Chi-square Value Research Articles

CORRELATION OF EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS WITH BREAST CANCER: A CASE CONTROL STUDY

Background and aims: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a gamma herpes virus and one of the most common infections globally. It has been linked to several health problems, including breast cancer, which is a leading cause of death among females worldwide. In Yemen, breast cancer is one of the top reported cancers in women. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between EBV and breast cancer among Yemeni women in Sana'a city. Methods: The study is a case-control study that included newly diagnosed, untreated breast cancer patients as cases and healthy women attending the National Cancer Control Foundation as controls. A total of 150 participants were tested for EBV (VCA) IgG using ELISA. Results: The association between EBV and BC in the case and control groups was found by the investigation. 48 women (64.0%) who tested positive for EBV IgG were included in the control group, whereas 71 women (94.7%) among the patients had the antibody identified. A substantial correlation between EBV and BC was found by statistical analysis; a chi-square value of 21.510 and a p-value of less than 0.001 supported this conclusion. With a 95% confidence interval, the odds ratio was 10.0 (3.3-30.4). Moreover, women above the age of thirty showed a higher risk than women under that age (p=0.006). In addition, compared to the control group, divorced and bereaved women had a significantly higher chance of contracting EBV (p= 0.002). Conclusions: According to the study's findings, there may be a link between EBV infection and a higher risk of breast cancer. To further understand the underlying mechanisms and potential strategies to reduce this risk, more research is required. Peer Review History: Received 1 December 2023; Revised 19 January 2024; Accepted 27 February; Available online 15 March 2024 Academic Editor: Dr. Muhammad Zahid Iqbal, AIMST University, Malaysia, drmmziqbal@gmail.com Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewers: Dr. Andrzej Szymański, Poznan University of Technology, Poland, andrzej.szymanski@put.poznan.pl Dr. Fátima Morales Marín, University of Murcia, Spain, fatima.morales@um.es

A Study to Assess effectiveness of The Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge regarding Recommendation to The Barrier of Immunization among mothers of underfive children in selected hospital, Rajkot.

A study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on recommendation to the barrier of immunization among mothers of under-five children in selected area of Rajkot was conducted by Dhara Sangada., in partial fulfilment as a requirement for the Master of science in Nursing, Saurashtra University during year 2023.Objectives of the study: 1). To assess the existing knowledge of mother of under five children regarding recommendation to the barrier of immunization. 2). To assess the effectiveness of the planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding recommendation to the barrier of immunization among mother of under five children in selected hospital. 3). To find out the association between knowledge score and selected demographic variables. The research design of the study is pre- experimental research design with one group pretest and posttest. Total 60 mothers were taken who have under 5 children, Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used to select the mothers. The conceptual model of the study was general system model. The study was conducted at Akshar child care hospital. Collected. Data was analyzed descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, frequencies and percentages. The association between effectiveness of planned teaching programme will be analyzed by t-test. The obtained “t-test” value for the level of knowledge on regarding recommendation to the barrier of immunization 17.407 that was highly significance at p<0.05 level the hypothesis was accepted. The chi-square value of mothers of under-five children knowledge recommendation to the barriers of immunization with their social status and marital status which shows there was significance association exist between knowledge score with their selected demographic variables and other demographic variables such as age, education, religion, number of children, source of information of recommendation to the barriers of immunization and type of family did not show significance association. Hence H2 were accepted.

Correlational Study on the Performance of School Heads and their Instructional Leadership Practices

Purpose: School leaders are now required to not only administer the school but also to improve teacher effectiveness and student success due to continuing education system reforms. The purpose of this research is to elucidate the correlation between the performance of school heads and instructional leadership. Methodology: The study employed a descriptive-correlational research method using a questionnaire checklist for data collection. The research sample comprises 53 school principals from the four districts in the municipality of Donsol, Sorsogon, Philippines. Validated researcher-made questionnaires were distributed to collect data for this investigation. Findings: The results show that most school administrators conducted up to three LAC sessions, developed up to four instructional supervision plans, observed a maximum of 10 instructors, and created between one and three quality-assured learning assessment methods. The school, under their supervision, received a maximum of two stars in the WINS program. Most of the students who took the PHIL-IRI exam scored 20 points or below. The school conducted three to four earthquake drills, has a maximum of 10 classrooms, provides a student handbook, and conducted at most one orientation before the start of the school year. School principals demonstrate excellence in their instructional leadership practices across the eight strands of PPSSH-Domain 3. However, most of the calculated chi-square values for the correlations between their performance and practices were below the crucial value when assessed at a significance threshold of.05. Conclusion: School principals showed impressive results in their performance and displayed exemplary practices in instructional leadership across the eight strands of Domain 3. However, most of their performances were not significantly correlated with their practices in instructional leadership.

Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the sunlight exposure questionnaire.

This study aimed to translate and validate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Philippines Sunlight Exposure Questionnaire. A total of 392 Chinese individuals aged at least 18 years, residing in various cities in Sichuan province for at least 1 year, were recruited. The reliability of the Chinese version of the questionnaire was measured through internal consistency, split-half reliability, and retest reliability, while validity was determined using the content validity index and the structure validity index. The Chinese version of the Sunlight Exposure Questionnaire, which includes 19 items covering 5 factors, demonstrated McDonald's omega coefficient of 0.788. The split-half reliability of the questionnaire was 0.823, and the retest reliability was 0.940. The content validity index (S-CVI) was 0.952. The five-factor structure, supported by eigenvalues, explained 66.2% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated favorable model fit. The chi-square value degrees of freedom ratio (χ2/df) = 1.852, the goodness-of-fit index (GFI) = 0.938, the normed fit index (NFI) = 0.922, the incremental fit index (IFI) = 0.962, the comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.962, the Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.952, and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.047. The indicators of the fit of the model were within reasonable bounds. The Chinese version of the Sunlight Exposure Questionnaire shows validity and good reliability for assessing sun exposure among adults in a Chinese cultural context.

Study of The Prevalence of Trichomonas Vaginalis Parasite in Females Suffering from Vaginal Inflammations

Background & Objective: Infection of trichomoniasis is accountable for disease transmitted by sex (non-virally), called trichomoniasis or vaginitis the most popular disease worldwide. The goal of current research was to determining spread rate of Trichomonas vaginalis among females suffering from genital inflammation in Najaf city of Iraq. Methods: Two hundred and sixty four of the participating women were included in our current study, They were going to Al-Manathra Hospital, Al-Najaf Hospital, Al-Furat Hospital, and a few outpatient clinics between January and June of 2023. One hundred and thirty two were included as a control group and one hundred and thirty two were included as patients (they were suffering from vaginal inflammation). All participants in the study underwent direct microscopic examination and then immediately cultured in diamond culture media by taking a swab from the vagina to confirm the presence of the parasite Trichomonas Vaginalis. Results: Out of (264) swab samples that which examined microscopically for T. vaginalis by using light microscope under (40x), Trichomoniasis infection detected in 70 (53.03%) out of 132 women undergoing from vaginal inflammation while there was 62 (46.97%) of women negative for T.vaginalis, and this difference was statistically non-significant (Chi-square=0.618, P-value=0.432), while in the control subjects 116 (91.67%) of (132) were negative for Trichomoniasis infection, except 11 women (8.33%) were positive for T.vaginalis, but not suffered from any symptoms, this difference was significant in statistic (Chi-square = 86.811, P-value = 0.000). Out of (264) swab samples that which cultured on diamond liquid media, Trichomoniasis infection detected in 74 (56.07%) out of 132 women undergoing from vaginal inflammation while there was 58 (43.93%) of these women were negative for T.vaginalis parasite, and this difference according to Chi-square value (2.206) and p-value (0.137), it was statistically non-significant. regarding the control subjects, 112 (88.64%) of (132) were negative for Trichomoniasis infection, and 15 women (11.36%) were positive for T.vaginalis, but not suffered from any symptoms. This difference was statistically significant according to the Chi-Square (74.087) and P value (0.000). Conclusions: The prevalence of the Trichomonas vaginalis parasite in Najaf Governorate, according to the results of the current study, is 56%, and this is considered a high and interesting percentage.

