Value Of Emission Research Articles

Value Relevance of Environmental Sustainability Information Disclosure

To empirically investigate the value relevance of environmental sustainability information disclosure of listed oil and gas firms in Nigeria, this study made use of Ohlson 1995 Valuation Model and a fifteen (15) year time period beginning from year 2006 to year 2020. Further, the study applied carbon emission information disclosure data as the non-financial information and hypothesized that carbon emission information disclosure is value irrelevant in Nigeria. In this study, ex-post facto and descriptive research design based on a panel data set secondarily sourced from annual financial reports of eight (8) listed oil and gas firms in Nigeria was employed. Robust least square regression analysis technique was employed to test the formulated hypotheses. Results obtained from the descriptive statistics reflects a poor carbon emission reporting situation in Nigeria. The result reveals that on average about 2% of the sampled firms disclosed information relating to carbon emission during the period under study. Specifically, the notion that investors perceive the control of carbon emission as severe cost rather than profit was established. This is due to the outcome from the regression result which suggest that stock market investors reactions towards carbon emission disclosure of oil and gas firms in Nigeria is negative. However, this study recommends that to relieve such negative consequences in the capital market, managers of oil and gas firms in Nigeria must take appropriate action to communicate their commitments and efforts genuinely and adequately around carbon reduction to investors. This study contributes to the growing field of environmental sustainability accounting, particularly from a market that is underdeveloped like Nigeria, by offering empirical evidence relating to the relevant value of carbon emission reporting with practical financial implications that will be most helpful to investors.

The value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance whole-body scans and local enhancement scans in the preoperative staging and resectability assessment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

In addition to contrast-enhanced multiphase computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), integrated positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance (MR) is increasingly being used for the preoperative evaluation of pancreatic cancer. The purpose of this study was to explore the value of hybrid 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/MR imaging in preoperative assessment and treatment decision-making. A retrospective data collection (of imaging, clinical, and pathological information) was conducted on patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET/MR with clinically diagnosed or suspected pancreatic cancer from March 2018 to March 2022 in Ruijin Hospital. The data of 76 patients were initially included, with 1 of the 76 patients eventually being excluded due to a misdiagnosis of inflammatory disease. Of the 75 patients, 38 underwent pancreatic tumor resection and 10 underwent laparoscopic exploration. The accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/MR for pancreatic cancer staging and the assessment of pancreatic resectability was evaluated based on pathological results, intraoperative findings, and documented final clinical stages of illness. The adjustments to patient treatment plans were also analyzed before and after 18F-FDG PET/MR examination. The accuracy of clinical tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging of pancreatic cancer by 18F-FDG PET/MR was 73.3% (55/75). The area under the curve (AUC) of 18F-FDG PET/MR for diagnosing the advanced stage (III-IV) versus the nonadvanced stage (I-II) of disease was 0.922 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.852-0.993]. The treatment regimen of 20.0% (15/75) of patients was impacted. The accuracy of the evaluation of the resectability of pancreatic cancer with 18F-FDG PET/MR was 91.9% (34/37). With the surgical and pathological results being used as a reference, the overall accuracy of preoperative 18F-FDG PET/MR for T staging was 62.2%, and the AUC for diagnosing T4 versus T1-3 was 0.872 (95% CI: 0.660-1.000). 18F-FDG PET/MR performs well in diagnosing advanced pancreatic cancer and thus may impact the treatment decisions for a considerable number of patients. 18F-FDG PET/MR has a high level of accuracy in evaluating the resectability of pancreatic cancer before surgery.

