D1 Values Research Articles

Cyclin D1: A Golden Gene in Cancer, Cardiotoxicity, and Cardioprotection

Objective: Cyclin D1 is an essential protein that acts as a mitogenic sensor. In this manuscript, we discuss the importance of cyclin D1 in oncology and cardio-oncology, and we challenge the prognostic and therapeutic response values of cyclin D1 to figure out if it can be a beneficial marker. We also discuss the agents and microRNAs that can be used as a potential therapeutic approach via regulating cyclin D1 expression in oncology and cardio-oncology. Discussion: Clinical significance of cyclin D1 is defined not only in several cancers such as breast cancer, melanoma, and glioblastoma but also in cardiomyocyte regeneration and cardiac hypertrophic growth. Several studies have indicated that the injection of cardiotoxic agents such as doxorubicin (DOX) induces damage to the cardiac system and increases cyclin D expression at single injection, which might be related to DXO-mediated damage in the adult heart. However, cyclin D1 overexpression leads to hypertrophic growth of cardiomyocytes, and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)) inhibitors such as p16 do not inhibit the hypertrophic growth of cardiomyocytes. Thus, the reaction is CDK-independent. Conclusions: Cyclin D1 overexpression is positively correlated with tumor progression, treatment response, cardiotoxicity, and poor prognosis. Cyclin D1 expression has an important role in cardiac hypertrophy, and it can be a promising marker in monitoring cardiomyocyte treatment responses, cardioprotection, and cardiotoxicity. Finally, cyclin D1 plays an important role in hypertrophic growth of cardiomyocytes via a novel mechanism. Given all these pieces of evidence, cyclin D1 can be introduced as a favorable biomarker in future cardiology and cardio-oncology.

Study on the Influence of mRNA, the Genetic Language, on Protein Folding Rates.

Many works have reported that protein folding rates are influenced by the characteristics of amino acid sequences and protein structures. However, few reports on the problem of whether the corresponding mRNA sequences are related to the protein folding rates can be found. An mRNA sequence is regarded as a kind of genetic language, and its vocabulary and phraseology must provide influential information regarding the protein folding rate. In the present work, linear regressions on the parameters of the vocabulary and phraseology of mRNA sequences and the corresponding protein folding rates were analyzed. The results indicated that D2 (the adjacent base-related information redundancy) values and the GC content values of the corresponding mRNA sequences exhibit significant negative relations with the protein folding rates, but D1 (the single base information redundancy) values exhibit significant positive relations with the protein folding rates. In addition, the results show that the relationships between the parameters of the genetic language and the corresponding protein folding rates are obviously different for different protein groups. Some useful parameters that are related to protein folding rates were found. The results indicate that when predicting protein folding rates, the information from protein structures and their amino acid sequences is insufficient, and some information for regulating the protein folding rates must be derived from the mRNA sequences.

The prognostic value of cyclin D1 in breast cancer patients treated with hormonal therapy: A pilot study

The aimof the study was to determine the clinical relevance of cyclin D1 (cD1) and its association with clinicopathological parameters in breast cancer patients treated with hormonal therapy. Material and methodsThe study included 96 primary breast cancer patients with known clinicopathological parameters. In adjuvant setting, 44 patients were tamoxifen-treated and 52 were treated with ovarian irradiation/ablation. The cD1 status (gene amplified/nonamplified) was determined on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue sections by chromogenic in situ hybridization. Associations between parameters were analyzed by Chi-square and Spearman’s rank order correlation tests. Cox proportional hazards regression test was performed. Survival curves for relapse-free survival were constructed according to the Kaplan-Meier method. ResultsThere were no significant associations between cyclin D1 and clinicopathological parameters in either patient group. Amplified cyclin D1 associated significantly with the actual relapse incidence in the ovarian ablation patient group (p = 0.01, HR = 3.1), but not in the tamoxifen-treated patient group. Estrogen receptor and cyclin D1 have proven to be independent parameters of poor outcome in the ovarian ablation patient group (p = 0.03, HR = 2.9; and p = 0.009, HR = 2.5; respectively). ConclusionsCyclin D1 might be a candidate biomarker of poor outcome in breast cancer patients treated with ovarian ablation, suggesting its possible involvement in acquirement of hormonal resistance. The role of cyclin D1 as potential parameter of response to tamoxifen was not as pronounced.

The antibacterial effects of vitamin D3 against mutans streptococci: an in vitro study.

