Durability Values Research Articles

The Impact of Particles Comminution on Mechanical Durability of Wheat Straw Briquettes

Briquetting is one of the recommended biomass agglomeration processes. The material subjected to briquetting gains valuable functional features related to higher energy density, appropriate moisture content, and increased bulk density. However, the briquettes need high mechanical durability to maintain high quality during transportation, loading, and other logistic steps before they will be delivered to the final consumer and utilized for energy purposes. The mechanical durability depends on many factors, including the particles comminution of the compacted biomass. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the impact of particle comminution on the mechanical durability of wheat straw briquettes. The research was carried out in accordance with the international standard for solid biofuels PN-EN ISO 17831-1:2016-02. The briquettes were produced from three different fractions: 0–2 mm, 2–15 mm, and 15–45 mm. To obtain more data related to the mechanical durability of briquettes, the tests were also carried out outside the ISO standard conditions. During the investigations, the working chamber operation time was extended from 5 to 60 min, and the rotational speed of the working chamber was increased to 25 and 30 rpm, respectively. The results indicated that the mechanical durability index (Du) of briquettes decreases along with the increase in the particle size. According to the PN-EN ISO 17831-1:2016-02 standard, the highest mechanical durability was achieved for the 0–2 mm fraction (Du = 91.17%) followed by the 2–15 mm fraction (Du = 88.12%), and the lowest was achieved for the 15–45 mm fraction (Du = 84.48%). It was noticed that the increase in the working chamber operation time resulted in a decrease of the Du value. Moreover, the difference in mechanical durability (between t5 = 5 min and t60 = 60 min) was greater for a larger fraction (∆Du = 16.26% for 0–2 mm fraction, ∆Du = 21.04% for 2–15 mm fraction, and ∆Du = 23.43% for 15–45 mm fraction). It was also observed that the increase of the rotational speed of the working chamber caused a slight decrease in the value of the mechanical durability of briquettes for all investigated fractions.

Enhancement of fresh properties and performances of the eco-friendly gypsum-cement composite (EGCC)

The area of application of gypsum materials is limited to low values of compressive strength, water resistance and durability. An urgent task is to increase the efficiency of the gypsum composite using Portland cement, as well as natural and industrial waste. In this work, complex studies were carried out, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, differemtial-thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, small-angle X-ray diffraction, as well as mechanical and durability tests of hardened composites. The influence of gypsum building materials on the environment and humans throughout the life cycle have been determined. The features of the formation of the structure and hardening of the eco-friendly gypsum-cement composite (EGCC) have been studied taking into account the chemical, structural and morphological features of dihydrate gypsum, Portland cement, opoka, perlite and six different modifiers. The effect of various finenesses of grinding components on the performances of the EGCC has been investigated. It has been revealed that the maximum compressive strength of 18.1 MPa of hardened gypsum cement binder is achieved with a specific surface of 600 m2 / kg, a further increase in the specific surface leads to a decrease in compressive strength, which is explained by an increase in water demand. Comprehensive chemical additives have been developed that allow a wider range of setting time, from 35 to 72 min. With the introduction of a complex chemical additive, the volume of micropores decreases, which is due to small-sized new growths located in the pore space of the gypsum matrix. All this leads to improving fresh properties and performances of the EGCC.

Comparison of Multi-criteria Decision Making Methods for Selection of Handmade Carpets

ABSTRACT Selecting the best carpet from a set of available alternatives for a particular end-use situation is a difficult job because of association with multiple decision criteria. Three multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) methods, i.e., weighted sum model (WSM), weighted product model (WPM), and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) were used to evaluate the overall durability value of handmade carpets considering abrasion loss, compression recovery, thickness loss after dynamic loading, and thickness loss after prolonged heavy static loading as decision criteria. The weights of carpet properties (decision criteria) were determined by considering opinion of 10 domain experts. Abrasion loss, compression recovery, thickness loss after dynamic loading and thickness loss after prolonged heavy static loading received weights of 0.366, 0.186, 0.308, and 0.140, respectively. All the three MCDM methods yielded the same ranking for the first position. Moreover, WSM and WPM had complete agreement for the first seven positions. Rank correlation coefficient between WSM-WPM, WSM-TOPSIS, and WPM-TOPSIS are found to be 0.990, 0.943, and 0.973, respectively i.e. very high. Therefore, any one of these MCDM methods can be used for handmade carpet selection problem. Sensitivity analysis proved that the ranking produced by TOPSIS is quite robust in response to the change in weights of decision criteria.

