Russian Values Research Articles

Life values in Russia and China: Semantic analysis and comparison

The paper seeks to explore the core life values of people living in Russia and China using an online survey in the respondents’ native languages with samples of 887 and 559 participants from each country respectively, who were asked to think of three words associated ‘with something most important in life’. The word-association arrays were translated into English by an automatic translator; then we compared the frequencies of individual words or those of their meanings obtained using the Roget’s Thesaurus. The words ‘family’ and ‘love’ were the most frequent in both samples, but the frequencies of these and most of the other words from the semantic core of each sample differed significantly. Analyses at the level of semantic vectors showed that more than half of the meanings that Russian respondents described as important and more than a third of the meanings important to the Chinese respondents had significant differences in frequencies between the samples. The paper presents 62 semantic groups of the Roget’s Thesaurus, the frequencies of which are reliably different; these are the meanings in which the Chinese and Russian samples differ with regard to life values. There are also 26 semantic groups, the frequencies of which are statistically the same and comparatively high in both samples: these are the common meanings. The results may be used in the design of automatic and AI systems to reduce the intercultural barriers.

Protection of Family Values in Russian Law: Questions of Theory and Practice

Introduction: at the moment, Russia is further developing the concept of traditional values, which include family values. Nevertheless, a number of regulatory and protective norms are already aimed at solving this problem, which requires doctrinal research and reflection. There are also a number of controversial issues related to the formation of a mechanism of guarantees for the protection of family values, including economic, political, as well as spiritual and moral guarantees. The purpose of the study is to reveal the features and possible directions of legal regulation for the development of the family values system in Russia. Methods: the analysis method made it possible to identify the main features of the category “family values” and its relationship with “traditional values”; the synthesis method was used to generalize the typological features of the family legal categories used in the paper; and the analogy method made it possible to identify practical features of ensuring the protection of family values in Russia. The comparative law method allowed studying the foreign experience of protecting family values, which can be used for the development of Russian family legislation. Using the formal legal method, a number of features and specifics of the statutory regulation of the protection of family values were identified. Results: despite the lack of normative consolidation, a number of political and legal acts defining the main directions of state family policy, as well as the norms of federal laws containing rules of conduct based on family values and measures of their legal support, are devoted to the protection of family values. It seems advisable to amend Article 1 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation with a new principle dedicated to the protection of family values, which will make it possible to more clearly fix this vector of state policy. The implementation of this principle will take place both through legal means and through the use of economic, political, spiritual, moral, and other ways to influence the behavior of participants in public relations. Conclusions: at the moment, the Family Code of the Russian Federation and other laws contain regulatory and protective norms dedicated to the implementation and protection of the family rights of citizens of the Russian Federation. Family values are realized in them by creating conditions for marriage, regulating property relations in the family, determining the grounds and procedure for collecting alimony for children and other family members, and protecting legally free children. The protective norms are devoted to the prohibition of family violence and propaganda of homosexuality, the adoption of measures to curb the evasion of child support payments, etc.

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ГАЗОСНАБЖЕНИЯ НА ОСНОВЕ ЦИФРОВОЙ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ

Abstract. The relevance of the research is based to the need for effective implementation of digital technologies in the field of gas supply. The study of energy supply from natural gas was carried out in accordance with the functional patterns of technological processes and gas consumption factors in conjunction with the directions of digital transformation. 
 Subject: The main aim of the research to define and propose criteria for digital transformation, based on features of the gas supply industry for the gradual progressive development of the regional economy. 
 Materials and methods: The functional relationship with gas supply was determined based on the analysis and generalization of the main directions and criteria for the digital transformation. The method of comparing the results of digital transformation with a technological approach and with a relative assessment of investments was used. 
 Results: Groups of indicators that are technologically interconnected in gas supply are presented as criteria for digital transformation. An additional function to expand the boundaries of evaluating the economic efficiency of digital technologies is to provide a mechanism for creating added value in Russia. The increasing capitalization through investments in digital technologies is not a factor in increasing efficiency without a reasonable practical effect. 
 Conclusions: The implementation of digital transformation should not lead to an excessive increase in tariffs for gas supply to Russian regions, since energy supply is a necessary condition for the development of the economy.