This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of the cholecalciferol vitamin D3 against Streptococcus sobrinus (Strep. sobrinus) and Streptococcus mutans (Strep. mutans) bacteria in vitro that is considered the main causative bacteria in dental caries development. The antimicrobial effects of vitamin D3 were evaluated against Strep. sobrinus and Strep mutans using the agar disc diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of vitamin D3 were determined using a microdilution method following the guidelines by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to evaluate the morphological changes of bacterial cells following exposure to vitamin D3. Strep. sobrinus was more sensitive to vitamin D3 compared to Strep. mutans bacteria. The MIC values of vitamin D3 against Strep. sobrinus and Strep. mutans were 60 μg/ mL and 250 μg/mL respectively whereas the MBC values were 120 μg/mL and 500 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, significant changes in the bacterial morphology were observed in treated bacterial cells with vitamin D3 as compared to the untreated control bacteria using SEM. These findings suggested that vitamin D3 has excellent antimicrobial effects against Strep. sobrinus and Strep. mutans and may be considered as a promising compound in the prevention of dental caries in the future. Further research is recommended to elucidate the mechanism of vitamin D3 on these bacteria.

Comparison of laboratory parameters between children with and without febrile convulsion

Background/Aim: Febrile convulsion is the most common central nervous system disease of childhood. The etiology of febrile convulsion is not fully brightened. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between hemogram, biochemical and hormonal parameters and febrile convulsion, and the roles of laboratory parameters in its etiopathogenesis. Methods: A total of fifty-four patients diagnosed with febrile convulsion in the pediatric neurology outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital from October 2017 to December 2018 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Age, sex, age of first convulsion, type of convulsion and laboratory parameters of the patients were recorded. ILAE classification system was used for the diagnosis of febrile convulsion. Febrile convulsion patients were included in the study group, while the control group was randomly selected from patients between 6 months and 6 years of age who visited general pediatric outpatient clinic. Results: A total of 54 patients (30 males, 24 females) in the study group and 82 patients (53 males, 29 females) in the control group were included in the study (P=0.288). The mean ages of the patients in the study and control groups were 30.31 (14.64) months and 32.32 (19.70) months, respectively (P=0.524). Mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet count, 25-OH D3, vitamin B12 and phosphorus values were significantly lower in the study group (P<0.001, P=0.013, P=0.017, P=0.020). Conclusion: MPV, platelet count, 25 OH D3, vitamin B12 lower levels may be risk factors for febrile convulsion. Studies related to the etiopathogenesis of febrile convulsion are necessary to enlighten the subject and laboratory results will be the guide in this sense.

Evaluation of Penman-Monteith Model Based on Sentinel-2 Data for the Estimation of Actual Evapotranspiration in Vineyards

Water scarcity is one of the most important problems of agroecosystems in Mediterranean and semiarid areas, especially for species such as vineyards that largely depend on irrigation. Actual evapotranspiration (ET) is a variable that represents water consumption of a crop, integrating climate and biophysical variables. Actual evapotranspiration models based on remote sensing data from visible bands of Sentinel-2, including Penman-Monteith–Stewart (RS-PMS) and Penman-Monteith–Leuning (RS-PML), were evaluated at different temporal scales in a Cabernet Sauvignon vineyard (Vitis vinifera L.) located in central Chile, and their performance compared with independent ET measurements from an eddy covariance system (EC) and outputs from models based on thermal infrared data from Landsat 7 and Landsat 8, such as Mapping EvapoTranspiration with high Resolution and Internalized Calibration (METRIC) and Priestley–Taylor Two-Source Model (TSEB-PT). The RS-PMS model showed the best goodness of fit for all temporal scales evaluated, especially at instantaneous and daily ET, with root mean squared error (RMSE) of 28.9 Wm−2 and 0.52 mm day−1, respectively, and Willmott agreement index (d1) values of 0.77 at instantaneous scale and 0.7 at daily scale. Additionally, both approaches of RS-PM model were evaluated incorporating a soil evaporation estimation method, one considering the soil water content (fSWC) and the other hand, using the ratio of accumulated precipitation and equivalent evaporation (fZhang), achieving the best fit at instantaneous scale for RS-PMS fSWC method with relative root mean squared error (%RMSE) of 15.2% in comparison to 58.8% of fZhang. Finally, the relevance of the RS-PMS model was highlighted in the assessment and monitoring of vineyard drip irrigation in terms of crop coefficient (Kc) estimation, which is one of the methods commonly used in irrigation planning, yielding a comparable Kc to the one obtained by the EC tower with a bias around 9%.

