Value Of Intellectual Property Research Articles

RAISING QUESTIONS ABOUT THE APPOINTMENT OF CUSTOMS EXPERTISE IN ORDER TO CONTROL THE CORRECT CLASSIFICATION OF GOODS UNDER HS

The article considers the importance of the quality of questioning when appointing a customs examination, the procedure and rules for posing such questions, assessing their correctness, shows the algorithm for the correct formulation of the question regarding the appointment of a customs examination. The necessity of updating the methodological recommendations for posing questions to the expert is emphasized, since even the best methodological recommendations are useless if they are not applied in practice. Based on this, the expediency of introducing an appropriate training course and training for customs officials authorized to appoint commodity customs examinations and studies, in particular in the field of valuation of intellectual property, is shown. It is shown that when appointing a customs examination by a customs official, the expert should be assigned a specific task and set the range and content of issues on which the examination should be carried out. At the same time, it is not allowed to raise questions: that go beyond the competence of the expert (this may be grounds for refusal to conduct an examination); for the explanation of which no special expert knowledge is required; are of a legal nature; which may relate to the object of study due to its properties. The algorithm and the sequence of raising the question regarding the appointment of a customs examination, which allows to assess its correctness in accordance with the criteria established by law, which contain a prohibition on the absence of a certain (clear) semantic content in the question, or possible ambiguity (the possibility of interpretation) of the essence of the question, are analyzed. The necessity of formulating qualitative questions in compliance with the theory of their formulation and taking into account the specifics of the questions, taking into account the grounds for their occurrence, as well as the nature of the information the absence of which is indicated by the question (the so-called “whether-question” and “what-question”) is proved. The conclusion is made that in order to prevent problems in the interaction of customs authorities and expert institutions in the process of organizing and conducting customs examinations, it is important to take into account the peculiarities of questioning when appointing examinations and to comply with the rules for asking questions to the expert.

Definition of royalties in license agreements: criteria, approaches and data sources

In the article, the author examines the problems associated with the justification of the cost of the license agreement, which provides for royalty payments. The solution to this problem is aimed at improving the management of intellectual property in Russian high-tech companies to ensure the technological sovereignty of the country. The purpose of the study is to determine criteria, approaches and data sources for calculating royalties for subsequent use when concluding license agreements for the disposal of rights to the results of intellectual activity of the company. Methods used in writing the article: methods of empirical research (comparison, collection and study of data from various sources), comparative and statistical analysis, synthesis of theory and practice in the field of intellectual property valuation. The author has identified the following criteria for the accrual of royalties: (1) scientific and practical orientation of the approaches and methods used; (2) relevance and availability of information when calculating royalties; (3) simplicity of procedures and objectivity of the results obtained. The following approaches to determining royalty rates are considered in detail: (1) the approach of "industry standards" (the method of standard royalty rates), based on the search for published ranges of royalty rates obtained by statistical methods; (2) the market approach (the method of analogues), based on the search and analysis of similar contracts, information on which is available; (3) the calculation approach (the Novoseltsev method), involving the derivation of royalty rates based on the licensor's share of the licensee's profit and the profitability of production and sale of products under the license. The main sources of information used in valuation practice to determine the range of royalty rates are analyzed, their advantages and disadvantages are given. The results obtained will allow companies to make informed decisions when concluding license agreements in terms of determining the amount of royalties, the accrual base and royalty rates, taking into account the specifics of the result of intellectual activity.

Research on the Implementation Path of Enterprise Strategic Property Management from the Perspective of Technological Innovation

The aim of this paper is to improve the innovation level and innovation performance of enterprise strategic property management technology. Also, this paper studies the implementation path of enterprise strategic property management from the perspective of technological innovation by analysing the opportunities and challenges faced by the enterprise’s intellectual property management, building an enterprise strategic property rights management system with the company’s intellectual property organisation management, intellectual property value management, and intellectual property strategic management as the core; establishing SC’s intellectual property management system by stages, adopt a phased approach to build SC’s intellectual property management system and by increasing corporate profitability through intellectual property transfer, licensing and other activities. Through intellectual property management, it provides a strong guarantee for enterprises to make profits. Interviews and investigations were conducted with KT company in the field of temperature control, QR company in the field of energy saving and environmental protection, and JZ company in the field of biomedicine. Only by basing itself on its own reality and market demand, gradually improving the level of technological innovation, and planning and implementing the strategy of independent intellectual property rights, can the performance of technological innovation be effectively improved.