Philosopher of Law N.N. Alekseev about Values in Law

Introduction. The contribution of the famous Russian philosopher and legal scholar N. N. Alekseev to the doctrine of the values in law is studied based on his monograph “Fundamentals of the Philosophy of Law”. It is emphasised that, even though the interest (especially in recent years) to the theoretical heritage of N. N. Alekseev has increased, the analysis of the methodology of his approach to understanding the legal axiology in combination with the scientific, metaphysical and religious definitions is still required. N. N. Alekseev's philosophy of law plays a significant role in strengthening the legal values in Russia and affirming the legal culture, legitimacy and legal order. The aim of present research is to analyse N. N. Alekseev's philosophical and legal concepts concerning the values in law, to determine the methodology of his approach to understanding the legal axiology in combination with the scientific, metaphysical and religious views and to prove the prognostic importance of his original concept. Materials and Methods. The research material comprised the results of the analysis of the theoretical provisions of N. N. Alekseev, more specifically the analysis of the chapter of the book “Fundamentals of the Philosophy of Law” dealing with the problems of legal values. The dialectical method of cognition was the main method used for the research, along with the general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis and the legalistic method. By implementing the historical approach to the evaluation of the materials, the authors adhered to the comprehensiveness and objectivity of the analysis. The authors strived to demonstrate both the holistic logic of N. N. Alekseev’s philosophy of law and his understanding of the legal axiology in combination with the scientific, metaphysical and religious definitions. Results. In the present work, the authors have analysed the mindset of the Russian philosopher and legal scholar N. N. Alekseev, whose views concerning the values in law were neglected in the national juridical science during most of the twentieth century. The ethical and legal concepts of N. N. Alekseev and the critical attitudes to this issue presented in the theoretical works of the various scientists have been reflected upon. Special attention has been given to the profound adherence of N. N. Alekseev to the idea of immanent interrelation of the main problems of law with the value aspects. The article defines the prognostic importance of the original concept formulated by the philosopher and legal scholar. Discussion and Conclusion. The analysis of the methodology of N. N. Alekseev's philosophical and legal mindset is important for the Russian juridical science. Many of the ideas contained in his works have already had a strong impact and continue to affect the research of the modern philosophers and legal scholars concerning the topic of the legal axiology. The ahead of his time prescient conclusions of N. N. Alekseev about the role of value factors in the future development of the Russian state are of considerable interest in the context of the further development of Russia as a law-governed state.

Humanization and sovereignization as a strategy for reforming and development of Russian education. Part 1. Russia's sovereign path in education

Introduction. Russia defends its humanitarian sovereignty when upbringing, education, culture, politics, films are built on our traditions and values, which are not outside, but inside a person, in his mind, since these are mental components, worldview components.Purpose setting. The education system should work for the formation and development of the country's human capital. Without solving this problem, the country will not have a sovereign education, which means there will be no future. It is necessary to change the paradigm of higher education, we need a new Russian national model. A professional school should be not just a «forge of personnel», but a center for the spiritual transformation of a specialist's personality, a source of spirituality for his thoughts, words and deeds. It is necessary to educate a real citizen, a patriot who knows the history and culture of his country well.Methodology and methods of the study. Based on the key points of the sovereignization of Russian education, which naturally abandoned the Bologna system of education. Methodology for understanding the current situation in education, analytical report «The Future of Higher Education in Russia: an Expert View. Foresight-study-2030».Results. Russian education until recently, with the implemented Bologna system, developed exclusively as an extractive social institution. For more than twenty years, this most important sphere of social life, the importance of which in maintaining and developing the sovereignty of the country cannot be overestimated, was literally «broken over the knee» to please the West. The main changes in the system of higher education caused by this participation are outlined. Joining the Bologna process has received an ambiguous and even contradictory assessment in the professional community.Conclusions. Now a situation has developed in society that makes the problem of finding a new semantic component of the fundamentalization of education, the essence of which is the realization that the future fate of human civilization will be determined not only by the intellectual and educational, but also by the spiritual and moral potential of society and people, i. e. by humanization and sovereignization. This is the value of Russia.