Diagnostic value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography over conventional imaging studies to detect malignant lesions in staging and restaging after radically treated primary and recurrent locoregional cutaneous melanoma

Introduction. Cutaneous melanoma (CM) has a high metastasizing potential and requires many imaging tests for accurate staging and restaging. As a hybrid imaging method, 18F-FDG PET/CT has the power to diagnose clinically undetected regional and distant metastatic disease with a better detection rate than conventional imaging. The aim of our study was to assess the value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in detecting different types of malignant lesions – local recurrences, regional lymph nodes (RLN), in-transit (ITM) and distant metastases (DM) after radical excision of the primary lesion or regional recurrence. Materials and methods . A retrospective analysis was performed of all patients with CM referred for 18F-FDG PET/CT for staging or after resection of locoregional recurrent disease. All patients had a combination of pre-PET/CT conventional imaging studies (CIS), including a whole body computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonography (US) of the RLN basin/s. The results from 18F-FDG PET/CT were compared with the CIS results. Results. 246 consecutive patients, aged 10-87 years were included with identification of 71 malignant lymph nodes, 4 local recurrences, 28 ITM, and 65 DM in total. The detection rate of 18F-FDG PET/CT for RLN was 84.5%, and in the diagnosis of ITM and DM, it reached a sensitivity of 100.0% with 0.7% of false positive results. Conclusions. 18F-FDG PET/CT has an invaluable role in the detection of small, clinically silent ITM and DM and has a smaller value in RLN detection. It may guide the process of selection of suspicious lesions, suitable for biopsy or further ultrasound follow-up.

Predictive value of 18F-FDG PET/CT-based radiomics model for neoadjuvant chemotherapy efficacy in breast cancer: a multi-scanner/center study with external validation.

To develop and validate the predictive value of an 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) model for breast cancer neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) efficacy based on the tumor-to-liver ratio (TLR) radiomic features and multiple data pre-processing methods. One hundred and ninety-three breast cancer patients from multiple centers were retrospectively included in this study. According to the endpoint of NAC, we divided the patients into pathological complete remission (pCR) and non-pCR groups. All patients underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging before NAC treatment, and CT and PET images volume of interest (VOI) segmentation by manual segmentation and semi-automated absolute threshold segmentation, respectively. Then, feature extraction of VOI was performed with the pyradiomics package. A total of 630 models were created based on the source of radiomic features, the elimination of the batch effect approach, and the discretization method. The differences in data pre-processing approaches were compared and analyzed to identify the best-performing model, which was further tested by the permutation test. A variety of data pre-processing methods contributed in varying degrees to the improvement of model effects. Among them, TLR radiomic features and Combat and Limma methods that eliminate batch effects could enhance the model prediction overall, and data discretization could be used as a potential method that can further optimize the model. A total of seven excellent models were selected and then based on the AUC of each model in the four test sets and their standard deviations, we selected the optimal model. The optimal model predicted AUC between 0.7 and 0.77 for the four test groups, with p-values less than 0.05 for the permutation test. It is necessary to enhance the predictive effect of the model by eliminating confounding factors through data pre-processing. The model developed in this way is effective in predicting the efficacy of NAC for breast cancer.

Study on Characteristics of Acoustic Emission b Value of Coal Rock with Outburst-Proneness under Coupled Static and Dynamic Loads

In this paper, a rock dynamic and static triaxial mechanical test system is adopted to conduct triaxial compression failure acoustic emission test on coal rock with outburst-proneness. The purpose is to study the evolution law of the acoustic emission (AE) b value of coal rock under static and dynamic load of varying frequencies. The test results show that the dynamic load disturbance will accelerate the instability failure process of coal rock, that the average stress level/ultimate strain of coal rock decline/rises correspondingly with the increasing dynamic load frequency. Moreover, the overall AE b value after dynamic load disturbance is relatively low, and the higher the dynamic load frequency, the larger the decrease in the b value. In addition, as the dynamic load frequency increases, the AE ringing count and AE energy show a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and they are negatively correlated with the evolution characteristics of the acoustic emission b value. Furthermore, the change rule of AE b value is closely related to the instability and failure process of coal rock. A second-stage of the overall b value of acoustic emission shows a “cliff jumping type” decrease dip angle or “fault cliff type” decrease dip angle indicates the imminent failure of coal rock, which can be used as an evaluation index for real-time monitoring of dynamic disasters of coal rock with outburst-proneness.

