Export Value Research Articles

Export Potential Index for Textile Industry (EPIT) model proposal with structural equation modelling and application

PurposeThe aim of this study is to develop a new multidimensional index to measure export potential of textile firms by using firm-level data.Design/methodology/approachAfter a conceptual model, a structural equation model is developed with five dimensions and 27 observed variables based on resource-based view theory. The measurement model is solved by Linear Structural Relations (LISREL) with maximum likelihood algorithm by using data collected from 454 textile firms in Türkiye.FindingsIn this study, a new multidimensional index that measures export potential of textile firms is developed. With the proposed model, the export potential of textile firms can be calculated numerically with the five dimensions: Resources, Dynamism, Knowledge, Innovation and Sustainability. The comparison of the output of the proposed model with the control variable, firm’s actual export values, shows a significantly high success ratio of 90.76%.Research limitations/implicationsThe model is applicable for textile firms at different export levels, regions and sub-sectors. The Export Potential Index for Textile Industry model is verified by using Turkish textile industry data. The robustness of the model may be increased by verifying the model by using some other countries data. This model can be implemented to other industrial sectors with some modification of the dimensions and variables.Practical implicationsThe proposed model will contribute to the firms by calculating their export potential in five dimensions with their own variables numerically. The model will help firms to develop strategies to increase their export potential and to the governmental and industrial organizations to develop incentives policies.Originality/valueThis paper fills the gap in the literature by proposing a multidimensional index that determines a firm’s export potential numerically by using firm-level data.

Comparison of K-Means and K-Medoids Clustering Algorithms for Export and Import Grouping of Goods in Indonesia

International relations affect the economic growth of each country, which can affect the economic growth of each country. As a result, global economic growth is necessary, which means that the global economy has a greater capacity to produce goods and services. Exports and imports are very important to drive economic growth. but if exports and imports are not balanced, it will have a bad impact if the value of imports is greater than exports, export prices abroad will definitely fall. An analysis comparing export and import categories is needed to determine which goods are most imported and exported in Indonesia in 2021-2023. This study uses a quantitative methodology and machine learning methods, namely k-means and k-medoids algorithms. These two methods will be compared to determine which is the most effective for export and import data of goods in Indonesia in 2021-2023. The results of the study were obtained by K-Means more effectively in handling data on the grouping of exports and imports of goods in Indonesia in 2021-2023. The dataset shows the results of the evaluation of K-Means using DBI of 0.59, while the results of the evaluation using K-Medoids show a result of 1.7868. Because the evaluation value of K-Means has low computing performance compared to K-Medoids. The largest amount of the value and weight of exports and imports of goods in Indonesia is in C1 where in the HS code [27], namely Mineral fuels with a total export value of goods in 2021 to 2023 of 134,999,470,522 US$ and a total import value of 113,714,568,740 US$. Meanwhile, the total export weight of goods from 2021 to 2023 in mineral fuel goods is 1,505,006,250,327 Kg or around 1,658,985,413 tons and the total import weight is 186,446,782,134 Kg or around 205,522,397 tons.

Analysis of Competitiveness and Efficiency the Export of Essential Oils from Indonesia

This study analyzes the competitiveness, efficiency, and factors influencing Indonesia's essential oils exports using the Stochastic Frontier Gravity Model (SFGM). The main variables examined include Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), population, exchange rate, and geographical distance. The findings indicate that Indonesian essential oils are highly competitive in international markets, particularly in France, Spain, and Switzerland. Significant factors affecting export value include the real GDP of the destination country, RCA, population, exchange rate, and geographical distance. Additionally, inefficiency factors are influenced by area, language, business freedom, investment freedom, and financial freedom. Export efficiency is categorized into five levels. This study provides empirical insights into the impact of economic and non-economic factors on the export performance of Indonesian essential oils, offering valuable implications for policymakers and industry stakeholders to enhance global competitiveness and efficiency.

