. The duration of the test, the response rate, the number of errors and correct answers in the main (106 children) and control (108 children) groups were measured. The authors identified differences in the groups in test duration, response rate, number of errors and correctly completed tasks at the significance level α<0.001. And also presented normative indicators of test duration, response rate, number of erroneous and correct answers for children aged 5, 6 and 7 years. The relationship between the duration of the test, the number of errors and correct answers of the ATTON test with the scores of the proof-reading test "Encryption", as well as with a non-verbal intellectual indicator, was revealed. The retest reliability was determined at the level of r=0.757 at p<0.001. The Cronbach's alpha value for the test was 0.973.</p>

Development and validation of a patient-reported outcome measure for hair loss treatment: The HAIR-Q.

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for hair loss focus mainly on Alopecia Areata. We created a PROM (i.e., HAIR-Q) that is applicable to any hair loss condition. The HAIR-Q measures satisfaction with hair. Concept elicitation interviews were conducted and analyzed to develop a draft scale. Content validity was established through multiple rounds of patient and expert input. Psychometric properties of the scale were examined in an online sample (i.e., Prolific) using Rasch measurement theory (RMT) analysis. Test-retest reliability and tests of construct validation were examined. Content validity of a 22-item draft scale was established with input from 11 patients, 12 experts and an online Prolific sample of 59 people who had a variety of hair loss treatments. In the RMT analysis (n = 390), 8 items were dropped. Data for the 14-item scale fit the Rasch model (χ2 = 89.85, df = 70, p = 0.06). All 14 items had ordered thresholds and good item fit. Reliability was high with person separation index and Cronbach alpha values ≥0.91, and intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.94 based on a sample of 97 participants. Higher (better) scores on the scale were associated with having more hair, looking younger than ones' age, satisfaction with hair overall, being less bothered by hair loss, and for those who had a hair loss treatment in the past year, being more satisfied with their hair now than before treatment (p < 0.001). The HAIR-Q evidenced reliability and validity and can be used in research and to inform clinical care to measure satisfaction with hair from the patient perspective.

The influence of performance in training on self-confidence of wheelchair athletes with coach-athlete intimacy as a moderating variable

This study aims to analyse the self-confidence of wheelchair basketball, tennis, badminton, and archery athletes. This study uses a moderated regression analysis (MRA) approach, namely performance in training as independent variable, self-confidence as a dependent variable, and coach-athlete intimacy as a moderator. Sampling was done using total sampling at the open tournament championship. The wheelchair athletes involved were 20 basketball athletes, 15 tennis athletes, 15 badminton athletes, and 15 archery athletes age 29.98±2.4 with 11.37±1.2 years of training. The highest experience of the competition is that 37 athletes have participated at the national and international level. This study was conducted for six months from early June to November 2023. The data were collected using questionnaires that were confirmed and given before the match and semi-structured interviews to strengthen the discussion. The instrument consists of 57 items, and an Aiken V validity value of 0.863 and Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.708 were obtained. The results showed that performance in training influenced self-confidence (sig. 0.003 or p&lt;0.05) and (R2 = 12.8%). Meanwhile, the coach-athlete intimacy can positively moderate the performance of the coach-athlete with self-confidence (sig. 0.000 or p&lt;0.05) and (R2 = 47.2%). The results of this study suggest the involvement of government agencies to foster, develop, and facilitate all individuals with special needs. In addition, it is necessary to increase the competence of coaches through special training or by opening a coach study program for coaching people with disability at the university. Further research should consider the number of samples involved and how to collect data with a research design adapted to the circumstances but can produce accurate data. Keywords: Training Performance, Self-Confidence, Coach-Athlete Intimacy, Wheelchair

Development and validation of a new satisfaction scale for objective structured clinical assessments (S-OSCA): A multicenter cross-sectional study