ANALYSIS OF PROBLEMS OF INNOVATIVE REGULATION ACTIVITIES IN UKRAINE

The article is devoted to the analysis of problems of innovation activity in Ukraine. Innovation in Ukraine has not yet become an appropriate means of increasing competitiveness. The value of intellectual property is assessed in a distorted market, separated from the potential economic effect of innovation. This does not stimulate the improvement of the production of an intellectual product - the basis of innovation. It is concluded that most legal norms are only declarative and not enforced, which lacks a sufficiently effective legal framework to protect intellectual property rights and individual innovations. Аlthough the current legal framework for scientific, technical and innovative activities has about 200 documents. Ukraine’s priorities in this sector have been identified to avoid the adoption of new laws, аfter all, according to the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the imperfect legal framework is almost 40% of all reasons that hinder innovation. To achieve the goal of the article, the following methods of scientific knowledge are used: the normative-dogmatic method was used in the analysis of normative-legal acts regulating innovation activity in Ukraine. The monographic method helped to study the world experience of state regulation of innovation in different countries. Methods of analysis and synthesis allowed to assess the effectiveness of state support mechanisms for innovation in Ukraine. The comparative legal method allowed to compare the features of state regulation of innovation in different countries. The statistical method proved to be useful in considering the current state of innovation in Ukraine. An abstract and logical method was used to formulate the relevant conclusions and proposals. During the study of foreign experience, ways to improve the legislation governing innovation in Ukraine were found and proposed. The empirical basis of the study is the data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, monographs and articles of scientists in various fields of law, the results of the authors’ own research. Key words: Legislative regulation, innovations, innovative activity, Ukraine, foreign experience.

Impact of blockchain and distributed ledger technology for the management of the intellectual property life cycle: A multiple case study analysis

The purpose of this paper is to examine how blockchain and in general distributed ledger technology can help to solve intellectual property challenges of today´s era of digitization. We investigate business ventures leveraging blockchain technology to manage the intellectual property life cycle, in other words how intellectual properties are created, protected, managed and monetized. Our research method is a multiple case study examining a total of 120 use cases. across all primary types of intellectual properties including copyrights, trademarks, patents, trade secrets, industrial design and geographical indications. The empirical validation is based on an in-depth within-case analysis of 26 applications which were selected from the initial 120 cases based on business maturity and popularity criteria. Our goal is to understand which intellectual property challenges distributed ledger technology is trying to solve and how. We also investigate which blockchain benefits, in terms of technological security, immutability, decentralization, tokenization or disintermediation are promoted by these applications. We triangulate our case study results using a PESTEL coding framework to better understand how the blockchain ecosystem manages the intellectual property life cycle and to provide scholarly researchers and practitioners with insights on how enterprises can use distributed ledger technology to enhance the management of the intellectual property value chain. Moreover, we validate theoretical findings through the evidence collected from our multiple case study analysis, and finally we provide strategic guidance in investigating the current and anticipated challenges of blockchain entrepreneurs to drive further distributed ledger innovation.