PRODUCTION AND EXPORT OF BERRIES IN MEXICO’S AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT: A STUDY OF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE

The production and marketing of fruits and vegetables is one of the most important economic activities for agricultural development in Mexico. The group of berries, including raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.), strawberry (Fragaria spp.), blackberry (Rubus ulmifolius Schott), and blueberry (Vaccinium spp.), has positioned Mexico among the main exporting countries of these products, where the value of exports has maintained a growing trend in recent decades. The index of revealed comparative advantage (VCR) identifies countries that have a competitive advantage over others in a given product and compares competitive trends in the same market. The objective of this study was to determine Mexico’s competitive advantage in the production and export of berries under the hypothesis that there is a positive index of revealed comparative advantage in the export of berries. The VCR and the trade openness index were computed by examining the historical trends in berry production and its involvement in both domestic and international markets. The value and volume of berry production have increased significantly since 2010, which places Mexico among the three main producing countries. It is notable that the trade openness of the Mexican agricultural sector has increased during the period 2001–2019. In addition, a comparative advantage has been demonstrated in strawberry exports, which positions Mexico as one of the main exporters of this product and represents an important competitive position in world trade since berry exports exceed imported volumes. Therefore, Mexico has a positive and growing comparative advantage, which makes it competitive with the leading countries in the production and export of berries.

Assessing the Current Status of Vietnam's Coffee Exports in the Period 2014-2023 in the Global Coffee Value Chain

Vietnam has favorable geographical location and weather to grow and develop robusta coffee varieties. Vietnam's production area is more than 95% of robusta coffee output out of a total planting area of 600,000 hectares. In 2022, coffee productivity will reach about 28.2 tons/1 hectare, reaching the highest level since 2005, according to Department of Crop Production data. The robusta coffee variety in Vietnam is also considered the best coffee variety in the world. Therefore, according to statistics from the Vietnam Commodity Exchange, in 2023, Vietnam will be the country with the world's highest robusta coffee export value, accounting for 36% of the total global coffee export value, followed second by Brazil with 28%. In 2021, Vietnam ranks 5th globally, with coffee exports reaching 2.35 billion USD. In 2022, Vietnam exported 1.68 million tons of coffee, but the turnover reached only about 3.9 billion USD. Of these, 82% of Vietnam's coffee is exported raw (mainly Robusta), valued at 2.9 billion USD. In contrast, the export turnover of Arabica coffee is only 260 million USD for decaffeinated coffee. 76.9 million USD and roasted, ground-illat coffee worth 598 million USD. Colombia and Switzerland have a small amount of coffee exported, but the value is high thanks to the quality and coffee brands that the country has built. Vietnam's coffee exports set a new record with a turnover of 4.24 billion USD in 2023. Just past the beginning of the new year, Robusta coffee prices continue to record many new peaks. With this advantage, the coffee industry has a solid foundation for its export goal in 2024.

LEGAL REFORM TARGETING THE CUBAN ECONOMY LED BY MIGUEL DÍAZ-CANEL: CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE PRIVATE ECONOMIC SECTOR AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT POLICY REFORMS

Since becoming the president of Cuba, Miguel Díaz-Canel has carried out many reforms to revive the Cuban economy, which has suffered from illness for many years. Díaz-Canel's management measures and constitutional reforms aim to rebuild the economy, strengthen internal resources to recover and develop key economic sectors, and increase the export value of goods. This is evident in Cuba's current financial landscape. The article’s objective is to review the Cuban economy before Miguel Díaz-Canel presidency, analyze changes in legal policies for the private economic sector, and Policy reforms on foreign direct investment and international cooperation. Therefore, the article indicates the reforms aim to eliminate obstacles to economic progress, foster international economic collaboration, and attract foreign investments under Miguel Diaz-Canel's leadership.

