Value Of Economic Growth Research Articles

Relationship between Foreign Exchange Reserves and Economic Growth in Tanzania: Application of Wald Granger-Causality Test

The study investigates the causal relationship between foreign exchange reserves and economic growth in Tanzania from 1990-2021. The study employed the Wald Granger-Causality Test to examine the causal relationship between variables. The results from the Wald Granger-Causality- Test revealed the unidirectional causal effect of economic growth on foreign exchange reserves. This implies that the value of economic growth can be used to predict the future value of foreign exchange reserves in Tanzania in the short and long run. In contrast, foreign exchange reserves cannot be used to predict the economic growth movement. Furthermore, findings indicated that foreign exchange reserves positively affect economic growth in the long run, implying that increasing foreign exchange reserves increases financial growth. Due to these findings, it can be concluded that foreign exchange reserves act as an integral catalyst for sustainable development in a country. Improving monetary policies and reserve management strategies would strike a balance between holding reserves and managing external debt. While reserves can be used to service debt and enhance creditworthiness, excessive reliance on reserves for debt servicing may deplete the buffer needed for crisis management. Policymakers must consider the country's specific circumstances and continually assess and adapt strategies to promote sustainable economic growth.

The Effect Of Regional Revenue And Expenditure Budget Realization On Economic Growth In Enrekang Regency

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of the revenue budget realization on economic growth in 2016-2020 period, to find out regional expenditure on economic growth in Enrekang Regency for 2016-2020 period, to find out theregional revenue and expenditure budgets realization has an effect on economic growth in 2016-2020 period. Quantitative (descriptive) analysis method, which analyzes data on the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budgets realization on economic growth in Enrekang Regency. Quantitative method, multiple linear regression method, namely to see the effect of regional revenue (X1) and expenditure (X2) oneconomic growth (Y). The results of the study stated that from the table of results of the f-test analysis, namely the effect of regional revenue on economic growth obtained the value of t-count > t-table (-2,101 < -2,131) at a significant level of 0.05. Then there is a significant effect between revenue and the value of economic growth. So that hypothesis 1 is accepted. Based on the partial test results, on the table of t-test analysis, the effect of regional expenditure on economic growth is obtained by the value of t-count > t-table (-1.980 <-2.131) at a significant level of 0.05, so Ha is accepted, meaning that partially there is a significant effect between regional expenditure and economic growth. So that hypothesis 2 is accepted. In the study entitled the effect of regional revenue and expenditure budgets realization on economic growth in Enrekang Regency. The variable used in this study was the effect of regional revenue and expenditure budgets on economic growth being the independent and dependent variable, namely the regional revenue and expenditure budgets has a significant effect. So that hypothesis 3 is accepted.

Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Inflasi dan Pendidikan terhadap Kemiskinan di Provinsi Jambi Tahun 2002 – 2020

Poverty is a condition in which a person or group of people is unable to fulfill their basic rights to maintain and develop a dignified life. This study aims to determine the effect of economic growth, inflation and education on poverty in Jambi province. Based on the results of the SPSS analysis tool that the authors get research results in the form of economic growth variables that have no effect on the poverty level, it can be done by comparing the t count value of 2.106 and t table of 2.109, thus t count < t table, then Ha is rejected and H0 is accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that there is no influence between economic growth on the poverty level of Jambi Province. and it means that the value of economic growth does not have a positive effect but with a significant level (0.050 < 0.05) on poverty in Jambi province. While X2 (Inflation) the inflation variable is significant to the poverty level, it can be done by comparing the t count value of 3,490 and t table of 2,106, thus t arithmetic > t table, then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a significant effect of inflation on the poverty level of Jambi Province. and X3 (education) the education variable is significant to the level of poverty, it can be done by comparing the t-count value of 2.109 and t-table of 2.106, thus t-count>t-table, then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence between education on the poverty level of Jambi Province. From the results of the analysis in this study, it can be concluded that inflation has a positive and significant effect on the poverty level of Jambi Province. And Economic Growth does not have a positive but significant effect on the poverty level of Jambi Province. While education has an effect on the poverty level of Jambi Province.