Effects of stocking density on survival, growth and stress resistance of juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) reared in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS)

The effects of different stocking densities (StDs) on growth and stress resistance rate (Rs) to air exposure (to evaluate the health condition of fish) of juvenile Colossoma macropomum in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) were investigated. A total of 1064 juveniles (0.35 ± 0.10 g) were stocked in 0.5 (D0.5), 1 (D1), 3 (D3), and 5 animals/L (D5) in four different RASs of four circular tanks (28 L) each, and fed at 10% biomass/day. Growth and survival were assessed at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. After 60 days, a 75-min air exposure test was conducted for each StD treatment and Rs determined. Regression analyses were performed for growth parameters. At 15 days, weight (W), weight gain (WG), daily weight gain (DWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion rate (FCR), and specific growth rate (SGR) were highest for D3. At 30 days, FI was highest at the StD values estimated through the derivation of the equation of 3.55 animals/L. At 45 days, WG, DWG, and SGR decreased with increasing StD. At 60 days, W was inversely proportional to StD. Biomass was directly related to StD at the end of all periods. Air exposure stress test found that after 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h, Rs values for D3 and D5 were highest and for D0.5 lowest. Stocking densities of between 3 and 4 animals/L are recommended for the first 30 days, while higher StDs affected weight between 30 and 60 days. Animals at StDs between 3 and 5 animals/L are more resistant.

Smell Regions in Patients with Vitamin D Deficiency: An MRI Evaluation.

Objective We investigated the effects of vitamin D deficiency in the peripheral and central smell regions by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods This retrospective study included 29 patients (12 males, 17 females) with 25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 [25(OH) 2 D 3 ] deficiency (group 1) and 34 subjects without 25(OH) 2 D 3 deficiency (14 males, 20 females) (group 2). Using cranial MRIs, the peripheral (olfactory bulb [OB] volume and olfactory sulcus [OS] depth) and central (insular gyrus and corpus amygdala) smell regions were evaluated. Results The OB volume and OS depth values of the 25(OH) 2 D3 deficiency group were significantly lower than those of the control group ( p < 0.05). For the central smell regions, the insular gyrus and corpus amygdala areas of the 25(OH) 2 D3 deficiency group were nonsignificantly lower than those in the control group ( p > 0.05). There were positive correlations between OB volumes, OS depths, and insular gyrus and corpus amygdala areas bilaterally in the 25(OH) 2 D3 deficiency group separately and in all subjects (groups 1 and 2) ( p < 0.05). In the 25(OH) 2 D3 deficiency group, as the 25(OH) 2 D3 values became lower, the insular gyrus area values decreased bilaterally ( p < 0.05). In females, the corpus amygdala area values were lower than in males ( p < 0.05). Conclusion Since vitamin D3 deficiency affected the peripheral and central smell regions negatively, we recommend evaluating patients' vitamin D levels as a health policy to prevent vitamin D3 deficiency-related cranial smell region problems. Moreover, sunlight exposure is very important to increase vitamin D levels, and the public should be informed about this topic.

Retrospective investigation of peripheric blood sampling in pediatric chalazion patients.

To compare serum thyroid hormone, vitamin B12, vitamin D3, folic acid, and ferritin levels between pediatric chalazion patients and healthy children. Under 18-year-old chalazion patients and age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included into this retrospective case-control study. The peripheric blood sampling results obtained within six months from ophthalmological examination were investigated for statistical analysis. Free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), vitamin B12, vitamin D3, folic acid, and ferritin levels of the chalazion and control groups were compared. The male-to-female ratio was 8/28 in the chalazion group and 22/48 in the control group (p > 0.05). The mean age was 13.891 ± 3.924years (3-17) and 12.346 ± 3.963years (4-17) in the groups, respectively (p > 0.05). The mean time between ophthalmological examination and peripheric blood sampling was 3.012 ± 2.201months (0-6) and 2.092 ± 1.906months (0-6) in the groups, respectively (p > 0.05). The mean value of ferritin was 18.641 ± 8.971μg/L (5.900-38.600) in the chalazion group and 35.455 ± 24.561μg/L (11.850-106.100) in the control group (p = 0.019). The mean values of FT3, FT4, TSH, vitamin B12, vitamin D3, and folic acid levels were similar between the groups (p > 0.05 for all). This study reports that pediatric chalazion patients have lower serum ferritin level than healthy children.

