Short-circuit Current Values Research Articles

Non-fused nonfullerene acceptors withasymmetric benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b', 6,5-b"]trithiophene (BTT) central donor core and different acceptor terminal units for organic solar cells.

Here in, we have designed two new unfused non-fullerene small molecules based on asymmetric benzo[1,2-b:3.4-b', 6,5-b"]trithiophene (BTT) central donor core and different terminal units, i.e. 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene)malononitrile (NFA-4) and 1,3-diethyl-2-thioxodi hydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione (NFA-5) and their optical and electrochemical properties were investigated. Employing a wide band-gap copolymer D18, the binary D18: NFA-4 and D18:NFA-5 bulk heterojunction-based organic solar cells realized an overall power conversion efficiency of about 17.07% and 11.27 %, respectively. The higher value of power conversion efficiency for the NFA-4-based organic solar cells, as compared to the NFA-5 counterpart, is attributed to the enhanced values of short circuit current, open circuit voltage, and fill factor. After the incorporation of NFA-5 into the binary bulk heterojunction D18:NFA-4, the ternary organic solar cells attained a power conversion efficiency of 18.05 %, which is higher than that for the binary counterparts and attributed to the increased values of short circuit current, fill factor, and open circuit voltage. The increased value of short circuit current is associated with the effective utilization of excitons through the energy transfer from the NFA-5 to NFA-4 as the NFA-4 exhibits a more significant dipole moment than the NFA-5 and is effectively dissociated into a free charge carrier.

Self-regulating heating and self-powered flexible fiber fabrics at low temperature

Self-regulating heating and self-powered flexibility are pivotal for future wearable devices. However, the low energy-conversion rate of wearable devices at low temperatures limits their application in plateaus and other environments. This study introduces an azopolymer with remarkable semicrystallinity and reversible photoinduced solid-liquid transition ability that is obtained through copolymerization of azobenzene (Azo) monomers and styrene. A composite of one such copolymer with an Azo: styrene molar ratio of 9:1 (copolymer is denoted as PAzo9:1-co-polystyrene (PS)) and nylon fabrics (NFs) is prepared (composite is denoted as PAzo9:1-co-PS@NF). PAzo9:1-co-PS@NF exhibits hydrophobicity and high wear resistance. Moreover, it shows good responsiveness (0.624 s−1) during isomerization under solid ultraviolet (UV) light (365 nm) with an energy density of 70.6 kJ kg−1. In addition, the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current and quantity values of PAzo9:1-co-PS@NF exhibit small variations in a temperature range of -20 °C to 25 °C and remain at 170 V, 5 μA, and 62 nC, respectively. Notably, the involved NFs were cut and sewn into gloves to be worn on a human hand model. When the model was exposed to both UV radiation and friction, the temperature of the finger coated with PAzo9:1-co-PS was approximately 6.0°C higher than that of the other parts. Therefore, developing triboelectric nanogenerators based on the in situ photothermal cycles of Azo in wearable devices is important to develop low-temperature self-regulating heating and self-powered flexible devices for extreme environments.

The Evaluation of Over Current Relay and Ground Fault Relay Settings on Power Transformers

Power transformer is an important component of the substation and has an important role in the electric power distribution system. During operation the power transformer can’t be isolated from distribution system when abnormal conditions or faults occur. A fault in the power transformer will have huge impact on the power transformer itself. The substation has an installed capacity of 60 MVA of power transformers, and during operation there is a possibility of relay failure, which may interrupt the power distribution process to the load. To avoid this failure, it is necessary to analyse the settings of Over Current Relay (OCR) and Ground Fault Relay (GFR) on the 60 MVA transformers. The analysis was carried out by simulating short circuit faults of the electrical system in the ETAP software application, and then configure the setting of the relay by referring to the magnitude of the short circuit current value for phase to phase and phase to ground. The results of this analysis are used as a reference to determine the OCR and GFR relay values in the power transformer. The results obtained show that the recommended value for OCR setting on 150 kV power transformers is 0.92 second while for GFR is 0.96 second, and for the 20 KVA power transformers the OCR and GFR setting values are 0.40 and 0.20 seconds respectively. Comparison based on the results of the setup data and the analysis data has carried out, there is difference in the working time of the relay, with a difference of 5%, where the value of the analysis results is not much different from the conditions in the field.

