Clash Of Values Research Articles

Civilizations at Odds: The Persistent Conflict Between Israel and Palestine

The question whether the issues in the Middle East stem from a clash of values or from Western imperialist intervention has long been a subject of scholarly discourse. This article posits around the discourse of ‘clash of civilizations’, which is an endeavor to uphold Western hegemony in the Middle East. Furthermore, it contends the narrative, that it functions as a self-fulfilling prophecy, exacerbating ongoing conflicts within the region. A complex interplay of factors encompassing ethnic, national, historical, and religious shapes the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The degree to which religion influences non-religious players, the identities of conflicting parties, the practical issues at hand, the relevant legislation, and their attitudes are not well acknowledged. This paper explains why West uses a distorted portrayal of conflicting civilizations as a powerful political tool and the risk of this narrative becoming a self-fulfilling prophecy that reshapes modern politics.

Queer immigrants’ performative identity and cultural marginality in the context of queering ESL education

Abstract This qualitative study analyzes three gay Chinese immigrants’ experiences and perspectives regarding English hegemony, internalized oppression, and sexual identity using language ideology, social positioning, and performativity. The findings show that speaking English still determines one’s proximity to American culture, and language ideology affects attitudes towards one’s own culture and language. In particular, the study demonstrates a triple marginalization in which participants are more or less marginalized because their inherited American values clash with their marginality, and at the same time, because of their negative experiences with local gay communities and rejection from their own culture, they feel alienated, displaced, and immobile as a result. Additionally, English learning and interacting with LGBTQ content contribute to their language acquisition, sexual identity transformation, and activism development. Queering ESL education is needed because English learners inherit oppressive English ideologies and show discrimination towards other marginalized groups. As a gateway to American society and cultures, ESL classes present opportunities to raise awareness and challenge hegemonic discourse. Furthermore, ESL classrooms can also be powerful places for queer students whose cultures provide little or no validation of their sexuality to cultivate their cultural competence and affirm their place within society.

Professional Values and Mental Health Tribunals: How Healthcare Professionals’ and Lawyers’ Views Are Shaped by Values, and How This Might Impede Reform

Most countries that provide for compulsory treatment for mental illness have a system by which this treatment is subject to independent legal oversight. Many countries use a special type of legal body for this purpose, called a mental health tribunal. Mental health tribunals have been subject to criticism from the points of view of both legal professionals and mental healthcare practitioners. Similar themes have manifested in these criticisms and have been consistent across several decades; legal professionals tend to focus on the tribunals being biased toward the medical opinion, and acting as a ‘rubber stamp’, whereas healthcare practitioners tend to focus on the adversarial nature of the trial, and the adverse effect that this can have on clients. However, empirical studies of the tribunals have not separated and directly compared these perspectives. This study aimed to explore this dynamic between lawyers’ views and healthcare practitioners’ views of mental health tribunals. We used thematic analysis to re-analyse data from two previous research studies, one which looked at lawyers’ views of the tribunals, and one which looked at healthcare practitioners’ views. Our results are divided into three themes: views of the problems with tribunals, professional roles in relationship to the tribunals and professional values demonstrated through these views and roles. We then consider if the ‘clash of values’ represented by these findings, and found in the literature, may pose an impediment to tribunal reform. Identifying and exploring this barrier is an important step to moving beyond critique to reform.

Evaluating Ayaan Hirsi Ali’s Views on Adherence to Islam in Heretic

This study investigates Ayaan Hirsi Ali’s view that adherence to Islam is not viable in secular liberal societies of the West, owing to a so-called clash of norms and values. For Hirsi Ali, this clash causes cognitive dissonance in Muslims and makes them withdraw to Muslim enclaves or become radicalised. This study evaluates these claims by comparing them to findings from ethnographic research with Muslims in the West. The data on Muslim religious life shows, for the most part, Muslims in the West can practice Islamic rituals and behaviours owing to social, individual and religion factors, such that what emerges is a fluid way of life that fits into a secular liberal society. Hirsi Ali’s views are thus a misrepresentation of adherence to Islam. The study takes this to be the outcome of her lack of empirical research with Muslims.