BackgroundNursing clinical competence assessment has acquired a special relevance at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels in recent years. In this context, the Objective Structured Clinical Assessment (OSCA) has emerged as a valid and feasible method of assessing nursing competence. The Satisfaction with Nursing Skill Examination: Objective Structured Clinical Assessment (SINE-OSCA) scale is a valid and reliable 10-item measure that has been developed to evaluate nursing students' satisfaction with the OSCA in the Australian context. Given the importance that OSCA has gained in Spain, it is necessary to validate this tool to be used in one of the most spoken languages in the world. ObjectivesThe purpose of the study was to carry out a modification of the SINE-OSCA, cross-cultural adaptation and a psychometric analysis of the new S-OSCA with Spanish nursing students. DesignA multicenter study of questionnaire development and validation was carried out in 2023 in four Spanish university nursing centers. The study was carried out in 3 phases: design, pilot implementation, and construct validation. Participants/settingThe total population of students from these centers amounted to 1350 students. The final sample consisted of 364 nursing students, selected by convenience sampling. MethodsThe process of translation and cultural adaptation of SINE-OSCA to the Spanish population was carried out following the guidelines proposed by Beaton et al. Content validation, Internal consistency and temporal reliability were evaluated. ResultsThe S-OSCA presents values in the psychometric indicators (V AIKEN, Bland-Altman diagram, and IVC Lawshe) that exceed the cut-off values established even considering the lower limit of the confidence intervals. This spanish version of the SINE-OSCA has a Cronbach's alpha value that is slightly higher than that reported for that original version (0.928 CI 95 % (0.913–0.94)). Regarding temporal reliability, the S-OSCA scale was completed in 40 nursing students at two times separated by an interval of 15 days. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) obtained was 0.974 CI 95 % (0.952–0.986). ConclusionsThe S-OSCA instrument proves to be robust enough to guarantee the quality of its results up to 15 days post-OSCA.

Increasing digital awareness of pre-service teachers (an experimental research)

With the 21st century, the skills expected from people have changed. Expectations in this process have also affected the concept of the ideal human profile. Creative thinking, critical thinking and digital skills can be counted among the skills expected from an ideal person in this period. This transformation manifests itself in many areas. There is no doubt that education systems that can adapt to digital transformation, especially in the field of education, will be the education systems of the future. In this process, it is essential to increase the awareness of teachers towards digital transformation. As a matter of fact, in this study, it was aimed to increase the awareness of pre-service teachers about digital transformation. The research utilized a single group pretest-posttest model from experimental designs. In this context, 30 randomly selected 3rd and 4th grade pre-service teachers studying in the Department of Classroom Education were included in the sample. Within the scope of the research, the awareness scale for digital transformation in education developed by Yurdakal (2024) was used. Alpha value of the scale consisting of 50 items and 3 dimensions is 0.957. Within the scope of the research, an 8-week curriculum was prepared first. The curriculum was applied to the sample for 8 weeks, 4 online and 4 face-to-face. Pre-test and post-test data were collected before and after the implementation. During the process, diaries were distributed to the sample and they were asked to write their thoughts about the whole process. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS 22 and dependent groups were analyzed with T test. The qualitative data obtained within the scope of the research were analyzed by content analysis and codes were obtained and themes were reached by bringing the related codes together. The themes were presented by supporting them with quotations. Looking at the results of the research; it was determined that the participants' awareness of digital transformation post-test (134.96) scores were significantly higher than the pre-test (99.56) scores. In this context, the training process on digital transformation awareness was successful.

Development and validation of the metaverse perception scale for nursing students

BackgroundThe use of Metaverse applications in nursing education is increasing every day and the evaluation of nursing students' perceptions of this new digital technology may guide interventions related to the use of the Metaverse. However, currently, no standardized instrument specifically designed to measure nursing students' perceptions of the Metaverse exists in Turkey. AimTo develop and validate the Metaverse Perception Scale for Turkish nursing students. MethodThis methodological study was carried out between March 1, 2023 and June 30, 2023 and its sample consisted of 770 nursing students who were enrolled in undergraduate nursing departments of universities in Turkey. The item pool was created based on a literature review and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, item analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, convergent and divergent validity, correlation analysis, internal consistency reliability and test-retest analysis. ResultsThe content validity index for the items ranged between 0.85 – 1.00. According to exploratory factor analysis, the eigenvalue of four factors was greater than one. These four factors explained 77.28 % of the total variance. In the scale model developed for this study, model fit was found to be acceptable for goodness of fit index:.921 and root mean square error of approximation:.064. χ2/sd: 1.659, normalized fit index:.961 and chi-square/degree of freedom revealed that model fit was at a good level and within the recommended value ranges. It was determined that the scale showed convergent and divergent validity and Cronbach's Alpha value ranged between 0.95 and 0.93 in the subscales. The Metaverse Perception Scale in Nursing Students was found to have a high level of test-retest reliability. ConclusionThis study showed that the scale, which consists of 24 items and four subscales, is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to assess nursing students' perceptions of the Metaverse in the Turkish context. This scale can contribute to the evaluation of Turkish nursing students' perceptions of the Metaverse, as well as the effective management of processes related to Metaverse practices.