Synergistic effects of coordinated metals and fluoridation in metal-covalent organic framework for efficient triboelectric nanogenerator

Improving the performance of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) depends on the development of new and effective friction electrode materials. Metal-covalent organic frameworks (MCOFs) are promising functional materials with applications in various fields owing to their structural diversity and tunability; howerver, the use of MCOFs in the preparation of TENG devices has not yet been investigated. In this study, a MCOF (Cu-COF) was designed and constructed via the post-metalation method by introducing transition metal ions through the delicate chelating structure of a CF3 substituted covalent organic framework (CF3-COF) for the first time. The constructed Cu-COF exhibited higher triboelectric nanogenerator output performance, with a peak value of short circuit current of 104.0 µA and an output voltage of 1107 V, which are 1.47 and 1.39 times those of CF3-COF, respectively. This can be attributed to the excellent charge density, improved conductivity and narrow band gap of Cu-COF. In addition, the Cu-COF-based TENG exhibits excellent stability and power density, and is capable of lighting 1440 commercial green LEDs. This study also suggests that the strategy for engineering metalation coordination environments on the skeletons of COFs could provide a novel method to fabricate TENG devices with MCOFs.

Enhancing bio-photovoltaic cell efficiency: A study in transport property

Recently, bio-solar cells have garnered significant attention owing to their relatively high efficiency and cost-effectiveness, positioning them as alternative devices for solar energy harvesting. This study delves into the optical and electrical transport characteristics of a novel bilayer bio-solar cell using the total system transfer matrix method, theoretically. These bilayer bio-solar cells consist of two distinct layers of Chlorophyll-a and Chlorophyll-b, forming a heterojunction in the bio-solar cell architecture. Within these solar cells, photon absorption by the active layers of chlorophyll generates excitons and quasi-particles (bound electron and hole pairs), which subsequently diffuse through the collecting layer, resulting in significant recombination losses. The influence of the thickness of chlorophyll adsorbent active layers on the short circuit current density and quantum efficiency is examined through numerical calculations. Furthermore, we develop models for the solar cell parameters of thin film heterojunction photovoltaic devices based on Chlorophyll-a/Chlorophyll-b. The results indicate efficient short circuit current and quantum efficiency values (or power conversion efficiency) of 72 A/m2 and 3.30 %, respectively. It is demonstrated that optimizing the thickness of bio-solar cells based on these findings may enhance electron transport, leading to higher photocurrents and improved overall efficiency. These simulation outcomes pave the way for optimizing the thickness of bio-solar cells and advancing towards higher efficiencies.

Performance test of Zn-astaxanthin complex-sensitized solar cell: effect of light intensity on open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current values.

The sensitizer is one of the most essential dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) components. In the present research, a Zn-astaxanthin complex was investigated as a sensitizer, compared to pure astaxanthin. The complex with a 1:1 mole ratio between astaxanthin and Zn2+ was synthesized in a reflux reactor at 37-60 °C. The product was analyzed using Proton Nuclear Resonance (1H-NMR), which indicates the presence of chelate formation between Zn2+ with two atoms of oxygen on the terminal cyclohexane ring of astaxanthin. The interaction of sensitizers (astaxanthin and Zn-astaxanthin) on the photoelectrode surface in this study was analyzed using a Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) and Ultraviolet-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS). The FTIR spectra of photoelectrode immersed in Zn-astaxanthin show peaks of C=O stretching and vibration -OH group at 1730 and 1273 cm-1, respectively, and H-C-H stretching vibration with high intensity in 2939, 2923, and 2853 cm-1. The UV-Vis DRS analysis shows the band gap of photoelectrode (PE), photoelectrode immersed in astaxanthin (PE/astaxanthin), and Zn-astaxanthin (PE/Zn-astaxanthin) are 3.19, 1.65, and 1.59 eV, respectively. Under illumination intensity of 300 W/m2, the maximum energy conversion efficiency of DSSC with Zn-astaxanthin as sensitizer is (0.03 ± 0.0022)%, higher than DSSC with astaxanthin as sensitizer ((0.12 ± 0.0052)%). Up to 70 h of illumination, DSSC with Zn-astaxanthin as a sensitizer also has better stability than astaxanthin-based DSSC.

