Values Of Water Quality Parameters Research Articles

Economic Impact of Periphyton-Based Stunted Fingerling Production in Arunachal Pradesh, India

Non availability of right type quality seed at right time in required quantity is major bottleneck for the growth of aquaculture in Arunachal and major portion of seed are being import from other nearby state especially Assam in particular. To make availability of good quality seed at right time having a regional acclimation for a longer duration in far flung areas of the state, the present investigation was conducted on low cost Periphyton (grown on paddy straw) based stunted yearling production technology to improve the survival and health of stocked material and their economic impact on the fish farmers of district West Kameng during 2018-2021. The average values of pond water quality parameters were observed to vary between both the culture ponds with a significant seasonal differences at all the sites and there were found a greater difference in average survival rate of both the commodities i.e. table size fish as well as stunted yearling during whole culture period. The involved cost of cultivation was recorded higher Rs. 4,70,000 / ha in stunted yearling culture in comparison to Rs.424,940/ha in thetable size carp culture while average gross benefit was just opposite, recorded higher Rs. 6,90,000/ ha in stunted yearling culture in comparison to Rs.199,960/ ha in table size carp culture with the same trend in BCR i.e. 2.46 for stunted fingerling production and 1.47 in the production of table size fishes respectively.

Investigation of the Effects of Erzurum Province Wastewater Treatment Plant on the Karasu River Water Quality

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of the wastewater treatment plant located in the Aziziye District of Erzurum Province on the Karasu River. For this purpose, water samples were taken from 3 stations for a year between 2022-2023. The mean water temperature was measured in situ during sampling as 13.8 ˚C, the mean pH value was 7.7, the mean electrical conductivity was 403 µs/cm, and the mean dissolved oxygen value was 6 mg/l. The mean total suspended solid (TSS) amount was determined as 46.7 mg/l, the mean chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration was 28.9 mg/l, the mean biological oxygen demand (BOD) concentration was 18.5 mg/l, the mean total nitrogen (TN) concentration was 4.47 mg/l, the mean nitrate (NO3) concentration was 5.35 mg/l, the mean nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) concentration was 1.21 mg/l, the mean total hardness (TH) was 155 mg/l, the mean ammonium (NH4) concentration was 2.75 mg/l, and the mean ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) concentration was 2.16 mg/L. As a result, it was determined that the Wastewater Treatment Plant positively affected some water quality parameter values of the Karasu River.

POTENTIAL OF BIOFLOC TECHNOLOGY IN AQUACULTURE WASTEWATER TREATMENT

The increasing global demand for aquatic products and decline in wild fisheries pose a challenge in achieving the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal 14, which is to conserve and sustainably use marine resources. The depletion of fish populations due to overfishing, destruction of aquatic habitats as well as climate change has adversely affected aquatic ecosystems, which leads to further pressure in establishing food security. To meet the rising demand for fish products, countries have turned to aquaculture, but the industry itself faces many environmental challenges, particularly in wastewater management. This review explores the potential of using biofloc technology (BFT) to treat wastewater. BFT utilises microbial ecosystem processes to remove excess nutrients and acts as a natural “cleaning” mechanism. It transforms organic waste into valuable microbial biomass, which enhances water quality and minimises the ecological footprint of aquaculture. In this way, BFT reduces the amount of solid waste generated, increases the level of dissolved oxygen and creates an environment that is less conducive for the growth of harmful bacteria, thus reducing the need for chemical treatments. This paper also discusses the role of BFT in toxic remediation by analysing the nature and composition of aquaculture wastewater. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the mean values for various water quality parameters in aquaculture and biofloc water, and compares them with aquaculture standards.

