Morality Research Articles

Law and Black Agency in Memories of Abolition: Human Rights and Slavery Films

ABSTRACT Abolitionism holds a privileged place in human rights historiography. In scholarship and the wider social world, the abolition of slavery has frequently been celebrated as a foundational human rights moment. This celebratory discourse has also impinged on the medium of cinema: slavery films frequently propagate the view that abolition was a “gift” codified in law. In this reductionist discourse, law is configured as the guarantor of freedom and Black resistance to slavery is marginalised. By this strategy, the history of slavery is transfigured into a platform for the celebration of white moral indignation via attention to a canonised set of white patriarchs conceived of as philanthropic, moral crusaders, who are recognisably the forerunners of today’s white saviour “human rights heroes”. However, as we know, Black agency was also a decisive force in bringing Atlantic slavery to an end – most spectacularly in Haiti. Gillo Pontecorvo’s undervalued 1969 film Burn! offers an ideological critique of abolitionism and holds untapped potential for the radicalisation of human rights discourse today. Refusing the debilitating narrative that abolition was a legally encoded humanitarian gift, Burn! insists upon Black agency as a central historical force in the story of an as yet incomplete struggle for liberation.

Membangun Manajemen Pendidikan Islam yang Adaptif: Integrasi Nilai Moral dalam Pembentukan Karakter Siswa

This study analyzes the gap between academic achievement and moral character development in Islamic education, focusing on the integration of life values as the foundation for developing theories and practices in Islamic education management. The research employed a library research method, utilizing data sources such as journal articles, books, and relevant research reports. Data collection techniques involved selecting literature based on topic relevance, source credibility, and validity. Data analysis was conducted using analytical and synthetic methods to identify patterns, concepts, and research gaps. The findings reveal significant challenges in Islamic education, including insufficient teacher training, limited value-based curricula, and the impact of globalization and social media, which have contributed to a decline in students' moral values. Although value-based approaches have proven conceptually effective in building students' character, practical implementation continues to face systemic barriers. This study emphasizes the importance of curriculum reform and the development of value-based educational management models that are adaptive to modern needs while maintaining Islamic identity. It provides a robust conceptual foundation for further comprehensive research to create relevant, holistic, and morally-oriented Islamic education systems

Emotional assertiveness: China's coercive diplomacy against non-state actors

Abstract While the economic, political and military instruments of China's coercive diplomacy have been intensely studied in recent years, its emotional dimension has largely been overlooked. This article investigates China's ‘emotional assertiveness’ as a distinct discursive practice of coercion in which state representatives publicly express moral indignation and urge offenders to apologise for violating China's red lines. It examines several western non-state actors targeted by China in this way, as these unexplored cases provide a unique perspective on the role played by emotions in state coercive diplomacy. Specifically, they demonstrate how identity-related emotionalized concerns, rather than instrumental and strategic considerations, may sometimes constitute the underlying motivational driver of China's assertiveness. Apart from carving out new space for a non-rationalist approach to coercive diplomacy within the International Relations discipline, the article develops the key components of China's emotional assertiveness, arguing that it is fuelled by moral indignation, rather than anger; is triggered by a perceived wrong; is nurtured by identity-related concerns; and is manifested in repeated demands for repentance. To illustrate China's practice of emotional assertiveness, the article analyses two specific cases: Intel's instruction in 2021 to its suppliers to avoid products from Xinjiang and an opinion piece that appeared in the Wall Street Journal in early 2020, titled ‘China is the real sick man of Asia’.

The Relevance of the Kuttab Learning Model in Building a Generation of Noble Character

This study aims to explore the effectiveness of the Kuttab-based learning model in shaping students' character and academic performance, as well as identify challenges and opportunities for its implementation in modern education. The method used is a literature review by collecting data from books, articles, and other relevant sources. The collected data were grouped into key themes, such as the history of Kuttab, principles of religion-based education, and the challenges and advantages of this model. Analysis was conducted to identify relevant patterns and synthesize information to support the research objectives. The results show that Kuttab education is vital in integrating religious knowledge and science, creating intellectual and spiritual balance. This model effectively shapes a generation that is intelligent and morally upright. Despite challenges like limited infrastructure and globalization, Kuttab holds significant potential for character education. The use of technology and the integration of religious curriculum with general sciences offer opportunities for developing a morally and intellectually excellent generation. Thus, Kuttab-based education can serve as a modern solution emphasizing the balance between moral values and knowledge. Keywords: Kuttab Education, integration of religion and science, character development, educational challenges, technology in education.