The value of preoperative positron emission tomography/computed tomography in differentiating the invasive degree of hypometabolic lung adenocarcinoma

ObjectivesTo investigate the value of preoperative positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in differentiating the invasive degree of hypometabolic lung adenocarcinoma.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the data of patients who underwent PET/CT examination, high-resolution computed tomography, and surgical resection for low-metabolism lung adenocarcinoma in our hospital between June 2016 and December 2021. We also investigated the relationship between the preoperative PET/CT findings and the pathological subtype of hypometabolic lung adenocarcinoma.ResultsA total of 128 lesions were found in 113 patients who underwent resection for lung adenocarcinoma, including 20 minimally invasive adenocarcinomas (MIA) and 108 invasive adenocarcinomas (IAC), whose preoperative PET/CT showed low metabolism. There were significant differences in the largest diameter (Dmax), lesion type, maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax), SUVindex (the ratio of SUVmax of lesion to SUVmax of contralateral normal lung paranchyma), fasting blood glucose, lobulation, spiculation, and pleura indentation between the MIA and IAC groups (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the Dmax (odds ratio (OR) = 1.413, 95% confidence interval (CI: 1.155–1.729, p = 0.001)) and SUVmax (OR = 12.137, 95% CI: 1.068–137.900, p = 0.044) were independent risk factors for predicting the hypometabolic IAC (p < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the Dmax ≥ 10.5 mm and SUVmax ≥ 0.85 were the cut-off values for differentiating MIA from IAC, with high sensitivity (84.3% and 75.9%, respectively) and specificity (84.5% and 85.0%, respectively), the Combined Diagnosis showed higher sensitivity (91.7%) and specificity (85.0%).ConclusionsThe PET/CT findings correlated with the subtype of hypometabolic lung adenocarcinoma. The parameters Dmax and SUVmax were independent risk factors for predicting IAC, and the sensitivity of Combined Diagnosis prediction is better.

Diagnostic value of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in detection of peritoneal carcinomatosis

BackgroundThe diagnosis of peritoneal carcinomatosis is challenging and can be difficult to detect with imaging, especially the detection of small-sized peritoneal lesions. The presence of peritoneal neoplastic spread alters tumour staging and is one of the most significant prognostic indicators in several malignancies, and the purpose of this study was to highlight the diagnostic value of PET/CT in detection of peritoneal carcinomatosis in patients with malignant neoplastic disease.ResultsPET/CT has 76.2% sensitivity, 88.9% specificity, 94.1% PPV, 61.5% NPV and 80% accuracy in detection of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Different patterns of FDG uptake of peritoneal carcinomatosis were found such as focal nodular uptake, diffuse abdominal uptake and liver surface focal or diffuse uptake. From all these different patterns, focal nodular uptake was the most frequent pattern. The best cut-off value of SUVmax was 5 for diagnosis.ConclusionsThe study affirms the significant role of PET/CT in the diagnosis of peritoneal carcinomatosis and its important value in the staging, management and follow-up of patients with secondary peritoneal malignancies, especially in case of unavailable or inappropriate peritoneal biopsy. Therefore, PET/CT could help reduce the number of laparotomies and a better selection of patients who are candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy.

CO2 emissions from reed litter in the air and on the soil surface in the Yellow River Delta, China

The decay of litter in the air (that is, standing litter) and on the ground is an essential process of litter decomposition for many plant species. However, the contribution of standing litter to litter decomposition (e.g., CO2 emission) is still ambiguous, especially for non-leaf litter. In this study, we examined the CO2 emission from reed litter (Phragmites communis) in coastal wetlands in the Yellow River Delta (YRD), China. The results showed that the soil litter released more CO2 than the standing litter due to its rapid loss of labile organic carbon and high enzyme activities (that is, invertase and β-glucosidase). In contrast, cumulative CO2 emissions from standing litter were equivalent to 56%–70% of those on the soil surface, indicating that CO2 emissions from standing litter cannot be ignored. The sheath litter had the highest cumulative CO2 emission per unit of dry biomass among the three types of litter. Taking into account the biomass per unit area, the non-leaf litter (that is, culm and sheath) emitted more CO2 than leaf litter. On the daily scale, the litter released more CO2 at night than in the daytime, because low air temperature and high relative air humidity at night can help dew formation, accelerating CO2 emission at night. On the seasonal scale, air temperature and relative air humidity were positively related to CO2 emission, leading to rapid CO2 emission in summer and fall. The Q10 value of CO2 emission from standing litter (an average of 1.44) was lower than that of litter on the ground (an average of 2.16) due to a low residual rate of recalcitrant organic carbon in standing litter. Our findings highlight that standing litter decomposition should not be overlooked and suggest that more attention should be paid to the decay of non-leaf litter in the coastal wetland of the YRD.