Pengaruh Transformational Leadership dan Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Melaui Stres Kerja pada Dealer Wuling Arista Jayakarta

This research aims to determine the effect of transformational leadership (X1), organizational culture (X2) on employee performance (Y) with work stress (Z) as an intervening variable. The research was carried out by distributing questionnaires to 30 samples. The type of research used in this study is quantitative causality with a structural equation model (SEM) research method based on partial least square (PLS). The instrument validity test shows that each statement item has a product moment correlation coefficient value greater than r table, so it can be declared valid, then the instrument reliability test shows that the Cronbach alpha value for each instrument has a value &gt; 0.70 so it can be stated reliable. The research results show that Transformational leadership (X1) has a positive and significant effect on employee performance (Y), organizational culture (X2) has a positive and significant effect on employee performance (Y), Transformational leadership (X1) has a negative and significant effect on stress work (Z), Organizational culture (X2) has a negative and significant effect on work stress (Z), Work stress (Z) has a negative and significant effect on employee performance (Y), Transformational leadership (X1) has a positive and significant effect on employee performance (Y) through work stress (Z), organizational culture (X2) has no effect on employee performance (Y) through work stress (Z).

Pengaruh Pengetahuan Dewan Tentang Anggaran Terhadap Fungsi Pengawasan APBD Pada DPR Kabupaten Lebong

The Regional Budget is essentially a policy instrument used as a tool to improve public services and community welfare in the region. DPRD and local governments must make real and structured efforts to produce APBDs that can reflect the real needs of the community in accordance with the potential of each region, and can meet the demands of creating a regional budget that is oriented towards the interests of the community. This research is quantitative descriptive research, which is a study that serves to describe or provide an overview of the object under study through sample or population data with numbers using data that the author thinks is in accordance with the object of research and provides an overview of the object of research.Knowledge of the council on the budget has a positive and significant effect on the role of members of the Lebong Regency DPRD, Bengkulu in supervising regional finances. This is because based on the test results on respondents' answers, it shows the results that members of the Lebong Regency DPRD, Bengkulu have good or high knowledge about the budget. In the reliability test results show the results of reliability testing on variable X instruments with a Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.624. The results of the reliability test on variable Y instrument with a Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.627. This proves that the research instrument in the form of a questionnaire is reliable because Cronbach's Alpha is greater than 0.60. In the validity test results, it can be seen that the correlation between each indicator of variables X and Y shows significant results and shows that R count&gt; R table (0.320). It can be concluded that all question items are declared valid.

Analisis Tindakan Sexual Harassment Terhadap Kenyamanan Dan Produktivitas Kerja Karyawan (Studi Kasus Di PT. Fie Bandung)

This research is a case study of sexual harassment. Sexual harassment is a negative act that has a sexual context and can harm the victim physically and psychologically. This research used a quantitative method by distributing questionnaires to 50 respondents who worked at PT. FIE Bandung. By using the Sexual Experience Questionnaire (SEQ) questionnaire and participatory observation methods which allow researchers to feel and experience this phenomenon directly. This research aims to find out whether acts of sexual harassment (X) can affect employee comfort (Y1) and work productivity (Y2). This research was calculated using the SPSS version 27 program, from the results of the validity and reliability tests the three variables produced valid data, namely where r calculated &gt; r table and reliable data where the Cronbach Alpha value was &gt; 0.600. The results of this research also show that there is a relationship between acts of sexual harassment (X) on work comfort (Y1) of 24.3% and 11.3% on work productivity (Y2). The remainder is influenced by other variables not examined in this research. So it can be concluded that the author's hypothesis regarding sexual harassment can affect the comfort and work productivity of employees at PT. FIE Bandung has a positive and significant influence.