The relationship between the pH value of dilute effluent streams and system durability in the separate bed electrodeionization process

The successful application of electrodeionization (EDI) for the preparation of ultra-pure water has been encouraging researchers to explore its feasibility in the treatment of heavy metal electroplating wastewaters. Based on the separate bed membrane stack, the relationship between the pH of dilute effluent streams and its long-term operation stability was investigated. The pH, conductivity, electric current and voltage were recorded on-line with cupric ions contents measured off-line. The microstructure and morphology of ion exchange resins and membranes were studied with infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It is the adsorption saturation in the cation exchange resins-filled compartment (CR-cell) that results in the acidity of dilute effluent waters due to the consumption of hydroxide ions in the anion exchange resins-filled compartment (AR-cell). The periodic change of acidity and alkalinity of dilute effluents was caused by the alternative processes of adsorption saturation and hydrolysis regeneration in CR-cell. The conversion of quaternary amines into tertiary ones of the anion resins and membranes owing to hygro-thermal aging weakened alkaline and shortened the acid-base change period. Increasing stack voltage and intermittent leaching play an important role in prolonging the service life of EDI, and make it feasible to remove heavy metal ions from industrial wastewaters.

The effect of adhesive type and speed pan granulator on the properties of urea slow release fertilizer

The application of slow-release fertilizer (SRF) to agriculture provides many benefits. Productivity increases and at the same time, negative impacts decrease. This type of slow-release matrix fertilizer offers an excellent solution for increasing nutrient uptake by plants and restoring agricultural land. The objectives of this research are to study the effect of the type of adhesive and the rotational speed of the granulator on the physical properties of urea slow-release fertilizer (USRF). There are four characteristics used as responses, namely; bulk density, water absorption, granules yield, and durability. The granulation process is carried out using a disc granulator. The study was conducted using one factor at a time method. Research has been carried out by varying the rotation speed of the granulator 5 to 25 with a range of 5 rotations per minute on five adhesives, namely; tapioca flour, glutinous rice flour, rice flour, sago flour, and corn flour. The results showed that the types of adhesives affect the values of bulk density, water absorption, granules yield, and durability. The best type of adhesive is tapioca, however, USRF tapioca adhesive has weakness on water absorbency. Increasing the rotational speed of the granulator causes an increase in the value of bulk density, water absorption, and granules yield while the endurance parameters decrease.

Effect of Adding Fermented Restaurant Waste Meal with Different Concentration to Physical Quality of Fish Pellet

This study aims to evaluate the physical quality of fish feed pellets formulated with different concentration of fermented restaurant waste meal (FRWM). The treatments given consisted of treatment A (control, without adding FRWM), treatment B (adding FRWM 10%), treatment C (adding FRWM 20%), treatment D (adding FRWM 30%) and treatment E (adding FRWM 40%). The study was conducted from July to October 2019 at the Aquaculture Laboratory and Hatchery in Ciparanje of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran. The parameters observed include the breaking rate test, sinking rate test, durability test, and stability test. Results showed that the use of FRWM given significant difference (p<0.05) for breaking rate and stability value. However, result showed that the sinking rate and durability value generally did not show significant difference (p>0.05). The FRWM can be used up to a concentration of 30% which gives effect to the sinking rate of the fish pellet which is similar to the control fish pellet namely 0.38 cm/s while the concentration of the meal of the FRWM gives the closest value of breaking rate and stability control as much as treatment B (adding FRWM 10%) with a break rate for 19.93 hours and stability in water for 10 minutes by 91.66%, 30 minutes by 87.60%, and for 60 minutes by 75.26%. The different adding concerntration of FRWM gives effect to the quality of fish pellet while more than 10% can decrease its quality. The difference were show in all treatment in some parameters observed.

Improving the reliability of durability prediction of building materials and structures as one of the factors of sustainable economic development

During operation, building materials and structures in buildings and structures are exposed to a whole range of adverse effects, leading to the loss of their performance characteristics.It is shown that at present there is a possibility to predict the durability of building materials and structures already at the stage of their design without carrying out additional inspections during operation. This prediction is based on the concept thermal fluctuations destruction and deformation of the solid body. Experimental studies are presented to determine the effect of temperature and stress on the value of durability for polyvinyl chloride plates during cross bending, on the basis of which the thermal fluctuation constants of the generalized Zhurkov equation are found by three different methods. A comparative analysis of them is made and a method for their determination is proposed, which makes it possible to increase the accuracy of the durability prediction.