Modeling Multi-Output Back-Propagation DNN for Forecasting Indonesian Export-Import

Introduction/Main Objectives: International trade through the mechanisms of exports and imports plays a significant role in the Indonesian economy, making the timely availability of export and import value data crucial. Background Problems: Export and import values are influenced by inflation and exchange rate factors. Novelty: This study identifies two categories of variables, namely output (export value and import value) and input (inflation rate and the exchange rate of the Rupiah against the US Dollar). Research Methods: the research approach utilizes a Multi-output Deep Neural Network (DNN) with a Back-propagation algorithm to model the input-output relationship. The method can provide forecasting results for two or more bivariate or multivariate output variables. Finding/Results: The modeling analysis results indicate that the optimal model network structure is DNN (3.4). This model successfully predicts output 1 (export value) and output 2 (import value) with Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) rates of 13.76% and 13.63%, respectively. Additionally, the forecasting results show predicted export and import values for November to be US$ 16,208.13 billion and US$ 15,105.33 billion, respectively. These findings offer important insights into the direction of Indonesia's international trade movement, which can serve as a basis for future economic decision-making.

Improving Indonesia's export competitiveness through human capital investments

This research was conducted to analyze the influence of education investment, health investment, HDI, and labor productivity on Indonesian exports of goods and services simultaneously or partially. This type of research is quantitative research. The samples in this research are an investment in education, investment value in health, HDI, labor productivity, and the value of Indonesian exports using time series data from 1994 to 2023. Analysis is used to calculate directly the magnitude of the influence of investment value in education, investment value in the health sector, HDI, labor productivity as the independent variable, and the value of Indonesian exports as the dependent variable. The findings in this research are that the investment value variables in the education sector and the investment value in the health sector have no significant effect on the value of Indonesian exports. The variable value of the Human Development Index and the value of Indonesian labor productivity have a positive and significant effect on the value of Indonesian exports. Meanwhile, in the simultaneous test of independent variables, the investment value of the education sector, the investment value of the health sector, the value of the Human Development Index, and the productivity of Indonesian labor have a positive and significant effect on the value of Indonesian exports.

The use of the joint simultaneous integration methodology to measure the impact of certain macroeconomic variables on the GDP: ARDL model

Purpose. The objective of this study is to analyse the evolution of public expenditure, exports, imports, and gross domestic product (GDP) in Algeria over the past four decades (1980–2022). It aims to measure the impact of each of these macroeconomic variables (public expenditure, imports, and exports) on GDP during the study period, in the long and short term. Additionally, the study intends to identify the most significant economic variables influencing GDP in Algeria by constructing an econometric model (autoregressive model) based on economic theory and previous studies. These variables are considered the driving force and effective activator for improving GDP. Results. The findings obtained using the ARDL bounds testing approach for cointegrated time series revealed the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between the independent variables (public expenditure, imports, exports) and the dependent variable (GDP). In the short run, most of the model variables were statistically significant, indicating their influence in explaining GDP. This allows us to conclude that there is a dynamic relationship between the model variables in Algeria during the study period. Additionally, the error correction coefficient was statistically significant at the 5 % level, while the speed of adjustment to equilibrium was 0.8828. Scientific novelty. Research in this field continues to provide new insights into the dynamic relationship between these important economic factors. While this topic has been explored in previous studies, our research distinguishes itself by examining the collective impact of public expenditure, imports, and exports on GDP. This study establishes a direct link between these variables and GDP. Modern studies emphasise the significance of the composition of public expenditure in determining its impact on GDP. Additionally, several studies have demonstrated the influence of exports and imports on GDP. Imports play a crucial role in enhancing production efficiency and reducing costs within the economy. The current study addresses the gap in previous research by simultaneously examining public expenditure, imports, and exports as independent variables, considering both the pre- and post-Algerian economic reforms period. Practical value. This study contributes to understanding economic growth trajectories and how various economic components impact GDP. By analysing the influence of public expenditure, exports, and imports on economic growth, the study offers significant added value. It empowers policymakers at the macroeconomic level to leverage these findings in formulating and implementing effective economic policies that can enhance GDP, thereby promoting economic growth and improving living standards through the management of the study variables such as public expenditure, export values, and imports.

