Intangible Value Research Articles

Is "Authentic Tourism" a means of preserving living cultural heritage?

The goal of this paper is to question the idea of authenticity in the tourist industry, using the Old City of Akko (north Israel) as a case study. It will question the ability of tourism to serve as a tool for preserving living-cultural- heritage. Is there "authenticity" in tourism? Is cultural-based-tourism a means of preserving intangible heritage? Does cultural-based-heritage recreate heritage, invent heritage or is it just a means of creating experiences? Situated on a peninsula in North Israel, the old city of Akko is a vertical of many historical layers, from 5000 years ago till date. Imprints of tangible heritage from all periods and living intangible cultural heritage entwine with each other in the ancient allies of the city. Intensive excavations uncovered massive Middle-aged Crusader remains dated to the 12th and 13th century. They lie beneath the existing Ottoman fortified city, constructed in the 18th and 19th centuries. Akko of today is a vibrant city. Residents reside within these Ottoman buildings constructed 300 years ago. Updated research indicates that the cultural heritage of Akko includes many additional values. These include intangible heritage values that are practiced by these residents in the historic allies. This ‘Living Heritage’ is linked to the current community of the city and represents the ‘continuity’ of traditions and practices that comprise living dimensions and the continuity of traditions, skills, and craftspeople. Successful scientific research methods, documentation and safeguarding procedures of these intangible values are still developing. This paper will present examples of intangible heritage in the Historical Urban Landscapes of Akko and will question the ability of new touristic initiatives as a means of preserving this heritage and the spirit of the city. Some of these examples are led by the locals but most of the new initiatives are belong to entrepreneurs new to the city. They all offer an authentic experience in the city. They suggest a combination of visits to the main tourist attractions developed by the authorities and an opportunity to encounter living-traditional-culture aspects in the city. They include tours with local guides, living-in local houses, participating-in local traditional meals with the residents, meeting and watching various craftsmen or joining traditional community events. For tourists, these are unique opportunities that could be called "authentic experiences". For tourist experts these experiences are often regarded as means to present rare cultural heritage aspects. For the authorities, these experiences are regarded as new development resources and tools. For the locals these are new economic opportunities. So, is this a win-win-win-win situation? Are these initiatives means to preserve and safeguard the authentic intangible heritage values and the unique spirit of the city?

Interpreting living urban-industrial heritage: The Jewellery Quarter, Birmingham

In light of the studies related to the theory of interpretation of cultural heritage sites, the holistic interpretation approach of heritage areas has developed, and a new interpretation culture has emerged. It includes new approaches, local and regional interpretation strategies, new policies and comprehensive analysis and evaluations. The new interpretation culture is important not only to produce interpretation themes, but also to the transfer and sustainability of the values of heritage sites that need to be preserved to the society. In this context, studies are being brought up in order to find the most appropriate ways to understand and transfer living urban heritage sites; tangible and intangible values, existing or non-existent urban structures, ongoing or non-existent social and cultural practices, used or ongoing structures and all cultural and historical layers of areas. Beyond the current interpretation studies carried out for the heritage sites, it is important to develop interpretation strategies including the historical importance of the areas for living urban heritage sites and therefore complex cultural heritage areas, the connections to the places, cultural and social relations networks, urban memory, and the spirit of the place. For this purpose, the study focuses primarily on the critical viewpoint of theoretical content of the interpretation of cultural heritage sites. In the light of theoretical and practical knowledge, the research then concentrates on key themes and discussions on heritage interpretation in the UK. Accordingly, the research discusses the interpretation strategies in the Jewellery Quarter, Birmingham which is the one of the most influential areas by means of historical urban-industrial heritage site.

Accounting for the acquisition (creation), impairment and write-off of intangible assets

Subject. This article deals with the issues of management of the acquisition (creation), valuation, revaluation, amortization of intangible value and operations for the write-off of intangible assets in accordance with the provisions of FSBU 14/2022 – Intangible Assets. Objectives. The article aims to disclose the issues of organization of analytical and synthetic accounting for the acquisition (creation), impairment and write-off of intangible assets, substantiate the procedure for keeping records of intangible assets and develop methodological aspects of analytical and synthetic accounting for the acquisition, impairment and write-off of intangible assets. Methods. For the study, we used analysis and synthesis, modeling, systematization, and generalization. Results. The article reveals the problematic issues of accounting for intangible assets. The article also formulates proposals for reflecting operations on income flows and the causes for writing off of intangible assets, and presents a recommended methodology for accounting for impairment operations of intangible assets and costs associated with their write-off. Conclusions and Relevance. To ensure the reliability of accounting and financial reporting data regarding intangible assets, it is necessary to clearly organize analytical and synthetic accounting of these items on the basis of supporting primary documentation in accordance with the requirements of FSBU 14/2022 – Intangible Assets. Entities should monitor impairment of intangible assets and record the results in accounts in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standard (IAS) 36 – Impairment of Assets. The results of the study can be applied in the theory and practice of accounting.