The Use of Humanitarian Technologies for the Shaping of Public Consciousness in the Foreign Practice

The article presents the results of evaluating of using humanitarian technologies to shape public opinion using Western countries as an example. It is concluded that Western countries today are aimed at maintaining technical and economic leadership, which requires the formation of a type of public consciousness corresponding to this goal through the active use of modern technologies. As a result, the public consciousness of the population of Western countries is changing, digital television and the Internet have become a tool of enslavement, people are experiencing information overload and psychological shock due to rapid changes. Technologies of economic warfare are used as tools for influencing public consciousness, actively replenished with high humanitarian technologies, including cognitive distortions of consciousness and information technologies of influence affecting elements of worldview, consciousness and subconsciousness. Further advanced development of Western civilization seems doubtful due to the prevalence of deformation of moral and family values, egoism and satiety with comfort in the mass consciousness of the population of Western civilization.

Failing to express emotion on 911 calls triggers suspicion through violating expectations and moral typecasting.

Coming to suspect that someone has engaged in wrongdoing based on their unexpected behavior is a common phenomenon-yet, little is known about what triggers initial suspicion. We investigated how violating expectations for high emotionality during a traumatic event can trigger suspicion that one has engaged in immoral-or even criminal-activity through moral typecasting. Five studies demonstrate this theory in a criminal context with dire real-world consequences: 911 callers reporting violent crimes generating suspicion by exhibiting unexpected behavior, which could trigger confirmation bias in investigations leading to wrongful convictions. Using both real and tightly controlled simulated 911 calls, we demonstrated that failing to express the expected level of emotion on a 911 call reporting a violent crime led laypeople and police to morally typecast the caller as more of a moral agent capable of perpetrating immoral acts and less of a moral patient capable of being the victim of immoral acts-ultimately increasing suspicion that they were involved in the crime and support for treating them as a suspect. We advance moral psychological theory by demonstrating that failing to express expected levels of emotion about a moral violation can shape moral inferences about someone's capacity to commit versus be the victim of moral wrongs, thereby generating suspicion that they might have engaged in wrongdoing. We demonstrated this theory in criminal settings to explain how one tragedy can become two: altruistic witnesses calling 911 to plead for help on behalf of another person becoming suspects of the crime they reported because they failed to exhibit the expected emotional demeanor. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

KAJIAN LITERATUR: PERAN ETIKA BISNIS TERHADAP KEPUASAN KONSUMEN

This study uses a literature review method with data sources taken from scientific journals to gain a deeper understanding of the role of business ethics in consumer satisfaction. This study aims to examine the role of business ethics on consumer satisfaction through a review of relevant literature. Business ethics include moral principles applied in company activities such as fairness, honesty, responsibility and transparency. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of good business ethics can increase consumer trust, loyalty and create a positive perception of the company. In addition, consistent implementation of business ethics has the potential to reduce conflict with consumers and improve the company's reputation in the market. Literature analysis indicates a positive relationship between business ethics and consumer satisfaction; consumers tend to feel more satisfied when companies demonstrate a commitment to ethical values ​​in their business practices. This study provides valuable insights for companies to strengthen sustainable business strategies based on ethical values, with the aim of improving consumer experience and competitiveness in the market.

The Role of Cambridge Curriculum in Shaping Academic Achievement in Sekolah Putri Darul Istiqamah

Education plays a pivotal role in shaping the intellectual, emotional, and social development of students. In the era of globalization, where critical thinking, problem-solving, and communication skills are highly valued, curriculum selection significantly influences academic performance. This study investigates the impact of the Cambridge curriculum on students' academic achievement at Sekolah Putri Darul Istiqamah, a school committed to nurturing excellence among young women by combining high-quality education with Islamic values. The Cambridge curriculum, developed by Cambridge Assessment International Education, is recognized globally for its rigorous academic standards, emphasis on analytical thinking, and holistic approach to education. At Sekolah Putri Darul Istiqamah, its implementation has enhanced academic performance, developed essential skills, and aligned seamlessly with the institution’s mission of integrating global academic excellence with Islamic teachings. This study employs qualitative descriptive-exploratory methods, including interviews, focus group discussions, and classroom observations, to analyze the curriculum’s effectiveness. The findings highlight significant improvements in students’ academic performance, critical thinking, and communication skills while ensuring alignment with moral and cultural values. Challenges such as resource allocation and initial adaptation were also identified but were mitigated through collaborative efforts. The study concludes that the Cambridge curriculum provides a balanced approach, enabling students to achieve global competency while staying connected to their cultural and religious identity.