A framework to assess the valuation techniques for new technology-based firms: a case in an emerging market

ABSTRACT Valuation of new technology-based firms and startups is one of the main concerns of these Firms. The need to expand financial resources and evaluate the potential income of these firms increases the importance of the valuation of these firms for entrepreneurs and investors. In this paper, we represent a comprehensive framework to assess the strengths and the weaknesses of the valuation methods in NTBFs with a focus on the factors in the emerging markets. For this purpose, different valuation methods and their related criteria for NTBFs are extracted and evaluated by experts in terms of applicability and Sufficiency. We categorized the existing valuation methods to 4 different groups: “asset valuation methods”, “intellectual property valuation methods”, “technology valuation methods”, and “startups valuation methods”. Then, the importance of each criterion is determined using the analytical hierarchical process method. Finally, we used fuzzy TOPSIS to prioritize each category of valuation methods and identify their strengths and weaknesses. The results indicate which sets of valuation methods are the more preferred method for Iranian entrepreneurs and investors to evaluate different kinds of NTBFs. Besides, the results of the model on different criteria proposed different suggestions to improve the existing valuation methods.

Technology valuation for intellectual property commercialization

This study was conducted to evaluate the technical value of 19 intellectual property rights held by the Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, and the purpose of this valuation is to promote commercialization by acquiring the technology transfer or exclusive license for the intellectual property rights. This study examines the theoretical and practical aspects of the valuation methods and procedures of the income approach that are useful for valuing intellectual property. Assuming that bioscience and biotechnology firms receive license transfer of intellectual property held by a foreign company, the valuation analysis of intellectual property based on the profit approach is based on business plans and financial statements of domestic companies. After calculating the operating profit from the gross profit of the company in detail, the corporation tax and the capital cost are taken into account and the depreciation cost is increased or decreased to calculate the excess profit and multiply the present value by the present value. We propose an income approach model and a case analysis to obtain the ultimate value of intellectual property by multiplying the contribution by this factor. It is not easy to predict future cash flows and estimate various financial statements, and there is a limit to the possibility that the evaluator will be subject to the estimation of the appropriate discount rate. More detailed and partial complementary research classified by the industry size is to be left as a future study.

SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO VALUE EVALUATION OF THE PATENT PORTFOLIO

The article points out the advantages of conducting agreements on purchase and sale of intellectual property not individual patents, but a portfolio of patents. A systematic analysis of the range of valuation of intellectual property and the patent portfolio was conducted. A mathematical explanation of the "maximum-minimum" values is given, as well as the separation of the actual market price is substantiated. A graphical analysis of the stages of life cycles is given. Based on the proposed mathematical model, the value of the basic invention according to the patent UA85101 and the general portfolio of patents of JSC "Ukrainian Power Machines" (Kharkiv, Ukraine) as of 01.02.2022, which is 1755810 UAH. These calculations assume the best economic effect of using the rights to this portfolio of patents both in-house and obtaining income from the sale of a non-exclusive license. The practical applicability of the study allows JSC "Ukrainian Energy Machines" to assess the possibility of improving the efficiency of intellectual property management, which provides maximum benefit from the commercialization of innovations.

RESEARCH OF METHODS OF VALUATION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OBJECTS

The article examines and substantiates traditional and modern methodological approaches to the valuation of intellectual property objects of the enterprise based on the Monte Carlo method, the royalty rate method, the rules of the empirical approach, the hypothetical method of negotiations, the method of calculating the lost profit, the method of decision tree analysis. The economic essence and value of intellectual property objects for ensuring the efficiency of the economic activity of an industrial enterprise, taking into account many market and non-market factors influencing the evaluation result, were investigated. The composition and specifics of assessing the value of various types of intellectual property objects of an industrial enterprise in modern conditions have been worked out. Peculiarities of the use of the main methodical approaches to the assessment of the value of intangible assets, namely cost, profitable (revenue), market, are considered The field of use of the results of the conducted research is defined: the practical activity of domestic industrial enterprises, the professional activity of participants in the evaluation process, which is aimed at increasing the validity and reliability of the adoption and effectiveness of the practical implementation of strategic and the most important operational management decisions from the point of view of their impact on the value of existing intellectual assets and the market the cost of the enterprise in general.
 It has been proven that intellectual property objects are an integral part of the most effective assets of an enterprise that carries out market-independent business activities. The process of determining the value of an intellectual property object is known as intellectual property valuation, and may vary depending on various factors, such as the type of intellectual property, its commercial value, the level of risk, the market nature and purpose of the intellectual property valuation, etc. Various traditional and modern methods are available for valuing intellectual property, but choosing the appropriate method is important to obtain its adequate value. The answer to the question "how to value an object of intellectual property" depends on the answers to other questions, such as "what to value", "when to value" and "for what purpose to conduct a valuation of an object of intellectual property".