Poverty, Income Inequality and Economic Growth in Nigeria (1981-2019)

This study empirically examined the relationship between poverty, income inequality and economic growth in Nigeria. The study used time series data from National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin between the periods from 1981 to 2019. The study employed the use of Augmented Dickey Fuller test, Co integration test and Error Correction technique. The unit root test results indicated that all the variables were stationary at first difference and co-integration test confirmed a long run relationship among the variables. The error correction model shows that about 96 percent of the discrepancy between the actual and the equilibrium value of economic growth is corrected or eliminated each year. The coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.68 which shows that about 68 percent variations in the economic growth were explained by the independent variables. Furthermore, the Breusch-Godfrey Serial Correlation LM Test shows that the probability of the chi-square (2) is 0.2775 and this is greater than 0.05 at 5% significance level. This therefore confirms the absence of serial correlation. Also, the Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey Heteroscadaticity test indicates that the probability of chi-square (5) is 0.1242 and this is greater than 0.05 at 5% significant level. This also confirms the absence of heteroscedasticity in the model. From the study, the findings revealed that income inequality has a negative relationship with economic growth in the country while poverty was found to be positively related to economic growth. Similarly, the findings also revealed that poverty and income inequality has an insignificant effect on economic growth in Nigeria. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that poverty and income inequality has not significant relationship with economic growth in Nigeria. Thus, the study concludes that there is need for government of the country to come up with an all-inclusive policy and programme that will be targeted to the poor and give them ample opportunities to improve their welfare.

ANALISIS LOCATION QUOTIENT DAN SHIFT SHARE DALAM PENENTUAN SEKTOR UNGGULAN PEREKONOMIAN KABUPATEN PENYANGGA (Studi Kasus Di Kabupaten Sukoharjo Dan Karangnayar)

Indicators of increasing economic development can be viewed through the numbers or values of economicgrowth. Indicators of the regional economy can also be seen from per capita income, economic growth and economic structure. Economic movements do not only occur in big cities but also occur in the supportingdistricts of the city, for example Karanganyar Regency and Sukoharjo Regency which are buffer districts from the existence of Surakarta City. The purpose of this study was to determine the leading sector of the economyof the buffer district. The data used in this study is secondary data in the form of time series sourced from the Central Statistics Agency for each area of Karangnayar and Sukoharjo Regencies. The data used are regionalgross domestic product (GRDP) data for each region from 2016 to 2020. The data analysis used in this studyis the analysis of location quotient (LQ) and shift share. Based on the results of the study, it is known that thereare basic sectors found in two buffer districts, namely Karanganyar Regency and Sukoharjo Regency. Theresults of the study based on LQ analysis stated that there were 7 base sectors in the Karanganyar Regency area while in the Sukoharjo Regency area there were 9 base sectors. If you look at the shift share analysis withindicators on the assessment of the component of regional share growth in Karanganyar Regency, there are 7 sectors that have positive values while in Sukoharjo Regency there are only 4 sectors that are still negative..

Toward sustainable development? Trend analysis of environmental policy in Korea from 1987 to 2040

It is crucial to observe how international policy initiatives are implemented in each country’s environmental policies to ensure global environmental conservation and sustainable development. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the trend of environmental policy in Korea over time. To this aim, we use semantic network analysis to explore the main keywords and to identify the characteristics of the key themes in each period based on the national environmental comprehensive plan. Our results show that the value of economic growth and technological development are regarded as priorities in Korean environmental policy because the economy and technology are closely related to the environment. Similarly, when it comes to the fundamental concept of environmental policy, the concept of “green growth” is applied in preference to the concept of “sustainability.” The results contribute to expanding the approach of existing policy research by providing the potential for semantic network analysis based on policy documents.