The Correlation between the Level of Physical Activity and the Incidence of Breast Cancer in RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. This study aims to investigate and analyze the relationship between the level of physical activity and the occurrence of breast cancer at Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya. The research method employed in this study is correlation analysis. The sample population was obtained from the Cancer Service Development Center (PPLK) at Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya. The results of this study indicate that the majority of the 53 research subjects suffering from breast cancer had low-intensity physical activity since childhood to adolescence, with 41.5% of the total subjects (22 patients). In contrast, only 24.5% (13 patients) and 34% (18 patients) had moderate and high-intensity physical activity, respectively. Statistical analysis using Microsoft Excel version 2019 and SPSS showed that the calculated Chi-square value was greater than the tabulated Chi-square value, thus rejecting the null hypothesis (H0). This indicates a significant relationship between the intensity of physical activity during childhood to adolescence and the occurrence of breast cancer in the research subjects. This study implicates the importance of awareness regarding the significance of physical activity in maintaining breast health, especially from a young age. The practical implication of this research is the necessity of a preventive approach to breast cancer involving the promotion of a healthy lifestyle and regular physical activity, particularly during childhood and adolescence.

Socio-demographic correlates of autism spectrum disorder: A study in Odisha.

There is very little data available on socio-demographic factors associated with the early detection of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study sought to investigate the socio-demographic correlates of ASD. A cross-sectional study of 201 first-time reported cases of ASD using a semi-structured socio-demographic datasheet was conducted to understand the socio-demographic correlates. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software (version 26) was used to calculate frequencies, percentages, and Chi-square values. Descriptive analysis revealed an upward trend in the number of reported cases among both genders. Most cases were five years old or above, from middle socioeconomic background, with parents who had studied above matriculation, and lived in an urban area. Chi-square test results revealed a significant relationship between the number of first-time reported cases of ASD and that of parental education, socioeconomic status (SES), and living conditions. A prominent finding of this study was parents' lack of awareness regarding their child's condition. Measures for awareness and early detection have been recommended.

Drugs associated with a risk of supraventricular tachycardia: analysis using the OpenVigil database.

The OpenVigil database can be used to assess medications that may cause supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and to produce a reference for their safe use in clinical settings. We analyzed first-quarter data from 2004 to 2023, obtained by searching the OpenVigil database using the keyword "supraventricular tachycardia." Trade names and generic names were obtained by querying the RxNav database, and the proportions were summarized. The proportionate reporting ratio (PRR), reporting odds ratio, and chi-square values were also summarized. We created Asahi diagrams and set the screening criteria to drug events ≥30, PRR >2, and chi-square >4. Outcomes were evaluated using the Side Effect Resource database, several scientific literature databases, and the Hangzhou Yiyao Rational Medication System. A total of 2435 distinct medications were found to induce SVT between the first quarter of 2004 and 2023, leading to 22,375 documented adverse events related to SVT. Further investigation revealed that salbutamol, paroxetine, formoterol, paclitaxel, venlafaxine, and theophylline were most likely to cause SVT. We conducted signal mining of adverse drug events using the OpenVigil database and evaluated the six drugs most likely to cause SVT. The results of this research can serve as a drug safety reference in the clinic.

Knowledge and practices of private healthcare providers regarding tuberculosis case notification in Rural Maharashtra

India carries the highest share of active and missing tuberculosis (TB) cases globally. The Government of India is prioritizing private sector engagement (PSE) in TB elimination activities, as most healthcare-seeking in the country happens in this sector. This study aimed to understand the knowledge and practices of private healthcare providers (PHP) on various aspects of TB case notification through the National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP). This cross-sectional study was carried out between Oct 2020 to April 2021 amongst PHPs in the Junnar Tuberculosis Unit (TU), Pune District, Maharashtra. Junnar Block has 299 PHPs who assess, diagnose, and/or treat TB cases. A total of 97 participants were enrolled in the study. About 89 (91.8%) PHPs are aware that TB case notifications are mandatory by law. However, 80.4% are unaware of the Ni-kshay portal (web-based case surveillance system) by NTEP. Similarly, 74 (76.3%) must be aware of incentives for PHPs to collaborate with the government healthcare delivery system. 82.8% of total Ayurveda, Unani, Naturopathy, Siddha, and Homeopathy (AYUSH) practitioners and 46.2% of Allopathic practitioners have poor knowledge about TB case notification, with a Chi-square value of 14.36 (p<0.01). Our study shows that the active engagement of private providers (PPs), especially AYUSH practitioners in rural areas, is a need of the hour in achieving TB elimination.