Clinical impact of the flattening filter free irradiation in fixed-field IMRT and VMAT for stage I–II nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma

ABSTRACT The study aimed to investigate clinical impact of the flattening filter free (FFF) irradiation in fixed-field intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for patients with stage I–II nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NNKTCL). Four different plans, fixed-field IMRT, and VMAT plans with and without flattening filter (FF) (IMRT FF, IMRT FFF, VMAT FF, and VMAT FFF) were created for each of selected patients. Target quality, organs at risk (OARs) sparing, and tumor control probability (TCP) were compared between IMRT and VMAT with and without FF. The values of D98%, V95%, and conformal index were 0.03 Gy (P = 0.028), 0.03% (P = 0.048), and 0.002 (P = 0.002) lower with IMRT FFF than with IMRT FF, and the values of D2%, Dmean, and homogeneity index were 0.14 Gy (P = 0.018), 0.1 Gy (P = 0.007), and 0.002 (P = 0.008) higher with VMAT FFF than with VMAT FF. The TCP was higher with FFF beam than flattened beam in IMRT and VMAT. The results show that FFF irradiation achieved slightly worse target quality than FF irradiation in IMRT and VMAT for stage I–II NNKTCL. FFF beam was advantageous to increase the TCP in IMRT and VMAT.

Rapid improvement in vitamin D status with dietary 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in vitamin D insufficient dogs.

Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with various disease processes. We determined whether consumption of a diet supplemented with HyD®, a 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D3) source, would safely increase plasma 25(OH)D3 concentrations in Golden Retrievers with low vitamin D status. We hypothesised that dietary supplementation with HyD® would rapidly increase and sustain plasma 25(OH)D3 levels in healthy Golden Retrievers with low vitamin D status compared with supplementation with vitamin D3. Of fifty-seven privately owned dogs recruited with written owner consent, eighteen dogs with low vitamin D status were identified and sorted between two groups to have similar initial plasma 25(OH)D3 concentrations, sex distributions, ages and body weights. Dogs of each group were fed a dry dog food supplemented with either 16 μg/kg of 25(OH)D3 as HyD® (n 10) or 81 μg/kg of cholecalciferol (D3) (n 8) for 4 months. Plasma 25(OH)D3 concentrations were determined monthly. A significant time effect (P < 0⋅001) and time by group interaction (P = 0⋅0045) were found for monthly determined plasma 25(OH)D3 concentrations. Dogs fed the HyD®-supplemented diet experienced a 40⋅5 % rise in plasma 25(OH)D3 values after 1 month (P < 0⋅001) and no change thereafter. Plasma 25(OH)D3 values of dogs supplemented with vitamin D3 did not increase (P > 0⋅05) and were less than values of dogs supplemented with HyD® (P = 0⋅044). With few exceptions, average haematologic, biochemical and urinalyses results remained within the reference range for both groups. Dietary supplementation with HyD® is sufficient to safely increase and sustain plasma 25(OH)D3 levels in healthy dogs.

GxE Interactions Analysis of Wheat Genotypes Evaluated Under Peninsular Zone of the Country by AMMI Model

AMMI analysis of wheat genotypes had highlighted significant effects of environments, interactions and genotypes for the 2017-18 and 2018-19. Number of adaptability measures had been studied as per utilization of number of significant interaction principal components (IPCs). Total of interaction variations exploited by Type-1, 2, 3, 4 & 5 measures were 45.5%, 66.3%, 75.9% & 88.4% respectively. Type-1 measures EV1, D1, ASTAB1 identified (G7, G6, G12) genotypes while SIPC1 selected (G14, G17, G2). EV2, D2, ASTAB2, ASV and ASV1 measures found (G7, G6, G4) as desirable genotypes. Analytic measures based on all significant IPCA’s i.e. MASV and MASV1 settled for G6, G7, and G3. Adaptability measures GAI, HM, PRVG & MHPRVG observed G13, G4, and G12 genotypes would be of stable adaptations. Biplot analysis seen largest cluster comprised D3, D5, EV2, EV3, EV5, ASTAB3, ASTAB5, MASV1, MASV and Standard deviation measures. Genotypes were ranked G9, G11, and G6 by values of EV1, D1 & ASTAB1 for second year of study. D2, ASV, ASV1, EV2 & ASTAB2 observed (G9, G6, and G11) as adaptable genotypes. MASV & MASV1 measures also supported G9, G6, G11 genotypes for the considered locations of the zone. Studied measures were clustered in three groups in graphical analysis. Three clusters were observed among studied measures by biplot analysis. Measures EV1, EV2, EV3, D1, D2, D3, ASV, ASV1, MASV, MASV1, ASTAB1, and ASTAB2 & ASTAB3 formed largest cluster.