Tradisi Mudik dan Halal Bihalal dalam Pandangan Islam

Homecoming (Mudik) and Halal Bihalal are significant traditions in Indonesian society, especially during Eid al-Fitr, reflecting social, cultural, and religious values. Mudik, the journey back to one’s hometown, is not only a moment for family reunions but also a symbol of respect for parents and the strengthening of intergenerational bonds. Meanwhile, Halal Bihalal plays a crucial role in maintaining and strengthening social ties through Islamic values such as mutual forgiveness, reinforcing brotherhood, and fostering harmony, even promoting interfaith tolerance. These traditions embody positive values such as mutual cooperation (gotong royong), empathy, and tolerance while serving as a medium for preserving local culture and reinforcing national identity. By integrating moral, spiritual, and communal values, the traditions of Mudik and Halal Bihalal symbolize harmony and strengthen human relationships in a diverse society.

Gender Dimensions of Aguu (Socially Excluded Youth) in Gulu City, Northern Uganda

The African social philosophical sense of ‘Ubuntu’ (‘I am because we are’) and the notion ‘it takes a whole village to raise a child’ is at crossroads in the post-conflict Acholi sub-region in Northern Uganda. Society has relegated its social responsibility and moral values to bringing up children. This study fostered a gender-responsive approach to addressing the Aguu phenomenon in Gulu City. The term ‘Aguu’ does not have an accepted single definition. However, it is used to refer to a group of children and persons between the ages of 6 to 35 years who consider the street as their home and family. This makes the concept of ‘family and home’ fluid and temporal. Whereas society considers them a source of insecurity, this study views them as a ‘floating population’ who have been pulled or pushed into the streets by social, economic, and political factors. The study employed a qualitative and ethnohistorical approach, involving individual interviews, focus group discussions, participant observations, archival work, and literature review. The study perceived the Aguu as a distinct social network with a unique agency, identity and culture. The street affects the genders differently. Gender-specific vulnerabilities were evident, perpetuating their social marginalisation and exclusion. Understanding the gender dynamic and dimensions of the Aguu phenomenon is essential for crafting sustainable solutions and interventions. These interventions must be gender-responsive, addressing the unique vulnerabilities and experiences of male and female Aguu members.

Penanaman Nilai-nilai Akhlakul Karimah Siswa di MI Muhammadiyah Al Akbar Pandeyan (Studi Analisis Aksiologi Filsafat Islam)

This research uses a descriptive qualitative research approach. The aim of this research is to determine the implementation of students' moral values ​​at MIM Al Akbar Pandeyan. Data collection was carried out by observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis and processing is taken when the researcher is in the field and after collecting data from the field. For data analysis, researchers collect data (display data) then reduce the data, present the data and then draw conclusions. From the research results, it can be concluded that the implementation of students' moral values ​​at MIM Al Akbar Pandeyan is good. After efforts to instill good morals in students, the children's attitudes have begun to change. Students begin to respect the teacher, are disciplined, honest and care about their friends. Instilling morals in students is carried out by being a role model, providing advice, habituation, and providing a deterrent effect. The factors that influence the implementation of student morals are divided into 2 supporting factors, namely IMTAQ habits which are carried out every day and cooperation between fellow teachers in developing students' morals. The inhibiting factors are students' lack of awareness of good morals, lack of attention from parents, and the community environment, especially the social environment. The solutions used by teachers to overcome obstacles in implementing students' moral values ​​include providing advice, actively maintaining good relationships with students' parents/guardians and teachers always collaborating with other teachers.

Education as a Moral Compass: Ethical Lessons from Mr. Chips’ Life and Career

This study investigates the role of education as a moral compass through the “Model lessons” proposed by the novel, “Goodbye, Mr. Chips”. This paper exemplifies Mr. Chips as ‘Educator’ who, as a teacher and even a human being, embodies the values of fairness, empathy, inclusiveness, emotional intelligence. The qualitative research approach in this paper explores the ethical implications of Mr. Chips’ pedagogical approach and its relevance to our present educational context. The findings illustrate that his comprehensive framework; which balances an academic curriculum with a focus on cultivating moral and emotional wisdom, continues to provide relevant guidance for today’s pressing educational issues, including diversity, equality and student well-being. Mr. Chips’ warm, inclusive, and emotionally intelligent style of teaching continues to be relevant today, as students of all backgrounds are drawn to his example of creating a supportive, ethical classroom environment when they encounter diverse classrooms filled with students who come from different backgrounds. This research teaches us how the ideas of emotional intelligence, ethical leadership, and character education can be put into practice. However, the overall findings indicate that Mr. Chips’ pedagogical and moral legacy provides valuable lessons for educators on how to cultivate well-rounded, empathetic, and socially responsible individuals.