Experimental Study on the Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Fractured Granite after Repeated High Temperature-Water Cooling

Using the MTS816 rock mechanics servo tester, an acoustic emission monitoring system and high-speed digital photographic equipment, uniaxial compression tests were conducted on granite specimens containing single fracture slabs after repeated treatment (treatment times 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20) with three types of high temperature (250, 350 and 450 °C) water cooling, respectively, to analyze the basic mechanical parameters, acoustic emission change characteristics and fracture evolution of the specimens during the uniaxial compression process. It is shown that the heating temperature and the number of treatments not only have a deteriorating effect on the basic mechanical parameters of the specimens but also have an important effect on the changes in the basic parameters of acoustic emission at different compression stages. At 250 °C, the acoustic emission characteristics of the specimens at the initial tightening stage tended to decrease (N = 1 and 5 times) then, increase (N = 10 and 15 times) and then decrease (N = 20 times) as the number of treatments increased. At the same set temperature, the percentage of the bottom amplitude value of the acoustic emission of the specimen gradually decreases, and the percentage of the high amplitude value gradually increases as the number of treatments increases. After the specimen undergoes one and five treatments at 250 °C, the maximum acoustic emission energy value changes less, the maximum acoustic emission energy value decreases with the increase of treatment times in an approximately exponential function, the specimen is transformed from the brittle damage mode to the plastic damage mode and the effect of the prefabricated fracture on the damage of the specimen gradually disappears.

The prognostic value of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging is independent of left ventricular size.

Many variables have been shown to impact accuracy and prognostic power of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI); however, effects of left ventricular size have not been extensively studied. In particular, perfusion defects in smaller hearts could be overlooked due to partial volume averaging, potentially reducing the prognostic power of MPI. We determined stress total perfusion deficit (TPD) and rest end diastolic volume (REDV) from single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) MPI in consecutive patients without pathologically dilated left ventricles. Area under the curve (AUC) and Cox regression analysis were used to assess prediction of subsequent major adverse cardiac events [MACE-death, hospitalized acute myocardial infarction (AMI), hospitalized unstable angina, late revascularization]. Analyses were stratified by sex and REDV tertile. The analytic population included 2,503 patients (965 men and 1,538 women). Outcomes were assessed over an average of 6.4±2.3 years. MACE was observed in 254 (26.3%) of 965 men and 261 (17.0%) of 1,538 women. Stress TPD showed significant AUCs for stratifying MACE risk regardless of sex and REDV tertile (all P<0.05). In Cox regression analysis, increasing stress TPD (but not REDV) was associated with MACE in both men and women. There was no significant TPD*REDV interaction. In conclusion, we found the prognostic power of SPECT MPI to be independent of left ventricular size.

Could Maximum SUV be Used as Imaging Guidance in Large Lung Lesions Biopsies? Double Sampling Under PET-CT/XperGuide Fusion Imaging in Inhomogeneous Lung Uptaking Lesions to Show That it can Make a Difference.