Development of the combined approach to the valuation of intellectual property objects

The object of this research is a combined approach to the valuation of intellectual property. The paper compares the traditional approaches to valuation: profitable, market and cost, and identified the shortcomings of each. During the work the methods of analysis and synthesis of scientific literature were used to highlight the disadvantages and advantages of traditional approaches, statistical and comparative methods for estimating the value of patents in one industry. Mathematical modeling was also used to develop the formula of the combined approach. Researchers raised the issue of determining the pricing factors that are taken into account when determining the calculation parameters and dependent coefficients of adjustment of the value of intellectual property. Researchers presented methodological recommendations for calculating the integrated coefficient of influence of qualitative and quantitative factors, taking into account the type of object and the features of standardized approaches to evaluation. As a result of the analysis of approaches the improvement of the combined approach for definition of cost of object of intellectual property is offered. The development takes into account the purpose of the assessment and the availability of complete, reliable and objective information, as well as the affiliation of the intellectual property to a particular industry and the impact of technological development of this industry. On the basis of the proposed coefficients of adjustment of the value of intellectual property objects, the value of industrial property according to the patent of Ukraine UA85101 and some inventions of the power engineering industry of enterprises of Kharkiv region (Ukraine) was calculated. The best result for the patent owner of JSC «Ukrainian Energy Machines» are the calculations obtained on the basis of the combined approach, taking into account the traditional profit approach and the integrated coefficient. According to the studied model, the value of industrial property UA85101 is 26930 USD. These calculations assume the best economic effect of using the rights to this patent in the company, or obtaining income from the sale of a license for this patent using a lump sum or royalty. The practical applicability of the study allows industrial enterprises to assess the possibility of improving the efficiency of intellectual property management, which provides maximum benefit from the commercialization of innovations.

Implementation of Technology and Innovation Support Centers (TISCs) in Kenya: Challenges and opportunities

Technology and Innovation Support Centers (TISCs) were established by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) in 2009 to support innovations in least developed countries. They facilitate innovators to access high quality innovations and technological information. They have been very successful in the United Kingdom and Germany. TISC implementation in Kenya has been evaluated in this work and challenges experienced determined with suggested mitigations. An evaluation of various intellectual property (IP) in Kenya shows that only 604 patents are registered per year; out of which, 167 are from nationals. Among the registered patents, an average of 5 patents per year is issued to Kenyans and 209 to internationals. There is a positive correlation between application of patents, trademarks, and industrial designs with establishment of TISCs. Three (3) out of 14 TISC centers are fully operational with an equipped office, trained personnel and offer services to innovators. Eleven centers are still ideas in the minds of center leaders. Kenya Industrial Property Institute (KIPI) and WIPO have trained all the center leaders on their mandates. Eleven (11) out of 14 centers cited financial constraints and non-committal administrations. Only 3 centers have financial benefit from IP. Eleven centers (11) are yet to implement their mandate fully and IP is mainly for staff development and branding. Incubation centers are rare and even difficult to get prototypes of the registered patents or designs. Furthermore, there is lack of IP audit and valuation. As such, prioritization of various IP by institutions for implementation is rare. On average, implementation of TISCs in Kenya is at 62%. A SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis of the findings reveals a young, experienced, intelligent and enthusiastic staff that is limited by resources (funds), facilities, lack of entrepreneurial skills and ignorance. However, they are exposed to several willing government agencies including the Kenya National Innovation Agency (KeNIA) and Kenya National Research Fund (NRF). Nevertheless, external threats including pandemics (COVID 19) have impacted negatively on their implementation strategies. A business canvas model for the TISCs reveal their key partners to be NRF, KeNIA, innovators, companies, research institutions, learning institutions, small and medium enterprises, WIPO, KIPI etc. They can derive their own resources from external funding bodies, the government, and levy their services. It is, therefore, recommend that TISCs be hosted by learning institutions, financed by Kenya government with set objectives and be treated as businesses.