The Significance of Anthropomorphism in Children's StoriesA Study of Rudy Kipling's The Jungle Book.

Anthropomorphism is giving human qualities and characteristics to non-humans, whether they are animals or plants, as in children’s stories. Because animals play an essential role in literature, this study examines the social and political aspects of anthropomorphism in The Jungle Book. Using animals in their real environment to represent stories directed at specific groups of people, instead of using humans to represent them, inevitably has great reasons and importance. Anthropomorphism gave these animals in stories abilities and characteristics related only to humans, including the ability to speak and other human qualities such as empathy, hatred, and friendship, as in the novel The Jungle Book. Enabling non-humans to speak, for example, opens new horizons for children and adults alike to learn about the behaviors and lifestyles of animals in their real environments and their relationships with other animals and humans alike. It also enables adults to obtain a broader and more comprehensive understanding of the writer’s messages about human societies, their types, behaviors, and political orientations by representing them in the form of animal groups. The study uses an objective approach by adapting the views of Adam Weitz and other theorists to analyze these aspects. The study concluded that giving human characteristics to non-humans, especially in literature, enables the writer to instill moral and cultural values ​​and customs in the hearts of children by making the characters their beloved animals. On the other hand, anthropomorphism allows drawing a picture in children's minds of human behaviors and feelings such as love, hate, love of power, and establishing friendships by embodying them with talking animals. Last but not least, anthropomorphism gives the writer a real opportunity to avoid directly presenting controversial and critical topics and representing them with non-human characters.

Moving Towards Novel and Sustainable Foods: Investigating Consumers' Intention to Consume Algae-Based Foods in a Developing Country

The world's growing population is putting immense pressure on natural resources and food security. Algae, as a sustainable and nutrient-rich alternative protein source, have gained attention due to their lower environmental impacts and potential health benefits. However, consumer acceptance remains a key challenge, especially in developing countries where awareness is limited. This study investigates the factors influencing Iranian consumers' willingness to consume algae-based foods through the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). A survey involving 445 respondents from Mashhad, Iran, was conducted, and the data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The findings reveal that attitude has the strongest influence on consumption intention, followed by food disgust, subjective norms, knowledge, moral norms, and environmental concerns. Attitude also mediates the relationships between the constructs of disgust, moral norms, knowledge, and environmental concerns with consumption intention. Furthermore, the findings indicate that attitude constitutes the fundamental mechanism of the relationship between knowledge, environmental concerns, and intention. On the other hand, moral norms confirm the existence of a relationship between the subjective norms construct and consumption intention, such that moral norms shape the fundamental mechanism of the relationship between subjective norms and attitude, emphasizing the profound influence of moral values in Iranian consumption culture. In contrast, food neophobia did not have a significant impact on consumption intentions, indicating an openness towards dietary innovations among Iranians. This research contributes to the theoretical advancement in this field by identifying the direct, indirect, and total effects of the extended Theory of Planned Behavior components on the decision to consume algae or algae-containing foods. Practically, the findings from this study can provide guidance for effective introduction and promotion strategies of algae-based food products in emerging markets.

Do What You Say—Computing Personal Values Associated with Professions Based on the Words They Use

Members of a profession frequently show similar personality characteristics. In this research, we leverage recent advances in NLP to compute personal values using a moral values framework, distinguishing between four different personas that assist in categorizing different professions by personal values: “fatherlanders”—valuing tradition and authority, “nerds”—valuing scientific achievements, “spiritualists”—valuing compassion and non-monetary achievements, and “treehuggers”—valuing sustainability and the environment. We collected 200 YouTube videos and podcasts for each professional category of lawyers, academics, athletes, engineers, creatives, managers, and accountants, converting their audio to text. We also categorize these professions by team player personas into “bees”—collaborative creative team players, “ants”—competitive hard workers, and “leeches”—selfish egoists using pre-trained models. We find distinctive personal value profiles for each of our seven professions computed from the words that members of each profession use.