City reputation and the role of sustainability in cities

AbstractCity reputation is a valuable intangible asset that boosts the attractiveness of a city in terms of resources, events, tourism, or as a place of residence. Since city sustainability is understood as the framework of a city's economic activities conducted within the carrying capacity of the local environment to the benefit of the local population, it may help to satisfy city stakeholders' expectations over time; in other words, to enhance city reputation. Our results from Tobit analyses, based on an international sample of 62 cities between 2015 and 2018, confirm that city sustainability is a determinant of city reputation. Specifically, this study shows that the level of environmental, social, and economic sustainability affects positively city reputation. Our results are of interest to local authorities, as they indicate the relevance of efforts to consolidate city sustainability in order to build a good city reputation.

Brand Valuation of Garment Companies for Tax Purposes

Valuation of intangible assets is carried out to determine a certain value objectively and professionally in accordance with regulatory provisions for non-monetary assets with no identifiable or unidentifiable physical form (goodwill). Many intangible assets will not be recognized in the financial statements because they fail to meet the definition of an asset or the recognition criteria. The transfer of Intangible Assets often uses Book Value so that there is no tax obligation, the purpose of this study is to determine the Fair Market Value of Intangible Assets in the form of Brands for tax purposes with valuation that is to carry out financial statement analysis, macroeconomic analysis, industry analysis and application of Approaches and Methods Selected rating. The approach used is using the Income Approach with the Royalty Savings Method, the results of the valuation obtained the Fair Market Value of Brand X of Rp. 23,978,000,000; (Twenty Three Billion Nine Hundred Seventy Eight Million Rupiah).

A Conceptual Framework for Creating Brand Management Strategies

Branding has become a business priority over the past few decades due to the growing awareness that brands are one of the companies’ most valuable intangible assets. Academics and practitioners have proposed models of components to simplify brands into a small number of parts, or dimensions. Nonetheless, there is a lack of specific approaches to brand management models that fit specific business scenarios. The objective of this study was to propose a general framework to create custom brand management strategies that fit specific business scenarios through a set of independent brand dimensions. The framework was applied to the specific case of SME alliance in a B2B export environment as an example of use. This study reviews the most cited brand management models in literature and classified them into 12 independent brand dimensions. The results suggest that regardless of the brand management model, all of them converge on the fact that creating a high-quality brand relationship with the customer is crucial for the branding process. Findings suggest non-evident relationships between dimensions. The findings also suggest that brand dimensions’ and brand dimension relationships’ importance in specific business scenarios shape brand management models in unique ways.

Valuation of intangible assets via application of the WARA approach in the agricultural sector

Valuation of intangible assets via application of the WARA approach in the agricultural sector

Renaissance of villages for the revitalization of marginal areas

There is now a clear disparity between major cities and villages located in marginal areas of Italy. Progressive depopulation of inland areas and urban polarization such as consolidated territorial dynamics are difficult to dampen and adapt to the new paradigms of sustainable territorial development, although they have been abruptly redirected by the Covid 19 pandemic. The instability created by this pandemic offers the opportunity to redefine new parameters of intervention and new scenarios for the development of territories in relation to the new needs of decentralization and physical distancing. The project “Renaissance of villages for the revitalization of marginal areas” aims to create the conditions to repopulate and rebalance shrinking territories by establishing new centers of attractiveness. This project envisages the active involvement of municipalities and local authorities with the aims at implementing the multi-sectoral analysis of the tangible and intangible values of territories. It intends to develop an interactive web dashboard to be provided to municipalities in order to create both a learning environment and a spatial decision support system for future local policy actions towards a sustainable participatory local development. In this way, it is proposed a functional method with a place-based approach to managing the existing territorial complexity through innovative models of territorial governance and policymaking, among them the effective implementation of participatory and multi-actor visions of territorial development. Specifically, this paper provides the Italian villages’ archetypes through the quantitative spatial cluster multivariate analysis, which is the basis for the construction of the dashboard. To cluster the villages, the main variables have been identified, assesses, and mapped. The results are fundamental in order to define the future scenarios for each archetype assessing the Key Performance indicators (KPIs).