THE WANING INFLUENCE OF THE PANDEMIC ON DECISION MAKING

The notion that the present value of cash flows is often improperly estimated in financial models concerning capital improvements and abandonments is a fundamental problem in decision analysis in management and associated decisions and affects the estimation of and valuation of intellectual property. Previous studies indicate the usefulness of estimation theory in financial accounting. During the Covid Pandemic of the past few years, decisions by governmental and health authorities in the United States and the World were often dictated during the Pandemic by short-term political influences which included disinformation by some who wished to take advantage of the misuse of the health Pandemic for political gain and/or financial power and short-term financial gain. Previously this was shown to be true as the media with the aid of self promotional activities by many who were attempting this kind of gain. Furthermore, the Pandemic in the United States and other nations is receding in dramatic ways and many restrictions of the Endemic era are no longer in use. This was the result of Mask restrictions and increasing but not universal vaccine programs in many states and nations.

Comparing the Effect of Intangible Assets and Macroeconomic Parameters on the Stock Prices in Firms Listed on the Stock Exchange of Iran, Saudi Arabia and Iraq

Comparing the Effect of Intangible Assets and Macroeconomic Parameters on the Stock Prices in Firms Listed on the Stock Exchange of Iran, Saudi Arabia and Iraq

Valuation of intangible assets and intellectual property

The relevance of the study of the problem of intellectual property protection in the print media lies in the fact that in the 21st century information flows are becoming more intense, an increasing number of people are involved in the process of creating and distributing, receiving and transmitting information, including through newspapers and magazines. As a result, there are many more objects of copyright than before, more complex legal relationships arise between the subjects. The previously rather narrow sphere of copyright, which covered a small part of society, is now rapidly expanding. Representatives of an increasing number of professions, including journalists, fall into it.

ГЛОБАЛ ИННОВАЦИОН РЕЙТИНГДА ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛ МУЛК БОЗОРИ

The article emphasizes the need to create an organizational and legal framework for the protection of intellectual property in the global innovation process, in particular, the need to develop mechanisms for the protection of intellectual property in world markets, with particular emphasis on the development of intellectual property valuation mechanisms.

Value Creation and Capture From Technology Innovation in the 6G Era

In the sixth generation of mobile communication networks (6G) era, in which the convergence of wireless and Internet technologies will drive the digital economy and automation across industries, the focus of innovation will shift from individual technology or products towards innovation within platforms and ecosystems. This paper provides a comprehensive categorised survey of the 6G business literature and the current state of mobile communication intellectual property value creation across the system architecture layers. The key emerging and enabling technologies of the 6G networks are positioned as applicable to areas of value creation and capture, and an outline of the proposed transformation of technology innovation by considering the 6G system architecture layers is provided. Unlike the existing 6G literature focusing on visions, use cases, KPI requirements, and KVI drivers, this study will extend the discussion to the value-creation-and-capture problem of technology innovators. The role of complementary assets, technology policy, standardisation, and intellectual property in 6G is analysed by profiting from innovation lenses. To gain the full potential and capture value from technology innovation in 6G, it is essential that regulators protect the intellectual property contributions to incentive R&D investments by the developers of open, collaborative enabling technologies. The paper further assesses the business model evolution from the 4G engineering platform to modular 5G and 6G, stemming from ecosystems and open value configurations. The results of the technology value analysis show the emerging 6G business to be an oblique hybrid of vertical and horizontal business models and characterise the future 6G networks as a general-purpose technology.