Active cooling of a photovoltaic module in hot-ambient temperatures: theory versus experiment

Abstract The performance improvement of a PV-module is investigated theoretically and experimentally in a long-term research-plan via module cooling by different approaches including passive, active, and evaporative cooling as well as water cooling for the same module. In the present paper, the investigation is conducted to decide on the suitability of active-cooling of the module in hot-ambient temperatures. A module without cooling is used as a base case for comparison against cooled modules with and without fins attached to the module’s rear-surface and extended down in an air-cooling duct underneath the module. At first, a theoretical study of heat transfer through the module is conducted to investigate how the calculated cell temperature and module output power are influenced by the air velocity from a blower, ambient temperature and solar irradiation. The results showed a decrease of cell temperature by about 7–10 °C with a subsequent increase of electrical efficiency. The cell temperature decreases significantly with the increase of duct height and with the increase of the number and length of fins, the same as in passive cooling. The cell temperature decreases by more than 3 °C at duct height of 0.2 m. The calculated values of cell temperature, open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of the module with and without active cooling agreed reasonably with the present measured values over the day hours of two successive days in summer season. At air velocity of 1.5 m/s, the increase of electrical efficiency by active cooling was found 0.67–0.80 %. Further increase of air-flow velocity or duct-height in active cooling seeking higher efficiency is not recommended due to increase of consumed electric power by air-blower and limited decrease of cell temperature. This concludes that air cooling is not effective in regions of hot ambient temperatures. For a non-cooled module, the cell temperature is related to the ambient temperature in terms of the solar radiation and NOCT, the datasheet value of normal-operating-cell-temperature. The relationship is modified in the present paper to account for air-flow through the duct seeking its extension for application to air-cooled modules.

Tuning of ion current rectification and ion current saturation of multiple nanochannels in polymeric membrane

The present study gives an insight into ion flow dynamics of aqueous electrolytes via functionalized multiple nanochannels in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) membrane. The selectivity of certain ions (anions/cations) of various electrolyte combinations KCl- KClO4 (S1), KBr-KCl (S2), KBr-KClO4 (S3) over their counter-ions by the nanochannels (generated via swift heavy ion irradiation followed by chemical etching) has been studied. Tuning of the ion transport and ion current rectification has been done using different functionalized nanochannels (with charged carboxyl and protonated amino groups). The impact of ion selectivity of the nanochannels is reflected in the short circuit current and ion current saturation of different systems. The collection of counter ions outside the channels along with the in-built potential due to the flow of ions inside the channels play a crucial role in the ion transport behaviour of the collective system. The cation-selective channels (with charged carboxyl groups) show low rectification ratio compared to the anion-selective channels. The functionalized nanochannels with two -OH polar charge groups (generated through the amino-silane based reagent (3-aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane (APTMS)) exhibit higher current saturation values (S1AP∼31 μA, S2AP∼30 μA and S3AP ∼ 30.5 μA) and higher short circuit current values (S1AP ∼32.3μA, S2AP ∼ 29.6μA and S3AP ∼31.3μA) due to the overlapping of electric double layer (EDL). Systematic study of tuning of ion transport through nanochannels helps to understand the nanofluidic flow and has imminent application in the fabrication of nanoelectronic and bioinspired nanodevices.

Calculated Values of Three-phase Short-circuit Currents in the Power Supply System of the Synchronous Generator Excitation System

In this article, the calculated values of three-phase short-circuit currents in the power supply system of the excitation system of the STS type are considered-2100-250-2,5 UHL4 synchronous generator type SV-1130-220-44- UHL4.

Improvement of Laser-Induced Damage on High-Efficiency Solar Cells via Top-Hat Beam Ablation

An important challenge in industrial laser ablation is laser-induced damage. In this study, reduced damage was achieved through the transition of the laser distribution from a Gaussian beam to a top-hat beam using diffractive optical elements (DOE), which overcome inhomogeneous irradiation. The higher peak fluence of a Gaussian beam far exceeded the ablation threshold and led to severely melted silicon at a higher depth covering the polished texture. The top-hat beam, with uniform irradiation, had a superior ablation characteristic and created a uniform square opening with the shallow melted silicon in the lift-off process. Thus, its effective minor carrier lifetime was 15.35% less at an ablated area fraction of 2% after re-passivation because of the decreased damage. After optimizing the ablation pattern with a top-hat beam, the local contacts improved the average open-circuit voltage (Voc) and short-circuit current (Isc) values of the cells due to the decreased damage and the uniform openings, but the damage induced by a Gaussian beam was too deep and can be partly restored under back surface field (BSF) formation. The overall increment in Isc and Voc enhanced the average efficiency by 0.05% of the absolute value for the PERC cells and 0.03% of the absolute value for bi-facial PERC cells.