Study of Laston BC durability and permeability using coconut shell addition materials

Durability is the ability of asphalt concrete to accept repetition of traffic loads, friction, and weather and climate wear, while permeability is the ability of pavement surfaces to hold water seepage into pavement. Besides, the pore volume in the mixture is one of the most important AC-WC characteristics which are related to the level of water impermeability in the pavement layers. The purposes of this study is to investigates the effect of adding coconut fibers by 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% on durability and permeability the surface layer of Laston BC. The results obtained are the stability of the asphalt mixture in accepting the load without changing the plastic shape and following the trend of the 2nd order polynomial line. VIM values tend to rise then decrease until 48 hours immersion. It is found that the use of coconut fibers improved the impermeability properties of the surface layer of Laston BC. The value of mixed flow is influenced by the addition of coconut fibers, where if the fibers increase to 1%, then the flow will decrease. The durability value due to the addition of 1% and 1.5% coconut fibers can only be tolerated at the submergence limit of Laston BC for 30 hours while the addition of coconut fibers from 0% to 2% Laston BC can only submerged for 12 hours. The permeability values of the mixture decreases by 0.51 cm/sec for each addition of 0.5% coconut fibers.

Influence of the Hot-pressing Process on the Durability of Totora (Schoenoplectus Californicus C.A. Mey. Soják) Binderless Boards against Wood-decaying Organisms

ABSTRACT Totora (Schoenoplectus californicus C.A. Mey. Soják) is a macrophyte from the Cyperaceae family that grows in the Americas. Recent studies have shown the feasibility of producing binderless boards using different tissues of totora stems. However, no data about the durability of raw totora stems or totora binderless boards have been published before. Therefore, durability tests were conducted to study their durability against wood-decaying organisms. Results showed that binderless boards produced by hot-pressing process showed higher resistance against white-rot fungi and termites than the raw material. Chemical changes induced by the hot-pressing process were studied and compared with observed durability values to identify possible correlations.

ТОВАРОЗНАВЧА ЕКСПЕРТИЗА ПОЛІМЕРНИХ ПАКЕТІВ ТИПУ МАЙКА ТОВ «КОМСЕРВ УКРАЇНА»

Мета. З’ясування особливостей проведення експертизи пакетів полімерних типумайка виготовлених ТОВ «Комсерв Україна» для встановлення відповідності показників їхспоживних властивостей вимогам чинних нормативних документів.Методика. Під час проведення товарознавчої експертизи були використані наступніметоди дослідження: органолептичні (дослідження маркування, визначення типу,перевірка зовнішнього вигляду та швів полімерних пакетів, ідентифікації полімерногоматеріалу), вимірювальні (розривальне навантаження, розмірні характеристики).Результати. Визначено доцільність проведення товарознавчої експертизиполімерних пакетів, так як у сучасній промисловості неможливе виробництво товарів безналежного упакування. Упаковка – це засіб чи комплекс засобів, що забезпечує захистпродукції від пошкодження і втрат, навколишнього середовища – від забруднень, а такожпроцес обігу продукції. У статті представлено розроблений порядок проведеннятоварознавчої експертизи полімерних пакетів типу майка, який включає такі основніетапи: аналіз документів, ідентифікація об’єкта дослідження, дослідження показниківспоживних властивостей, аналіз одержаних результатів, формулювання обґрунтованоїаргументованої відповіді на запитання, поставлене на вирішення перед експертом.Представлено результати товарознавчої експертизи, якими встановлено, що надані длядослідження полімерні пакети (тип майка, виробництво ТОВ «Комсерв Україна») занаявним маркуванням відповідають вимогам ДСТУ 4260:2003 Тара і пакованняспожиткові. Марковання. Загальні вимоги. Це дало змогу ідентифікувати пакети зурахуванням природи пакувального матеріалу та його виробника. Визначити шляхиподальшого їх використання у разі вирішення проблеми впровадження системи збираннята переробки. Внутрішня поверхня пакетів не злипається; пакети художньо оформлені;шви шириною 0,1 мм розташовувані від краю пакета на відстані 10 мм; шви пакетів рівні,без пропалених місць та зморшок, герметичні. За досліджуваними показниками – розмірні характеристики, ширина шва, його розміщення та якість, матеріал виготовлення,товщини плівки, відповідають вимогам регламентованими ДСТУ 7275:2012 Пакети зполімерних та комбінованих матеріалів. Загальні технічні умови та не відповідаютьвстановленим вимогам за значенням показника міцність при розриві.Практична значимість. Розроблений та апробований порядок проведеннятоварознавчої експертизи полімерних пакетів може бути використано під час проведенняекспертиз експертними організаціями, у ході який встановлюється відповідністьпоказників споживних властивостей вимогам чинних нормативних документів або умовамконтракту.