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of positron emission computed tomography-cone beam computed tomography (PET/CT-CBCT) fusion guided percutaneous biopsy, targeted to the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and minimum standardized uptake value (SUVmin) of large lung lesions. Materials and Methods: Inside a larger cohort of PET/CT-CBCT guided percutaneous lung biopsies, 10 patients with large pulmonary lesions (diameter > 30 mm) were selected retrospectively. These patients have been subjected to double biopsy sampling respectively in the SUVmax area and in the SUVmin area of the lesion. Technical success has been calculated. For each sample, the percentage of neoplastic, inflammatory, and fibrotic cells was reported. Furthermore, the possibility of performing immunohistochemical or molecular biology investigations to specifically define the biomolecular tumor profile was analyzed. Results: Nine lesions were found to be malignant, one benign (inflammation). Technical success was 100% (10/10) in the SUVmax samples and 70% (7/10) in the SUVmin samples (P-value: .21). In the first group, higher percentages of neoplastic cells were found at pathologic evaluation, while in the second group areas of inflammation and fibrosis were more represented. The biomolecular profile was obtained in 100% of cases (9/9) of the first group, while in the second group only in 33.3% of cases (2/6), with a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (P-value: .011). Conclusion: A correlation between the standardized uptake value value and the technical success of the biopsy sample has been identified. PET/CT-CBCT guidance allows to target the biopsy in the areas of the tumor which are richer in neoplastic cells, thus obtaining more useful information for the planning of patient-tailored cancer treatments.

The value of PET/CT for cytoreductive surgery selection in recurrent ovarian carcinoma.

To evaluate the value of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in predicting no residual disease (NRD) after secondary cytoreductive surgery (SCS) compared with MSK criteria, the iMODEL, and the AGO score. We analyzed 112 patients with platinum-sensitive ovarian carcinoma who underwent SCS. We excluded patients for whom PET/CT was not performed, those without sufficient data, and who received chemotherapy before SCS. Ultimately, 69 patients were included. Variables that correlated with NRD were peritoneal carcinomatosis index (odds ratio [OR]=0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.83-0.99; p=0.044), European Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG) 0 (OR=8.0; 95% CI=1.34-47.5; p=0.022), and ≤2 lesions by PET/CT (OR=4.36; 95% CI=1.07-17.7; p=0.039). Of the patients with ≤2 lesions by PET/CT, 48 (92.3%) underwent complete SCS. The sensitivity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of PET/CT for NRD were 85.7%, 92.3%, 33.3%, and 81.2%, respectively. NRD was achieved after fulfilling the MSK criteria, iMODEL and AGO Score in 89.1%, 88.1% and 85.9%, respectively. The accuracy of the MSK criteria, iMODEL, and AGO score in predicting NRD was 87%, 83.3%, and 77.3%, respectively. The PET/CT findings agreed well with the AGO score and iMODEL. The addition of PET/CT to these models increased the NRD rates (92.2%, 91.8%, and 89.4% for MSK+PET/CT, iMODEL+PET/CT, and AGO+PET/CT, respectively), but lowered their accuracy. We observed NRD in 92.3% of patients with ≤2 lesions by PET/CT, with an accuracy of 81.2%. PET/CT did not increase the accuracy of the MSK criteria, iMODEL, or AGO score models.

Predicting physicochemical properties of melon (Cucumis melo L.) using ultrasonic technology and artificial neural network

As one of the favorite fruits widely produced and consumed in Indonesia, quality testing for melon (Cucumis melo L.) fruit is mostly done using destructive testing. To overcome this problem, this study aims to predict physicochemical quality properties of melon fruit non-destructively using ultrasonic and artificial neural network (ANN). Fifty-nine Hami melons were tested to measure the attenuation value of ultrasonic wave emission as a non-destructive variable, along with density and age. Then, destructive testing was conducted to measure physicochemical properties consisting of fruit flesh firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), pH, and vitamin C. The test data obtained were processed using ANN to acquire prediction models, with non-destructive data as input variables and each destructive data as output variable. The results showed that the prediction values were still not accurate. Reliability analysis conducted on the test data set based on R2 values (R2 ) and Normalized Root Mean Squared Error (NRMSE) values showed that the predicted values were still unreliable with R2 values that were still very low, ranging from -0.776 to 0.485, although the NRMSE value was relatively good.

