Value System Research Articles

Financial Wealth, Value and Moral Corruption in Seneca's Economic Thinking

This article scrutinises Seneca’s moral engagement with complex financial accounting as a speculative form of wealth and moneymaking that challenged social norms and subverted systems of value. The contribution discusses Seneca’s construction of a form of greed and corruption that is often anticipated by psychological biases, such as loss aversion and self-deception. This degenerating process is exemplified by the misuse of financial ledgers, and specifically of the kalendarium, an account book associated with moneylending that Seneca describes as a suspect instrument of avarice that provoked the ruin of fortunes.

Preferences reveal dissociable encoding across prefrontal-limbic circuits.

Individual preferences for the flavor of different foods and fluids exert a strong influence on behavior. Most current theories posit that preferences are integrated with other state variables in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), which is thought to derive the relative subjective value of available options to guide choice behavior. Here, we report that instead of a single integrated valuation system in the OFC, another complementary one is centered in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) in macaques. Specifically, we found that the OFC and vlPFC preferentially represent outcome flavor and outcome probability, respectively, and that preferences are separately integrated into value representations in these areas. In addition, the vlPFC, but not the OFC, represented the probability of receiving the available outcome flavors separately, with the difference between these representations reflecting the degree of preference for each flavor. Thus, both the vlPFC and OFC exhibit dissociable but complementary representations of subjective value, both of which are necessary for decision-making.

IT'S NOT ABOUT YOU: DO WE STILL NEED AN ‘ARTISTIC VOICE’?

AbstractThis article considers the possibility that the emphasis we place on composers developing an artistic voice might be unhelpful for making good pieces. I look at what constitutes an artistic voice and consider pros and cons for having a voice. As an alternative I examine strengths and weaknesses for being a capricious composer, which I define as a willingness to explore different compositional avenues without concern for constructing a consistent body of work. My objective is not to discredit composers who have a strong voice, but rather to loosen the grip of the single-voiced model that dominates the value system of new music.

Communication Culture Strength and Customer Satisfaction in Public Secondary Schools in Nairobi County, Kenya

Communication Culture Strength and Customer Satisfaction in Public Secondary Schools in Nairobi County, Kenya

Psychological Aspects of the Formation of Value Orientations of Teenagers in the Process of Teaching the Subject “Kazakh Language”

The article discusses the psychological aspects of the formation of value orientations in the process of teaching the Kazakh language to teenagers. On this basis, in the course of the study, an analysis of the Kazakh language textbooks of grades 5–7 is carried out and the quantity and quality of educational materials in terms of forming values are analyzed. The Kazakh and Turkish language textbooks of grades 5–7 are compared as well. The idea is substantiated that the age of adolescence is crucial from the point of view of the formation of value orientation since these years are formative and determining in the life of a personality, consequently, it is important for the school and family to actively participate in the process of upbriniging and education of a child. In this regard, the article is devoted to a comprehensive and comparative study of educational materials, in particular, textbooks on native language subjects of grades 5–7 in Kazakh and Turkish schools in terms of content, educative value, formative potential. The authors comes to the conclusion that within the framework of topics studied in grades 5–7 in Kazakh and Turkish lessons, there is a high probability of forming learners’ value systems with the need to take into account the content, emotional and behavioral components and methodologically appropriate development of tasks for text and audiovisual materials.