Cultural orientation of the “mimicry” society. The search for national self-identification in contemporary screen art

The purpose of this article is to study the peculiarities of the behavioral manifestation of Ukrainian screen characters in order to identify qualitative features characteristic of the Ukrainian mentality. This will allow us to determine the themes of screen works that will be relevant for the contemporary Ukrainian viewer, which will improve the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of Ukrainian audiovisual art.
 The methodology. Five scientific sources were studied (one dissertation, one collective scientific work, and three scientific articles), which allowed us to analyze the relationship between the behavioral reactions of the screen character and the nature of fear that was formed in the process of adaptive transformation of society. On the example of the films “The Guide” by Oles Sanin, “The Red” by Zaza Buadze, and “The Rising Hawk” by Leonid Osyka, the main themes and conflicts that characterize Ukrainian identity were identified and formulated.
 The results of the study demonstrate certain stable psychophysical reactions displayed by the screen character in a situation of existential conflict caused by the historical development of Ukrainian society. The nature of fears, as the main instrument of the motivating impulse in the process of forming cognitive, emotional and behavioral reactions, is determined by the level of the scale of the hero’s own identity recognition.
 The scientific novelty of the study lies in the author’s attempt to consider the conflict of the Ukrainian screen hero as a value clash between the goal-setting of a free individual and a society that has undergone adaptive transformations, which is realized through the manifestation of a certain behavioral nature of screen characters.
 The practical significance of the research findings will help in the process of creating new screen works. This will increase the attention to Ukrainian cinema.

Social conflict in Pati: Identifying causes and analyzing dynamics

This section discusses a social conflict that emerged in Pati, Central Java, Indonesia, sparked by the expansion plans of cement factories in the region. The conflict revolved around contrasting perspectives on environmental preservation, social harmony, economic interests, and sustainability. The clash of values led to protests, legal battles, and a deep-rooted conflict that persisted for years. The analysis explores the factors contributing to the conflict, the roles of social institutions in conflict resolution, and the broader implications for sustainable development and community engagement. The section also emphasizes the importance of understanding and addressing social conflicts in the context of contemporary state concepts and community dynamics.

Harmonization of Islam-Sunda in the Wuku Taun Tradition in Cikondang Village Authors

In the case of Sundanese society and culture, many Sundanese classmates were born and raised in a Sundanese environment, but no longer recognize Sundanese culture, customs and values. They are more familiar with foreign cultures and civilizations. The new civilization has had a huge influence on culture and the state of society. The values ​​that were previously believed were intimidated by the new values. On the one hand, positive things have given birth to knowledge for education, but on the other hand, Sundanese noble values ​​have faded, because of the interests of immigrants. The clash of values ​​due to evolutionary faults made the Sundanese generation begin to shift. The values ​​and social institutions that were originally considered as Sundanese identity and entities began to be doubted. They feel more valued as 'European humans' in their native form. Even though Sundanese has culture, has customs, has language, the Sundanese should be aware of their nature as Sundanese. This change has also affected traditional Sundanese villages, which have been persistent in maintaining their traditions. The Sundanese people themselves are no longer familiar with the Traditional Village of Kampung Cikondang in the Bandung area, which so far has been used as a place for preserving Sundanese Customs and Culture. For this reason, the role of all groups, the government, through policies that are more directed at cultural or cultural considerations rather than purely economic ones, are needed which are detrimental to a cultural development in the policies formulated, so that traditional enclaves such as Kampung Adat can eventually sustainable. While the community can play a role according to their respective abilities. The method used in this research is qualitative, that is used as a research procedure that produces descriptive data in the form ofwritten or spoken words from observable persons.

Will the UK Government’s Initial Teacher Training Market Review Report provide the catalyst for a renewed values-based dialectic in teacher education?

ABSTRACT The context for this study is the recommendation of the UK Government’s Initial Teacher training (ITT) Market Review (2021) to require all, including historic English university partnerships, to apply for re-accreditation. There follows a detailed examination of current policy documents, culminating in the ITT Market Review, which demonstrates a clash of ideological values between current neo-liberal instrumentalism, aimed at aligning teacher education with school improvement and historic narratives which embed teacher education within the civic, social democratic values of the university. It is argued that such a clash of ideological values may provide hope for re-generating a Gramscian values-based dialectic in current teacher education which can contribute to the development of the moral and political values of trainee teachers. Application of the Gramscian Dialectic and Historical Consciousness to a textual analysis of the University of Manchester's archival teacher training documentation reveals a dialectic over the period 1963–1975 between the university delegacy's social democratic values and new managerialist values. The textual analyses of the current Manchester Ofsted report and current primary training documentation suggest that, just as the narrative of that 1963–1975 dialectic informs the development of student–teachers’ moral and political values of the time, so too does it continue to inform the professional values and practice of current trainees underpinning their outstanding inclusive practice. The study concludes with a fundamental question about narrative and its implications for the development of the moral and political values of trainees in new teaching alliances.