Effectiveness of Use of UV Lamp in Disinfection of Additioned Vaname Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Cultivation Media Bacteria Vibrio Harveyi

One of the most promising fisheries products in Indonesia is vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), which is also a top export comodity. From year to year the value of shrimp exports and production continues to increase. However, vaname shrimp are susceptible to bacterial and viral attacks, so countermeasures are needed, one of which is by disinfecting the cultivation media using a UV lamp. The aims of this research is to determine the level of effectiveness of UV lamps in disinfection of cultivation media. Experimental methodology with a completely randomized plan (RAL) is the method used in this research, with 4 trials and 3 replications. The results of the research conducted showed that UV lamps were able to reduce the total bacterial count to 4.69 x 108 CFU/mL at UV lamp 41 watt, reduce the total Vibrio bacteria to 30.33 x 106 CFU/mL at UV lamp 41 watt, increase the THC value to 8.83 x 106 CFU/mL cells/ml at P4, hyaline cells range from 31% – 54.67%, granulocyte cell values ​​range from 29.33% – 42%, semigranulocyte cells range from 16% – 27%, the highest AF value at P4 is 32.19%, and the lowest in P1 was 79.69%. Based on the findings, it is possible to conclude that UV lights can be used as a disinfectant of cultivation media, but the right dose or light power is needed to get maximum results.

DETERMINANTS OF EXTERNAL ECONOMIC SECURITY OF UKRAINE IN 2010-2022

Objective. The objective of the present study is to analyze the level of economic security in general and foreign economic security of Ukraine in 2010-2021, in particular, to identify disincentive factors and stimulators of foreign economic security in 2010-2022. Methods. The following methods and techniques of cognition are applied: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction (to justify the complementary relationship between economic and foreign economic security), analysis of series of dynamics (to identify the state and trends inherent in indicators of economic and foreign economic security of Ukraine), tabular (for visual presentation of factual data on the level and dynamics of economic and foreign economic security of Ukraine in 2010-2021 and 2010-2022, respectively ). Results. On the basis of the conducted study of the level of economic security in general and external economic security of Ukraine in 2010-2021, in particular, it is determined that during the period under the analysis, the level of economic security of Ukraine was on average 40%, foreign economic security – 35%, which corresponds to a dangerous state. At the same time, foreign economic security is proposed to be considered as the state of protection of the country's national economic interests in the field of foreign economic relations, which is based on the country's ability to ensure sustainable economic growth and increase the welfare of the population in the long term; protect their national resources and markets from external threats; influence world economic processes and defend their interests in the international arena. It is identified that the factors stimulating foreign economic security of Ukraine in 2010-2022 were: high level of openness of the economy; the specifics of export-import operations – the value of exports significantly exceeded the value of imports, a high level of focus on one geographical direction was observed – one foreign trade partner, one product; low level of processing of goods and specialization in trade in raw goods with a low level of processing; low level of utilization of the transit capacities of the gas transportation and oil transportation system; sufficiently high level of import dependence; insufficient level of diversification of the economy. It is determined that despite the lack of factors stimulating the country's foreign economic security during 2010-2022, the following positive trends are observed during this period: decrease in the openness of the national economy, decrease in the level of foreign trade dependence of Ukraine on leading partner countries, decrease in the level of dependence on export volumes countries from the leading product (product group).

Increasing Selling Value of Processed Shrimp Products Using Strategies Developed by Six Sigma and Human Factor Integration

The export value of the Indonesian fisheries sector, including the shrimp industry, increases every year. Effective and efficient production processes are needed to maintain product quality, ensuring business sustainability. This study aims to determine the potential causes of shrimp product failure and provide improvement recommendations. The case study is one of the shrimp export industries in East Java, with the stretching process of shrimp sizes of 26-30, 2LX, L OIE, and 2L OIE. The results showed that size 26-30 had the most considerable defect per million opportunities (DPMO), with a value of 574,948 and a sigma value of 1.31. The cause of product defects with the highest risk priority number (RPN) is low labor motivation. The calculations using Herzberg's Theory show that the wage issue has the lowest value of 3.38. A SWOT analysis was then conducted to design a business strategy. The result shows that the company's position was in Quadrant 3, meaning it needs to change its strategy. The focus group discussions (FGDs) resulted in four recommendations, with a change in the wage scheme receiving the highest alternative weight evaluation value of 0.385.

