Calcium Values Research Articles

Adding Walnuts to the Usual Diet Can Improve Diet Quality in the United States: Diet Modeling Study Based on NHANES 2015-2018.

The under-consumption of calcium, potassium, fiber, and vitamin D is considered a U.S. public health concern. Shifts in eating patterns that increase the consumption of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, nuts/seeds, and dairy products can help achieve the recommended intakes of these nutrients, leading to healthier diets. We assessed the impact of adding 1 ounce (28.35 g) of walnuts to usual diets on diet quality and nutrients of concern, including magnesium, fiber, and potassium. We utilized 24 h dietary recalls obtained from the What We Eat in America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and modeled the addition of 1 ounce (28.35 g) of walnuts to the usual diets of no-nut consumers. No-nut consumers aged ≥4 years (n = 7757) from the 2015-2018 NHANES study were included. Population percentages with intakes below the estimated average requirement (EAR) values for calcium, magnesium, folate, and vitamin E and above the adequate intake (AI) values for potassium and fiber were examined. Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015). The National Cancer Institute method was used to estimate the usual and modeled intakes. Significant differences between usual (current) and modeled intakes were determined using non-overlapping 95% confidence intervals. All analyses included sample weights to account for the NHANES survey design. Adding 1 ounce (28.35 g) of walnuts to the usual diet resulted in significant reductions in the percentages of adults with intakes below the EAR for magnesium and folate (69.6% vs. 52.0%; 49.2% vs. 40.6%, respectively), and increased the percentage of adults above the AI for potassium (22.8% vs. 26.5%). A similar trend was observed among children (4-18 years). HEI scores improved significantly from 49.1 (95% CI: 48.0-50.4) to 58.5 (95% CI: 57.5-59.6) in children and from 52.4 (95% CI: 51.0-53.8) to 59.2 (95% CI: 58.0-60.5) in adults. Adding 1 ounce (28.35 g) of walnuts to the usual diet of no-nut consumers improved the diet quality and adequacy of some under-consumed nutrients.

Ionized Magnesium: Interpretation and Interest in Atrial Fibrillation.

Magnesium (Mg) is often used to manage de novo atrial fibrillation (AF) in the emergency department (ED) and intensive care unit (ICU). Point of care measurement of ionized magnesium (iMg) allows a rapid identification of patients with impaired magnesium status, however, unlike ionized calcium, the interpretation of iMg is not entirely understood. Thus, we evaluated iMg reference values, correlation between iMg and plasmatic magnesium (pMg), and the impact of pH and albumin variations on iMg levels. Secondary objectives were to assess the incidence of hypomagnesemia in de novo AF. A total of 236 emergency department and intensive care unit patients with de novo AF, and 198 control patients were included. Reference values were determined in the control population. Correlation and concordance between iMg and pMg were studied using calcium (ionized and plasmatic) as a control in the whole study population. The impact of albumin and pH was assessed in the discordant iMg and pMg values. Lastly, we assessed the incidence of ionized hypomagnesemia (hypoMg) among de novo AF. The reference range values established in our study for iMg were: 0.48-0.65 mmol/L (the manufacturers were: 0.45-0.60 mmol/L). A strong correlation was observed between pMg and iMg (r = 0.85), but, unlike for calcium values, there was no significant impact of pH and albumin in iMg/pMg interpretation. The incidence of hypoMg among de novo AF patients was 8.5% (12.7% using our ranges). When using our ranges, we found a significant link (p = 0.01) between hyopMg and hypokalemia. We highlight the need for more accurate reference range values of iMg. Furthermore, our results suggest that blood Mg content is not identical to that of calcium. The incidence of ionized hypomagnesemia among de novo AF patients in our study is 8.5%.

Clinical Characteristics and Management of Patients with Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Feasibility Analysis of Electronic Health Records Using Natural Language Processing

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the feasibility of applying natural language processing (NLP) to analyze real-world data (RWD) and resolve clinical problems in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism and chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis (SHPT/CKD-HD). The primary objective was to evaluate how well the guideline-recommended analytical goals are achieved in a Spanish cohort of SHPT/CKD-HD patients based on RWD. Methods: Unstructured data in the electronic health records (EHRs) from 8 hospitals were retrospectively analyzed using the EHRead^® technology, based on NLP and machine learning. Variables extracted from EHRs included demographics, CKD-related clinical characteristics, comorbidities and complications, mineral and bone disorder parameter levels, and treatments at baseline, 6-month, and 12-month follow-up. Results: A total of 623 prevalent SHPT/CKD-HD patients were identified; of those, 282 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. They were predominantly elderly males with cardiovascular comorbidities, and the first cause of CKD was diabetic nephropathy. Diagnosis of SHPT was associated with an improvement in median values for PTH, calcium, and phosphate. However, the percentage of patients with normal PTH ranges remained stable during the study period (52.8–60.4%), while the percentage of patients with within-target range serum calcium or phosphate values showed an increasing trend (43.2–60% and 38.8–50%). At baseline, 74.1% of patients were using SHPT-related medication, including at least one vitamin D or analog (63.1%), phosphate binders (46.8%), and/or calcimimetics (9.6%). Conclusions: This study represents the first attempt to use clinical NLP to analyze SHPT/CKD-HD patients based on unstructured clinical data. This methodology is useful to address clinical problems based on RWD and identified a high rate of out-of-range mineral-bone analytical values in patients with HPT/CKD-HD and an increasing trend of out-of-range values for serum calcium and phosphate.