Indikator Fundamental Ekonomi Pulau Kalimantan: Analisis Tipologi Daerah

Abstract−The economic development of the island regions often results in inequality both in terms of population and relatively large unemployment, inadequate infrastructure, and inadequate education and health facilities and infrastructure. The purpose of this study was to determine the regional typology of the island of Kalimantan in terms of regional economic fundamental indicators by using secondary data from the provinces of West Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, North Kalimantan, East Kalimantan and Central Kalimantan using regional typology analysis with a research period of 2015-2020 sourced from the National Agency of Drug and Food Control. Center for Statistics. The results of this study found that the island of Kalimantan has a fairly high inequality, although from 2015-2020 the Gini ratio has increased, besides that it is also seen from the typology of the five provinces in Kalimantan that none of them has economic growth, GRDP per capita and HDI/ Together, HDI has a high value, meaning that there are regions with high economic growth and GRDP, but low HDI/HDI and vice versa. North Kalimantan is an area with a fast-developing and fast-growing category because it has a high value of economic growth and per capita income, East Kalimantan which has advanced and fast-growing regional qualifications, namely those with high incomes, followed by HDI, Central Kalimantan and North Kalimantan are included. the category of potential areas or developed regions on the edge of depression or areas with high economic growth but low HDI.

The varieties of idealization and the politics of economic growth: a case study on modality and the methodology of normative political philosophy

ABSTRACT Are societies required to pursue continual economic growth as a matter of justice? In “The Value of Economic Growth”, Julie Rose considers three arguments in favor of the need for continual economic growth, each of which revolves around the instrumental value of economic growth for promoting an important good that is needed for a just society. In each case, Rose argues that there are mechanisms other than economic growth that could allow a society to deliver the relevant goods, and thus meet the demands of justice with respect to those goods. I raise a set of issues for Rose’s argument that put pressure on the normative significance of her discussion. At the heart of these issues are ones about which possibilities Rose considers and which idealizations she makes. These issues tie into more general questions about the aims and methodology of normative work in social/political philosophy. Thus, in addition to being a contribution to the debate over the politics of economic growth, this paper can be understood partly as a case study in how reflection on these kinds of issues – ones about modality, idealization, and methodology – can matter to how we evaluate specific arguments in social/political philosophy.

Determination of Investment Needs to Pursue Growth Targets through Incremental Capital Output Ratio (ICOR)

This article aims to analyze the effectiveness of investment as measured by the need for investment to produce output at a certain level, which in turn can determine the regional economic growth target. The analytical tool used is the incremental capital output ratio (ICOR) and the determination of economic growth targets. The ICOR value used in this study was calculated using three calculation approaches, namely Lag0, Lag1, and Lag2 data. The data used in this study is data from the economy of the Special Region of Yogyakarta until 2019. The result is that during the research period, there is a correlation between ICOR and economic growth, meaning that the lower the ICOR value, the value of economic growth will also increase. This shows that the effectiveness and efficiency of investment will result in a positive impact on economic growth.

Relationships between Macroeconomics Indicators and Investments of Enterprises: Evidence from Poland

Purpose: The paper aims to analyze the impact of macroeconomics factors, including their delay on investments of enterprises in Poland in the years 2005-2018. Design/Methodology/Approach: The authors use statistical analysis to verify the hypotheses. First, the test of KPSS was done to check the stationarity of the variables. The next step was to calculate coefficients of linear correlation of Pearson between two subgroups of variables. After that, the causality of Granger was done. Findings: There is a relationship between actual investment spending of enterprises and the value of economic growth and its components but only in some cases. Moreover, past investments have a negative impact on investment spending of medium and large-sized companies. However, there is no evidence that inventory investments influence the investment spending of enterprises, and fiscal preferences positively impact on changes in the value of actual investment spending of companies. Practical Implications: The findings could change the rules of preparing predictions for investment spending in Poland. Furthermore, it may affect the changes in fiscal preferences. Originality/Value: The paper contributes to the macroeconomics theory in the area of economic growth. Furthermore, it also makes insights into the theory of incentives, particularly in fiscal preferences.