Integrated Assessment of Kirala Kele Wetland Health: Bridging the Gap between Water Quality Parameters and Biotic Components

Abstract The present study was carried out to assess the health of the Kirala Kele Wetland, Sri Lanka, by coupling water quality indices and bioindicators. A total of 12 sampling sites were selected to represent different land-use patterns of the Kirala Kele Wetland using purposive sampling technique, and sampling was conducted from March 2021 to May 2021, on a monthly basis. Triplicated samples (n = 3) were obtained for each sampling event at each sampling site. Aquatic macroinvertebrates were collected from each site to determine the biological water quality using the Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP) score. Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WAWQI) was calculated to understand the physicochemical parameters of water, and the mean values of physicochemical water quality parameters were compared with the Sri Lankan water quality standards. According to the WAWQI for the different sampling sites, water is not suitable for drinking without treatment. The resulted BMWP score (BMWP = 61) shows that the water quality is acceptable (clean but slightly impacted) for biotic components of the wetland in accordance with the aquatic macroinvertebrates present. Spatial variation in water quality parameters and the aquatic macroinvertebrates were taken into account, and the temporal variation in water quality parameters within the 3 months from March to May was considered.

GREEN CHEMISTRY: USING MORE SUSTAINABLE TECHNIQUES TO ESTIMATE THE WATER QUALITY OF THE UBERABA RIVER USING ORBITAL OPTICAL SENSORS

Green Chemistry aims to prevent pollution resulting from activities in the chemical sector. Generally, laboratory activities generate pollution because toxic substances are used to perform analyses, which produce waste once the analyses are completed. This study aimed to monitor the quality of the Uberaba River using more sustainable and non-destructive techniques through orbital remote sensing and to develop methods for estimating water quality at reduced costs using orbital sensors and machine learning. The values of water quality parameters, such as iron, nitrate, chloride, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen, were studied between 2018 and 2023. Orbital sensing data (spectral bands and vegetation indices) were taken from the exact geographic coordinates of the collection points. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and random forest regression analysis. The study concludes that it is possible to perform orbital remote sensing by estimating water quality through random forest regression, correlating the information obtained from Sentinel-2 images with the values of these parameters. This approach is a sustainable technique that does not generate waste and represents a 100% saving compared to conventional chemical analyses.

KEANEKARAGAMAN FITOPLANKTON DI DANAU KENANGA UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA, JAWA BARAT

In addition to urban forest area at the University of Indonesia, Depok Campus, West Java, there are lakes that functions as water reservoir area. University of Indonesia is eager to create green and beautiful campus environment with one of its efforts is to care for the lake ecosystem in the campus. This study was conducted to analyze the diversity of phytoplankton in the lake. Sampling was carried out by determining 3 location points with 3 times repetitions conducted on different days. The water samples taken were then identified at the Biology Laboratory FMIPA UNJ. The mean values of water quality parameters obtained were pH 10, TDS 90 ppm, temperature 30°C, and water clarity 46 cm. The results showed that 14 genera and 20 species have been found, they are Chlorophyta, Chroococcus, Coelosphaerium, Crucigeniella, Euglena, Gloeocapsa, Merismopedia, Pediastrum (3 species), Peridinium, Scenedesmus (4 species), Tablelaria, Tetrastrum, Volvox, and Westella (2 species). The Diversity Index Shannon-Wiener during the observation was 2.9, which means that the condition of water at the University of Indonesia Lake was very good and not polluted. The availability of phytoplankton in the area was generally sufficient which can be utilized by other organisms as food source.

A chemometric and ingestion hazard prediction study of groundwater in proximity to the Bandhwari landfill site, Gurugram, India.

Groundwater contamination due to the leaching of harmful pollutants such as heavy metals, xenobiotic compounds, and other inorganic compounds from solid waste dumping sites has become a major health concern in recent times. Therefore, to assess the effects of the Bandhwari landfill site, groundwater samples from the surrounding region of the dumping site were collected and analyzed for heavy metals and physicochemical properties. The total dissolved solids (TDS) of 67% of samples exceeded the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) permissible limits which makes it unfit for drinking purposes. The groundwater samples were also analyzed for iron (Fe), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) concentrations and results of heavy metal concentration in the groundwater around the Bandhwari landfill follow the concentration trend of Pb > Cd > Ni > Cu > Zn > Fe > Cr. Risk assessment of consumers' health was done using target hazard quotient calculations which were less than unity (threshold value of <1), indicating that heavy metal concentrations do not pose any serious health effect according to total hazard quotient values. The results of the study made it evident that groundwater is not suitable for drinking purposes due to excess values of water quality parameters but poses no risk due to studied metal concentrations.