Investigation on the Structure and Fractal Characteristics of Nanopores in High-Rank Coal: Implications for the Methane Adsorption Capacity.

The structure and fractal characteristics of nanopores of high-rank coal were investigated using an approach that integrates N₂ adsorption and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The results indicated that the high-rank coal of the Shanxi Formation has a complex pore-fracture network composed of organic matter pores, mineral-related pores, and microfractures. The pore type of high-rank coal tends to be complicated, and the main pore types are inkbottle pores and open pores, which are more conducive to methane enrichment. The Ro,max has a negative relationship with the total pore volume. In addition, the ash and inertinite contents show a positive correlation with the average pore size (APS), while the fixed carbon content exhibits a negative relationship with the APS. The pore structure of high-rank coal is controlled not only by the degree of metamorphism but also by coal composition, which leads to the variation in pore structure becoming more complicated. With the increase in coal metamorphism, high-rank coal with high amounts of fixed carbon content generally possesses a higher irregularity in pore structure. No obvious relationship was observed between D₂ and the coal components, which indicates that the pore structure, ash content, moisture content and other factors controlled by the metamorphism of coal have different effects on D₂ that lead to this inapparent relationship. A negative relationship exists between adsorption volume and D1, which indicates that the high irregularity of the pore structure is not conducive to methane absorption and that no obvious correlation exists between the adsorption volume and D₂. In the high-rank coal, the high D1 value represents the complexity and heterogeneity of the pore structure and represents a low adsorption affinity for methane molecules; in addition, D₂ has no effect on the methane adsorption capacity.

Flexible Pavement Components for Optimum Performance in Rutting and fatigue (Dept.C)

Premature failure of flexible pavements has long been a problem in many Egyptians roads with the drastic increase in truck axle loads. To fully utilize each pavement material in an economic design, a pavement should generally have reasonably balanced design between the rutting and fatigue modes of distress. The purpose of this paper is to develop a methodology for achieving a reasonable balance between fatigue and rutting lives of flexible pavements. The methodology is based on the damage analysis concept which is performed for both fatigue cracking and rutting on different pavement sections using KENLAYER program. The investigated pavement components are; thickness (d1 and d2) and elasticity modulus (E1 and E2) for asphalt layer and base layer, respectively, and subgrade elasticity modulus (E3). The results of pavement analysis showed that d2 and E3 are the key elements which control the equilibrium between fatigue and rutting lives (Nr, and Nr, respectively). That is because, increasing d2 and E3 sharply increases Ng, and don't affect in Nr. The study also concluded that, increasing dl significantly increases both Nf and Nr, while increasing E2 and El mildly increases Nf and Nr. Finally, the study has recommended pavement sections with any values of d1, El or E2 at d2 = 12-in. along with E3 = 8,000 psi, for optimum utilization of pavement components with respect to fatigue and rutting.

Effects of single injection of vitamin D3 on some immune and oxidative stress characteristics in transition dairy cows

Recent studies suggest that vitamin D may have preventive and therapeutic effects on autoimmune disease, cancer, and diabetes type 1 and 2 beyond the skeletal condition and calcium metabolism. To demonstrate the effects of an over-supplemented single 8 million I.U. vitamin D3 IM injection on the modulation of immune responses and oxidative/antioxidative variables in transition dairy cows, this study was conducted on a commercial dairy farm with about 1500 lactating cows in the Tehran province, Iran. Twenty-four multiparous Holstein cows were randomly categorized into control and treatment groups. In the treatment group, 12 cows received a single dose of 8,000,000 IU vitamin D intramuscularly. In the control group, a placebo (distilled water) was injected into 12 cows 2 to 8 days before the expected calving time. Blood samples were collected on 21 and 7 days before calving and 1,3,7,15, and 30 days after calving. 25(OH)vitamin D3, tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (INF-γ), haptoglobin, interleukin 6 (IL-6), ferric reducing the ability of plasma (FRAP), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and hemolysate GPx were measured. This study showed that the treatment group had significantly higher amounts of 25(OH) vitamin D3, hemolysate GPx, and IL-6 values than the control group. According to our results, vitamin D3 injection increased the amounts of IL-6 and hemolysate GPx activity and tended to affect serum GPx activity.