Analisis Perubahan Nilai Tukar Rupiah Akibat Peningkatan Inflasi, Tingkat Suku Bunga SBI dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi (Studi Pada Bank Indonesia Periode 2008 – 2017)

The purpose of this study was to determine the simultaneous effect of the inflation rate, interest rates and economic growth on the rupia exchange rate. This study also examines the partial effect of the inflation rate on the rupia exchange rate, finds the effect of interest rates on the rupia exchange rate, and economic growth on the rupia exchange rate. The research method used in this study is a quantitative method. The data source used is secondary data in the form of a Time Series. Time-series data is data that is collected over a specified period / period of time. The data collection technique used in this research is the documentary method taken from the Central Bureau of Statistic's data. From the calculation of the F value it is known that 0.00467 < 0.050, so there is a simultaneous influence of the inflation rate, interest rate and economic growth variables on the Rupiah exchange rate. The regression equation is Y = . The inflation rate coefficient for variable X1 is 0.009 and positive. This shows that the inflation rate has a direct relationship with the Rupiah exchange rate. This means that every time one unit of inflation increases, the beta variable (Y) of the rupia exchange rate will also increase by 0.009 with the assumption that other independent variables from the regression model have been corrected. The value of the interest rate coefficient for variable X2 is -0.02 and is negative. This indicates that the interest rate has a direct relationship with the Rupiah exchange rate. This means that each time the interest rate increases by one unit, the beta (Y) variable of the rupia exchange rate will decrease by 0.02 assuming that the other independent variables of the regression model have been corrected. If the value of economic growth (X3) increases one point, then the Y value will decrease by 0.06, assuming that the other independent variables of the regression model are fixed.Keywords: Inflation rate, interest rate, economic growth, rupia exchange rate

Country diagnostics for low carbon development: Can developing countries pursue simultaneous implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement?

AbstractThe Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the 2030 Development Agenda and the Paris Agreement, both agreed in 2015, call for the world to simultaneously address development and climate change. Some researchers argue that the SDGs put more emphasis on the value of economic growth, and if so, it would pose a challenging situation, especially to developing countries considering the nexus among economic growth, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions. In order to understand to what extent the SDGs advancement accompanies CO2 emissions increase, a study is needed to investigate development pathways of various countries during the past decades. This study aims to empirically identify well‐performing countries, in terms of both the SDGs implementation and CO2 emission mitigations, and investigate causes of the difference from the others through the decomposition analysis. The results confirm a good number of well‐performers, particularly among the Latin American and the transition countries. It is found that well‐targeted policy interventions for expanding the essential public services such as health, education, energy, water, and sanitation, are effective for advancing the SDGs. The decomposition analysis shows that the countries which made significant advancements in the SDGs had tangible positive economic growth effects on their per‐capita CO2 emissions. But if policy attention is paid to reduce the energy and carbon intensities, especially in the energy‐intensive sectors, such as the industry, energy, and transport sectors, the increases of per‐capita CO2 emissions can be minimized. Proper private sector engagements are considered effective to this end.

PENGARUH JUMLAH UANG BEREDAR DAN JUMLAH PENDUDUK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI INDONESIA

This study aimed to determine the effect of the money supply and population on economic growth in indonesia in the short and long term. This study used time series data from 1994 to 2017. The data analysis method used is the Auto Regressive Distributed Lagged (ARDL) approach. The results showed that all variables are stationary at the co-integrated in the long run. The model stability test results showed that the model used was stable. The results show that all variables were stationary at the co-integrated level in the long run. The model stability test results showed that the model used is stable. Partially, in the analysis of short-term money supply had a negative and significant effect on the economic growth in Indonesia, and the population had a positive and significant effect on the value of economic growth in Indonesia. In the long-term analysis, the money supply had a negative and significant effect on the economic growth in Indonesia, and the population had a positive and significant effect on the economic growth in Indonesia. The coefficient determination R2 was 91.56 percent.