Reliability Analysis of Psychological Measures Related to STEM Persistence in Undergraduate Students at a Hispanic Serving Institution

ABSTRACT Research suggests that psychological factors are related to persistence in science, especially for underrepresented students; however, most psychological instruments have been validated through studies conducted at predominately White institutions. In the current study, we report reliability estimates for measures of science identity, science motivation, and science self-efficacy with a sample of undergraduate college students from a Hispanic Serving Institution (N = 309). Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were estimated with Cronbach’s alpha and intra-class correlation coefficients, respectively. We report Cronbach's alpha values separately for male (N = 152), female (N = 152), Hispanic (N = 111), and White (N = 115) students. We also examined whether there were statistically significant differences in the Cronbach’s alpha values between these groups. The results demonstrated good to excellent reliability estimates for internal consistency (α ranged from .89 to .96) and test-retest reliability (ICC ranged from .76 to .80) for all groups. There were no significant differences in Cronbach’s alpha values between students identifying as male versus female or between Hispanic and White identifying students. We conclude by urging science education researchers to examine, report, and interpret reliability estimates for their measures for each dataset.

Measurement of basic psychological needs for physical activity participation for college students with intellectual disabilities: A validation study.

Measurement instruments to understand self-determined motivation towards physical activity among college students with intellectual disabilities are needed to develop programs to support physical and psychological health and well-being. The purpose of the current study was to validate a modified questionnaire measuring basic psychological needs towards physical activity among college students with intellectual disabilities. A total of 108 college students with intellectual disabilities completed the modified questionnaire. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire was examined. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a six-factor model had good model fit. Cronbach's alpha values showed acceptable reliability evidence of the instrument as a whole, although some alpha values in subdomains of the instrument were below acceptable values. The modified questionnaire was found to have acceptable validity evidence. Further studies are needed with refinement of answer options and the addition of more questions to increase reliability.

The WOUND-Q Function and Symptoms Scales for Chronic Lower Extremity Wounds: A Validation Study.

Objective: Determine the validity and reliability of the LIMB-Q scales, Function, and Symptoms in patients with chronic lower extremity wounds. Approach: Cognitive debriefing interviews with people with current or previous wounds were conducted to examine content validity. Scales were field-tested in an international sample of people with chronic lower extremity wounds sourced from an online platform (i.e., Prolific). Psychometric properties were examined using the Rasch Measurement Theory analysis. A test-retest reproducibility study was performed, and construct validity was examined. Results: Content validity was established after 10 cognitive interviews. A total of 233 people with lower extremity wounds (age 19-80 years, mean 39.3) participated in the field test. All 25 items tested demonstrated good fit to the Rasch model with ordered thresholds. One item had a fit residual outside ±2.5, but no items had significant χ2 values after Bonferroni adjustment. Reliability was high with the person separation index, Cronbach alpha, and intraclass correlation coefficient values >0.8. Strong correlations were found between the Function and Symptoms scales and EQ-5D dimensions measuring similar constructs as well as the EQ-5D global score. All hypotheses for construct validity were confirmed. Innovation: Patient-reported outcome measures are an important component of patient-centered care, as they capture the patient's perspective in a rigorous and reproducible way. Adding these two scales to the WOUND-Q provides a means to measure function and symptoms associated with lower extremity wounds. Conclusion: These new WOUND-Q scales can be used to measure outcomes important to patients with lower extremity wounds in clinical settings and research studies.