Validation of quantitative assessment of indocyanine green fluorescent imaging in a one-vessel model.

Evaluation of intestinal perfusion remains subjective and depends on the surgeon´s individual experience. Intraoperative quality assessment of tissue perfusion with indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence using a near-infrared camera system has been described in different ways and for different indications. The aim of the present study was to evaluate fluorescent imaging (FI) in the quantitative assessment of intestinal perfusion in a gastric tube model in pigs and to compare the results to results obtained with florescent microspheres (FM), the gold standard for tissue perfusion. Seven pigs (56.0±3.0 kg), both males and females, underwent gastric tube formation after transection and ligation of the gastric arteries, except the right gastroepiploic artery, to avoid collateral blood flow. After baseline assessment (T0), hypotension (T1) was induced by propofol (Karampinis et al 2017) (< 60 mmHg). Then, propofol was paused to obtain normotension (T2, Mean arterial pressure (MAP) 60-90 mmHg). Finally, hypertension (T3, MAP>90 mmHg) was induced by norepinephrine. Measurements were performed in three regions of interest (ROIs) under standardized conditions: the fundus (D1), corpus (D2), and prepyloric area (D3). Hemodynamic parameters and transit-time flow measurement (TTFM) in the right gastroepiploic artery were continuously assessed. FI, FM and the partial pressure of tissue oxygen (TpO2) were quantified in each ROI. The study protocol could successfully be performed during stable hemodynamics. Flow in the gastroepiploic artery measured by transit time flow measurement (TTFM) was related to hemodynamic changes between the measurements, indicating improved blood flow with increasing MAP. The distal part of the gastric tube (D1) showed significantly (p<0.05) impaired perfusion compared to the proximal parts D3 and D2 using FM. ICG-FI also showed the highest values in D3 and the lowest values in D1 at all hemodynamic levels (T1-T3; p<0,05). Visual and quantitative assessment of gastric tube perfusion is feasible in an experimental setting using ICG-FI. This might be a promising tool for intraoperative assessment during visceral surgery in the future.

Maternal circulating status of vitamin D, adiponectin and lipid ratios in gestational diabetes mellitus

Background. The present research was an attempt to assess maternal serum values of 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 [25(OH)D3], adiponectin and the lipid ratios and comparison of their associations with insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods. It was conducted on 100 participants including 49 women with GDM and 51 normal pregnant women at 24–28 weeks of gestation. Maternal fasting serum values of glucose, 25(OH)D3, lipid profile, adiponectin and insulin were assessed and the lipid ratios and biomarkers of resistance and sensitivity to insulin were calculated. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results. Current research revealed that levels of 25(OH) D3 were significantly lower in GDM than in normal pregnancy. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that GDM was associated negatively with 25(OH)D3, HDL-C and adiponectin and positively with the lipid ratios. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that only values of 25(OH)D3 were independently associated negatively with the insulin resistance (P = 0.012). Conclusions. Levels of 25(OH)D3 were significantly decreased in GDM compared with normal pregnancy. On the other hand, 25(OH)D3 had a significant negative correlation with insulin resistance which was stronger than the lipid ratios and adiponectin.

Management of Secondary Prevention in Venous Thromboembolism: Use of Reduced Doses of Rivaroxaban and Apixaban in Extended Therapy