Methodological Aspects of Determining the Estimated (Marginal) Cost of Objects in the Implementation of Projects based on the IPA

The paper is devoted to the study of the issues of determining the estimated (marginal) cost of investment projects that are implemented within the framework of the IPA. The purpose of the study is to develop scientific and practical recommendations for determining the estimated (marginal) value of real estate objects created in the framework of investment projects implemented on the basis of the IPA. The paper is relevant because current regulatory documentation does not clearly define the concepts of estimated (marginal) cost of infrastructure objects, and there are no recommendations for their assessment, which leads to distortions of the cost base for obtaining subsidies and impacts the evaluation of the effectiveness of such projects. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the development of scientific and practical recommendations for determining the estimated (marginal) value of real estate objects created as part of an investment project implemented on the basis of the IPA. The authors used the following methods of scientific research: deduction, induction and logical method. The concept of the estimated (marginal) value of real estate objects is clarified, which is based on the estimated cost of construction, taking into account a certain number of assumptions. A review of the current methods of calculating the estimated value in Russia and abroad is conducted. It is concluded that in Russia there is no single base for determining the cost of the CIW. The basic index method in the prices of 2000– 2001 significantly reduces the accuracy of calculations. The idea of forming a new dynamic system of the resource-index method, which takes into account the life cycle of a building and is based on big data of price information in construction, on the basis of which it is possible to develop a system of forecasting the estimated value of an object using machine learning methods, is prospective.

Традиционные российские ценности: институциональный анализ

The article presents the results of an institutional study of the official Russian narrative about traditional values, which is aimed at identifying the degree of their integration into the system of legal norms. Using methods of comparative legal, thesaurus and content analysis, as well as the analogy method, the author attempts to assess the optimality of the choice of traditional values in Russia from the point of view of constitutional norms and postulates of the world religions and determine to what extent these values are incorporated into the documents of political goal-setting. The author treats as traditional the values recorded in the “Fundamentals of State Policy for the Preservation and Strengthening of Traditional Russian Spiritual and Moral Values” approved by the presidential decree in 2022, and compares them with the values of the Constitution, the basic moral imperatives of Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, and Judaism, as well as with the values outlined in the strategic documents and national development goals of the Russian Federation. The study shows that the officially declared traditional spiritual and moral values do not fully coincide with the constitutional ones and, at the same time, are more focused on secular ethics than on the principles of the world religions. Simultaneously, the author reveals their inconsistency with the top-level goal-setting documents and national projects. According to the author, in the current conditions, such a discrepancy, which weakens the effect of a legislator’s actions, may be preferable to the consistent and systematic introduction of values with their conventionality being questionable. Revealing socially significant norms is possible only after conducting a detailed and substantive study of public opinion, longitudinal trends, political and economic processes. Otherwise, normative entrenchment can cause further polarization of the society rather than its consolidation.

Искусственный интеллект в анализе человеческого капитала как основы экономической безопасности регионов Российской Федерации

At the present stage, which is characterized by new threats and challenges to Russia’s economic security, human capital is of fundamental importance for the innovative development of the country’s economy. From the perspective of innovative development, the dynamics of changes in the number of developed advanced production technologies by type of economic activity (total) in the Russian Federation for the period 2017–2021 is presented. It is shown that there is an increase in the number of advanced production technologies developed, which was not adversely affected by the external conjuncture. In view of the importance of human capital from the point of view of public health, the share of extra-budgetary investment in the development of sports on the scale of the federal districts of the Russian Federation for 2021, as well as the dynamics of the population (3–79 years) engaged in physical culture and sports for the period 2017–2021 is given. According to the author’s approach to the study of human capital development, the regions of Russia were certified using 12 classification features taken from the websites of Rosstat and the Ministry of Sports. The research method was an effective and creative method of cluster analysis based on neural networks — an essential section of artificial intelligence with the use of information technology. The result of neural network modeling was the differentiation of the regions of the Russian Federation into 6 clusters. The architecture of cluster formations is presented, reflecting the detailed entry of Russian regions into clusters. The average values of the considered indicators of human capital development in clusters and their average values in Russia are given. The analysis of the development of human capital in the regions of the Russian Federation through the prism of cluster formations was carried out, which showed its different level of development according to the totality of the studied indicators. Taking into account the systematic approach aimed at balancing and improving the development of human capital in the regions of Russia, the research method using artificial intelligence and the results presented in the work have practical significance. They can be effectively used in strategic planning of the development of Russian regions for the coming periods. This will serve to increase the validity of managerial decision-making in the direction of increasing the quality of human capital as the primary source of improving the economic security of the Russia.