Perceptions on Drinking Water and Wastewater in a Local Area in Western Romania

The present study focuses on current knowledge of the local tap water and sewage systems among the citizens of three western Romanian localities. Only one of the considered localities in this study, namely, Pecica, partially benefits from access to a centralized tap water and sewerage system. The interest in this subject was caused by a procedure initiated by the local authorities to develop and improve the aforementioned infrastructure. The investigation methodology consisted of an online survey. The generated feedback was optimal for determining the general level of residents’ awareness of water and wastewater quality and the means for informing decisions of community interest. Nearly 75% of the interviewed persons declared that they had not been informed about future regional investments. The results indicated the necessity of raising the residents’ awareness about water quality and its importance for health, daily activities, and the environment. Only a few of the interviewees could provide concrete and accurate values for water quality parameters.

Development of River Flow and Water Quality Using IOT-based Smart Buoys Environment Monitoring System

Efficient and accurate river water quality monitoring is needed to support laboratory testing based on on-site sampling. Therefore, we have developed a monitoring system for river flow and water quality using sensor-equipped buoys and the Internet of Things (IoT) concept. An ESP32 NodeMCU microcontroller integrated with WiFi and compatible with Arduino IDE is used in the system. The buoy is equipped with GPS to determine the position and flow speed and sensors to measure water quality parameters of pH and temperature. Data on position, flow velocity, and water quality parameters are transmitted over a WiFi network using the MQTT protocol. The data is recorded by the buoy and uploaded and displayed on the adafruit.io platform. Positioning was done by comparing the values displayed on the Neo-6M GPS with the Maps application on the smartphone. The results show that the GPS coordinate values are accurate. The water quality parameter values obtained have an error rate of 3.3% for the pH sensor and 1.02% for the temperature sensor. Thus, the system we have developed has the potential to be used as a substitute for field sampling-based river water quality monitoring systems.

TEKNIK PEMBESARAN KEPITING BAKAU (SCYLLA SP.) DENGAN SISTEM APARTEMEN

Mud crab or known as Scylla sp. is one of the coastal resources that has economic value and contains high nutrition. This causes the market demand for mud crabs is continue to increase from time to time. So, it is necessary to do mud crab cultivation. One strategy for managing crab cultivation can be done through an apartment system. This vertical aquaculture technology is the third evolution in mud crab cultivation after cultivation in nature and horizontal system cultivation which is generally carried out using ponds. Based on this, this study aims to determine the method of enlargement mud crabs with the apartment system. This research activity was carried out in March-April 2023 at the Brackish Water Aquaculture Center (BBPBAP) Jepara, Central Java. Data collection techniques used in this research are descriptive methods and field observations. The results obtained are knowing the stages of mud crab enlargement activities with the apartment system including preparation of rearing containers, crab selection, crab stocking, feed management, water quality management, harvesting, packaging, and transportation. The highest weight growth during the study was 372 g in Apartment 1 Floor 5. The highest Survival Rate (SR) value during the study was obtained from stocking 14 mud crabs per floor was 57% in Apartment 1 Floor 6. The value of water quality parameters during the study included temperature, pH, DO, and salinity are good and support for the life of mud crabs.