How to Cover Murder-Suicides: A Study of Irish Journalism Ethics

ABSTRACT Based on 12 in-depth, semi-structured interviews, this study explores the attitudes of news media professionals toward Codes of Practice and guidelines and how they may conflict in the coverage of murder-suicide incidents. There is a dearth of research in this area, even though four organizations in Ireland have issued guidelines on how journalists should report on cases of this nature. This study found that news media professionals have a largely positive attitude toward guidelines and codes; however, news media conventions and routines can conflict with recommendations. Furthermore, the interview subjects’ sense of duty to the public, to provide a full and frank disclosure of information often outweighed their responsibility to any guide or code in the context of covering cases of murder-suicide. This raises critical issues for the coverage of cases of this nature, particularly when news values clash with Codes of Practice and guidelines.

Trouble in paradise: When two species of conservation and cultural value clash, causing a management conundrum.

Threatened species throughout the world are in decline due to various causes. In some cases, predators of conservation or cultural value are causing the decline of threatened prey, presenting a conservation conundrum for managers. We surveyed marine turtle nests on K'gari (formally known as Fraser Island), Australia, to investigate dingo predation of green and loggerhead turtle nests, where each of these species is of conservation value. Our monitoring revealed that 84% of nests were predated by dingoes. Only 16% of nests were not consumed by dingoes, and only 5.7% of nests were confirmed to have successfully hatched. Up to 94% of nests were consumed in some areas, and predation rates were similar across different dingo packs. Information on the available numbers of nests and dingoes in the area indicated that turtle nests alone are sufficient to support extant dingoes over the summer. These results indicate that marine turtle eggs represent a previously unquantified but important food source for dingoes on K'gari, and that turtle nests at this rookery site are under serious threat from dingoes. This research should highlight the importance of prioritising the protection of turtle nests from dingoes or risk losing the entire rookery forever in the near future.

Transnational Approach to the Study of Media Audience

The article examines the theoretical and methodological understanding of the transformation of the axiological background in media discourse, influenced by mediatization and globalization. The multiplicity of opinions within the media audience arises from the increasing popularity of transnational media conglomerates’ information products. In the context of cross-border socio-political processes, the cross-cultural interaction among media audience participants leads to clashes of values during online media discourse. This article suggests exploring the concept of a “transnational audience” and its components through a meta-analysis of the research base. The authors assert that adopting a transnational approach to studying the media audience will enable an examination of the value background of media discourse within the context of global socio-political processes.

Judges' Considerations In Implementing Criminal Sanctions To Persons Of The Crime For Forcing Children To Perform Abusive Actions (Decision Number: 150/Pid.Sus/2021/PN Gdt)

Abstract
 One example of the crime of forcing a child to commit obscene acts is based on Decision Number: 150/Pid.Sus/2021/PN Gdt which states that the Defendant Nuzul Hairi Bin Nurul Huda has been legally and convincingly proven guilty of committing a crime of committing violence and threats of forceful violence child commits obscene acts. Factors that cause perpetrators to commit crimes of forcing children to commit obscene acts based on Decision Number: 150/Pid.Sus/2021/PN Gdt are educational factors, environmental factors or place of residence. The criminal act of sexual intercourse with a child in the jurisdiction of the Pesawaran Resort Police is indicated by the process of development of culture and civilization. Displacement of norms of behavior in western cultural areas and studied as a mental conflict or as a clash of cultural values. Economic factor theory is fundamental to all social structures. Economic development in the jurisdiction of the Pesawaran Resort Police tends to be uneven, there are still many people who have not found work or are unemployed. This condition causes social deviations in society, such as the crime of sexual intercourse with a child in the jurisdiction of the Pesawaran Resort Police. The judge's considerations in applying criminal sanctions to perpetrators of the crime of forcing children to commit obscene acts based on Decision Number: 150/Pid.Sus/2021/PN Gdt consist of 2 (two) things, namely aggravating things and mitigating things. What was aggravating was that the actions of the defendant had damaged the future of the witness-victim, the parents of the witness-victim felt very objection to the actions of the defendant, and the actions of the defendant had violated religious norms. Meanwhile, the mitigating factors are that the defendant admits and regrets his actions and promises not to repeat his actions, and the defendant has never been punished.