Access to Land, Building Materials & Finance for Rental Housing Production in Dodoma Capital City, Tanzania

This paper presents study findings concerning rental housing delivery systems in accommodating low-income urban residents in Tanzania. Generally, the study intended to establish operational and workable policy options for promoting affordable rental houses to narrow the urban housing shortage gap that has been increasing over time. The study involved 100 property developers, eighteen (18) key informants, six (6) brokers, and fifteen (15) tenants who were purposely selected for the study. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected through interviews with property developers, and focus group discussions with key informants and local leaders. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20 was employed in inferential and descriptive analysis. In line with this, a Chi-square technique was employed for describing the association between the variables while descriptive analysis was employed to describe the distribution of scores among the variables. The study has shown that 68% of property developers obtain land through an informal land market while the rest 32% obtain it from a formal market. Moreover, property developers have reported that savings are the dominant source of rental housing finance mechanisms in the study area which accounts for 65% of the housing finance mechanisms. Other sources are remittances (16%), pensions (8%), loans (7%), and borrowing from relatives (4%). The study has revealed that the Pearson chi-square value and significance value, confirm that, there is a significant association between affordability and the category of land market (= 65.696, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the study has evidenced that individual property developers are dominating the rental housing market in the absence of policies, regulations, standards, and plans that could take into consideration the access to rental housing for low-income urban residents. The study recommends to the central and local government that there should be an urgent strategy to establish an enabling housing policy to promote affordable rental housing as an option for low-income urban residents in Tanzania.

Prevalence of hospital acquired gastrointestinal protozoa parasites among in-patients of a missionary and private hospital in Awka, Southeastern Nigeria

Regardless of the efforts by health organizations and hospital personnel, research continues to report hospital acquired infections in admitted patients worldwide. This research was carried out to survey the prevalence of hospital acquired gastrointestinal protozoa parasites among admitted patients of Regina Caeli Specialist Hospital (missionary hospital) and Izunna Hospital and Maternity (private hospital) in Awka South LGA of Anambra State, Southeast Nigeria. Two samples each from 79 patients were collected and analyzed using direct wet mount and formol ether concentration technique. Other information concerning demography and risk factors were obtained with the aid of a structured questionnaire. Data obtained was analyzed using chi-square test and probability values ≤ 0.05 were considered significant. Out of the samples examined, 9(11.4%) were positive for hospital acquired gastrointestinal protozoa parasites. Hospital acquired gastrointestinal protozoa parasites were found to occur in all two hospitals with the missionary hospital having the highest occurrence rate of 66.7%. Males recorded the highest prevalence of 6(15.8%) compared to females 3(7.3%) while age group 50-59years had the highest prevalence of 28.6%. Patients from the male ward recorded a higher prevalence of 17.9%. Meanwhile patients whose occupation is farming had a higher prevalence of 25.0% while patients who only wash their vegetables/fruits sometimes before eating presented a higher prevalence of 18.2%. Prevalence of hospital acquired gastrointestinal protozoa parasite infection was strongly associated with duration of hospital stay (P˂ 0.000). Out of the four parasites identified, Entamoeba histolytica was the most prevalent with 5(55.6%). Consequently, regulation of patients’ hospital stay, sanitation and better hygiene practices should be adopted and encouraged to prevent the spread of hospital acquired infection.

Association of Urinary Incontinency with COPD Severity: An Analytical Cross-sectional Study

Large number of patients suffers from urinary incontinence (UI) with COPD leading to urine leakage and affecting their quality of life. Objective: To determine the prevalence and association of UI among with the severity of COPD patients. Methods: The cross sectional study was conducted from February 2023 to June 2023 in Ghurki Teaching Trust Hospital, Shalimar Hospital and Gangaram Hospital. 230 male patients of age 45-65 years suffering with COPD were selected by using convenient sampling technique. The demographic data and International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire- Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF) were used collected. SPSS version 26.0 along with Chi-square was used for analysis with p-value <0.05. Results: The results showed that 36 (15.7%) suffering with mild COPD, 142 (61.7%) had moderate COPD and 52 (22.6%) had severe COPD in which 33 (14.3%) experience have no urine incontinency, 25 (10.9%) had urge Incontinence, 154 (67%) had stress Incontinence and 18 (7.8%) had mixed Incontinence. Additionally; moderate COPD had shown significant association with stress incontinency with Chi-square value of 188.58 and p-value =0.00 and with the leakage of urine on coughing/ sneezing, during any physical activity/ exercise and all the time with value of 143.37, p-value = 0.00. Conclusions: The study concluded that UI is highly prevalent in COPD patients as stress and urge incontinency is highly prevalent among moderate and severe patients respectively, associated with coughing/ sneezing and physical activity/ exercises.