Utilizing the lignocellulosic fibers from Pineapple Crown Leaves extract for enhancing TiO2 interfacial bonding in dye-sensitized solar cell photoanodes

AbstractThe crown leaves of pineapple possess a wealth of smooth and glossy silk medium-length fibers, primarily composed of cellulose and lignin, accompanied by constituents such as fats, waxes, pectin, uronic acid, anhydride, pentosan, color pigments, and inorganic substances. These fibers exhibit an anisotropic nature and are characterized by hydrogen bonding interactions, rendering them effective in conjunction with semiconductor oxide (TiO2) through their cellulosic fibrils. The dye extracted from Pineapple Crown Leaves (PCL) using ethanol was subjected to FTIR and UV–visible spectroscopy. The FTIR analysis revealed absorption peaks at 3268 cm−1 and 2922 cm−1, confirming the presence of –OH and –CH stretching attributed to the fibrils within the dye. UV–visible spectroscopy further demonstrated absorption within the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Additionally, a photoluminescence study of the dye showcased emission within the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Subsequently, a solar cell incorporating this dye underwent JV characterization, yielding an efficiency of 1.0034%, along with fill factor, open-circuit voltage, and short-circuit current density values of 0.40644, 0.7058 V, and 3.4906 mA/cm2, respectively. To gain deeper insights and facilitate optimization for large-scale installations, a simulation model utilizing PC1D was proposed to explore the influential parameters of the Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC).

Models for Fault Current Limiters based on Superconductor Materials

The present paper introduces the main electric applications of superconducting materials, focusing on Superconducting Fault Current Limiters (SFCL). In recent years, short-circuit current values have increased, mainly due to a higher penetration of distributed generation. Fault Current Limiters (FCL) based on superconductor materials can provide one of the most promising solutions for limiting those fault currents. Nowadays, research focuses mainly on resistive SFCLs, because of size, cost and product maturity. Several modelling approaches for resistive type current limiters, as proposed in the literature, are reviewed hereby.

New design and optimization of half-tandem quantum dot solar cell: Over 30% power conversion efficiency using nanostructure oriented core-shell

We achieve 30.64% power conversion efficiency (PCE) by comprehensive design and optimization of half-tandem quantum dot (QD) solar cell using nanostructure-oriented core-shell to improve open circuit voltage (Voc) in QD solar cell (QDSC) for first time. In this study, we have used coupling of optical and electrical equations to calculate solar cell parameters. The aim of this study was to optimize the reference structure including PbS quantum dots (PbS-QDs) treated with tetrabutylammonium iodide (PbS-TBAI), Magnesium Zinc Oxide (MgZnO) and PbS ethanedithiol (PbS-EDT) for active layer (AL), electron transport layer (ETL) and hole transport layer (HTL) respectively. At first, the structure was enhanced into half-tandem solar cell by adding Molybdenum Ditelluride (MoTe2) as the second absorber layer to cover the infrared region. Furthermore, the structure was optimized in four steps: (i) adding a Spiro-OMeTAD layer to reduce the series resistance (Rs) and prevent electrons from entering aluminum metal contact, (ii) adding a core-shell (CFTS – SnS) nanostructure, (iii) optimizing ETL, and (iv) investigating the effect of core-shell nanostructure angle. As a final result, the values of short circuit current (Jsc), Voc, PCE, fill factor (FF) and series resistance were obtained 25.25 mA/cm2, 1.49 V, 30.64 %, 0.78 and 2.8 Ω/cm2, respectively.

