Value Of Human Capital Research Articles

ЗНАЧЕНИЕ НА НЕКОГНИТИВНИТЕ ФАКТОРИ ЗА РАЗВИТИЕ НА ЧОВЕШКИЯ КАПИТАЛ И ИНОВАЦИИТЕ

This study analyzes the non-cognitive factors of human capital development and their impact on innovation as an organizational created value. Hypotheses are presented on the direct, positive influence of six behavioral and psychological factors on innovation. A quantitative method was used to analyze the data collected through a survey, including 204 respondents working in the IT field in Bulgaria and other countries. The results of the proposed regression model show a statistically significant relationship between non-cognitive influence factors and innovation, revealing the importance and need to consider these elements when measuring, analyzing, and investing in human capital. This research provides a clear direction for further analysis of the importance of non-cognitive factors for human capital value creation and can be of practical use to organizations in their human capital development strategies and planning.

The perspective of top management towards human capital measurement and disclosure in the Zimbabwean mining sector

Purpose: This study is set out to establish the perceptions of the Zimbabwean top management concerning the measurement and disclosure of human capital in the financial statements of listed mining companies. This study has been prompted by the fact that despite companies considering human capital as an important resource that drives value, and competitiveness and contributes to a company’s economic growth, its value remains not properly accounted for in the financial statements. This implies that human capital is not being accorded the importance it deserves in the financial statements. Methodology: This study adopted a qualitative research approach. Qualitative data were collected using semi-structured interview guides from the six largest Zimbabwean-based mining companies. The collected qualitative data was analysed through the thematic analysis process and the results established four main themes. Findings: Obtained results reveal that top management agreed that top management is of the view that human capital has a strong relationship with the value of a company and its financial performance. They also indicated that the value of a company, its competitiveness, and economic growth is largely dependent on employee competencies (skills and expertise). Recommendations: After a synthesis of results, this study suggests a context-based framework offering human capital metrics for enhancing its measurement and disclosure practices. This will help to provide a better valuation of human capital in the financial statements and also various stakeholders will be able to derive useful information for decision-making. Managerial Implications: The study gives more insight into the major roles played by the phenomenon in the achievement of companies’ strategic objectives which include value creation among others. Furthermore, it provides a better internal understanding from top management on how the companies gain competitive advantage and economic growth in the era of the fourth industrial revolution through utilisation of human capital. From the aforementioned, chances are high that the human capital reporting by the mining companies in Zimbabwe will be enhanced forthwith.

The role of endomarketing in human capital management: a study applied to the Minho Urban Quadrilateral

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to understand the importance of endomarketing in organizations and whether internal strategies are essential in the management of human capital. Especially, it is intended to understand what kind of policies is adopted in the organizations the authors are dealing with, and also the perception that employees have about them.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology adopted combines a quantitative and qualitative approach, based on documents analysis, and the survey and semi-structured interviews with questions alluding to endomarketing. The study was carried out in the (Portuguese) cities belonging to the Minho Quadrilateral, being Braga, Barcelos, Guimarães and Vila Nova de Famalicão, in which a total of five organizations are held.FindingsThe results seem to show that endomarketing has an essential role in human capital management, in particular, to obtain both individual and organizational results, where there is a mutual relationship. Of the 158 respondents that make up the sample, it was concluded that 78.5% considered the intrinsic factors related to well-being and happiness as important as the extrinsic factors related to monetary rewards.Research limitations/implicationsThe manuscript presents insights for internal marketing and human resource management (i.e. motivation and human capital). Based on the rapid and profound technological changes of the early 21st century, the concept of endomarketing emerged stimulated by globalization and by the greater concern to adopt strategies that were able to differentiate organizations in the markets.Originality/valueThis is an interdisciplinary theme, with contributions to both internal marketing and human resource management, bearing in mind to enhancing the value and well-being of organizational human capital. This study aims to contribute to the development of scientific knowledge in this area that is so relevant for growth and differentiation.