“It all depends on the project”—A business ecosystem in residential wooden multistory construction in Finland

Using wood in multistory apartment construction (WMC) has a climate-positive advantage with buildings acting as long-term carbon storage. Business ecosystem (BE) development around WMC is needed to accelerate the adoption of wooden materials in the conservative construction industry. As the business actors around WMC are essentially different from those using other building materials, new knowledge must be built from the project level. This study uses a qualitative interview approach among actors from three pioneering urban building projects to address their perceptions of building with wood regarding a project-based BE. Based on the thematic analysis, sources of both tangible and intangible value creation were found to arise from building with wood. A higher degree of prefabrication associated with WMC was seen in all projects to influence the reorganization of logistics, enabling faster building processes and lean material use. No strong sustainability-driven culture could be identified in any of the projects. Results further flag the sensitivity and importance of management and coordination skills in targeting improvements of the construction business based on WMC. In the bigger picture, there is still room for further research at regional and global level on business model changes in building with this renewable and recyclable material.

Relationship Between Intangible Assets and Value of Oil and Gas Firms in Nigeria

Relationship Between Intangible Assets and Value of Oil and Gas Firms in Nigeria

On the Regulation of Bad Faith Trademark Registration

With the continuous development of market economy, the intangible value attached to the trademark is more and more large, large-scale malicious trademark registration has destroyed the order of trademark registration, we must take effective measures to curb the malicious trademark registration. For the cognizance of malicious registration of trademarks, currently only in national trademarks promulgated by the administrative organs of the trademark review and hearing standard to judge the malicious registration of trademarks in the specific reference, for the standard of "malicious" did not make clear a regulation, at the same time, there is trademark registration system focusing too much on the use of the trademark application time and ignoring the trademark; Too long objection period is not conducive to the rights protection of interested parties; The illegal cost borne by malicious registrants is too small. Through the comparative analysis of foreign provisions on malicious trademark registration, the differences between malicious and related concepts are analyzed, and the following suggestions are put forward: clarifying the identification standard of "malicious" and strengthening the intention of trademark applicants to use trademarks; In order to curb the phenomenon of malicious trademark registration, we should adopt the mode of absolute reason examination and the objection to the front mode, and appropriately increase the legal liability of malicious applicant.

Intangible asset accounting outlook: Valuation and reporting

Subject. This article discusses the issues related to the regulation of the valuation of intangible assets and reflection of information about them in reporting. Objectives. The article aims to identify the prospects for solving the problematic aspects of the intangible assets valuation and reflection in reporting. Methods. For the study, I used a critical analysis, synthesis, comparison, observation, and the analogy approach. Results. The article identifies problematic aspects of intangible assets valuation and information disclosure in reporting. It presents the results of a study of new approaches to the intangible assets valuation and reporting information reflection in FSBU 14/2022 – Intangible Assets Standard, and in the FSBU Projects – Intangible Assets, developed by the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation and the National Non-Governmental Accounting Regulator "Accounting Methodological Center" (NRBU BMTs Fund). Conclusions and Relevance. FSBU 14/2022 – Intangible Assets Standard and the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation and the NRBU BMTs Fund's Projects contain regulations on the initial and subsequent measurements of intangible assets, their useful life, amortization methods, reflection of information in reporting, which differ from the rules of PBU 14/2007 – Accounting for Intangible Assets. Each of the Projects under consideration has both advantages and disadvantages with regard to the intangible assets valuation and reflection in reporting. The FSBU 14/2022 regulations are similar to those ones presented in the FSBU Project, developed by the Ministry of Finance of Russia. The adoption of FSBU 14/2022 is a step forward with regard to the regulation of intangible assets valuation and reporting compared to PBU 14/2007. The results obtained have both practical and theoretical areas of application in the field of financial accounting.

Exhibition Review: Spirit of a Place, Bury Art Museum & Sculpture Gallery, Bury, United Kingdom, 18 May 2021 - 14 May 2022

The following is an exhibiton review of Spirit of a Place, Bury Art Museum & Sculpture Gallery. Spirit of a Place takes its title from the concept of the same name. Spirit of place identifies the tangible (objects, architecture, lanscapes) and intangible (memories, odours, rituals, knowledge, and values) hallmarks of a place or space's identity. Spirit of place is conveyed by people; therefore, Bury Art Museum combines archival documents, museum objects and new commissions to present the story of Silver Street, a prominent road through Bury's cultural quarter.