A field assessment of residential laundry to landscape greywater quality in the San Francisco Bay area

Abstract Potable water scarcity is a global issue. Recent and ongoing droughts in the Western United States make residential water conservation crucial. Several water agencies have invested in conservation programs that educate residents on non-traditional water sources, such as laundry-to-landscape (L2L) greywater systems, which reuse washing machine water for outdoor irrigation. This study analyzed landscape vegetation and 21 greywater characteristics of 30 households with L2L systems in Santa Clara County, California. Greywater from most residential systems, even ones decades-old and unmaintained, had acceptable reuse values for major water quality parameters tested. Overall, 89% of fecal coliform counts fell within the acceptable range for water reuse, although counts were higher in non-code-compliant systems than in code-compliant L2L systems. The mean values for coliform counts, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total organic carbon, magnesium, sodium, chloride, and sodium adsorption ratio were lower than the means previously reported for L2L systems. Analysis of water samples indicated high levels of iron and calcium, which merits further investigation. Outdoor vegetation appeared diverse and healthy. The promising results here indicate a high potential for expanding L2L programs. Wider system adoption can diversify regional water supply in service areas where the residential sector accounts for significant water use.

Utilization of Fermented Coconut Epidermis Using Oncom Mushroom (Neurospora sitophila) on the Growth Performance of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fingerlings

This study aims to analyze the effect of feed based on coconut husk waste fermented Neurospora sitophila on the growth of red tilapia, and to determine the optimal dose of coconut husk waste. This research was carried out in May – June 2021, at the Aquaculture Laboratory Building IV, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Padjadjaran University Bandung, West Java45363 Indonesia. This study used a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications. Treatment A (Control), Treatment B (feed containing 25% coconut husk filler), treatment C (feed containing 50% coconut husk filler), and treatment D (feed containing 75% coconut husk filler). Parameters observed were Specific Growth Rate, Feed Conversion Ratio, Survival Rate, Feed characteristics and water quality (Temperature, pH, DO, Ammonia). The results showed that treatment C(feed containing 50% of coconut husk filler) gave significantly different results in the parameters of SGR and FCR, but not significantly different in survival rates. Water quality parameter values ​​are in good condition for the growth and survival of red tilapia. The highest SGR value in treatment C was 1.26%. The lowest FCR value was in treatment C of 1.90. The most optimal dose of fermented coconut husk for the growth of red tilapia is treatment C.

THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT REARING CONTAINERS COLORS ON THE COLOR BRIGHTNESS OF THE BARBIR FISH (Puntius conchonius)

This study aims to to determine the container color that is effective in increasing the brightness of the color of Barbir fish (Puntius conchonius). The research was carried out from June to August 2022 at the Aquatic Animal Physiology Laboratory of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Padjadjaran University. This study used a complete randomized block design (RAL) experimental method with five treatments and three replications. The treatment consisted of five treatments namely control A (colorless container), blue container (B), yellow (C), Green (D) and orange (E). The treatment is given for 60 days. Parameters observed include absolute length and weight growth, color brightness, survival rate and water quality (temperature, DO and pH). The results showed that the growth parameters with the highest value obtained in the orange background color treatment (treatment E, including the growth of absolute length of 0,27 ± 0,076 cm and the growth of absolute weight of 0,12 ± 0,014 g, as well as parameters of color brightness with an increase in color score in Toca color finder (TCF) reached 1.5 on the body; 1,8 on the serip chest; and 1,6 on the tail. The value of water quality parameters are in normal conditions (temperature ranges from 24,2-28oC; DO ranges from 5,8-8,5 mg/l; and pH ranges from 6,89-7,62) so that both the survival rate of Barbir fish that is equal to 100%.Keywords: Puntius conchonius, container, background color, color brightness level, Orange

THE APPLICATION OF YEAST AND LACTIC ACID BACTERIA IMPROVE GROWTH AND INTESTINAL STRUCTURE OF TIGER SHRIMP LARVAE Penaeus monodon Fab.