CONTENT OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE LECTURER

The article deals with the content of professional competence of foreign language lecturer. The aim of the article is to comprehensively delineate and analyze the essential professional competencies required by foreign language lecturers. Scientific works devoted to the study of the competences of foreign language teachers became the basis of the research methodology. The main methods of the conducted research were the methods of analysis, synthesis, comparative analysis, systematization, and generalization. It seeks to offer a structured framework that encapsulates the skills, knowledge, and attributes necessary to effectively teach a foreign language in diverse educational settings. It is generalised that the professional competence of foreign language lecturer is a unity of theoretical and practical readiness of teachers to carry out their professional activities. The current state of theory and practice of professional pedagogical training of foreign language lecturer is analysed. The conceptual foundations of the formation and development of foreign language lecturer's professional competence are substantiated regarding the prospects and strategies of pedagogical science development. The analysis of peculiarities and values of pedagogical activity, taking into account the need to transform and improve the modern pedagogical system, allowed us to conclude that it is expedient to organise the educational process in such a way that involves the formation of professional competence of foreign language lecturer on the basis of a system of internal motives and values, professional knowledge and psychological and pedagogical skills, as well as readiness for creative pedagogical work.

THE NATIONAL STATE IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION AND GLOBAL DEMOCRACY

The article provides a theoretical and methodological analysis of the processes of globalization and global democracy, examining how these processes alter the position, role, and functions of the modern nation-state while it contends with challenges posed by globalization yet strives to maintain its sovereignty.
 It is characterized that under the pressure of globalization, changes are occurring in the political and economic spheres that influence nation-states, leading to a gradual erosion of their sovereignty and increased susceptibility to economic influences from other states or transnational corporations.
 It is noted that the processes of globalization demonstrate the inability of states to fully protect their own interests and citizens from global economic and financial crises, informational impacts, environmental degradation, etc. In such circumstances, the nation-state is no longer the primary actor in the system of international relations, resulting in weakened centralized state institutions, shifts in the perception of state sovereignty, and the emergence of new structures within the global governance system.
 It is substantiated that global democracy, as a phenomenon introduced by the processes of globalization, is a form of implementation of the universal system of political democratic values as the basis for building a democratic society and the formation of public institutions that are the basis of democracy.
 It is determined that global democracy is a process of relations between states based on a certain value and normative basis that unites them and keeps them active in the field of certain relations, characterized by the improvement of interconnection between states through the formation of a single information space and the need for a new political order of the world.
 It is emphasized that the processes of globalization and global democracy are objective processes of convergence of political systems of the world, formation of a policy of common standards and approaches to solving common civilization problems.
 It is concluded that for Ukraine, in the context of globalization and global democracy, the main factors of strengthening its sovereignty are the establishment of relations with the international community on the principles of democratic governance, development of a competitive economy, democratization of all spheres of public life, socio-political unity of a civil nation, territorial integrity, and sustainable development of the state.

DEVELOPMENT OF ECOLOGICAL CULTURE IN FUTURE TEACHERS OF BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY

This paper delves into the crucial role of ecological education in developing the ecological culture among future biology and ecology teachers. Given the pressing challenges of the ecological crisis, this study emphasizes the need for an educational paradigm that not only imparts environmental knowledge but also fosters a deep-seated value system and responsible behaviors towards the environment. The research identifies the core components of ecological culture, which include environmental knowledge, skills, values, and the ability to predict and mitigate the adverse impacts of human activities on nature. The methodology employs a blend of traditional and innovative educational techniques, incorporating discussions, observations, surveys, and the integration of environmental content across the curriculum. The study highlights the structured formation of ecological culture through a five-stage process, ranging from initial orientation to reflective evaluation. Each stage is designed to enhance students' engagement with environmental issues, cultivate a professional and personal commitment to environmental stewardship, and develop competencies that align with the normative documents of higher pedagogical education. The findings underscore the significance of integrating ecological education within the framework of higher education, demonstrating that a systematic approach can effectively cultivate future educators who are well-equipped to promote and embody ecological culture. This integration not only prepares educators to handle environmental challenges professionally but also encourages the adoption of sustainable practices in their personal lives and teaching careers. The paper concludes that establishing a robust ecological culture in educational settings is pivotal for fostering a generation of educators who are proactive in addressing and solving environmental issues.