ON THE JOB TRAINING DESIGN IN IMPROVING PERFORMANCE AT 4.0 ERA: STUDY ON AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY IN INDONESIA

At 4.0 era of industrial revolution, training’s role becomes more important for organizations because it will increase effectiveness and efficiency not only for individuals but for organizations. Many things affect performance, but the most important factor in improving performance is training. This study aims to evaluate On the Job Training design implementation at PT YXZ and see how the variables in the OJT design contribute to improving employee performance. Sampling technique method is probability random sampling with the Slovin formula according to the number of employees of each unit. The population in this study were all permanent employees with a total of 1,665. Samples were taken from various positions and tenure. The number of samples obtained was 323 employees. The results of the validity and reliability test are known that the Cronbach’s Alpha value of each indicator is above 0.9 so it can be said that all indicators have a very good level of reliability. The Pearson Product Moment correlation value is above 0.8 so that the measuring instrument is considered valid. Based on the results of the frequency distribution, it was found that according to OJT, 70.51% respondents had been implemented quite well. The results of the simultaneous regression test resulted in a Pvalue = 0.000 (P&lt; 0.05) which means that Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted. The value of how much influence the overall indicator on the effectiveness of OJT is displayed in the regression model as follows, OJT Factor Value = 2,422 + 0.015 (total value of OJT Implementation items). The results of this study prove that the design model in OJT have a significant influence in to performance.

Leadership Style and Work Performance among Security Officers of Narcotic Addiction Recovery Centre, Malaysia

This study explores on leadership style and work performance among the security officers of the Narcotic Addiction Recovery Center (NARC). This research uses quantitative methods with the distribution of questionnaires to the officers in NARC. The study employs research tools on the Leadership Style Questionnaire (LSQ) by Northouse (2015) for the independent variable and the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ) by Koopmans (2014) for the dependent variable. A total of 89 respondents were involved in this study. The reliability analysis was conducted on the leadership style had a Cronbach&amp;#39;s alpha value of 0.819. Meanwhile, the work performance had a Cronbach&amp;#39;s alpha value of 0.726. The results of this study found that there is a significant relationship between leadership style and work performance among NARC officers where the correlation value (r=0.426, p=0.000).

Pulmonary nodule detection in low dose computed tomography using a medical-to-medical transfer learning approach.

Lung cancer is the second most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death globally. Low dose computed tomography (LDCT) is the recommended imaging screening tool for the early detection of lung cancer. A fully automated computer-aided detection method for LDCT will greatly improve the existing clinical workflow. Most of the existing methods for lung detection are designed for high-dose CTs (HDCTs), and those methods cannot be directly applied to LDCTs due to domain shifts and inferior quality of LDCT images. In this work, we describe a semi-automated transfer learning-based approach for the early detection of lung nodules using LDCTs. In this work, we developed an algorithm based on the object detection model, you only look once (YOLO) to detect lung nodules. The YOLO model was first trained on CTs, and the pre-trained weights were used as initial weights during the retraining of the model on LDCTs using a medical-to-medical transfer learning approach. The dataset for this study was from a screening trial consisting of LDCTs acquired from 50 biopsy-confirmed lung cancer patients obtained over 3 consecutive years (T1, T2, and T3). About 60 lung cancer patients' HDCTs were obtained from a public dataset. The developed model was evaluated using a hold-out test set comprising 15 patient cases (93 slices with cancerous nodules) using precision, specificity, recall, and F1-score. The evaluation metrics were reported patient-wise on a per-year basis and averaged for 3 years. For comparative analysis, the proposed detection model was trained using pre-trained weights from the COCO dataset as the initial weights. A paired t-test and chi-squared test with an alpha value of 0.05 were used for statistical significance testing. The results were reported by comparing the proposed model developed using HDCT pre-trained weights with COCO pre-trained weights. The former approach versus the latter approach obtained a precision of 0.982 versus 0.93 in detecting cancerous nodules, specificity of 0.923 versus 0.849 in identifying slices with no cancerous nodules, recall of 0.87 versus 0.886, and F1-score of 0.924 versus 0.903. As the nodule progressed, the former approach achieved a precision of 1, specificity of 0.92, and sensitivity of 0.930. The statistical analysis performed in the comparative study resulted in a -value of 0.0054 for precision and a -value of 0.00034 for specificity. In this study, a semi-automated method was developed to detect lung nodules in LDCTs using HDCT pre-trained weights as the initial weights and retraining the model. Further, the results were compared by replacing HDCT pre-trained weights in the above approach with COCO pre-trained weights. The proposed method may identify early lung nodules during the screening program, reduce overdiagnosis and follow-ups due to misdiagnosis in LDCTs, start treatment options in the affected patients, and lower the mortality rate.