Способы создания функциональных моделей деталей газотурбинных двигателей с использованием численного моделирования и алгоритмов машинного обучения на примере диска турбины

Each aircraft gas turbine engine has design, layout and technological features that affect its operational life. To take into account all the factors that affect the operational life of the engine, a large amount of calculations is required. In this regard, it is important to develop functional models that represent virtual images of the main parts of each engine and contain information about their geometry, loading parameters and characteristics. These models should express the relationship between the many parameters measured and calculated during flight with the calculated values of the cyclic durability of the main engine parts. In recent years, machine learning has been used to solve such problems. The essence of this method is in training in the process of analyzing a variety of solutions under different parameters. This paper presents an approach that allows creating functional models of gas turbine engine elements using numerical modeling of the heat-stressed state and machine learning algorithms.

The Study of Concrete Durability with PPC Premium and PPC Non Premium Cement

Concrete structures reinforced with steel formed an important part of recent infrastructures. Today, the rate of use of cement is higher than 40 years ago. An approximation amount of 11 billion metric ton of cement per year has been consumed in the whole world. The aims of this research are: (1) to obtain the durability value of concrete with PPC Premium Cement and PPC Non-Premium Cement, (2) to obtain the degree of comparison of concrete durability, (3) to obtain the durability parameters. This research based on ASTM International standards, conducts in 224 days non-stop, to obtain following data: (1) compressive strength, (2) rebound number, (3) pulse velocity number, (4) modulus of rupture, and (5) corrosion rate. The test result: (1) PPC Premium cement give a relatively good performance rather than PPC Non-Premium cement. This is based on both destructive and non-destructive test, (2) the modulus of rupture’s value also giving the PPC Premium cement act relatively good than PPC Non-Premium cement, (3) test on severe environment, concrete treatment by mean of waterproofing proved to be effective to reduce the rate of steel destruction., (4) on a practical use, cement with high fineness modulus can give a better performance.

Skin Lesion Detection Based on Fuzzy Logic

Melanoma is the maximal destructive type of skin disease. Occurrence ratios of melanoma seemed expanding, particularly with non-Hispanic white guys and females, however durability values are more whenever identified early. Requirement of cost as well as time for the imates to go for dermatologist for melanoma are restrictively exorbitant. Test in actualizing such a framework is finding the derma sore in the computerized picture. An arrangement of agent surface appropriations are found out from an enlightenment remedied photo and surface peculiarity metric is ascertained for every circulation. Melanoma represents around 75% of passings related with skin tumor. The fundamental objective of our work is to build up a structure that naturally right and section the skin injury from an information photo. This philosophy utilizes surface peculiarity injury division fluffy calculation to distinguish the injuries in the skin. The upside of this undertaking is early recognition of the sore to dodge skin tumor at later stages

Something out of nothing: a Bayesian learning computational model for the social construction of value

ABSTRACTThis article develops a formalism for the social construction of value. Using a model based on Bayesian agents, it demonstrates how “something” arises out of “nothing” via the emergence of durable value conventions and shows how the developed framework can be used to investigate socially constructed valuations under a variety of circumstances. The resulting analysis clarifies why assumptions that collectives will converge upon the “intrinsic” (i.e., non-socially originating) value of an object (e.g., market efficiency) may not hold for mixed social and non-social valuation regimes, explains the dependency of socially constructed valuations on early accidents, demonstrates the effects of confident actors on constructed values, and identifies the production of time-dependent ratcheting effects from the interaction of bubbles with value conventions.