Exploring the impact of R&D intensity, human capital, patents, and brand value on business performance in small and medium enterprises (SMEs)

The study of business performance has a substantial impact on improving the internal management and economic performance of companies. By analysing the previous literature, this paper chooses to measure the factors affecting business performance at four levels, including R&D investment intensity, human capital, patents, and brand value. The purpose of the study is to find out whether these selected factors work equally well for small and medium-sized enterprises. The sample size was 846 Chinese small and medium enterprises from different industries. The firm performance indicators were ROA and ROE. The data has been collected through National Equities Exchange and Quotations platforms based on updated annual reports in 2019. Finally, a stepwise descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression were conducted and predicted the tendency of business performance. The analysis provided the linear combination of four independent variables (R&D, human capital, patents, and brand value) which are significantly related to the dependent variable (business performance). In conclusion, we found that there is a positive impact of patents and brand value on business performance. In detail, we concluded that only production and highly educated personnel show a positive influence. For R&D intensity, there is no strong connection could be observed. In practical terms, this paper allows SME firms to appreciate the importance of human capital, patents, and brand value.

A pricing formula for delayed claims: appreciating the past to value the future

We consider the valuation of contingent claims with delayed dynamics in a Samuelson complete market model. We find a pricing formula that can be decomposed into terms reflecting the current market values of the past and the future, showing how the valuation of prospective cashflows cannot abstract away from the contribution of the past. As a practical application, we provide an explicit expression for the market value of human capital in a setting with wage rigidity. The formula we derive has successfully been used to explicitly solve the infinite dimensional stochastic control problems addressed in Biffis et al. (SIAM J Control Optim 58(4):1906–1938, 2020), Djeiche et al. (Stoch Process Appl 145:48–85, 2022) and Biagini et al. (SIAM J Financial Math 13(3):1004–1039, 2022).

Reputational risks of manufacturing companies arising from a decrease in the value of human capital

The purpose of this article is to consider the features of reputational risks of manufacturing companies arising from a decrease in the value of human capital. As noted in the paper, the reputational risks of modern companies have a direct connection with its personnel technologies, as well as with the attitude towards employees and organizational culture. Today, it is impossible to simply manage employees, requiring them only to perform professional duties and not giving them the opportunity to improve their professional level or show creative professional skills. It is necessary to systematically develop human resources, responding in a timely manner to the needs of the staff, creating an atmosphere of creativity in the team, thereby contributing to the growth of business reputation and improving the efficiency of the company as a whole.

Application of the New Growth Theory to Financial Risk Management

The aim of this research was to look at certain trends in the New Growth Theory. A literature search study was done with the purpose of establishing linkages between the New Growth Theory on Financial Risk Management and other aspects of financial impacts. The findings indicate that economic development policy is affected in a number of ways by the New Growth Theory. This may include the generation of new knowledge, which is crucial for growth sustenance brought about by increasing demand for production due to an increase in the needs and wants of the population. All of the elements that encourage the formation of new knowledge, including research and development, the educational system, and entrepreneurship, require careful consideration on the part of policymakers. By attributing production growth to externalities produced by investments in human capital and technology, the new growth theory endogenizes the drivers of growth; some variations also incorporate policy variables. The new growth theories warn against overprotecting intellectual property rights, but they also suggest that in a situation where there is a significant and expanding information gap between wealthy and developing nations, some trade restrictions may be justifiable. The New Growth Theory is significantly correlated with the value of human capital, quality education, new knowledge, and the government's provision of incentives for the private sector's research and development (R&D).

Human Capital Valuation, Asset Pricing, and Economic Development

Human Capital Valuation, Asset Pricing, and Economic Development

Conceptualization and socio-economic scientific problems of inclusive education: international legislation, experience of EU and Ukraine

Introduction. The research of inclusion, development and formation of inclusive educational and training environment take place in the discourse of education and scientific, socio-economic paradigms, taking into account the international rights, freedoms and values of EU. The basis of the inclusive education development is the human-centered model, social needs, and also value of human resources and human capital, which are laid down in the EU documents and programs. The purpose: on the basis of on the basis of the analysis of studies of the conceptual features of the development of inclusive education, international legislation and cases of the formation and development of inclusive education, identify practical value and develop recommendations for the development of inclusive institutions in the discourse of the development of international law and international economy, cases of international institutions, as well as in the context of the economic efficiency of preservation human capital. Methods. The methods of analysis, synthesis, sampling and mathematical calculations of the development effectiveness of human capital in conditions of inclusion were used in the study. The results. In the context of the inclusive education, inclusive learning, scientifically based theoretical and practical resources for learning and teaching development, in which the main focus is aimed at the development of inclusive educational environment in the discourse of international cases and initiatives, are analyzed. Socio-economic and financial-psychological mechanisms of inclusive institutions of professional pre-higher and higher education of national importance socialization are revealed, which is a process of active, therefore selective, coordinated with the system of own needs and values in the field of economy, internalization of economic social values, the process of active involvement of the student as of an individual into the system of educational and scientific and socio-economic relations.