On the value of economic growth

Must a society aim indefinitely for continued economic growth? Proponents of economic growth advance three central challenges to the idea that a society, having attained high levels of income and wealth, may justly cease to pursue further economic growth: if environmentally sustainable and the gains fairly distributed, first, continued economic growth could make everyone within a society and globally, and especially the worst off, progressively better off; second, the pursuit of economic growth spurs ongoing innovation, which enhances people’s opportunities and protects a society against future risks; and third, continued economic growth fosters attitudes of openness, tolerance, and generosity, which are essential to the functioning of a liberal democratic society. This article grants these challenges’ normative foundations, to show that, even if one accepts their underlying premises as requirements of justice, a society may still justly cease to aim for economic growth, so long as it continues to aim for and realize gains on other dimensions. I argue that, while continued economic growth might instrumentally serve valuable ends, it is not necessary for their realization, as a society can achieve these ends through other means.

PENGARUH INFLASI DAN EKSPOR MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI INDONESIA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL DINAMIS REGRESSION

This study aims to determine the effect of inflation and export of palm oil on the economic growth in Indonesia in the short and long term. The data used is the time series data from 1988 to 2016. The data analysis method used is the Auto Regressive Distributed Lagged (ARDL) approach and the analysis tool with the help of Eviews 9. The results of the study show that all stationary variables at the level of first difference and have long-term cointegration. Partially, in the short term analysis shows that inflation has a negative and significant effect on the economic growth, and exports of palm oil have a positive and insignificant effect on the value of economic growth in Indonesia. In the long-term analysis of inflation and export of palm oil has a negative and significant effect on the economic growth in Indonesia. The results of the stability model test show that the model used is stable. The result of the determination coefficient R 2 is 87.40 percent

The Value of Economic Growth in a Democracy

The recent longstanding Global Crisis which seems to have no end has created a divisive debate on the utility of Academic research and in particular on the business of studying Economics and proffering solutions for alleviating world problems. The study , kickstarts an exercise in Critical thinking to analyse some known facets of the study of Democracy and align with conceptions of Economic growth and review in the current literature whether academic research has indeed attempted to and found the right questions and if we are near a solution for the real world with its political, economic and geographical constraints. This is a foundation study to enable other researchers to form more relevant and current analyses with a foundation in economic literature.

Cleavages, Protest or Voting for Hope? The Rise of Centrist Populist Parties in the Czech Republic

Clanek analyzuje volebni podporu středových populistických stran v Ceske republice. Na zakladě dat z narodnich volebnich studii a s využitim vybraných teorii volebniho chovani nejde volebni podporu těchto stran vysvětit pomoci tradicnich konfliktnich linii, ale pťedevsim pomoci hodnoceni valencnich charakteristik.

The influence of population on the economic efficiency of the metropolitan governance