Effect of Recycled Plastic Granules as a Partial Substitute for Natural Resource Sand on the Durability of SCC

This investigation is focused on durability studies of binary blended self-compacting concrete (SCC) with the replacement effect of electronic plastic waste, namely high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) granules as partial sand. In the current investigation, for all the SCC mixes, cement is replaced with pozzolanic material fly ash in the binder content of 497 kg/m3 and an adopted water-to-binder ratio of 0.36. Durability properties such as porosity, water absorption, and sorptivity are assessed for the curing periods of 28 and 90 days on SCC specimens produced with HIPS (0%–40% replacement by volume of sand). Both surface and internal water absorption rates were found to be minimal for SCC with HIPS. Replacement of HIPS up to 30% in SCC exhibited improved trends for all tests results. Reported durability parameter values were within permissible limits and revealed the excellent performance of HIPS in SCC. The optimum durability values can be attributed to the dense microstructure of SCC obtained with the combined effect of HIPS and fly ash. The continuous gradation of aggregates in the matrix reduced porosity due to the spherical shape of HIPS; additionally, the hydrophobicity of HIPS inhibits moisture migration in SCC. The additional benefits of fly ash, such as pozzolanic action and the filler effect at the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) are also major contributions to the long-term performance of durability. Electronic plastic waste replacement for fine aggregates in concrete compensates for the disposal problem and conserves natural sand.

Twin-screw Extrusion Processing of Plant-Based Blends Using Graded Levels of High Protein Fermented Soybean Meal (FSBM)

Fast-paced growth in global aquaculture has elevated concerns about the high costs of fish farming production and potential water pollution. Thus, finding eco-friendly and more sustainable alternative protein sources for fish diets is of vital importance to the industry. A twin-screw extrusion processing study was performed using three ingredient blends formulated with graded levels of high protein fermented soybean meal (FSBM) (0, 80% and 100% db fishmeal replacement) along with calculated amounts of other ingredients to meet the rainbow trout diets’ requirements. Increasing the FSBM content from 0% to 100% resulted in a substantial increase in brightness, greenness, and yellowness, and a decrease in bulk density, water absorption index, and unit density (UD) values of the extrudates by 12.5%, 73%, 30%, 7.3%, 27.5%, and 10%, respectively. Compared to the control diet (100% fishmeal-based), extrudate moisture contents increased by 15.2% and 22% for the diets containing 80 and 100% FSBM, respectively; although no change was observed by increasing FSBM from 80 to 100%. The highest water solubility index (WSI) was obtained for 80% FSBM; however, further increasing FSBM did not influence the WSI significantly. All extrudates exhibited low water activity and high pellet durability values (less than 0.5 and more than 99.5%, respectively). The most buoyant extrudates were obtained using total FSBM inclusion, with UD and expansion ratio values of nearly 660 kg/m3 and 1.3, respectively. Overall, results indicated that FSBM could be a promising alternative protein in vegetable-based blends.

The utilization of different binders for pelleted native chicken ration based on coconut meat waste supplemented with mannanolytic thermophilic bacteria and thermostable mannanase: a physical characteristic of pelleted native chicken ration

This research aim was to know the influence of addition of binders (bentonite, tapioca flour, gambier liquid waste, and onggok) on physical characteristics of pelleted native chicken ration based on coconut meat waste supplemented with mannanolytic thermophilic bacteria and thermostable mannanase. A completely randomized design was applied in this experiment with five treatments and five replicates. Moisture content, angle of response, bulk and compacted bulk densities, specific gravity, compaction rate, and pellet durability were determined. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance according to completely randomized design and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Data indicated that moisture content, bulk density, compact bulk density and pellet durability affected significantly by binders, while angle of response, specific gravity and compaction rate had no affected by the presence of binders. Moisture content, bulk density, compacted bulk density, pellet durability of ration with binders were significantly different with ration without binder. Ration with gambier liquid waste binder had the highest value for bulk density and compacted bulk density, i.e. 1.36 g/cm3±0.011 and 1.46 g/cm3±001 respectively, while the value of pellet durability in ration with bentonite and tapioca flour binders were higher than others (98.63±0.11 and 98.49±0.05). It is concluded that the addition of binders in native chicken ration based on coconut meat waste supplemented with mannanolytic thermophilic bacteria and thermostable mannanase pelleted were able to improve the physical characteristic of native breed chicken ration.