Design of Coal Seam Exploitation in Methane Hazard Conditions: A Case Study

Carrying out exploitation in coal mines with a methane hazard imposes the use of special procedures and the analyses of numerous parameters in order to secure mining teams working underground. The article presents a method of coal seam exploitation design under conditions of a methane hazard for the newly prepared coal seams 404/1 and 403/1 in the years 2022 to 2030 in a coal mine in southern Poland as a case study. It primarily focuses on the preparation of the methane hazard prognosis. When adequately prepared, this is key to correctly designing the mining system in the newly opened parts of the deposit. Based on the obtained results, the appropriate methane drainage system and detection systems can be selected. The calculations led to the definition in which the longwall panel emissions of methane would be the highest. The estimates showed that, from 2022 to the beginning of 2028, even methane emissions between approximately 30 m3/min and 45 m3/min are forecast, with a significant increase for half of 2028 to a value between 57.58 m3/min and 100.00 m3/min. The highest value of methane emission was forecast for the A4 and A5 longwall panels in the 403/1 coal seam at 13.53 and 49.67 m3/min, respectively, and for the A2 and B1 longwall panels in the 404/1 seam at 41.85 m3/min and 25.46 m3/min, all with advance equal 7 m/d. Therefore, a drainage system will be required in all designed longwall panels. Considering the methane emission into the longwalls and the designed U-type ventilation, the calculated drainage effectiveness will vary between 38.3 and 40.6%. Higher effectiveness values require the application of a U-type ventilation with drainage, which allows obtaining effectiveness reaching 60.2%, with the methane emission between 20 and 30 m3/min, or even up to 62.6%, with the methane emission at the level of 30–40 m3/min. Another critical design stage is utilizing the gathered methane; the proposition is to use it in the cogeneration system. The heat generated by gas-powered engines should be used in the absorbent coolers that are used for chilling the water for the central air-conditioning system of the mine.

Prognostic value of semi-quantitative parameters of 18F-FDG PET/CT in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients

ObjectiveTo investigate the prognostic value of fluroine-18 fluorodexyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) semi-quantitative parameter in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) and to design a new staging system including 18F-FDG PET/CT semi-quantitative parameters for NDMM.MethodsA total of 38 NDMM patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT examination in Yichang Central People’s Hospital from February 2014 to April 2021 were collected. The relationship between the characteristics of 18F-FDG PET/CT (metabolic tumor volume of all lesions (aMTV), total lesion glycolysis of all lesions (aTLG), maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) of the lesion with largest MTV (mSUVmax), extramedullary disease (EMD), focal lesions (FLs)), the laboratory parameters, and prognostic parameters (progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS)) were analyzed retrospectively. SPSS 25.0 statistical software was used for statistical processing, Kaplan–Meier method was used for survival analysis, Log-rank method was used for univariate analysis, and Cox proportional risk model was used for multivariate analysis.ResultsUnivariate analysis showed that aMTV ≥ 90.97cm3, aTLG ≥ 283.31 g, hemoglobin (Hb) < 100 g/L, focal lesions (FLs) ≥ 10, (percentage of circulating plasma cells (CPC%) ≥ 30%, creatinine (Cr) ≥ 177umol/L, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) ≥ 250 g/L might be the adverse prognostic factors of PFS in patients with NDMM, all p < 0.05; aMTV ≥ 90.97 cm3, aTLG ≥ 283.31 g, Hb < 100 g/L, FLs ≥ 10, mSUVmax ≥ 5.8, the presence of extramedullary disease (EMD) and PCPs ≥ 30% may be adverse prognostic factors for OS in patients with NDMM, all p < 0.05. Multivariate regression analysis showed that aMTV ≥ 90.97 cm3 was an independent risk factor for PFS in NDMM patients, p < 0.05; aMTV ≥ 90.97 cm3, mSUVmax ≥ 5.8, and the presence of EMD were independent risk factors for OS in the NDMM patients, all p < 0.05. According to the multivariate analysis results of OS, the New stage (NS) was performed. The 3-year OS rates of stage I, stage II, and stage III in NDMM patients were 100.0, 53.5, and 32.1%, respectively, p = 0.000.ConclusionaMTV can predict PFS and OS of NDMM patients better than other parameters. NS which combined with aMTV can predict OS of NDMM patients better and can provide an accurate and simple method for risk stratification of NDMM patients.