중고령자의 건강 라이프스타일에 반영된 가치체계에 따른 유형과 주관적 건강 및 종합적 행동 경향의 차이

Objective: To classify latent profiles of the value systems reflected in the healthy lifestyles of middle-aged and older adults using latent profile analysis (LPA) and analyze differences in related influencing factors, subjective health, and comprehensive behavioral tendencies. Methods: Yonsei Lifestyle Profile-Values, Self-Rated Health, and Yonsei Lifestyle Profile-ABCD data were collected from 300 middle-aged and older adults through an online research company. LPA was conducted on the collected lifestyle value system data. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to examine factors influencing the classified latent profiles, and one-way ANOVA was conducted to assess differences in the dependent variables between profiles. Results: Three latent profiles based on value system characteristics were identified: ‘Low Health Values System (Profile1),’ ‘High Health Values System (Profile2),’ and ‘Moderate Health Values System (Profile3).’ Educational attainment and age significantly influenced these latent profiles. Additionally, significant differences were observed in subjective health and overall behavioral tendencies among the profiles. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that middle-aged and older adults who prioritize health in their value systems are more likely to adopt healthier behaviors in their daily lives. This highlights the importance of considering value systems when designing intervention strategies and directions aimed at promoting healthy lifestyles from a health management perspective.

A Comparative Analysis of Left and Right Spatial Metaphors in Chinese and Vietnamese: An Interlinguistic Study

Metaphors pervade our daily lives and thinking, serving not just as rhetorical devices but as tools for understanding the world. Humans have developed various spatial orientations based on their understanding of themselves and the objective world. However, due to different value systems, each ethnicity perceives these orientations differently. This paper compares the spatial metaphors of "left" and "right" in Chinese and Vietnamese from a cognitive metaphor perspective. It reveals that due to cultural differences, the languages exhibit both corresponding and non-corresponding metaphorical relationships. Understanding these similarities and differences deepens our knowledge of the expression of metaphorical cognition in Chinese, as well as the psychological and thought patterns of the Chinese people.

Transfer pricing reforms in the context of BEPS: challenges remain

The presence of affiliated entities in different countries and the independence of tax systems make it easy to shift profits from jurisdictions with high corporate tax rates to jurisdictions with low rates. Transfer prices and the arm's length principle are used to prevent profit shifting. The article identifies the peculiarities of transfer pricing reform in the context of the BEPS plan, analyses changes to Ukrainian legislation and opportunities for its improvement.
 The article analyses the amendments to the Tax Code of Ukraine aimed at ensuring the implementation of the BEPS plan. The shortcomings of these amendments are outlined and amendments are proposed to improve the legislation. The author also examines the compliance with the BEPS guiding principle, which provides for the taxation of profits where profit-generating economic activities are carried out and where value is created. It is established that the amendments to the Tax Code of Ukraine do not ensure the implementation of this principle.
 In addition to the problems of practical implementation of the provisions of legislation, the article identifies conceptual shortcomings of the proposed improvements to the transfer pricing methods, which practically do not ensure the achievement of the set goals. An alternative method of pricing based on the market assessment of value added, which is determined by the sum of the firm’s factor income, wages and profits, is substantiated. Instead of the concept of “transfer price”, the concept of “fair market price” is introduced, which is determined by the sum of value added, depreciation and expenses, representing the added value of all previous stages of the production and/or distribution cycles. The proposed approach excludes the concepts of “affiliated entities”, “transfer prices” and “arm’s length principle”. The existence of a unified system of value added tax in the European Union allows for the unification of the tax system in terms of direct and indirect taxes as a result of the introduction of fair market prices.
 Amendments to the legislation have been proposed to allow for automatic solution of the following tasks.