Determination of Mechanical and Energetic Properties of Reed Canary Grass Pellets Production

Authors of the article are evaluating characteristics of half‑operational experimental agro‑pellets production. The problems of production and use of agro‑pellets is the current issue. It’s a way to apply part of the agricultural production in the market. It is also an opportunity to replace part of the fossil fuels and increase the share of renewables. But the use of phytomass is bringing many problems. First, it is important that the manufactured products will be succeeded on the raw materials market. Agro‑pellets therefore must have characteristics that support their competitiveness and allow their classification. The advantage comes if the agro‑pellets properties are comparable with traditional fuels and their combustion is possible in standard boilers. This objective can be achieved in several ways. The production of mixed fuels is one from the possible ways. Phytomass is pressed into pellet form in a mixture with other raw materials, usually based on powder coal or wood. The advantage of mixed fuels production is the ability to influence the final properties according to market demands and requirements of legislation. The research activity results, which are given in the text, were aimed at the possibility of Reed Canary Grass applying as part of a mixed fuel in various concentrations. The pellets are based on Reed Canary Grass and wooden biomass in the form of saw‑dust. Addition of sawdust has negative influence on the presser productivity, but has a positive impact on mechanical and burning qualities of final products. Mechanical durability values of pellets were increased by 4.8 and 3.0% with the sawdust addition. The specific weight of pellets was increased even by 31.9%. Hand in hand with the raising amount of sawdust in pellets, the decline of CO emissions in exhaust gas was proven.

Experimental researches of book blocks spine processing by cylindrical milling cutter during perfect binding

ABSTRACT The application of a cylindrical milling cutter for the spine processing during the book blocks perfect binding has been grounded. To perform the research, an experimental test bench was designed and mounted on a Trendbinder machine. The influence of the recess depth, the angle of the milling cutter installation and the blocks speed on the strength and durability of adhesive bonding have been investigated. The gluing of book spine has been performed by means two types of glues – hot melt and PVAD adhesives. As a criterion for high-quality perfect binding there were accepted the strength and durability, measured on a Sig-loch PF-1 laboratory device by the well-known ‘pull’ and ‘flex’ methods. According to the results of experimental research, technological parameters of spine processing by a cylindrical milling cutter, able to provide the maximum strength and durability of book blocks perfect binding have been determined. It was established that the obtained values of strength and durability correspond to a very good binding strength according to the generally accepted standards. A comparative analysis of the results has shown a 17–28% increase in strength compared to the suitable indicators for book blocks manufactured on the Trendbinder machine using existing technology.

Pelletization of wood and alternative residual biomass blends for producing industrial quality pellets

Pellets for industrial use were produced from blends of pine sawdust (PIN) and alternative residual biomasses in a pilot-scale pelletizer. The effect of the pelletization temperature (T = 50–80 °C) and biomass moisture content (MC = 14–20%) on pine sawdust pellet quality was studied by using response surface methodology (RSM). Pelletization performance was evaluated on the basis of the durability, bulk density, moisture content, lower heating value (LHV), energy density, diameter, length and density of the pellets. From the RSM analysis, a maximum durability value of 99.4% was obtained at T = 80 °C and MC = 16.6%. Under these conditions, all the parameters showed values within the required range of industrial pellet qualities, i.e., a bulk density of 616 kg/m3, a pellet moisture content of 7.6%, a lower heating value (as received) of 18 MJ/kg, a diameter of 6.2 mm and a length of 23.4 mm. Blends of pine sawdust with eleven unconventional biomass samples were then pelletized under the optimum conditions to obtain pellets for industrial use according to the categories of quality defined by ISO 17225-2. Blends of pine sawdust with almond shells (AS) and olive stones (OS) contents of up to 30 wt%, as well as with pine cone leafs (PCL) contents of up to 15 wt%, produced I1 pellets. Blends of pine sawdust with coffee dregs (CD), coffee husks (CH) and grape pomace (GP) proportions of up to 10 wt%, as well as with hazelnut shells (HS), miscanthus (MIS), pine kernel shells (PKS) and switchgrass (SG) contents of up to 15 wt%, and also with a PCL content of between 15 and 30 wt%, generated I3 class pellets. Classification was not possible for cocoa shells (CS) mixed with pine sawdust due to the low bulk density of the pellets. Energy consumption resulting from the pelletization of the blends was evaluated with values ranging from 0.09 to 0.33 kWh/kg, while the pelletization of pine sawdust required 0.18 kWh/kg. The addition of alternative biomass feedstocks to pine sawdust may therefore serve to reduce energy consumption in industrial pelletization.