Forecasting Model of Export and Import Value of Oil and Gas Using Gated Recurrent Unit Method

Forecasting Model of Export and Import Value of Oil and Gas Using Gated Recurrent Unit Method

DETERMINANTS OF INDONESIA’S TRADE BALANCE : A VECM MODEL APPROACH

Trade Balance is the main indicator in external competitiveness. The condition of the trade balance in Indonesia tends to experience unbalanced conditions every year, so this study aims to see the relationship between the variables of Exchange Rate, FDI and GDP to the Trade Balance in Indonesia. The data used is a time series for 43 years (1980-2022) using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) method to analyze the relationship and response between variables in the term short and long term. Short-term results show that the Exchange Rate, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) do not affect the surplus or deficit of Indonesia's Trade Balance. While in the long run, Exchange Rate appreciation has a negative effect on the Trade Balance, the amount of FDI has a positive impact on the Trade Balance, and the amount of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) affects the deficit in the Trade Balance. The use of monetary policy can help stab ilize exchange rates, increase exports through increased foreign investment, maintain the value of exports, and reduce trade deficits. Rephrase

Iron nutritional efficiency, cycling and export in oil palm cultivated at different ages

Iron (Fe) plays a fundamental role in the nutrition of plants, yet its role in oil palm remains understudied. This study aims to unlock the role of Fe by analyzing its cycling and export different stages of oil palm tree growth. The experiment was conducted in Thailand, Pará State (Brazil), in a dystrophic Yellow Ferralsol, in a split-block, with four replications and seven treatments (plant age; 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8). The concentration, accumulation, recycling, immobilization, and export of Fe were evaluated, in addition to Fe use efficiency, in all plant organs. Analysis of variance (p < 0.05) was carried out on the results and regression model adjustments. The concentration and accumulation of Fe in the stem was greatest at the eighth year of the plants, and the fruit had higher Fe export values in the eighth year of the oil palm as well. As plants aged, the Fe concentration, accumulation, export, and use efficiency increased. Oil palm accumulates and immobilizes more Fe in its organs than it exports, a fact that contributes to the cycling and nutrition of the Fe in the plant. This research paves the way for future studies to explore how Fe can be optimized in oil palm trees to unlock their full potential.

Surface sanitation as a recommended treatment for preventing fungal infection and extending the shelf life of watermelon

Watermelon ranks fifth in Malaysian fruit production after coconut, durian, banana and pineapple. Its export value has increased significantly at 6.2%, from 60 thousand MT (2018) to 64 thousand MT. Losses happen throughout the supply chain, especially during the production and logistic process. The watermelon supply chain involves one- or twotier supply chain, which comprises movement from producers, wholesalers, retailers and final users. A preliminary survey had been conducted to estimate the postharvest losses percentage along the supply chain. The total postharvest loss for watermelon in Malaysia was high at 33%, with losses at the collection centre accumulating the highest percentage (56%). This high loss needs to be addressed as it will affect the farmers’ income and lead to an increase in food waste in the agriculture sector. A study on sanitation treatment to reduce fungal infection and extend the shelf life of watermelon was conducted. Sanitation treatments consisted of dipping the watermelon fruit in water treated with 250 ppm sodium hypochlorite for 30 seconds (Treatment 1) and spraying the peduncle with 250 ppm propiconazole fungicide (Treatment 2). Unsanitized fruit was set as control (Treatment 3). Results showed that sanitized watermelon samples (dipped in sodium hypochlorite or sprayed with propiconazole) rated acceptable until four weeks of storage at the ambient temperature of 27°C. Unsanitized fruit was infected with mould and thus rated as poor. Biochemical properties were not affected by sanitation treatment. In conclusion, sanitation using 250 ppm sodium hypochlorite or 250 ppm propiconazole helps slow down the fungal infection and extends the shelf life of watermelon fruit up to four weeks. This sanitation treatment is recommended to be included in the watermelon postharvest handling procedure to maintain good quality, reduce losses and expand the market for domestic and export.