On boundary values system of sequential hybrid fractional differential equations

On boundary values system of sequential hybrid fractional differential equations

Pedagogical heritage of ethnic values in the process of self-education

Modern ethno-pedagogical education is aimed at solving a number of problems: the entry of a future teacher, a university graduate into society, his productive adaptation and successful self-realization in a multicultural space; promoting the development of his professionalism and self-trait; ensuring the continuity of generations in the transmission of ethnic value system. This, in turn, requires the content filling of future teacher`s professional training by the formation of the professional and pedagogical self-educational competence of future teachers with special knowledge, that contributes to the professional and ethical development of his personality, the formation of ethno-pedagogical competence, his readiness for activities based on ethical norms of relationships in a particular ethno and a multicultural environment. Today, in public consciousness and activity, the human factor is justified as the determining factor in solving modern problems, and therefore the idea of a person's intrinsic value, the need to respect his personal dignity, spiritual experience, ethnicity, ethno-social role, rights to uniqueness, and to choose the path of cognition and life is discussed.

STEM learning design to train student’s system thinking skills on climate change

Climate change in coastal areas is a complex problem that involves value systems and requires various scientific disciplines. Integration of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) approach is needed in learning so that it can train students to think holistically, structured and systematically. This research was carried out with the aim of producing an appropriate STEM learning design to train students' systems thinking skills on climate change material. The type of research is research and development using the analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation (ADDIE) model. The trial subjects in this research were 28 class VIII students of SMP Muhammadiyah 12 GKB Gresik, East Java. The research instruments were validation sheets of lesson plan and student worksheets, observation sheets, and systems thinking skills assessment sheets. The research results show; (1) The Extraordinary Lesson Plan (ELP) and student worksheet of STEM learning design development which are measured through Aiken Validity with a value of 0.89 ≥ 0.6 in the valid category; (2) The STEM learning design developed is in the practical category with an average score of 3.5; and (3) students' systems thinking abilities in climate change material are in the good category. It can be concluded that the STEM learning design developed to train junior high school students' systems thinking skills was feasible to be used in learning.

라이프스타일에 반영된 가치체계 평가도구(Yonsei Lifestyle Profile-Values)의 구성 타당성: 이중요인(Bifactor) 모델 접근

Objective: The construct validity and reliability of the Yonsei Lifestyle Profile-Values (YLP-V) were verified to measure the value system reflected in lifestyle behaviors. Methods: Data were collected from 300 community-dwelling older adults aged 55 years and older who were registered with an online research organization. The YLP-V was used to collect data, which underwent descriptive statistics, differential item functioning, and factor analysis. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to estimate the factor structure, and confirmatory factor analysis was used to compare and confirm the validity of four competing models (single-factor, hierarchical factor, multidimensional factor, and bifactor). Results: Exploratory factor analysis using target rotation revealed that the dimensions of the YLP-V (activity, five items; interest, four items; opinion, nine items) showed factor loadings of 0.4 or higher, indicating good construct validity. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the bifactor model (χ2 = 164.58**, degree of freedom = 117, root mean square error of approximation = 0.05, standard root mean residual = 0.04, comparative fit index = 0.95, Turker Lewis index = 0.93) demonstrated the best fit among the tested models. Conclusion: We identified a factor structure consistent with evidence for developing the YLP-V, which allows for a micro-level lifestyle approach. The bifactor structure, with 18 items representing activity, interest, and opinion, demonstrated validity, and the YLP-V could be valuable for measuring and understanding the value systems reflected in behaviors within a healthy lifestyle.

TRANSFORMATION OF THE VALUE FOUNDATIONS OF CULTURE INFORMATION NETWORK SOCIETY

In Russian humanitarian thought, the problems of preserving and further developing the spiritual, value component of human activity in the context of a developing information and network society are widely discussed. Informatization, digitalization, expanding the boundaries of the information and network space, constructively transforms human existence. Screen, network culture demonstrates qualitatively new approaches to understanding the phenomena of "culture", "values", "norms". The ideas propagated by virtual countercultures and subcultures aimed at the formation of utilitarian, hedonistic attitudes contribute to the leveling of ethical, moral principles, and the de-formation of a value system. This indicates that the dynamics of value bases is shifting from the highest to the lowest pole: from spiritual to material, from traditional to universal, from socially significant to individual values. The focus of this problem is to create a humanistically oriented environment filled with ethical imperatives and fundamental values.