BACKGROUND After a standard anticoagulation period (3-6 months), the risk of venous thromboembolism recurrence (RVTER) needs to be considered. Such risk is higher in unprovoked events and patients with persistent risk factor. The increase of D-dimer (DD) levels during the therapy seems to be strongly associated to RVTER. The use of rivaroxaban 10 mg/day and apixaban 2.5mg/12h as an extended therapy (ET) after the standard anticoagulation period has been proven to be an effective strategy to prevent recurrence without increasing bleeding events. AIM To assess the effectiveness and safety of reduced doses of rivaroxaban and apixaban as ET in patients with RVTER and to compare their DD levels with those of a control group on anticoagulant therapy at a standard dose. METHODS From April 2016 to June 2020, we included patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) who received ET with rivaroxaban and apixaban with/at reduced doses. Dose reduction was performed following the clinical algorithm of our unit (Fig. 1). The DD values were determined using HemosIl D-Dimer HS-500 and the cut-off value was established at 500 µg/L DD levels were compared with a control group of 235 patients with VTE who received ET with standard doses of anticoagulation. DD levels were measured at the time of diagnosis (D1), initiation of treatment (D2) and 3 months after treatment (D3). RESULTS From a total of 116 patients (65.5% women), 77.6% (n=90) received rivaroxaban 10 mg/24h and 22.4% received apixaban 2.5 mg/12h as an ET. The mean duration of the initial anticoagulant therapy was 12 +/- 8.8 months. The mean DD value prior to the ET was 388 µg/L. In this group, 63.8% (n=74) was an unprovoked VTE and 17.2% (20) had hereditary thrombophilia. The mean of follow-up time was 6.9 +/- 8.3 months. No recurrences of VTE were observed during the follow-up and only one major bleeding event was reported in a high-bleeding risk patient. We observed a progressive decrease of DD levels from the VTE diagnosis to the last visit, with D1, D2, and D3 values of 987 µg/L ± 324, 388 µg/L ± 134, and 288 µg/L ± 98, respectively. There were no differences in d-dimer concentrations between patients with reduce doses of rivaroxaban or apixaban and the control group with standard doses (D1: 85.6% vs 81%, p =0.22; D2: 10.2% vs 8.0%, p =0.14; and D3: 9.1% vs 9.5%, p =0.18). CONCLUSIONS Our data indicated that an ET strategy with reduced doses of rivaroxaban or apixaban is effective and safe. We did not observe significant differences in DD levels at follow-up compared to the control group receiving a standard dose of anticoagulation. Further studies are needed in order to select and standardize dose reduction criteria in secondary prevention. Figure 1 Disclosures Campoy: boehringer ingelheim: Consultancy; Daiichi Sankyo: Speakers Bureau. Sierra:Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Astellas: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Gilead-Kite: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Olivera:Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Boehringer Ingelheim: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; BAYER: Consultancy.

Serum Levels of Thyroid Hormone, Vitamin B12, Vitamin D3, Folic Acid, and Ferritin in Chalazion

ABSTRACT Purpose To compare serum thyroid hormone, vitamin B12, vitamin D3, folic acid, and ferritin levels between chalazion patients and control. Methods 18–65-year-old chalazion patients and controls were included. The peripheric blood sampling results were investigated. Free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), vitamin B12, vitamin D3, folic acid, and ferritin levels of chalazion and control groups were compared. Results The male-to-female ratio was 41/107 in chalazion group and 52/106 in control group (p > .05).The mean age was 37.123 ± 13.252 years (18–65) and 39.912 ± 13.747 years (18–65) in the groups, respectively (p > .05).The mean value of vitamin B12 was 304.894 ± 131.592 pg/mL (122.700–985.300) in chalazion group and 353.200 ± 184.341 pg/mL (134.800–1127.000) in control group (p = .038).The mean values of FT3, FT4, TSH, vitamin D3, folic acid, and ferritin levels were similar between the groups (p > .05 for all). Conclusion This study reports that chalazion patients have less serum vitamin B12 level than healthy subjects.

Determination of Sex and Estimation of Age by Mandibular Basal Bone Height

Aims and Objectives: To assess the age and sex determination through mandibular basal bone heightMaterials and Methods: The study consists of 120 OPG samples, (60 males and 60 females) in the agegroup of 30 to 70 years, hereby the mandibular basal bone height measured as D1 and D2 on OPG’s usingplanmeca romexis software. The distance measured between the lower border of mental foramen to thelower border of the mandible termed as D1. The distance between the lowest point of mandibular canal tothe lower border of the mandible termed as D2. All these measurements were further subjected to statisticalanalysis like independent t-test, correlation and regression analysis to estimate age and to compare thedifferentiation between males and females.Results: Overall the result shows the moderate level of significance, on multiple comparisons between agegroups and sex among the population, it was observed that statistically significant in male with relationto D1 among 61yrs to 70yrs though other age groups show significant with less confidence interval.Female observations failed to show similar results neither with D1 nor with D2. Regression formula for ageestimation and logistic regression for sex determination have been derived.Conclusions: The present study highlighted that the male gender of the mandible can be determined byusing D1 value as it gives significance, thus it can be used as an additional tool to establish the identity ofa gender