Cross-Cultural analysis of Managerial and Cultural Values in Russia and China

The subjectof the study is the differences in managerial and cultural values that are important for mutual understanding and interaction between Russia and China, countries with significant influence on the world economy and international relations. The study is particularly relevant in the context of business negotiations and management, where respect for values and beliefs inherent in other cultures is critical to successful cooperation.The purposeof this analysis is to examine the methods of G. Hofstede, R. Lewis, P. Ghemawat and others in the field of cultural differences and to compare their findings and conclusions with the results of a survey of Russian managers to verify the cultural characteristics contained in the literature and to prove their viability in practice. The results of the work confirmed the conclusions made by the above-mentioned academicians. The authors of the study defined the Russian culture as multi-active, highlighting the similarities and differences between the cultures of Russia and China. In both countries, the younger generation prioritizes personal career goals and financial success, which significantly changes the work process in terms of shifting values and orientations. The findings could provide valuable information for businesses and policymakers in these countries. The need to identify the cultural characteristics of Chinese managers and to better understand the cultural differences between Russia and China necessitates further research.

Традиционные семейные ценности в общественно-правовой мысли России в XIX – начале XX века

Introduction. An important guideline in the legal evolution of Russia is the preservation of traditional family values. The idea of preserving traditional family values is reflected in the Basic Law and official policy papers and is consistently implemented in state programs and national and federal projects. The understanding and legal formalization of the concept of traditional family values are conditioned by the need to preserve the Russian identity and moral guidelines in society. The analysis of historical experience will contribute to the development of an adequate model of Russia’s cultural identity. The research on the concept of traditional family values in the works of outstanding pre-revolutionary ethnographers, anthropologists, historians, philosophers, lawyers, and public figures has formed the purpose of the study. Methods. The methods of historicism, systematicity, analysis and comparative law. Results. The study analyzes the works of Russian pre-revolutionary ethnographers, anthropologists, historians, philosophers, lawyers, and public figures according to the concept and content of traditional family values in Russia in the 19th – early 20th centuries; a theoretical and legal analysis of the categories “tradition”, “value”, and “family” is also made; and the role of traditions in law is investigated. Conclusions. The preservation of traditional family values, increasing the role of the family in society and increasing the authority of parenthood in the family and society are currently relevant priorities for state family policies. The pre-revolutionary Russian legislation considered marriage a religious act; hence, the legal regulation of family relations at the conclusion and dissolution of marriage was based on the religion of the spouses and the recognition of the exclusively ecclesiastical form of marriage. According to the Russian social and legal thought of the 19th – early 20th centuries, traditional family values were based on such aspects as natural (sexual), including the physiological mutual desire of spouses; spiritual, consisting in mutual love and affection of spouses; reproductive, associated with childbirth; and the desire to continue the family and transfer knowledge and skills from generation to generation.

Support for Emancipative Values in Russia during the COVID-19 Pandemic

In this article we analyze nationwide and individual trends in emancipative values in Russia during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the correlation between values and various personal COVID-19 pandemic experiences. Using panel data from 3 waves of a survey titled “Values in Crisis” we were able to identify a minor increase in support for choice values and an equally minor decrease in support for equality values between June 2020 and December 2021. Negative personal economic experiences during the pandemic reduce support for equality values whereas future financial concerns are positively, albeit weakly, associated with equality values. Neither personally succumbing to COVID-19 nor health-related anxiety are linked to support for gender equality. Neither indicator of negative pandemic experience correlates with individual choice values. Overall, emancipative value alignments seem to be resistant to shortterm deterioration of living conditions in Russia, both at the societal and the individual level.