Well-being and subjectively experienced Stress among Doctors of the oncology Institute

Health, life satisfaction and subjective well-being are key concepts that directly define the complex of a person’s quality of life, and at the same time they support it and are the most significant determinants. These determinants directly express “how people perceive their place in life, in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and interests” (WHO, 1996, p. 5). In addition to health, satisfaction and economic well-being, work also appears in the ranking of human priorities. The author Uháľ (2006, p. 29) refers to it as the constant, rational and free activity of a person that is based on a sense of creative necessity and the necessity of maintaining life. He adds that it is connected with joy and effort, “which aims to create individual and social good and values of both material and spiritual nature”. According to the author Árpová (2018), the general effort to preserve and improve human health is such a serious task that issues related to it are not only the subject of interest of important national and international institutions and the topic of several international documents, it is also of interest for individual countries and is a priority of their governments. We are talking about the state health policy, which, according to WHO (1999), directly determines the goals, strategies and priorities of the state in the field of healthcare, its support and development, as well as protection and restoration. Several contemporary experts such as Musil (2004) and Géringová (2011) define helping professions as professions based on providing professional assistance to people in difficult life situations. Thus, these professions are significantly different from other professions.

О юридическом приоритете традиционных духовно-нравственных ценностей

In this article the authors based on the positions of the normative approach to understanding law, come to the conclusion that there is a dialectical connection between traditional Russian spiritual and moral values in law and legal priority. On the one hand, the protection of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values is one of the strategic national priorities of the Russian state. On the other hand, values can act as a criterion for setting priorities for state legal regulation, defining, both formal and legal conditions for the dominant position of any spheres, as well as moral and ethical guidelines. In some cases, it may be necessary to establish priorities in the value system itself. The named dialectical unity is investigated by the authors on the basis of modern domestic legal protection of traditional spiritual and moral values.

Towards decolonising the ethics of AI in education

ABSTRACT This paper seeks to contribute an analysis to the ongoing debate about how international organisations govern education futures through Eurocentric policy initiatives. Using thematic analysis situated within decolonial methodologies to review two foundational documents pertaining to the ethics of AI in education, I argue that these documents are best understood as sites of epistemic production about how governance of AI in education is taking place through the development of a Eurocentric system of values. The main assumption is that discourse constructs reality rather than simply reflecting it. As such, the study of texts in this manner can uncover how social reality is systematically created to govern the behaviour of individuals and groups.

The interaction between language identity, pedagogy, and the effects on indigenous languages (Urdu and Sindhi): A case study of undergraduate institutes of Sindh, Pakistan

The purpose of the article is to examine the correlation between language and identity, as well as the influence of English language instruction in Pakistan on Pakistani linguistic identities. While English language learners use a variety of teaching and learning strategies, they also come from a range of socioeconomic backgrounds and have varied learning objectives. The data collection involved two hundred undergraduates from each of the two campuses of the University of Sindh, one located in Jamshoro and the other in Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. Additionally, interviews were conducted with five English language instructors who were all affiliated with the University of Sindh. Qualitative methods were utilized by the researcher for this investigation. The researcher employed two survey questionnaires, one for teachers and one for students, as a crucial tool for data gathering. The findings of the article demonstrate that language plays a significant role in expressing one’s social or personal identity, serving as a single characteristic of language usage for identification. Moreover, the article also examined the influence of English on two Pakistani languages, Urdu and Sindhi. Following the acquisition of English language skills, individuals may perceive changes in their level of competence, communication style, and value systems. The inclination towards code-mixing in public discourse can be attributed to the English language, as Pakistanis are highly conscious of their social status and aspire to appear well-educated.