Psychometric evaluation and medication usage pattern in Covid-19 patients: A retrospective study

Aim and objective: Assessing and evaluating Psychometric and medication usage patterns in COVID-19 patients retrospective study. assessing the post-COVID-19 subjects, evaluating the drug report in a post-COVID-19 subject, and measuring psychological status. Evaluation of the serious adverse reaction on the south-Indian population of the post-COVID-19 subject. Methodology: In which 150 subjects were taken and 127 participated. Inclusion criteria COVID-19 subject with adult age group, Patient was admitted and discharged before 3 months and above for COVID-19 with positive RT-PCR Report exclusion criteria patient who is recently tested for COVID-19 and pregnant women and lactating women and who are below the adult age group. Where follow-up is done to assess the psychometric evaluation it is a retrospective study with follow-up. Result: 127 patients were analyzed, in that there are 49 female subjects and 78 male subjects, therefore a total of 1 of 27 patients. The vaccination status of the subjects was analyzed with the data depleted. In that, 118 subjects were affected by Covid-19 before vaccination and only 9 subjects were affected after vaccination. In this pandemic, many subjects were Mentally stressed by their Neighborhood and 32 subjects were not stressed. The generalized anxiety disorder score shows that 15 subjects were currently experiencing low risk, 58 subjects were in the mild range, 32 subjects were in the moderate range and 22 subjects were in the mild range. The discharge medication data shows Vitamin C and Multivitamin tablets were prescribed nearly for 114-116 subjects, secondly, Pantoprazole was prescribed for 96 subjects, thirdly Prednisolone was prescribed for 96 subjects and Paracetamol was prescribed for 68 subjects. At last, other drugs are prescribed according to the Co-Morbidities of the subject. Conclusion: 127 patients were analyzed, in that there are 49 female subjects and 78 male subjects. 85 subjects were affected between ages 18-60 years whereas 42 subjects were affected above the age of 60 years. The vaccination and the non-vaccination status report shows that non-vaccinated people are affected more than vaccinated people. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) category depletes that the patients experienced mild to moderate levels of anxiety. The Pearson Chi-square value is 23.271 and the P value is <0.001. This shows the association between anxiety with COVID-19 patients. The Major Depression Inventory (MDI) score depletes severe depression which might be due to the pandemic situation, economic situation, and local restrictions. The Pearson Chi-square value is 70.572 and the P-value is <0.001 showing that there is an association between depression and COVID in patients. This shows that post-COVID-19 affected subjects are experiencing Psychological effects in many terms. These Psychological effects are due to COVID-19 and the intake of Steroids during the treatment and after discharge.

Optimal values exploration for responsiveness rates in stable and unstable schizophrenic patients

Background: Schizophrenia leads to multifunctional disability, characterized by cognitive and social impairments, everyday skill and self-assessment difficulties, and negative symptoms. Long-term clinical stability, often achieved with antipsychotics, improves everyday functioning. Aim: The goal is to determine to determine the efficacy of different antipsychotic classes (%Prob of APDs' Resp) and adherence rates, as measured by the Behavioural Adherence Rating Scale (BARS). Methods: The study focuses on schizophrenia-spectrum disorders in adults and elderly psychiatric patients, using established diagnostic systems. The observational and retrospective study will be conducted at the Princess Aisha Bint Al Hussein Medical Centre from January 2021 to January 2023. The study will use positive and negative symptom domains to measure initial severity and assess ideal values for antipsychotic drugs. A Chi Square test will be used to analyze distribution rates and odds ratios. The study will use SPSS version 25 with a 5% significance level. Results: The binary logistic regression model was created using patient adherence patterns evaluated using BARS. The model aimed to predict positive responsiveness (Δ PANSS≥20%) and negative responsiveness (Δ PANSS<20%) using patient data. The model accurately identified 94.4% of cases, with a chi-square value of 4.412 and a p-value of 0.818. BARS testing revealed a probable range of APDs' reaction from 64.4% to 88.2%, with individuals determining this range. The study suggests that the specific range may be different depending on the Cox & Snell R2 or Nagelkerke R2 procedures used, but all factors should be considered. The model's accuracy is significant, and the findings suggest that individuals are responsible for determining this range. Conclusion: The study reveals that psychotic individuals require 68.5% adherence for optimal responsiveness. Adding LAIAP to oral APDs enhances responsiveness.