TMS 38 MADDİ OLMAYAN DURAN VARLIKLARIN MUHASEBELEŞTİRİLMESİ

İşletmenin karlılığının artmasında etkin rol oynayan, işletmeye rekabet avantajı kazandıran, ancak fiziki olarak mevcut olmayan haklara maddi olmayan duran varlık denir. Günümüz şartlarında, dijitalleşme artıkça, işletmelerin varlıkları içerisinde maddi olmayan duran varlıklar gittikçe önem kazanmaktadır. İşletmeler tarafından, artan ticari rekabet şartlarında, varlıklarının devamı ve faaliyetlerinin kesintisiz olarak sürdürülebilmesi için fiziki varlıkların yanı sıra, maddi olmayan varlıklardan da faydalanılmaktadır. Patent, telif hakkı, ithalat kotası, yazılım programı, film, müşteri ve tedarikçi ağı ve bağlantısı, dağıtım sistemi, isim kullanma hakkı, faaliyet hakkı, piyasadaki hâkimiyet durumu gibi varlıklar, Maddi olmayan duran varlıklara örnek olarak verilebilir. Piyasa şartları doğrultusunda bu varlıklara değerleme uygulanarak, varlıkların mali tablolarda doğru bir şekilde yer alması önem kazanmaktadır. İşletmeler tarafından kullanılan bu kaynaklardan, maddi olmayan duran varlıklar sınıfına dâhil olması gereken varlıklar ile bunların muhasebe kayıtlarına alınması, değerlemeye tabi tutulması, yıpranma payı ayrılması, yenileme gideri, değer düşüklüğü uygulaması gibi konular TMS 38 Maddi Olmayan Duran Varlıklar Standardında ayrıntılı olarak düzenlenmiştir.Bu çalışmada, işletmeler tarafından edinilen maddi olmayan duran varlıklar gurubundaki varlıkların, TMS38 Maddi olmayan duran varlıklar standardı hükümlerine göre muhasebeleştirilme usul ve esasları incelenmiştir. Öncelikle; TMS38 standardında sayılan kavramlar hakkında temel bilgiler verilmiş, ardından; maddi olmayan duran varlıkların değerlemesi, muhasebeleştirilmesi, amortismana tabi tutulması ve yapılması gereken diğer işlemler ile ilgili uygulamalar açıklanmış ve uygulama örnekleri verilmiştir.Çalışmada literatür taraması ile sonuca ulaşılarak monografi yöntemi ile uygulama yapılmıştır. Aynı zamanda, maddi olmayan duran varlık kavramı içinde yer alan kalemler incelendiğinde, çalışmanın, ekonomiye yüksek katma değer kazandıracak unsurları içerdiği ve bunların üzerinde önemle durulması gerektiği görülmüştür.

Determining the value of inventions in technology transfer in Vietnam: Legal perspectives and recommendations

An invention is a form of intangible asset. When approached from an economic perspective, an intangible asset is a term used to refer to non-physical resources and has value for patent holders. Therefore, determining the value of an invention is an important step in the commercialisation of intangible assets such as technology transfer, capital contribution to businesses, etc. Vietnam has promulgated a system of legal documents on the valuation of intangible assets, but there is no separate regulation on determining the value of inventions, so in practice, it has encountered certain limitations in the application of these legal provisions. This article analyses the limitations of Vietnamese law on determining the value of inventions and proposes solutions to overcome them.

Accounting for the recognition of intangible assets and the results of their valuation and revaluation

Subject. This article deals with the issues of valuation and accounting of intangible assets. Objectives. The article aims to disclose the organizational, methodological, and technical aspects of accounting for intangible assets and develop methodological recommendations for accounting for the results of revaluation of the value of intangible assets in accounts of organizations. Methods. For the study, we used analysis and synthesis, modeling, abstraction, etc. Results. The article reveals the organizational and methodological aspects of accounting for the recognition of intangible assets, the results of their valuation and revaluation, and it substantiates the methods and technical aspects of reflecting operations based on the results of revaluation of intangible assets in accounts. Conclusions and Relevance. To ensure the objectivity and reliability of intangible asset accounting data, federal and international accounting standards should be followed, and intangible assets should be clearly classified for accounting purposes into homogeneous groups. The results of the article can be applied both in the theory and practice of financial accounting.