Issues of reinforcing the traditional values in Russia in the context of aggravation of the international situation

The events of 2022 made the whole world a witness to a serious aggravation of the international situation. It has triggered a clear division between collective West and the non-aligned States. In comparison with the Cold War era, this fact implies a deeper value and ideological gap between the conditional West and non-Western countries. Due to the artifi cially West-instigated crisis, developing countries are facing a basic food and energy resources shortfall, as well as unprecedented pressure from Washington and its satellites. Being in conditions of the Special Military Operation, The Russian Federation is disproportionately aff ected by the consequences of the Western practices of double standards and proxy intervention in the aff airs of sovereign state. The situation is further complicated by two factors — the West`s desire to «cancel» Russia in the foreign-policy and civilizational dimensions and the attempt to bring elements of non-traditional subculture into our society. It runs counter to accepted norms of human community among the multi-ethnic and multi-religious Russian people. The article deals with the specifics of socio-cultural challenges that our country is actually facing through the prism domestic and foreign policy.

The required level of thermal protection of enclosing structures of administrative buildings in the transport infrastructure in Russia and European countries

Comparison of various standard values and calculation methods adopted in Russia and European countries has always aroused quite a lot of interest, and many works are devoted to this topic. However, the last comparisons were carried out quite a long time ago, and the purpose of this study is to compare the required level of thermal protection of the building envelopes of administrative buildings in the transport infrastructure in Russia and European countries according to the current regulatory documents to determine the ratio of these values to each other. The normalized values of the level of thermal protection of external enclosing structures are related to the degree-days of the heating period. Moreover, the definition of this value in Russia and the EU countries differ from each other. And it is possible to compare the level of thermal protection of enclosing structures in different countries only according to the same characteristic, that is, with the same (or very close) value of the degree-day of the heating period. Also, the level of required resistance to heat transfer of external enclosing structures in Russia is set taking into account heat-conducting inclusions in the enclosing structure, and in European countries without taking into account. That is, it is impossible to compare these two quantities in the original form - you need to take into account the design of the outer shell of the building.

Influence of Teenagerʼs Value-Semantic Orientations on their Professional Self-Determination in the Age of Digitalization

The article deals with the concept of values and the significance of the individual hierarchical structure of human values. The prerequisites for cardinal changes in the structure of social values in Russia over the past two generations are noted. The features of the formation of value-semantic orientations of adolescents in the age of digitalization are described, as well as the influence that the value structure of these adolescents has on their professional self-determination. The data presented in the article from previously published studies related to the study of the structure of adolescentsʼ values became the starting point in a comparative analysis of the changes that have occurred in the structure of adolescentsʼ values since the 2000s. A study conducted in 2022 among 70 adolescents aged 14–16 using the S. Schwartz questionnaire led to the conclusion that the new generation of adolescents in their value structure gives a leading position to the values of the “Openness to Change” group at the normative level and the level of individual priorities, and conservative values take the second position. In addition, the risk zones of the Internet space for the valuesemantic system of adolescents, their worldview and the need to work with the moral and spiritual development of adolescents caused by these risks are noted.

Igor Dedkov and a crisis of liberalism

The article examines the reasons behind the sweeping rejection of liberal values in Russia. The author considers the legacy of the renowned literary critic, philosopher and journalist I. Dedkov (1934–1994), who, in the early 1990s, described the germ of what would become a crisis of liberalism. Having spent his life in a permanent situation of ‘the ever-shrinking space of the last freedom,’ Dedkov embraced liberalism as a key component of his belief system. He often likened freedom to life, arguing that one is inseparable from the other. During the years of transformation, Russia had no shortage of liberals, but hardly any one of them, theorists or practicians alike, was quite as knowledgeable as Dedkov was about the type of liberalism most likely to take root in Russia. A witness and active participant of the 1980s — 1990s events in Russia, Dedkov left behind a compelling analysis of a process that started as liberation, went through a series of bumblings about, deceit and self-deceit, all the way to the predictably dismal ending. Even though it has been a long time, Dedkov’s old projections and premonitions can throw light on today’s events and are likely to remain pertinent for years to come.

Analyzing Russia's financial potential in global development

Subject. This article explores the financial position of Russia in global development. Objectives. The article aims to determine the financial potential of Russia in global development. Methods. For the study, I used a systems approach based on the methods of statistical, neural network, and cluster analyses. Results. The article shows the values of Russia's financial potential in global development, defined in the position of connectivity of the Russian and Chinese economies. Conclusions and Relevance. Russia's financial potential points to the possibility of ensuring economic growth in global development by adjusting the growth rate of the balance of payments account in US dollars, transactions and loans in the national currency, strengthening the role of the financial market and institutions. The study expands the scope of knowledge and develops the competencies of the Government of the Russian Federation to ensure economic growth in global development.