Human capital: valuation and management

The article considers approaches to the assessment of human capital taking into account the concept of value-oriented corporate management, which has become the methodological basis of the study. The tools of synthetic and analytical accounting in accordance with RAS and the tax legislation of the Russian Federation were used to disclose the content and comprehension of the studied financial notions. The methods of relative values of economic analysis, quantitative methods of evaluation, cost-based (property), revenue and market (comparative) approaches are used in relation to determining the value of human capital. A more specific definition of the human capital utilization coefficient and quantitative estimates of individual human capital, goodwill of human capital are proposed. A universal methodology has been developed for assessing human capital in proportion to the business qualities and labor contribution of employees to the capitalization of the enterprise and the increase in its value. The proposed methodology integrates revenue, cost-based (property) and market approaches. The quantitative relationship between the goodwill of individual human capital and the goodwill of the entire enterprise is revealed. For practitioners in the field of business valuation, researchers in the development of value-oriented corporate management, teachers and students of economics in the study of financial methods of corporate valuation.

Educational and Innovative Elements of Human Capital and Their Impact on Economic Growth

Human capital is an important factor for economic growth and the development of so-cio-economic systems. However, the appropriate expression of the value of human capital, the mecha-nism and its impact on economic development are still under discussion. It is hypothesised that there is a relationship between human capital and economic growth. To test this hypothesis, data on the group of Visegrad (V4) countries for the period 2000–2019 was analysed. The study examines the presence of a causal link between some attributes of human capital and economic growth and the conditions, un-der which its positive effects can be expected based on statistical methods. It also deals with the role and the applicability of some of its characteristics to express the impact of human capital on economic growth. The model revealed a positive, statistically significant relationship between gross domestic prod-uct per capita and the innovative capacity of human capital and the qualifications of employees. The im-pact of tools for human capital creation and development extends over a longer period and is reduced by the simultaneous action of other labour market factors. Currently, economies are affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. Corresponding changes are also noticeable in the way work is done, with more weight on the home office. It will be interesting to examine how this transformation will affect economic growth. The changes in the position of employees and the care of companies for human capital are also a good topic for further research that can be conducted every few years.

IMPACT OF NATIONAL HUMAN CAPITAL ON POPULATION MIGRATION ACTIVITY

The article evaluates the national human capital as a factor in the migration activity of the population. For the study, data were taken from open international and national databases Ukraine, Republic of Moldova, the Russian Federation, Republic of Belarus, Republic of Poland. The assessment of the value of human capital was carried out using the indicators-based approach. All data were divided into four groups. Two groups characterize the costs of human capital formation (intelligence, knowledge and health). The other two groups characterize the conditions for obtaining income from human capital (implementation of high-quality economic production; quality of life). Based on the collected data, a cluster analysis was carried out. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the factors that characterize the conditions for receiving income from human capital have the greatest influence on migration. The research was carried out until February 24, 2022. Therefore, they can become the basis for studying the migration activity of the population in the new military-economic and political realities.

Pengaruh Intellectual Capital Terhadap Profitabilitas Dalam Perspektif Syariah

The stability of the company's operating system is an essential assessment of excellence in maintaining the company's economy. The success of a company can be seen from the profitability ratio. This research aims to show the effect of intellectual capital factors on profitability from a sharia perspective. This type of research is descriptive quantitative using panel data regression. The research population is manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2016-2020 period. The sampling technique used purposive sampling in order to obtain 50 observational data. The results showed that value-added capital employed (VACA) negatively and significantly affected profitability. Value-added human capital (VAHU) and structural capital value added (STVA) positively and significantly affect profitability. Simultaneously intellectual capital has a significant effect on profitability. Activities and ways of managing companies related to intellectual capital and profitability follow sharia principles. This research can be used as a reference in evaluating aspects of intellectual capital in order to be able to make an optimal contribution to company performance following sharia principles.