Relation between Biochemical Parameters and Bone Density in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis is the most prevalent metabolic bone disease in postmenopausal women associated with reduced bone mass and increased bone fracture. Measuring bone density in the lumbar spine and hip is a reliable measure of bone mass and can therefore specify the risk of fracture. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is an accurate non-invasive system measuring bone density, with a low margin of error and no complications. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between biochemical parameters with bone density in postmenopausal women. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 87 postmenopausal women referred to osteoporosis centers in Isfahan. Bone density was measured in the spine and hip area using the DXA system. Serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and magnesium were measured by an autoanalyzer, and serum levels of vitamin D were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The mean parameters of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, vitamin D, and magnesium did not show a significant difference between the two groups (P-value > 0.05). In the control group, the relationship between alkaline phosphatase and bone mineral content (BMC) and bony area (BA) in the spine was significant with a correlation coefficient of - 0.402 and 0.258, respectively (P-value < 0.05) and BMD and T-score in the femoral neck area showed a direct and significant relationship with phosphorus (correlation = 0.368; P value = 0.038). There was a significant relationship between the Z-score with calcium (correlation = 0.358; P value = 0.044). There was no significant relationship between the values of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, vitamin D, and magnesium parameters and bone density (spine and hip) in postmenopausal women with osteopenia or osteoporosis.

Dietary calcium intake in Brazilian preschoolers and schoolchhildren: review of the literature.

ABSTRACTObjective:The objective of this study was to map and synthesize evidence on the adequacy of dietary calcium intake and dairy products in Brazilian preschoolers and schoolchildren.Data source:Evidence searches were performed in the MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS; via BVS) databases, with no restriction on date or language of publication. Experimental or observational studies that evaluated healthy Brazilian children between 2 and 12 incomplete years old were included.Data synthesis:A total of 18 studies were included. Seven of 11 studies of 11 studies (63.6%) identified mean values of dietary calcium intake below the age recommendation, especially in schoolchildren, with the progression of the age group. Among preschoolers, studies with direct weighing of food showed higher mean values of dietary calcium ingested compared to those with dietary recall. Children attending public daycare centers on a part-time basis tended to have inadequate calcium intake. The consumption of milk and dairy products was lower among older children, especially schoolchildren.Conclusions:Inadequate dietary calcium intake seems to be prevalent in Brazil during childhood, especially among schoolchildren. Therefore, the evaluation of milk and dairy products intake must be considered in order to desgn appropriate corrective actions.

Monitoring antimicrobial residues in table eggs in Aswan governorate markets and their impact on egg quality and public health.

Organic egg is among the most common organic foods offered for sale in Egyptian markets in recent years, and consumers buy them at a higher price because they believe organic eggs are safer and have superior nutritional value than conventional eggs. The present work aimed to monitor antimicrobial residues in brown table eggs, whether conventional or organic type, in Aswan governorate markets and assessed their physical and chemical quality and their public health hazards. Brown table egg samples (n = 400 total) were randomly selected in the present study, in which they represented two equal groups (n = 200 each) including conventional eggs and organic eggs. Eggs were collected from different retail stores in the Aswan governorate, Egypt. Egg samples were subjected to thorough physical and chemical quality evaluation as well as an assessment of antimicrobial residues. The results reported that organic eggs were cleaner and had a better odor, less blood, and meat spots, but smaller with more shell cracks than conventional eggs. Chemical analysis of some nutrient contents in the egg yolk revealed significantly higher nutritive values of organic eggs than that of conventional ones as the organic eggs contain significantly higher levels of vitamin A and vitamin D/D3 and significantly lower values of cholesterol, calcium, magnesium, and zinc than those in conventional eggs. Disc diffusion assay has been used for monitoring antimicrobial residues in egg samples. The results have shown that all examined organic eggs were free from antimicrobial residues, while 12% and 8% of conventional egg yolk and white were positive for antimicrobial residues, respectively. The study concludes the higher nutritive value of organic eggs compared with the conventional type because of their significantly higher contents of vitamins A and D and their significantly lower contents of cholesterol. Moreover, organic eggs were free from antimicrobial residues which maximizes their public health benefits..