Spiritual Heritage as the Basis of Russian Civilizational Identity

This article examines psychohistorical and ideological aspects of origin, formation and transformation of the system of spiritual and value orientations and ideals that form the basis of the socio-cultural code of Russian unique civilization in the rapidly changing world. The article is devoted to the analysis of a national system of basic moral values of Russia and the Russians, that has been formed over millennia, which, despite all the conflicts in history has stood the test of time, although it has un-
 dergone serious deformations. In the course of comparative-historical comparative analysis concerning the history of Russian unique civilization formation, the article reveals features of Russian spirituality further development.
 The circumstances of the modern period make it vital to preserve the national historical heritage, strengthen spiritual foundations, protect the Russian language and literature from decay, preserve the people’s identity «matrix», a cultural code of our civilization, the system of life-affirming ideals and values laid down by our ancestors millenniums ago. As a result, they have adapted it to the changing conditions of life.

Appeals to God in the documents of the law enforcement system of Russia (from ancient times to 1917)

Documents of the domestic law enforcement system from the time of Kievan Rus to 1917 are considered for turning to God – the source of immutable moral values from the standpoint of the Orthodox religious tradition. The study of this topic is of particular importance for understanding Russian history, taking into account the factor that Orthodoxy occupied in the life of the state and the individual. It is noted that the origins of the Russian law enforcement sphere coincide with the emergence of Christianity and statehood in Russia. On the basis of the anthology, published on the occasion of the 300th anniversary of the Russian police, and through the study of documents from the 10th to the 19th centuries, the nature of such appeals is investigated, and their comparative analysis is carried out. Three periods are distinguished: the first – from the first treaty between Russia and the Greeks until the introduction of the post of St. Petersburg General Police Chief; the second – from the introduction of the post of St. Petersburg General Police Chief to the establishment of the Ministry of Internal Affairs; the third is from the establishment of the Ministry of Internal Affairs to the disbandment of the Gendarme Corps in 1917. The documents of each of the periods analyze the forms and context of appeals to God, which made it possible to identify the trend of changes taking place in society in relation to the highest value for the Orthodox faith – the Triune God. The conclusion is made about the period of preservation of the traditional for the Orthodox faith concepts of God in the documents of the law enforcement system of Russia, as well as the time of the beginning of the loss of such concepts. A hypothesis has been put forward about the possibility of reviving the highest traditional religious values in Russia at the present stage.

Russian Parental Values in the international Context, 1990/1991–2017/2020

The aim of the paper is to analyze parental values in Russia and 33 other countries, and explore how they’ve changed between 1990 and 2017–2020. Russian dynamics are shown on 7 waves, international — on 2 waves. We used a combination of data from the World Values Survey and the European Values Study. We found that in 1990 the Russian value agenda in regards to children was essentially directed towards survival. By 2017–2020 certain changes had occurred: Russians no longer considered survival values to be as important (such as hard work, thrift, obedience); self-expression values (e.g., independence and imagination) became more popular; humanistic values lost much of their importance for Russians. In 33 countries humanistic values remained as popular as in 1990, while survival values seem to be less important. Russian parental values change in the same direction as do Russian personal values.

Russian Parental Values in the Cross-Country Context from 1990–1991 to 2017–2020

ABSTRACT The article analyzes parental values in Russia and 33 other countries, and considers how these values have changed from 1990–1991 to 2017–2020. Russian dynamics are analyzed via seven waves, while the international dynamics are assigned two waves. We used a combination of data from the World Values Survey and the European Values Study and discovered that in 1990 the Russian value agenda regarding children was highly survival oriented. By 2017–2020 certain changes had occurred: Russians no longer accented survival values (e.g., hard work, thrift, and obedience), with the exception of religiosity, which has markedly increased; self-expression values (e.g., independence and imagination) became more popular, while humanistic values lost much of their importance for Russians. In 33 countries, humanistic values remained as popular as in 1990, while survival values became less important. The change in Russian parental values runs parallel to the change in Russian personal values.