Photoluminescence and X‐Ray‐Induced Luminescence Behavior of Sm2O3‐Doped Oxyfluoroborate Scintillating Glass for Radiation Detecting Material

Various concentrations of samarium (Sm3+) ion‐activated oxyfluoroborate (ANCB:AlF3‐NaF‐CaF2‐B2O3) glasses are fabricated for its applications in red‐emitting lasers and scintillators. From the optical absorption spectrum, Ω2,4,6 intensity parameters and several radiative parameters along with the high value of absorption (2.96 × 10−21 cm2) and emission (14.13 × 10−22 cm2) cross sections are calculated. By stimulating at 403 nm, a transition corresponding to 4G5/2 → 6H7/2 (596 nm) is very intense and emits orange‐reddish luminescence of Sm3+ ion in ANCB glasses. The decay curves are fit to the Inokuti–Hirayama (I–H) model to determine the energy transfer in Sm3+: ANCB glasses. The X‐ray‐excited luminescence (XEL) spectra are determined with an X‐ray source by supplying the voltage of 50 kV and current 30 mA. The lasing parameters like stimulated emission cross section (14.13 × 10−22 cm2), optical gain (30.52 × 10−22 cm2 s), and quantum efficiency (80%) are found to be high for the 4G5/2 → 6H9/2 transition of Sm3+ ions. The quality of the emitted red light for the ANCBSm0.5 glass is calculated in terms of the (x, y) color coordinates and correlated color temperatures (CCT &lt; 3000 K). The integral scintillation efficiency of glasses shows the maximum value of 23% in comparison with Bi4Ge3O12 scintillation crystal.

Research on Urban High Voltage Power Network Harmonic Transfer and Emission Level

With the rapid growth of urban power transmission cable scale, the harmonic pollution in the high-voltage power grid is more transmitted to other power grids of different voltage levels, which makes the harmonic transmission more complicated, increases the harmonic emission level, and makes it difficult to quantitatively analyze and study the allowable value of users’ electrical pollution emission. Therefore, in this paper, by establishing the harmonic conduction model of the urban high-voltage power grid and considering the equivalent circuit of transformer and transmission cable in the urban power grid, the parameters of transmission cable harmonic transfer coefficient and the allowable emission value of power quality pollution of the urban power grid are deduced and quantitatively analyzed. Then the harmonic transmission and mutual influence of urban power network harmonics in power transmission cable are analyzed through examples, which is helpful to determine the allowable value of harmonic pollution emission scientifically and reasonably.

Prognostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This study aimed to investigate the value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) in predicting early immunotherapy response of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of science, Embase and the Cochrane library was performed to examine the prognostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in predicting early immunotherapy response of ICIs in patients with NSCLC. The main outcomes for evaluation were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Detailed data from each study were extracted and analyzed using STATA 14.0 software. 13 eligible articles were included in this systematic review. Compared to baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging, the pooled hazard ratios (HR) of maximum and mean standardized uptake values SUVmax, SUVmean, MTV and TLG for OS were 0.88 (95% CI: 0.69-1.12), 0.79 (95% CI: 0.50-1.27), 2.10 (95% CI: 1.57-2.82) and 1.58 (95% CI: 1.03-2.44), respectively. The pooled HR of SUVmax, SUVmean, MTV and TLG for PFS were 1.06 (95% CI: 0.68-1.65), 0.66 (95% CI: 0.48-0.90), 1.50 (95% CI: 1.26-1.79), 1.27 (95% CI: 0.92-1.77), respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that high MTV group had shorter OS than low MTV group in both first line group (HR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.39-2.79) and undefined line group (HR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.61-2.77). High MTV group also showed a shorter PFS in first line group (HR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.28-2.68), and low TLG group had a longer OS in undefined group (HR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.00-1.86). No significant differences were in other subgroup analysis. Baseline MTV and TLG may have predictive value and should be prospectively studied in clinical trials. Baseline SUVmax and SUVmean may not be appropriate prognostic markers in advanced or metastatic NSCLC patients treated with ICIs. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=323906, identifier CRD42022323906.