Understanding local community and the cultural heritage values at a World Heritage City: a grounded theory approach

The nomination of a World Heritage site generally focuses on the tangible heritage assets, and intangible heritage is given less attention in the site management. There is also a lack of awareness of the complicated relationship between tangible and intangible heritage assets, the meanings and values of the site to its local community, and the complexity of space in the World Heritage Site in the management of cultural heritage sites. This paper discusses grounded theory to investigate the relationship between local communities and their cultural heritage in George Town World Heritage Site, Malaysia. The methodology employed an ethnographic approach for the observational work and semi-structured interviews. The findings demonstrate a deep and rich knowledge of the links between the World Heritage designation and its local communities, including how local people interact and contribute meaning to the site. This study may encourage other researchers to apply grounded theory to understand social phenomena on other World Heritage Sites of similar context for heritage management purposes.

Intangible Assets and Their Impact on Economic Performance

The paper introduces the topic of intangible assets. It describes the evolution of the concept of intangible assets and the role of these assets in today’s economy. The importance of intangible assets is highlighted through many quantitative estimates of the impact that intangible assets have on economic performance. After reviewing research carried out mainly in the Western economies, the paper concentrates on the research covering the size and impact of intangible investment in the Central and Eastern European (CEE) and Balkan countries. Moreover, the focus shifts to the firm level where the management of intangible assets faces several challenges that range from identification and valuation of intangible assets to leadership of knowledge-intensive firms. Progress at all levels is to some extent hampered by the lack of adequate data, which should be addressed by establishing a standard definition and ensuring more data on intangibles within financial reporting. Bold steps should therefore be made towards better measurement of intangible investment and better use of this source of productivity growth.

Measuring Impact of Cloud Computing and Knowledge Management in Software Development and Innovation

For organizations, knowledge is a valuable intangible asset that should be obtained, preserved, shared, and applied to assist decision-making. Cloud computing and knowledge management systems bring together technology and organizational methods to help organizations manage their knowledge and enhance their performance. This work investigates how organizations adopt software development and distribution innovation models using ubiquitous computing more specifically cloud-based software services appraise knowledge management (KM) practices. A combined hybrid research model has been developed using extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) with KM practices. Series of statistical results using structural equation modeling performed on data collected through an online survey from 983 professionals working in distributed software development (DSD) and innovation worldwide are used to put hypotheses to the test. The results of the study indicate that KM practices (knowledge accessibility, storage, application, and sharing) along with TOE (complexity, compatibility, relative advantage, security, privacy and trust, and reputation) have a substantial and positive impact on the adoption of cloud-based software services. Coordination and communication concerns are the backbones of successful practicing distributed development and innovation. Furthermore, results indicate acceptance of the moderating role of geographical (cultural) difference in examining the impact of KM practices and cloud services.

Parana pine landscape and social life cycle assessment (S-LCA) supporting sustainable local development

There is a need to increase new perspectives studies and to include culture value, cultural heritage and traditional communities in balance with their environment. While Cultural Heritage has been studied for centuries, the Cultural Landscape originated new concepts. Protecting cultural landscapes contributes to maintain and increase natural values, ​​and to aggregate several tangible and intangible values. In recent years, methods of life cycle assessment, LCA and (social) S-LCA, have evolved into the analysis of products and services impacts along the value chain, allying approachs of social performance, in order to achieve sustainable development. A case study was conducted at Colônia Murici (State Paraná, Brazil), a rural agricultural community, with Polish ethnic prevalence, inserted in the historical context of european immigration at the late 19th century. It addressess the challenge of preserving their Araucaria (Paraná Pine) wooden architecture and their Cultural Landscape. The aim of this study is to present a literature review survey of S-LCA focused on Cultural Heritage, and examine interviews with specialists and community members. The study of S-LCA methodology demonstrated that the specialists and community members participation is essential, specially in stakeholders definition and in the recognition of impact subcategories. Understanding social and cultural structure, besides the commmunities engagement, is the first step for heritage management. Respecting biomes and the Araucaria Forest emerged as the most relevant subcategory. The pine image represented by Paranista Movement artists at the beginning of the 20th century became an element of regional identity and the Araucaria remains its symbolic value in the especialists evaluation. The cultural dimension is a decisive component, beside the Cultural Heritage, as necessary indicators in the establishment of goals, in monitoring sustainable local development and in supporting decision-makers.