Evaluation of the Human Capital of the Enterprise: Problems and Solutions

Measuring the value of human capital (HC) of an enterprise is traditionally, on the one hand, the key task of managing the human resources potential of a business, and on the other hand, it is a difficult task that has not found its correct solution yet. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to develop an approach that allows us to rank the methods for measuring the HC of an enterprise in terms of reliability of the obtained results. To achieve this goal, a methodological approach was used, based on a comparative analysis of existing practices for measuring HC, grouping these procedures according to key features, and followed by ranking the formed groups based on parameters that determine the adequacy of the estimates obtained.As the analysis has shown, it is advisable to use the features of the indicators used for calculation as criteria for typing existing methods for measuring HC. These characteristics included the following options for initial data: investment; current indicators; return on investment. In order to determine the methods that provide the best reliability of the obtained results, such methods were distributed on the basis of features that characterize the reliability of the primary data. As a result, we formed an approach that made it possible to rank typical methods for assessing the value of the enterprise’s HC from the standpoint of the reliability of displaying the area under study, which distinguishes this method from other existing procedures. At the end of the work, the ways to increase the HC of an enterprise are proposed, taking into account the preferences of active workers, in particular, and their attention to ensuring the wellbeing of employees by the employer.

Cost of illness in a super-aged society—comparison of breast, lung, and prostate cancer in Japan

BackgroundAging increases the disease burden because of an increase in disease prevalence and mortality among older individuals. This could influence the perception of the social burden of different diseases and treatment prioritization within national healthcare services. Cancer is a disease with a high disease burden in Japan; however, the age-specific frequency and age-specific mortality rates differ according to site. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between the aging of the Japanese society and the disease burden by comparing the features of three cancers with different age-specific frequency rates in Japan. Furthermore, we made projections for the future to determine how the social burden of these cancers will change.MethodsWe calculated the social burden of breast, lung, and prostate cancers by adding the direct, morbidity, and mortality costs. Estimates were made using the cost of illness (COI) method. For future projections, approximate curves were fitted for mortality rate, number of hospital admissions per population, number of outpatient visits per population, and average length of hospital stay according to sex and age.ResultsThe COI of breast, lung, and prostate cancers in 2017 was 903.7, 1,547.6, and 390.8 billion yen, respectively. Although the COI of breast and prostate cancers was projected to increase, that of lung cancer COI was expected to decrease. In 2017, the average age at death was 68.8, 76.8, and 80.7 years for breast, lung, and prostate cancers, respectively.ConclusionsPatients with breast cancer die earlier than those with other types of cancer. The COI of breast cancer (“young cancer”) was projected to increase slightly because of an increase in mortality costs, whereas that of prostate cancer (“aged cancer”) was projected to increase because of an increase in direct costs. The COI of lung cancer (“aging cancer”) was expected to decrease in 2020, despite the increase in deaths, as the impact of the decrease in human capital value outweighed that of the increase in deaths. Our findings will help prioritize future policymaking, such as cancer control research grants.

Influence of Livelihood Capital of Rural Reservoir Resettled Households on the Choice of Livelihood Strategies in China

The livelihood capital of resettled households is an important factor that affects their choice of livelihood strategies. The relationship between the two can help to transform the livelihood behavior of resettled households aiming to achieve sustainable livelihoods. Based on survey data of livelihoods of the Wuxikou Water Control Project, the logistic regression model was used to analyze the influence of livelihood capital on the choice of livelihood strategies. The results showed the following: (1) The five categories of livelihood capital values were generally not high. The value of human capital was the highest (0.480), while the value of natural capital was the lowest (0.362). (2) Natural and financial capital have significant effects on the choice of an agricultural-oriented livelihood strategy, in which natural capital has a positive effect and financial capital has a negative effect. Social and financial capital have a significant positive effect on the choice of a migrant-oriented livelihood strategy. Human and physical capital have significant positive effects on the choice of a part-time balanced livelihood strategy. (3) Decisive factors are used to promote transformation from agriculture-oriented to migrant-oriented, mostly comprising education level and interpersonal communication, among other indicators. The important factors used to promote transformation from agriculture-oriented to part-time balanced are mainly labor force quantity and total family income, among other indicators. Finally, on the basis of the above findings, context-specific policies are proposed from the observations of livelihood capital and livelihood strategies, such as upgrading the level of human capital by category, reconstructing the social capital network in multiple forms, and diversifying and broadening financial capital channels.