Indonesia's Rubber Exports to the United States

Rubber is one of Indonesia's leading plantation commodities exported to various countries, one of Indonesia's natural rubber market destinations is the United States. Based on data from the trade map, the export value of Indonesian natural rubber in the US market is in first place with an average value of 1,158,164 USD. The purpose of this study is to analyze the trend of Indonesian rubber exports to the United States and to analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian rubber in the United States. The data used is secondary data from 2013-2022. The analysis method used is trend analysis to determine the trend of export development and Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) analysis to analyze competitiveness. The results showed that the trend of Indonesia's natural rubber export volume decreased every year. RCA shows an average value of 67.856 which means that Indonesian natural rubber has a comparative advantage and strong competitiveness in the American market.

The Role of Clusters in Managing Technological Challenges and Achieving Resilient Agri-Food Systems at the Global Level

Abstract There is a strong need to transform agriculture from its heavy dependence on staple crops to an increased production that can, on the one hand, address the needs and quality requirements of domestic and export markets, but also grow into a resilient agri-food system. The paper acknowledges the emergence of agro-clusters as an essential element in promoting sustainable agriculture practices and in supporting export performance. The main objective of our research is to investigate the role of clusters in promoting knowledge transfer, improve competitiveness and boost technological investments through the example of selected relevant agri-clusters. To extend the existing literature, our research aims to evaluate the link between export performance - measured considering the volume of trade – and the existence of agri-clusters. We have assumed that there is a strong direct relationship between the existence and stage of development of agricultural clusters, the performance of agricultural exports – expressed in terms of total value of agricultural exports - and resilient agri-food systems. To test our hypothesis, we use data from the United Nations Comtrade Database on changes in export share and value of agricultural products over the last decade, complementary with qualitative analysis based on more than 100 sources (government documents, webpages, presentations, projects) of the top five global agricultural exporters to evaluate the existence of agricultural clusters, the government support and implication, and the integration of other actors such as universities, research centers, financial institutions. The results indicate a positive correlation between the development stage of analysed agricultural clusters, the resilience of agri-food systems and the performance of agricultural exports of the country of origin.

PENGARUH SUKU BUNGA, EKSPOR, DAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI TERHADAP TINGKAT INFLASI DI INDONESIA

Inflation has always been a major concern of governments in the world, especially in developing countries like Indonesia, as an economic issue. The study aims to study how economic growth, exports, and interest rates impacted inflation rates during the period 1993-2022. Interest rates, exports, and economic growth are used as free variables, and inflation is used as bound variables. In this study, the analysis method is a double linear regression analysis. The results show that export value has a significant positive influence on inflation, while interest rates and economic growth have a significant negative influence upon inflation. Reducing aggregate economic demand, which can suppress inflationary pressures, is a way to control interest rates. To suppress inflation during economic growth, tax policies can be used to reduce public spending or raise taxes.

Aplikasi Metode Double Exponential Smoothing Holt Dengan Optimasi Golden Section Untuk Peramalan Nilai Ekspor Provinsi Kalimantan Timur

Exponential smoothing is a method of time series analysis used to forecast the future. The choice of forecasting method takes into account data patterns, such as Double Exponential Smoothing (DES) Holt is used on data that has a trend pattern, and Triple Exponential Smoothing (TES) Holt-Winters is used on trend and seasonal data. The aim of this research is to obtain the best forecasting method by optimizing the golden section on the export value of East Kalimantan Province from 2015 to 2022 and to obtain the results of forecasting the export value of East Kalimantan Province for the next 3 months using the best method by optimizing the golden section. The research results show that the parameter value using golden section optimization is for and for with a MAPE value of . Successive forecasting results in January 2023 are January 2023 is 3.503,201 million USD, February 2023 is 3.577,731 million USD, and March 2023 is 3.612,201 million USD.