Research purpose. In order to implement the optimal metropolitan governance model, it is important to understand the conditions under which this or that model is economically effective. There is a need to develop a quantitatively justified methodology for choosing the optimal metropolitan governance model for different types of metropolitan areas. It has been emphasized in some federal documents of Russia, for example, in the “Recommendations for the selection of pilot projects for approbation and improvement of mechanisms for managing the development of metropolitan areas in the Russian Federation”. Materials and methods. Domestic researchers (N. Zubarevich, K. Gonchar, etc.) and foreign researchers (Glaeser Edward L., Nakamura, Ciccone A., Hall R., etc.) carried out the study of quantitative relationships between the economic growth of cities and the characteristics of cities.However, for metropolitan areas, the analysis of the relationship has not yet been implemented between the outpacing economic growth of the metropolitan area relative to the average country values (labor productivity and GDP per capita), the institutional factor (the type of metropolitan governance model), andthe non-institutional factor (population size). To identify the dependencies we are interested in, we used the OECD statistical database and OECD researches to identify the metropolitan governance model in the sample of metropolitan areas in the world. The sample in this research was 87 metropolitan areas in Europe and was divided into groups, depending on the population and the introduced metropolitan governance model. For each group, a correlation-regression analysis was performed and a weighted average was calculated from the indexes of the economic growth. As the leading index of the economic growth, labor productivity was used, as the final - GDP per capita. Then a comparison was made between the real value of economic growth in each surveyed metropolitan area and the expected value when implementing different metropolitan governance model. If the comparison showed the non-optimality of the implemented model for some index of the economic growth, then the values of the economic growth in the metropolitan area and the national average were compared. As a result, a recommendationwas given for the metropolitan area on the degree of need for the management reform and an optimal metropolitan governance model was selected. Results. Based on the revealed regularities, we have created a methodical approach to choose the optimal model of metropolitan governance according to the population size. It can be used as a tool to justify metropolitan governance reform. The advantage of the approach is the use of real quantitative data that reduces the degree of subjectivity in decision-making Conclusion. The methodical approach is tested on the example of eightmetropolitan areas (Lublin, Palermo, Krakow, Paris, Stuttgart, Madrid, Geneva, and Linz). It was revealed that there is no metropolitan governance model, which is always more efficient for all objects. As the result of the analysis for Geneva, the degree of need for management reforms was described as “high” with a recommendation for a transition to a decentralized metropolitan governance model. For Linz, Stuttgart and Madrid, the degree of need for reform is characterized as “low” with a recommendation for a transition to decentralization (Stuttgart) and centralization (Linz and Madrid). The rest of the metropolitan areas of the sample do not need reforms.

The relationship between carbon dioxide emission and economic growth: Hierarchical structure methods

Carbon dioxide (CO2) emission has an essential role in the current debate on sustainable development and environmental protection. CO2 emission is also directly linked with use of energy which plays a focal role both for production and consumption in the world economy. Therefore the relationship between the CO2 emission and economic growth has a significant implication for the environmental and economical policies. In this study, within the scope of sociophysics, the topology, taxonomy and relationships among the 33 countries, which have almost the high CO2 emission and economic growth values, are investigated by using the hierarchical structure methods, such as the minimal spanning tree (MST) and hierarchical tree (HT), over the period of 1970–2010. The average linkage cluster analysis (ALCA) is also used to examine the cluster structure more clearly in HTs. According to their proximity, economic ties and economic growth, different clusters of countries are identified from the structural topologies of these trees. We have found that the high income & OECD countries are closely connected to each other and are isolated from the upper middle and lower middle income countries from the MSTs, which are obtained both for the CO2 emission and economic growth. Moreover, the high income & OECD clusters are homogeneous with respect to the economic activities and economic ties of the countries. It is also mentioned that the Group of Seven (G7) countries (CAN, ENG, FRA, GER, ITA, JPN, USA) are connected to each other and these countries are located at the center of the MST for the results of CO2 emission. The same analysis may also successfully apply to the other environmental sources and different countries.

Democratic Changes and Economic Growth

Today it must be admitted that there is no significant connection between the level of development of democratic institutes and the value of economic growth. This conclusion invariably stems from the vast amount of theoretical and empirical studies that have been conducted over the last 50 years. Why have developed democracies become economic leaders? Why is the US economy growing faster than the economy in Angola, but slower than the economy in Botswana? There are still no answers to these seemingly simple questions. In this paper the author attempts to theoretically justify and empirically confirm the link between the democratic changes in countries and their economic growth. This link becomes apparent if we assume that the amount of transaction costs of exchange depends on the level of political and economic freedom. In turn, transaction costs have a significant influence on the effective functioning of the economy. A decrease in costs of exchange speeds up economic growth and an increase in costs slows down growth. This kind of approach enables us to explain the economic successes of democracies, the lagging behind of many countries in Asia and Africa, the historical reasons for the beginning of the industrial revolution in Europe, the speeding up of economic growth in the 18 th -19 th centuries, the rapid development of production in China and many other occurrences.