Building organisational resilience capability in small and medium‐sized enterprises: The role of high‐performance work systems

AbstractAlthough organisational resilience is crucial to small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in turbulent business environments, research has yet to establish whether and how human resource management (HRM) systems can help build an SME's organisational resilience to influence firm performance. Drawing on the perspective of HRM as an internal capability builder and human capital resource theory, we develop a model that depicts how high‐performance work systems (HPWSs) build organisational resilience capabilities in the forms of bounce‐back and bounce‐forward resilience, leading to firm performance. We test our model using data from 1140 participants (including top management team members, middle‐level managers, and entry‐level employees) from 177 Nigerian SMEs. The structural equation modelling results show that HPWSs contribute to bounce‐back resilience via human capital value but to bounce‐forward resilience via both human capital value and heterogeneity. We also find that bounce‐forward resilience is related to firm performance but bounce‐back resilience is not.

The Impact of Chinese Carbon Emissions Trading System on Efficiency of Enterprise Capital Allocation: Effect Identification and Mechanism Test

The carbon emission trading system, as a significant policy instrument to ensure the Chinese economy achieves a green and low carbon transition, will also affect economic enterprise efficiency. This paper takes listed enterprises in a Chinese carbon trading pilot from 2011 to 2020 as research samples, constructs a multi-period differential model, and explores the impact of Chinese the carbon emission trading system on enterprise capital allocation efficiency. We find that the Chinese carbon emission trading system effectively improves the capital allocation efficiency of enterprises, which is more significant in enterprises with light pollution intensity and strong regional environmental regulation. Further analysis shows that the carbon emission trading system can improve the efficiency of enterprise capital allocation by improving the efficiency of working capital management and asset operation efficiency, while the path of human capital value is not established. Carbon trading market activity and government efficiency play a positive moderating role in the impact of the carbon emission trading system on enterprise capital allocation efficiency. The higher carbon trading market activity and government efficiency, the stronger the relationship between them. The above conclusions provide empirical evidence for the microeconomic effects of the Chinese carbon emission trading system, and also provide a useful reference for the government to implement carbon trading according to local conditions and improve the efficiency of enterprise capital allocation.

Multidimensional perspective of social capital and quality of financial decision on corporate value: The case of Pakistan

The study analyzes the impact of social and human capital on the corporate value of Pakistani enterprises listed on the stock exchange. The research specifically focused on Pakistan firms operating in the manufacturing sector. It assesses the moderating effect of QOFDP between social capital (SC) and human capital (HC) on corporate value. A quantitative analysis approach is applied to the primary data collected through a close-ended survey questionnaire from 600 supply chain employees of Pakistan manufacturing industry. Results were used to construct a quantitative inquiry approach for the primary data. The association and impact of Social capital (SC) on the corporate value of manufacturing enterprises were found to be statistically significant, and it was also shown that Quality of financial decision and policy making (QOFDP) acted as a moderator between HC and corporate value. The moderating of QOFDP was exclusive to SC and HC, although all factors indicating SC (i.e., internal, and external network of social capital) and human capital (HC) affected company value positively and considerably. In light of the above findings, it has been advised that Pakistani manufacturing companies participate in rational financial decision-making to increase business sustainability and corporate value. However, this study is limited to the manufacturing industry in Pakistan and cannot be applied to other industries or nations.

The assetization of baseball players: Instrumentalizing promise with signing bonuses and human capital contracts

The idea that humans can be assets because their skills and work are resources that create value has been at the core of a long-standing concern among accounting scholars. This paper explores how minor league baseball players experience being considered assets and how they decide to partake in their assetization. Drawing on a range of data sources–59 interviews, archival material, and work experience–this study offers a voice to the assetized subject, and highlights that being an asset is a desired status. Assetization is a value-enhancing experience that depends on the adherence to a promise. Our results also show that financial instruments such as human capital contracts can be promissory mechanisms allowing assetized subjects to enhance their human capital value and assume the dual role of investee-investor, which further conditions an enactment of the entrepreneur of the self.