A TOPSIS-Based Model for Evaluating the Performance of the Intellectual Property Value Strategies of Science and Technology Enterprises

Intellectual property comes with risks such as value evaluation and externalities. It is an intangible asset involving a large investment and a long return period; however, it plays an important role in enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises. Some companies see intellectual property as being a long-term development strategy, which makes evaluating the performance of corporate intellectual property particularly important. The TOPSIS method is widely used to evaluate the pros and cons, as well as the performance of various programs. It can make full use of the data to accurately reflect the gaps in various programs. This paper uses the TOPSIS method to evaluate the performance of the intellectual property value strategy of six typical technology companies based on three dimensions: financial performance, external performance, and value chain performance. The study found that the value chain performance was the most important in the performance evaluation of the intellectual property value strategy, followed by the external performance, and then by the financial performance. There were also significant differences in the intellectual property value strategy of the six technology companies.

Strategies for managing intellectual property value: A systematic review

Growing trends in the development and application of intellectual property (IP) witnessed in recent years suggest an expanding role of technology and innovation in global economies and daily life. Such trends account for increasing research interest in strategies for the management of IP and potential opportunities for broadening the scope of IP value. This study reviews 168 journal articles on IP value, identifying main research concepts and strategies for managing IP value. Using insights from the review, the study provides a multi-level framework describing the dominant logic and key factors for managing IP value. The framework proposes a network-dominant logic for collaboration, which collects and generates collective IP value, and a risk-dominant logic for management, which evaluates and mitigates possible IP value loss. The study also contains recommendations on some potential future research directions for studying IP value.

The place of intellectual property in the system of legal values: theoretical and legal aspects

The author highlights and investigates the theoretical and legal aspects of the place of intellectual property in the system of legal values. It is noted that legal values ​​are a special phenomenon in which a wide range of ideas, ideas, provisions that reflect the peculiarities of society's perception of socially useful factors, which find their expression and manifestation in the legal sphere of society. In this regard, intellectual property is a special product of human intellectual activity, which is recognized as socially useful and subsequently acquired legal characteristics, ensuring the protection of intellectual property rights, their inviolability, as well as regulating relations in the field of intellectual property. Intellectual property is a special socio-cultural phenomenon, belonging to the system of socio-cultural values ​​is primarily due to its usefulness to society, the ability to ensure the interests of its subjects. At the same time, the multifaceted and complex nature of intellectual property, represented in various spheres of society, provides an opportunity to study intellectual property, including as part of a system of legal values ​​endowed with legal properties, provided by law, allows legal entities to achieve legally significant results. related to intellectual property. Based on the analysis of doctrinal and legal ideas about the value of intellectual property, the author identified the place of intellectual property in the system of legal values. It is concluded that intellectual property as a legal phenomenon has a multifaceted and multifaceted nature, which does not allow to unambiguously determine its place in the system of legal values. Therefore, it is proposed to determine the criteria according to which to classify legal values, which should cover and take into account all possible aspects (characteristics) of legal values, including taking into account the values ​​of intellectual property established above. The place of intellectual property in the system of legal values ​​is determined by the author according to the following criteria: 1) the state of legal support of intellectual property in Ukraine; 2) the method of legal regulation of relations in the field of intellectual property; 3) its functional purpose.

Is it possible to improve methods of intellectual property valuation?

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify ways to improve or simplify the quality and accuracy of IP valuations via accounting regulation improvements. Methodology/approach: This research relies on qualitative research methods such as case law analysis and comparative research of accounting standards and approaches. Findings: Evidence from this study points towards the conclusion that financial statements currently only reflect a historic financial record of the particular business, profoundly biased by a conservative tangible assets perspective. The central thesis of this study is that it makes sense to adopt a comprehensive intellectual property valuation strategy to ascertain the specific value of the intangible assets since the comprehensive application of valuation models is likely to yield superior results to using them separately. Research limitations/implications: Although the proposed approach seeks to bring more clarity to the valuation process while simplifying the appraisal of intellectual property assets, its efficacy is subject to increased transparency, a maturing intellectual property market, and credible data availability. Originality/value: This study makes a valuable contribution to research on methods that facilitate accurate intellectual property valuation while offering an alternative valuation model which combines the strengths of individual valuation models.