A New Alar Base Reduction Technique in Rhinoplasty.

Alar base reduction is one of the most challenging parts of rhinoplasty because the maneuvers that are performed during this procedure are nearly irreversible. Some of the important complications of alar base reduction are notching, scarring and unnatural results. In this study, we present a modified alar base reduction technique in order to prevent these complications. Seventy-five female patients (46 bilateral and 29 unilateral alar base reductions) who needed alar base reduction were operated on consecutively between January 2016 and June 2022 with this new technique. They were compared retrospectively with 67 female patients (41 bilateral and 26 unilateral alar base reductions) who were operated on consecutively with the classical alar base reduction technique between 2010 and 2015. Scar quality was assessed with a modified Stony Brook Scar Evaluation Scale (MSBSES). Three people assessed the overall appearance (resulting in naturalness and symmetry) with a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Statistically significant differences were found between classical alar base reduction and modified alar base reduction techniques (p<0.05) according to SBSES scores. Also, VAS scores about the result of naturalness were statistically different between the two groups (p<0.05) (Cronbach's alpha value 0.796). There was no significant difference between the VAS scores of the two groups in terms of symmetry (p>0.05) (Cronbach's alpha value 0.828). This new modified alar base reduction technique is found to be useful, easy to apply and has better results than the classical alar base reduction technique. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Student Satisfaction with Lecturer Performance at Pelita Harapan University

The study examined the relationship between student satisfaction and lecturer performance in higher education. This study aimed to identify and measure the relationship between student satisfaction levels and lecturer performance in the academic environment, as well as evaluate the validity and reliability of the research instruments used. This ex post facto research involved students from various majors at UPH Medan campus as the population. Samples were taken randomly using a proportional technique. Data were collected through a Likert scale-based questionnaire and analyzed using inferential statistics. Analysis steps include data grouping, tabulation, and hypothesis testing. Validity, reliability, and classical assumption tests were also applied to ensure the consistency and accuracy of the data. The results showed that all items in the questionnaire were valid, with the highest validity in item number 9 for student satisfaction and number 7 for lecturer performance. The instrument's reliability was also high, with Cronbach's Alpha values of 0.766 for student satisfaction and 0.773 for lecturer performance. The simple linear regression model shows that every one-unit increase in the student satisfaction variable increases lecturer performance by 0.260. The t-test and F-test confirm the significant effect of student satisfaction on lecturer performance, both partially and simultaneously. The Adjusted R Square value of 30.7% indicates that student satisfaction significantly influences lecturer performance. This study confirms that student satisfaction positively and significantly influences lecturer performance. This finding provides important implications for university management to improve lecturer performance through increasing student satisfaction.

Tree Species Composition and Structure of a Vegetation Plot in a Montane Forest in the Department of Amazonas, Peru

The diversity and floristic composition of a primeval forest was studied, located in the district of Yambrasbamba–Bongará–Amazonas, delimiting a 1 ha area, and at an altitude of 1890 m.a.s.l. All individuals with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 10 cm were inventoried. The plant diversity in the area was measured and a description of its composition and floristic structure was made. The following were recorded: a total of 640 trees distributed in 39 families, 60 genera and 152 species. The value of the Simpson’s index (D) was 0.974 and that of the Shannon–Wiener index was 4.264, indicating that the species had a high abundance of individuals. In turn, Fisher’s alpha value (α) was 23.744, indicating a regular diversity in montane forests in relation to different altitudinal gradients. The families with the highest number of individuals were Melastomataceae, Rubiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Phyllanthaceae, and Lauraceae. The most abundant species were Alchornea acutifolia Müll.Arg. with 47 individuals (7.34%), Chimarrhis glabriflora Ducke with 39 individuals (6.09%), Hieronyma alchorneoides Allemão with 39 individuals (6.09%), and Cyathea lasiosora (Kuhn) Domin with 33 individuals (5.16%). A comparative analysis was carried out of plots of montane and premontane forests, and the studied plot presented had the third-highest register of families and genera, behind the plots studied in the provinces of Oxapampa and Chanchamayo.