When Vulgarism Comes through Popular music: An Investigation of Slackness in Zimdancehall Music

In Zimbabwe, popular music, particularly the Zimdancehall music genre, has become a cultural site where Shona moral values clash with explicit sexual lyrical content despite a censorship regime in the country. This article examines the nature and cultural consequences of the moral decadence that emerges in popular Zimdancehall song lyrics by several musicians. The article illustrates how vulgar language popularises Zimdancehall songs in unheralded ways that foster identities laced with cultural ambivalences that may portray the artists as both famous and depraved. This qualitative study does textual and content analysis of 11 purposively sampled songs with sex terms to elucidate the cultural inconsistencies in Zimdancehall song narratives. Analysis is informed by the Neuro-Psycho-Social theory, which recognises how socio-cultural restrictions are challenged by an emerging ghetto culture like new wine in old bottles. Alternative unsanctioned new popular music genres can be used to permeate the sociocultural system.

Resisting “Liberal Values”

During the previous decade (2012–2021), in Ukraine, political pressure from the European Union combined with the efforts of the local civil society resulted in the adoption of legislation to prevent and eliminate discrimination, protect women from domestic violence, and promote LGBT people’s rights. Nevertheless, these changes were met by the opposition from various conservative and religious groups that have, over time, become more sophisticated in their resistance strategies. The present article applies the concept of heteroactivism to examine the role of women within such groups in Ukraine. It argues that Ukrainian heteroactivism is a product of the “clash of values” largely influenced by the geopolitical position of Ukraine and its historical and cultural context. Studying the cases of the Sisterhood of St. Olga, the Association of Sexologists and Sexual Therapists of Ukraine (ASSU), and several prominent scholarly figures, the article identifies the mobilization frames these activists use, specifically, Women as Wives and Mothers, Protection of Family and Minors, and Religion (heteroactivism as martyrdom). This study shows that in attempts to influence national policymaking, Ukrainian women heteroactivists set rigid standards of “proper” Ukrainian femininity and the role of women (that of a mother and wife staying outside of politics) within a “proper” Ukrainian family, which must be heterosexual, Christian, and monogamous.

The Attempted Destruction of Western Values

An attempt to shake the established world order of Western society, based on International Law, by the waging of war, has reached its peak. This is evidenced not only by Russia’s war in Ukraine, but also by Russia’s political attempts to destabilise Moldova’s approach to Western values, along with the recent unrest in Georgia, where there is a risk of restricting individual freedom of expression, and the constant threats against the Baltic States. Conflicts of values have existed throughout world history, but the events we are witnessing now are not an accident, but a systematic reiteration of Russia’s influence, with the aim of maintaining its influence and, perhaps, increasing its power in the region. The aim of this article is to show the clash of contemporary values in the current socio-political situation from the perspectives of theory and practice. Russian political leaders had long used alarming language in their rhetoric, up to and including the moment of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. In Europe and throughout the Western world there was a belief in universal values with peaceful/stable global institutions, a belief which has proved to be misguided. On the other hand, military aggression against a free and independent country can be interpreted as a direct and clear attempt to destabilise the values of Western civilisation, without which no democratic society can exist. The timing of the military aggression was chosen after a decline in civic confidence from the perspective of the COVID-19 crisis; European countries were experiencing a reduction in political activity among their citizens, dissatisfaction with the political elite, and a certain decline in confidence in the EU institutions. The course of the pandemic reflected the lack of critical thinking in societies, as individuals were also at risk of manipulation in the information sphere. The Russian invasion of Ukraine caused some indignation in the Western world and a failure to react quickly to the rapid turn of events. After the first year of the war, the EU Member States managed not only to change their position but also to give unwavering and unequivocal support to the victim of the war, namely, Ukraine. So far, the EU slogan “United in Diversity” has become “United in Solidarity”, helping Ukraine to hold on and possibly win the war against the aggressor state, because no war, especially a war of values, ends on the front lines. As a result of current events, EU and transatlantic cooperation has undergone a major transformation involving extensive cooperation, a clear position on international law, and a desire to preserve and strengthen Western values.

Sir Francis Drake’s Caribbean Raid (1585-86) and the Rhetoric of Blame

This essay delves into how Sir Francis Drake’s Caribbean raid (1585-86) inspired diverging accounts among English, Iberian, and colonial institutions. Relying on a transatlantic framework, including English and Hispanic literary and historical primary sources, this essay examines the intentions behind said discrepancies, such as the conceptual rearrangement of the terms “enemy” and “pirate,” and the reassertion of imperial ideologies in order to advance individual political ambitions. Beyond Drake’s military siege, the essay argues that the battle between English, Spanish, and colonial forces also embodies the distinctive clash of economic, political, and social values of this period.