NILAI ETIKA DALAM NOVEL TENGGELAMNYA KAPAL VAN DER WIJCK KARYA HAMKA

The aim of this research is to describe and identify the ethical values contained in the novel Tenggelamnya Kapal Van Der Wijck by Hamka. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data source is the novel Tenggelamnya Kapal Van Der Wijck by Hamka. The data collection technique uses reading and listening techniques and note-taking techniques. Data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis with informal presentation of the analysis results. The results of this research show that there are several ethical values in the novel Tenggelamnya Kapal Van Der Wijck by Hamka, 5 data were found, the forms of ethical values include: religious values, moral values, social values, and descriptive ethical values and normative ethics. The religious value is that every human being needs gratitude so that human life can be prosperous and happy. Moral values, namely a person's good and bad, can be seen from their polite, friendly, sincere, affectionate and responsible attitudes. The social value in this novel is that humans must respect and respect each other; and helping each other. Normative Ethics describes human behavior as it is. Meanwhile, descriptive ethics is how patterns of human behavior are related to situations and realities that are entrenched in people's lives

PEMANFAATAN NILAI-NILAI DALAM LEGENDA POPULER AMAT RHANG MANYANG SEBAGAI ASET WISATA BUDAYA DI KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR

The utilization of values in the popular legend of Amat Rhang Manyang is considered as one of the biggest factors in attracting tourists. This is because folk legends can shape children's personalities because they contain life values. Strengthening these values is important to instill in order to influence their lives. The legend of Amat Rhang Manyang was chosen because it has values that are useful to be applied in everyday life. This study aims to describe the legendary values contained in the legend of Amat Rhang Manyang as a cultural tourism asset in Aceh Besar Regency. The source of research data is the legend of Amat Rhang Manyang. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques in the form of observation and interviews with sources. Based on the results of the research and discussion, the values contained in the legend of Amat Rhang Manyang are religious values, moral values, cultural values and social values. After going to the field, it showed that the lack of tourism promotion activities for the legend of Amat Rhang Manyang resulted in low tourist visits. In fact, if managed properly, the legend area of Amat Rhang Manyang can contribute to increasing regional income or income, opening up new jobs and can help alleviate poverty in the area around the legend area

From Gurukul to Digital Classrooms: An Evolutionary Comparison of Traditional Indian Education System and Modern Education Systems

This paper presents a comparative study of the Gurukul system of education and the modern education system. The Gurukul system, rooted in ancient India, focused on holistic development, combining physical, mental, and spiritual growth. It emphasized a close relationship between teacher and student, with a personalized curriculum that included moral teachings, practical skills, and spiritual texts. However, its lack of inclusivity and adaptability to societal changes limited its reach.In contrast, the modern education system, characterized by formal schooling and structured curricula, places a strong emphasis on academic subjects, exams, and technical skills. It aims to prepare students for the competitive job market and global challenges. However, this system faces challenges such as overemphasis on rote learning, exams, and a digital divide that limits access to technology for many students. Furthermore, modern education often lacks a strong focus on moral and ethical values, which were integral to traditional systems.The paper concludes with recommendations for creating an adaptable, inclusive, and value-driven education system. By leveraging the strengths of both the Gurukul system and modern education, we can provide a more comprehensive and effective education that prepares students for both personal growth and societal contribution.

ANALISIS KUALITAS HADIS RIWAYAT SHAHIH MUSLIM NO. 2700: KAJIAN SANAD DAN MATAN

Hadith has a central position as the second source of Islamic law after the Qur'an. One of the important hadiths is Saheeh Muslim No. 2700 which explains the virtues of congregational dhikr, including its impact in the form of calmness, mercy, angelic protection, and the attention of Allah SWT. This study aims to analyze the quality of the hadith through the takhrij method, which includes the evaluation of sanad and matan. The results of the study show that the main sanad of this hadith is classified as munqathi (disconnected) because of the significant time gap between several awi, so it does not meet the criteria of ittishal. However, the existence of mutabi' and shuahid paths in other histories such as Sunan Daud and Musnad Ahmad strengthens the validity of matan. In terms of matan, this hadith does not contradict Islamic principles and has high moral and spiritual value. This study emphasizes the importance of a scientific approach in assessing the quality of hadith, and recommends further exploration to strengthen the study of hadith in various aspects of life.

A Conversational Agent That Learns to be Aligned With the Moral Value of Respect

A Conversational Agent That Learns to be Aligned With the Moral Value of Respect