Distribution network adaptive protection system based on artificial intelligence

Abstract With the continuous development of society, the requirements of enterprises and the public for the reliability of the power system are also improving, and the fault identification and protection action of the distribution network is conducive to the comprehensive analysis and overhaul of the line, which is of great significance. In this paper, a short-circuit fault identification method for distribution networks based on artificial intelligence technology is proposed to categorize and predict power system faults using an association rule algorithm. Then, a distribution network adaptive protection strategy based on the equivalent impedance of the distributed energy system is proposed, which real-time adjusts the setting value and criterion of the protection through the distribution network containing distributed energy devices connected to the grid and adjusts the working status in normal operation, realizing that the current protection of the distribution network adapts itself to the change of the working conditions of the distribution network system of IIDG. Simulation results show that when two-phase grounding and three-phase short-circuit faults occur in the distribution network under the protection of the adaptive system. The protection circuits start instantaneously in 0.005s, which realizes the functions of the fast startup, self-sustained operation, and controllable shutdown when faults occur in the distribution network. Meanwhile, the feasibility of the scheme is verified by utilizing the system to output short-circuit faults in the case of IIDG grid-connected or off-grid when the respective integrating values are greater than the positive sequence short-circuit current values.

Investigation of the piezoelectric performance of P(VDF-TrFE)/SnO2NPs/GR composite film fabricated via electrospinning

ABSTRACT This paper introduces an innovative sandwich-structured piezoelectric nanogenerator film. In contrast to conventional piezoelectric generators, it exhibits enhanced flexibility and generates higher voltage. It can function as a self-sustaining power source for wearable sensors. To augment the film’s β-phase content, consequently boosting the nanogenerator’s voltage output, the nanofilm was manufactured through high-voltage electrospinning in poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)), incorporating stannic oxide nanoparticles (SnO2NPS) and graphene (GR).The relationship between the surface morphology, β-phase content, and voltage output performance of composite piezoelectric films with distinct compositions was comprehensively assessed and scrutinized utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, and vibration platforms. The findings reveal that the composition of 12% P(VDF-TrFE) + 5% SnO2NPS + 0.1% GR yields the finest fiber alignment, the highest β-phase content, as well as peak open-circuit voltage and short-circuit peak current values of 22.43 V and 12.95 μA, respectively. This signifies a 1.5-fold and 1.3-fold improvement compared to the film containing only SnO2NPS, and a 2.43-fold and 1.92-fold enhancement relative to the pure P(VDF-TrFE) film. Consequently, it achieves a maximum instantaneous output power of 64.578 μW. Securing the nanogenerator with the aforementioned composition to the sole of a shoe and running for 21 minutes can charge the capacitor to 4 V, thereby empowering it to operate commercial liquid crystal thermometers or approximately 80 LED lights for approximately 1.6 seconds. This technology possesses substantial significance within the realm of self-sustaining low-power electronic devices.

Organic heterostructures based on thermal evaporated phthalocyanine and porphyrin as mixed (ZnPc:TPyP) or stacked (ZnPc/TPyP) films

A metallic phthalocyanine (zinc phthalocyanine - ZnPc) and a non-metallic porphyrin (10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl)21H,23H-porphyne -TPyP) were used to deposit mixed and stacked organic thin films by vacuum thermal evaporation method. The obtained layers were analyzed in a comparative manner from optical, structural, morphological and electrical point of view. The ultraviolet-visible spectra of the deposited layers showed that both organic components have absorption bands in the visible part of the solar spectrum, which means that the acceptor TPyP also contributes to absorption together with the donor. The photoluminescence spectra revealed only the emission bands associated to the porphyrin, especially in the single and stacked layers, while a quenching effect of the photoluminescence was noted in the mixed ones. The X-ray diffraction showed that the prepared layers are in general amorphous. The constituent materials in the single layers and the ratio between the two organic components in the mixed layers affect the morphology of the deposited films as was emphasized by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy analysis. The current density-voltage characteristics plotted under illumination revealed that the highest short-circuit current value was achieved in the case of the structure based on the layer showing the lowest roughness and thickness emphasizing the significant role played by these parameters of the layers considered for possible applications in the optoelectronic device area.

Metal-TPP (5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin) complex compounds as dye sensitizer in dye sensitized solar cells

The excessive exploitation of fossil fuels requires humans to look for alternative renewable energy sources that are environmentally friendly such as DSSC. DSSC is a solar cell technology that can convert photon energy in sunlight into electrical energy. This research aims to study the performance of complex compounds synthesized from tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) ligands with metal ions Cr(III), Mn(II) and Fe(III) and applied as dye sensitizers in Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC). Metal-TPP complexes have been successfully synthesized using the Adler method. The formation of metal-TPP complex compound is indicated by the characterization result using UV–Vis spectrophotometer, FTIR, conductometer test and the observed MLCT phenomenon. In a dye sensitizer application, the performance of the Cr(III)-TPP complex compound shows a short circuit current density value (Jsc) of 8.0 mA/cm2 with an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.62 V and an efficiency value (ƞ) of 9.13 %. The Mn(II)-TPP complex compound shows that the short circuit current density value (Jsc) of 8.0 mA/cm2 with an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.64 V and an efficiency value (ƞ) of 9.16 %. The Fe(III)-TPP complex compound shows that the short circuit current density value (Jsc) of 8.0 mA/cm2 with an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.64 V and an efficiency value (ƞ) of 9.36 %.