This study aims to investigate the effect of the different concentration of RABAL (yeast and lactic acid bacteria) probiotics on the survival, feed conversion, growth and intestinal cells changes of tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon Fab. larvae. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with 4 treatments and 4 replications. Tiger shrimp with average size of 0.02 g was randomly stocked in each container containing RABAL with concentration of 0 ppm (A/control), 75 ppm (B), 150 ppm (C), and 225 ppm (D) with frequency once a day for 30 days. Data were analysed using one way ANOVA. The result showed that the application of RABAL with different doses into the shrimp culture media significantly influences (P0.05) the growth and food conversion ratio of tiger shrimp feed but did not significantly affect (P 0.05) on the survival rate. The value of water quality parameters in this study were still at normal levels for tiger shrimp rearing. As conclusion, the application of probiotics RABAL with different concentrations have positive effect on the absolute weight, absolute length, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and intestinal villi surface area of tiger shrimp larvae, without adverse effect on the survival rate of tiger shrimp seed.

KEPADATAN MAKROZOOBENTOS DI PERAIRAN PEUNAGA RAYEUK, KECAMATAN MEUREUBO, KABUPATEN ACEH BARAT

Macrozoobenthos are aquatic organisms that live on the bottom and surface of the waters, and are influenced by bottom substrate and water quality. This study aimed at determining the density of macrozoobenthos in Peunaga Rayeuk Waters, Meureubo District, West Aceh Regency in terms of species composition, diversity, uniformity, and dominance. This research was conducted from May to June 2021 in the waters of Peunaga Rayeuk, Meureubo District, West Aceh Regency. Purposive random sampling was employed to collect the data in four stations. Based on the results of the study, 15 types of macrozoobenthos grouped into 3 classes were found, namely bivalves, gastropods and malokostraca. The macrozoobenthos density values at four stations ranged from 308.52 to 1357.49 ind/m2. The percentage value of macrozoobenthos composition by class showed that bivalves had the lowest percentage, as much as 13%, and the highest percentage was the gastropods, as much as 54%. The diversity index (H) ranged from 1.21 to 3.31 which was classified as medium to high category. The uniformity index (e) ranged from 0.81 to 0.92 and was classified as high category, while the Dominance Index (C) ranged from 0.21 to 0.54 and categorized as low to moderate category. The water quality parameter values was still in normal conditions and support the life of macrozoobenthos

Lake management under severe drought: Lake Mead, Nevada/Arizona

AbstractDrought can affect both the quantity and quality of water in lakes and reservoirs, yet larger, highly managed waterbodies, such as Lake Mead, may be somewhat buffered from drought effects. From 2000 to present, Lake Mead has experienced a 71% decline in volume; however, influent water quality has remained high and consistent outflow volumes through Hoover Dam have been maintained. Furthermore, management activities, such as increased removal of phosphorus by wastewater dischargers and legacy contamination cleanup efforts, have been initiated since the drought began. These efforts have led to small improvements in values of water quality parameters, such as phosphorus, nitrogen, and perchlorate, despite loss of volume for dilution of constituents, and consequently, decreased residence time. As the drought continues, Lake Mead is projected to continue declining in volume, inflows are projected to become warmer, and the population of Las Vegas is projected to grow, potentially adding additional stress to the hydrologic system. Maintenance of outflow may mitigate some potentially negative consequences, and understanding the drivers behind continued high water quality despite prolonged drought is important to continue to maintain the health and vitality of the entire Lower Colorado River Basin.

Effect of Addition of Soybean Oil, Coconut Oil and Corn Oil to Commercial Feed on the Growth of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

This study aims to determine the appropriate addition of vegetable oil to see the best growth of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) without reducing feed consumption. This study used a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications. Treatment A (Control), Treatment B (4% soybean oil), Treatment C (4% coconut oil), and Treatment D (4% corn oil). Parameters observed were Specific Growth Rate (SGR), and water quality (Temperature, pH and DO). The results showed that treatment B (4% soybean oil) gave significantly different results on the parameters of SGR, while treatments C and D increased the fat content of red tilapia compared to the control treatment. The water quality parameter values are in good condition for the growth and survival of Red Tilapia. The highest SGR value in treatment B was 1.51%, treatment D was 1.10%, treatment A was 1.07%, and treatment C was 0.89%.

Real-time assessment of the Ganga river during pandemic COVID-19 and predictive data modeling by machine learning.