Design of Experiments for Increasing of Methylene Blue Adsorption onto Cellulose Derivative-Based Composites

Hematite-cellulose acetate composite membranes (M1, M2, and M3) were evaluated for their performance in methylene blue (MB) adsorption. Box-Behnken design was used to evaluate the influence of operational parameters on the adsorption of MB by these adsorbents. The idea was to optimize the process with maximum efficiency on adsorption, through identification of the influential factors to the process, evaluation of interactions between these factors, and modeling mathematical expressions. Adsorption experiments versus time were better described by the non-linear pseudo-first-order model, followed by the pseudo-second-order model, and then the non-linear pseudo-first-order model. The R2 and chi-square values corroborate this finding. Equilibrium data was also evaluated and modeled to the linear and non-linear Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The linear isotherm models were better models to fit the adsorption equilibrium data on the membranes, followed by the non-linear Langmuir model. Thus, it was presumed that chemisorption was the prevailing adsorption mechanism. Additionally, adsorption proved to be exothermic and spontaneous. A quadratic model equation was found to describe the interaction between factors. The coefficients of pH and MB concentration were positive, thus positively affecting the adsorption of MB, but those of the temperature were negative, justifying the negative effect on the adsorption process. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a high coefficient of determination value and a high prediction of the regression model was derived. The highest adsorption capacity was found at the optimum experimental conditions of pH = 9.0, MB initial concentration = 100 mg · L-1 and temperature = 20 ℃. Finally, the composites provided 5 use cycles which is good when considering the adsorbents used in removing textile dyes from wastewater.

The need for orthopedic dental services for the elderly population of Kazakhstan

<b>Objective</b>: To determine the orthopedic dental status of the elderly population of Kazakhstan using clinical and diagnostic determinants.<br /> <b>Methods:</b> The dental status of 708 patients from three institutions in Almaty, Kazakhstan, was recorded using WHO dental questionnaires. The patients were divided into groups according to their age and sex, and modern statistical methods were used to process the data. Through the construction of tables and graphs, calculation of relative values, and assessment of the reliability of the differences in the data, we determined if there were any differences between the groups.<br /> <b>Results: </b>The study revealed that most patients who needed orthopedic dental care were 60 years of age and older. The older the age of patients with registered diagnoses of partial and complete adentia, the greater the need for removable prosthetics. The most common type of orthopedic treatment required for these patients was removable dentures. Analysis of the quantitative relationship between the need for orthopedic dental care and patients’ gender revealed the following patterns: the critical value of Chi-square at the significance level p≤0.0001 was 23.95, the exact Fisher criterion was 0.0000 (p=0.0000), and the calculated Cramer’s V criterion and the conjugacy coefficient showed the relationship between the variables were at the levels of 0.17 and 0.18, respectively.<br /> <b>Conclusions:</b> Owing to the aging population in Kazakhstan, and indeed the world, the problem of medical adaptation and social rehabilitation of older age groups is pertinent, and our findings argue that the introduction of geriatric dental services in Kazakhstan is warranted.

Cardiac magnetic resonance-derived mitral annular plane systolic excursion: a robust indicator for risk stratification after myocardial infarction.

To explore the predictive value of mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) derived by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in postmyocardial infarction (MI) patients.Patients with MI who underwent 3.0 T CMR (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2200055158) were recruited retrospectively. CMR parameters included MAPSE and LVEF. Patients were followed up for MACE for more than 6 months and were separated into a No-MACE group and a MACE group.A total of 165 post-MI patients were included, and 103 patients were finally analyzed (61 patients belonged to the No-MACE group, and 42 patients belonged to the MACE group). The LVEF and MAPSE of the patients belonging to the No-MACE group were considerably higher than those of the patients belonging to the MACE group. Both LVEF and MAPSE were effective indicators of the occurrence of MACE after MI. The risk of MACE decreased as LVEF and MAPSE increased. For the risk prediction of MACE after MI, compared with model I (chi-square value 4.0 vs. 31.4, P < 0.001) and model II (chi-square value 22.7 vs. 31.4, P = 0.003), model III had a significant incremental predictive value. Moreover, the cutoff value of MAPSE was 9.70mm.CMR-derived MAPSE is an effective predictor of MACE occurrence in patients with MI, and MAPSE provided a significant incremental predictive value. Moreover, MAPSE could complement LVEF for superior risk stratification of MI patients.