Effect of Magnetic Shunts on Shell-Type Transformers Characteristics

A three-dimensional analysis of the leakage magnetic field in a transformer with beveled edges in a magnetic shunt is described. This paper contains a mathematical description of the finite element method used in performing numerical calculations. Formulas allowing to determine the differential and integral parameters of the magnetic field were presented. Magnetic flux density distributions and the points with high values were determined in the shell-type core and movable shunt sub-areas. For different positions of the magnetic shunt, the short-circuit transformer reactance was calculated as the integral parameter of the above-mentioned magnetic field analysis. Their amounts for the extreme positions of the shunt were given, as well. The movable magnetic shunt geometry impact on the short-circuit current value is given. In order to validate the calculation results, the research included some point measurements of magnetic flux density vectors and the winding reactances as well, and good compliance with the simulation data has been obtained. Thus, this analysis can also be applied to other objects with movable shunts in their magnetic systems.

Hydrovoltaic Effect Coupling with Capacitor Amplification: A Mode for Sensitive Self-Powered Electrochemical Sensing.

Self-powered electrochemical sensors, which can function without external electricity, are incredibly valuable in the realm of sensing. However, most of the present testing methods are normally confined to high environmental requirements, restricted lighting conditions, and temperature differences. Herein, an innovative self-powered electrochemical sensor was successfully developed based on hydrovoltaic effect coupling with capacitor amplification. Due to the combined merits from the two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXene)-polyaniline (PANI) with high surface potential and good hydrophilicity, and the capacitor amplification strategy, the device could harvest electric energy from water evaporation and displayed a high short circuit current value. Under optimal conditions, the proposed self-powered electrochemical sensor presented excellent sensitivity and high specificity for enrofloxacin (ENR) detection in the concentration range from 1 fM to 1 nM with a detection limit of 0.585 fM. Such a proposed sensor also has the advantages of environmental friendliness and ease of use, which is an ideal choice for accurately and precisely detecting ENR in real samples. The mode of such electrochemical detection outlined in this technical note implements a breakthrough in designing self-powered electrochemical sensors, providing a rational basis for development of a diversified sensing platform.

Exploratory study of betavoltaic nuclear battery using AlN P[sbnd]N junction

In most of the betavoltaic nuclear batteries, wide band semiconductors such as GaN and SiC have been used as an energy converter. But, the growth of these semiconductors are relatively expensive. In the present work, a new study was conducted on betavoltaic nuclear batteries. In this study, AlN betavoltaic nuclear battery driven by an 90Sr + 90Y radioisotope source was investigated. AlN is wide band semiconductor and economically viable. Then, by Monte Carlo simulation the effects of factors such as type of electrode, dimensions, thickness, and geometric model of PN junction on the battery efficiency were investigated. Finally, it was found that the cubical model has the highest amount of short circuit current, open circuit voltage, and battery efficiency. The value of short circuit current, open circuit voltage, and battery efficiency in this model are 406.05 nA, 5.43 V, and 5.16 %, respectively. In order to compare the efficiency of AlN betavoltaic nuclear battery with the efficiency of GaN and SiC betavoltaic nuclear batteries, first the optimal dimensions were investigated for each of GaN and SiC betavoltaic nuclear batteries and then based on the optimal dimensions obtained for GaN and SiC, the cubical model was investigated for them. The results of the simulations show that, the efficiency of AlN betavoltaic nuclear battery is 24 % more than GaN betavoltaic nuclear battery efficiency and 975 % more than SiC betavoltaic nuclear battery efficiency. Also, the efficiency of the AlN betavoltaic nuclear battery (simulated in this work) is about 130 % more than the efficiency of the GaN betavoltaic nuclear battery calculated by others.