In this study, four water quality parameters were reviewed at 14 stations of river Ganga in pre-, during and post-lockdown and these parameters were modeled by using different machine learning algorithms. Various mathematical models were used for the computation of water quality parameters in pre-, during and post- lockdown period by using Central Pollution Control Board real-time data. Lockdown resulted in the reduction of Biochemical Oxygen Demand ranging from 55 to 92% with increased concentration of dissolved oxygen at few stations. pH was in range of 6.5–8.5 of during lockdown. Total coliform count declined during lockdown period at some stations. The modeling of oxygen saturation deficit showed supremacy of Thomas Mueller model (R2 = 0.75) during lockdown over Streeter Phelps (R2 = 0.57). Polynomial regression and Newton’s Divided Difference model predicted possible values of water quality parameters till 30th June, 2020 and 07th August, 2020, respectively. It was found that predicted and real values were close to each other. Genetic algorithm was used to optimize hyperparameters of algorithms like Support Vector Regression and Radical Basis Function Neural Network, which were then employed for prediction of all examined water quality metrics. Computed values from ANN model were found close to the experimental ones (R2 = 1). Support Vector Regression-Genetic Algorithm Hybrid proved to be very effective for accurate prediction of pH, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Dissolved Oxygen and Total coliform count during lockdown.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13762-022-04423-1.

Effect of Use of Different Light Spectrum on Growth Performance and Color Brightness Level of Tiger Barb (Puntius tetrazona)

This study aims to evaluate the effect of light spectrum on growth performance and brightness level of tiger barb (Puntius tetrazona). The research was conducted in January – March 2022 at the Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Physiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Padjadjaran University. This study used an experimental method of Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and three replications. The treatment consisted of five treatments, namely control (without LED lights), white LED lights (B), red (C), green (D) and blue (E) lights with 12 hours of irradiation. The treatment was given for 60 days. Parameters observed included growth in length and absolute weight, color brightness level, survival rate and water quality (temperature, pH and DO). The results of the study for 60 days of maintenance showed that the best growth parameter was the red LED light treatment with an absolute length growth of 0.57 cm and an absolute weight growth of 0.49 g. The best color quality parameter for tiger barb (Puntius tetrazona) was obtained in the red LED light treatment with an increase in the color score in the Toca color finder (TCF) reaching 1.7 on the body; 2,3 on the pectoral fins; and 2.4 on the tail. The water quality parameter values are in normal conditions (temperature ranges from 27.3-27.9 ◦C; DO ranges from 4.2-5 mg/l; and pH ranges from 6.97-7.65;) so that it is good for the survival rate of tiger barb, namely 100%.

The Effect of Differences in the Addition of Astaxanthin and Several Sources of Natural ß-carotene in Increasing Color Intensity of Koi Fish (Cyprinus carpio L.)

This study aimed to examine the effect of differences in the addition of astaxanthin and several natural sources of ß-carotene taken from shrimp head flour and marigold flower flour on the color intensity of koi fish. The research was carried out from January 2022 to March 2022 at the Aquaculture Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Indonesia. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of four treatments and three replications. The treatments given are control (A), Astaxanthin 0.02% (B), Shrimp Head Flour 10% (C), and Marigold Flower Flour 1.5% (D). Feding of koi fish was carried out for 60 days. Parameters observed included color brightness observed using Toca Color Finder (TCF), survival rate, growth and water quality (temperature, DO, and pH). The results showed that each treatment gave a good effect in increasing the color of koi fish. The addition of astaxanthin 0.02% showed the highest value with an increase in color score of 2.2 on the head and 1.2 on the body. The highest survival rate was in the treatment of adding astaxanthin 0.02% and marigold flower flour 1.5% with a value of 100%. The highest fish growth value was in the addition of shrimp head flour 10% treatment with a weight growth value of 1.938 g and a length growth value of 0.852 cm. The water quality parameter values ​​(temperature: 27-30℃, DO 5.3-7.8 mg/L, and pH: 6.7-7.9) were in normal conditions.