EMOTION OF ANGER IN CONFLICT COMMUNICATION (BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF UKRAINIAN AND ENGLISH PHRASEOLOGY)

The purpose of the research is to determine the specificity of the emotion of anger, characteristic of conflict communication (based on the material of Ukrainian and English phraseology). The research material is 82 phraseological units (45 Ukrainian and 37 English). Anger is an emotion characteristic of conflict communication (representation using various linguistic means of the process of creating and deploying a communicative space caused by the clash of different views, needs, and values of linguopersons, which develops into a contradiction of varying degrees of sharpness). Its constitutive features are aggressiveness, tension, impulsiveness, energy, activity, strength, mostly a clear focus on a non-specific subject (a specific object, a specific circumstance, a specific phenomenon, etc.), usually negative functionality in communication. The emotion of anger in the material of Ukrainian and English phraseology is manifested in 4 main aspects: 1) active aggression (expressed procedurally, by certain actions), in particular verbal (33 PhU); 2) anger as a momentary or permanent feature of the subject of conflict communication (27 PhU); 3) anger, explained with the help of a person’s appearance (mostly – with a look) (14 PhU); 4) a feeling of calmness after a state of anger (8 PhU). Anger as a process, an action is more characteristic of the English-speaking emotional picture of the world; at the same time, the verbalization of the transfer of anger by appearance, look, as well as the state of calmness are characteristic features of Ukrainian phraseology in the first place; the description of anger as a sign of personality is equally significant for both Ukrainian and English phraseology. The emotion of anger has a powerful conflictogenic (which can cause conflict communication) and actually conflict (which directly embodies conflict communication) potential.

Can Research Heal? Toward Restorative Validity: Axiological Commitments and Methodological Obligations as Contact Zones

This work begins with a simple premise: (re)imagining a healing space for social inquiry. I briefly highlight the work of a critical participatory action research collective—composed of Maya community members, nonprofit staff, and a university-affiliated researcher—and how we explored whether research could provide a restorative function for those experiencing trauma, abuse, and everyday restrictions on free will. We revisited our co-constructed conceptual framework—restorative validity—which paints inquiry as interconnected orientations rooted in relationships, justice, and liberation. By presenting our experiences as counternarratives, I describe how our axiological commitments act in opposition and resist methodological obligations, illuminating Pratt’s conceptualization of contact zones—in this case, a social space where co-researchers’ ethics and values clash with hegemonic research practices. These counternarratives offer a reflexive example of the ethical and axiological considerations that should be examined as collectives approach inquiry as a healing and restorative space. The aim is to educate those interested in questioning dominant paradigms, as well as critically exploring the necessary conditions for restorative validity. These reflections act as an open call: Are we simply too preoccupied with being scientific enough to the detriment of freeing ourselves to imagine, co-construct, and commit inquiry as a healing space? It questions whether our communities of research and practice hold sufficient freedom: Freedom from dominant paradigms. Freedom to challenge methodological practices and empower ourselves to create new forms of inquiry. Forms of inquiry that seek to heal and restore, rather than simply prove a point.

Unpacking Value Clash in School Choice: Reactions to a Liberal School in a Conservative Community

Unpacking Value Clash in School Choice: Reactions to a Liberal School in a Conservative Community

Hashtag activism found in translation: Unpacking the reformulation of #MeToo in Japan

In 2017, the MeToo hashtag spread across the globe. However, it showed limited success in the Japanese Twittersphere and instead inspired local initiatives such as #WeToo and #Furawādemo (“flower demo”). To understand this reformulation, we analyzed 15 interviews with Japanese social media users and 119 Japanese newspaper articles. The results corroborate the framework we label VTM (values, topics, media), suggesting that an intersection between perceived Japanese values, the topic’s gendered and sexual nature, and media affordances explain the movement’s local development. While perceived Japanese values clash against those associated with #MeToo, new formulations “soften” the protest by blending in values such as reserve and harmony. Overall, we show how perceptions of popular values rather than values as essential orientations shape activism. Finally, we discuss the study’s implications for understanding cultural variance in cyberactivism, highlighting how divergent notions of “safe space” shape such movements.