Effective removal of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) ions from mining wastewater using eco-friendly synthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles incorporated rice husk ash

This study explored the effective adsorptive performance of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles incorporated rice husk ash (RHA) to address the removal of Chromium (VI) and Lead (II) from mining wastewater from aqueous environment. MgO nanoparticles were synthesized using a magnesium salt precursor and moringa oleifera leaf extract and then impregnated onto RHA to create MgO-RHA nano composite. Different analytical techniques were employed to characterize the RHA and MgO-RHA nanocomposites. The prepared adsorbents were used in batch adsorptive studies and the concentrations of the metal ions were measured before and after treatment using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Morphological analysis confirmed that the adsorbents developed exhibited a dispersed and porous nature. BET analysis revealed that RHA, MgO, and MgO-RHA had surface areas of 93.04, 32.02, and 102.71 m2/g, respectively. MgO-RHA outperforms RHA in removing metal ions due to its increased surface area and functionality. MgO-RHA demonstrated higher removal percentages of up to 79.20 % and 96.02 % for Cr(VI) and Pb(II), respectively. The Pseudo-second order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm demonstrated the highest degree of conformity to the experimental data, considering the coefficient of determination (R2), smallest value of SSE and chi-square (ᵪ2). Thermodynamic results indicated that the adsorption process was characterized by endothermicity, spontaneity and chemisorption controlled. In summary, the performance of the MgO-RHA nanocomposite surpassed that of RHA alone, which serves as a better adsorbent for metal ion removal.

Spatial distribution of Urban land-use in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

ABSTRACT This study underlines the critical function of efficient urban land use planning, recommending mixed land use for improved city sustainability. The research, which is rooted in the historical context of urban renewal, attempts to harmonize theoretical frameworks with actual implementation, giving critical insights for policymakers and urban planners in constructing sustainable urban areas. The study identifies a deficit in empirical research on the spatial distribution of urban mixed land use, as well as a gap between theory and real application. Using a mixed-methods approach, it explores mixed land use planning concerns by including stakeholder input and temporal dynamics. Using theoretical frameworks, the study explores land use trends in four Addis Ababa sub-cities. When the null hypothesis of Complete Spatial Randomness is rejected, there is a significant relationship between location and land use functions (statistical chi-square value of 47.763). Finally, the study makes crucial recommendations for purposeful land use distribution in a dynamic urban setting, shedding light on the constraints of mixed land use planning in African urban growth.

Preemptive Analgesia with Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in the Perioperative Period

Objective. A comparative assessment of the efficacy and safety of the preemptive use of ibuprofen and ketoprofen in patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia.Material and methods. A multicenter randomized prospective study included 58 patients grouped into 2 arms. Ibuprofen 800 mg in Group 1 (N=32), and ketoprofen 100 mg in Group 2 (N=26) were administered intravenously 30 minutes prior to surgical procedure, and afterwards every 12 hours during patient’s stay in the intensive care unit. Efficacy and safety were assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS), patient’s need in opioid analgesics, laboratory parameters (serum levels of cortisol, cystatin C, CBC, coagulogram, TEG) and instrumental methods (algesimetry — qNOX).Results. VAS values were 32.4% lower in Group 1 vs Group 2 in the immediate postoperative period, P=0.003. By the end of Day 1 this difference was no longer visible following the use of promedol. There was a correlation between qNOX values at the end of surgery and VAS values at patient’s waking up from anesthesia (P=0.0007). Cortisol plasma concentrations in groups 1 and 2 did not differ significantly, P=0.105. The average daily promedol consumption in Groups 1 and 2 was 42±17.5 mg/day and 50±19.7 mg/day, respectively, P=0.022. Cystatin C concentrations in the first morning after surgery was 0.95±0.29 mg/l in the ibuprofen group, and 1.19±0.43 mg/l — in the ketoprofen group, P=0.027. Signs of renal dysfunction were documented in 4 out of 32 patients (12, 5%) from Group 1, and in 10 of 26 (38.5%) patients from Group 2 since the end of surgery and up to the first postop morning, the Chi-squared value was 0.031. Hemostasis was not affected by NSAIDs use in both groups.Conclusion. Ibuprofen provided more powerful analgesia, than ketoprofen in the postoperative period, while during surgical procedure both drugs showed similar anlgesic efficacy. Patients on ibuprofen required significantly fewer additional boluses of opioid analgesics. Both drugs showed no clinically significant effect on hemostasis and hematopoiesis. More rare occurrence of renal dysfunction in Group 1 patients is indicative of lower nephrotoxicity of ibuprofen.