Cool green light emitting GdAlO3:Tb3+ perovskite nanomaterials: Crystal structure and spectroscopic characteristics for advance display appliances

Using the gel-combustion process, pure-phase GdAlO3 (GAP) perovskite phosphor doped with different concentration of Tb3+ ion has been synthesized. XRD, TEM, FTIR, PL/PLE and fluorescence decay studies were used to characterize the materials in detail. On the basis of powder XRD data, phase evolution of perovskite material with respect to the various content of trivalent terbium ion has been examined, and the rietveld technique has been used to further refine the structural characteristics of the orthorhombic phase. Among all the samples, nanosample (x = 0.05, known as optimized sample) was found with high crystallinity and intensity and further their calcination effect was also investigated. TEM investigation revealed the formation of nanoparticles with some agglomeration. When excited at 272 nm, a series of characteristic emissions bands of Tb3+ doped GdAlO3 phosphors were detected in the emission spectra at about 492 nm, 542 nm, 589 nm, and 624 nm, which resemble to the 5D4→7F6, 5D4→7F5, 5D4→7F4, and 5D4→7F3 transitions, individually. The most intense band detected at 542 nm (5D4→7F5) is responsible for the green color in the synthesized material. The lifetime of Tb3+ emission was determined to be gradually declining with concentration of Tb3+ ions using fluorescence decay analysis. The derived values of CIE chromaticity coordinates (x, y) were quite closer to the NTSC standard value of green emission which further validates their applicability in display application and other lighting foundations.

18FDG PET/CT Parameters for the Prediction of CAR T-Cell Therapy Response among Patients with Large B-Cell Lymphoma

<h3>Purpose/Objective(s)</h3> To define the prognostic value of quantitative positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) parameters in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients undergoing CAR T-cell therapy. <h3>Materials/Methods</h3> Sixty-three patients who had PET-CT scans done pre-CAR T infusion were retrospectively identified and analyzed in a single institution database of DLBCL patients treated with commercially available CD19-targeted CAR T-cell therapy (axi-cel, tisa-cel). The predictive and prognostic value of low vs. high metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and SUV were analyzed with cutoff values determined by the sample mean for MTV and TLG and mode for SUV. The response evaluation was conducted based on the post-CAR T best overall response, which was defined as the lowest disease burden measured on the PET scan at any time after CAR T-cell therapy. Univariate analysis was conducted using logistic regression, while the multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models, controlling for age ≥60, gender, CAR T product, and receiving bridging therapy. <h3>Results</h3> The median follow-up was 10.7 months (range, 0.6 - 46.5 months). The best objective overall response (complete response-CR and partial response) and CR rates post-CAR T were 78% (n=49) and 54% (n=34), respectively. On univariate analysis, low pre-CAR T TLG and MTV were predictive of CR post-CAR T (OR=4.7, p=0.01, OR=8.03, p=0.001, respectively). Patients with high pre-CAR T TLG or MTV had an increased risk of mortality (OR=3.6, p=0.03, OR=4.04, p=0.02), and a high pre-CAR T TLG was associated with a non-significant trend of increased grade 3-4 neurological events (OR=2.8, p=0.2). There was also a trend to shorter OS among patients with high SUVmax pre-CAR T (8.3 months vs. 24.4 months, p=0.3). On multivariate analysis, bulky disease (≥5 cm) (HR=6.08, 95% CI: 2.6-14.2, p=< 0.001), high MTV (HR=2.4, 95% CI: 1.13-4.9, p=0.022), and high TLG (HR=2.35, 95% CI: 1.1-5.0, p=0.026) were significantly associated with inferior OS. <h3>Conclusion</h3> High pre-CAR T MTV and TLG values are significantly associated with inferior CR and OS rates and a trend toward higher risk of severe neurotoxicity among patients with LBCL treated with CAR T-cell therapy. Bulky disease (≥ 5 cm) is associated with significantly inferior OS. These data suggest that there may be a role for pre- CAR T radiation therapy targeting bulky site(s) with high FDG avidity, regardless of symptoms, thereby reducing disease burden prior to CAR-T cell therapy, which may lead to improved efficacy and reduced CAR T-related adverse events.