Quality of groundwater from five different locations in Badagry Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria

This study was carried out to investigate the quality of groundwater from five different locations in Badagry Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria. Fifty borehole water samples were collected and analyzed to ensure safe and continuous consumption by residents in the communities. The investigated physico-chemical parameters include: p H, alkalinity, total hardness, and anions (nitrate, sulphate and chloride). The presence of metals such as Cu, Cr, Cd and Pb, were also determined, using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The highest mean concentrations values for alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, cadmium, chromium, copper, and lead were: 137.5,155.2,129.00,43.10,42.39,2.68,20.980.0167,0.0145,0.42 and 0.016 mg/L respectively. The highest pH was also observed to be 7.34. Of all the measured parameters, two of the five distinct locations did not fall within the WHO/NAFDAC permissible limits. The Results of this research activity have therefore shown that all the water samples fell within the physicochemical standard limits for drinking water, but are not recommended for drinking purposes, as they all contain one or more of the trace elements.

Subtotal Resection of Parathyroids Preserving an Intact Parathyroid in Patients with Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism

Introduction: Parathyroid hormone, is one the controllers of calcium homeostasis, is synthesized and secreted by the parathyroid glands. They can become hyper functioning, generate excessive amounts of PTH, and determine the clinical-laboratory picture called hyperparathyroidism. When hyperparathyroidism is a consequence of a pre-existing metabolic imbalance, it is called secondary. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is thus an acquired disorder represented by parathyroid hypersecretion in response to calcium homeostasis disorders. Chronic kidney disease is a condition often associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism. It is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by varying degrees of stimulation and suppression of PTH, being associated with hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands. Material and Method: The present study is a historic prospective cohort analysis of patients undergoing subtotal parathyroidectomy, keeping a parathyroid gland intact in its bed, by tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Result: 44 patients between 30 and 75 years of age were selected, with a median of 49.5 years for the group, divided equally between men and women. Conservative treatment time was 36.75 months and hemodialysis time was 67.33 months. Renal transplantation time was 42.64 months, with PTH value on the day of renal transplantation of 822.03 pg/mL. On the day of surgery, the PTH value was 170.9 pg/mL, reaching an average value of 77.2 after 5 years. The initial value of ionic calcium was 1.477 mmol/L and a final value of 1.299 mmol/L after 5 years. Conclusion: The evaluation of the present study allows us to conclude that subtotal parathyroidectomy, keeping a parathyroid gland intact in its bed, is a safe and effective technical option in the surgical treatment of patients with tertiary hyperparathyroidism.

Preoperative biochemical values are correlated with adenoma volume, but not predictive factors for hungry bone syndrome in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism

We aimed to investigate correlation between perioperative biochemical values and adenoma volume, the effects of perioperative biochemical values and clinicopathological variables on postoperative hypocalcemia after parathyroidectomy. A retrospective study planned in tertiary university hospital on patients undergone surgery for primer hyperparathyroidism. Preoperative calcium (first, close to surgery, maximum), PTH (first, close to surgery, maximum), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and phosphorus (P) values, postoperative calcium (early, late), postoperative PTH (early, late), 24-hour urinary calcium calculation, time from the first diagnosis of elevated calcium until surgery, preoperative hypercalcemia treatments, excised parathyroid gland, histopathologic diagnosis, maximum diameter and volume of the excised parathyroid on histopathologic examination, postoperative intravenous calcium supplement were analyzed. 73 patients were included in the study. The median age of the patients was 54 years (range, 18-82), and 83.6% were female. In univariate analysis, patients who were administrated intravenous (IV) calcium supplement had higher preoperative PTH (p=0.024). adenoma volume correlated moderate with preoperative PTH first (r=0.396, p=0.001), preoperative maximum parathormone (r=0.380, p=0.001), preoperative PTH CS (r=0.432, p&lt;0.001) and preoperative first elevated calcium (r=0.240, p=0.041) levels. We conclude that biochemical parameters and adenoma size are not predictive factors in determining the requirement of IV calcium supplement. Preoperative PTH and calcium levels were moderately associated with adenoma volume.

Prediction of Prognosis Acute Pancreatitis with Inflammatory Markers and Patient Characteristics Compared to the Scoring System: Real-Life Data.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease with a high morbidity and mortality rate. It is one of the most common causes of hospitalization among gastrointestinal system diseases. Inflammatory and other factors that predict the severity of AP are very important for patient management. This study will analyze the factors associated with the severity of AP. The sample consisted of 514 patients. Demographic characteristics, comorbid diseases, causes of AP, body mass index (BMI), tobacco use, blood at admission, amylase, lipase, leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, C-reactive protein (CRP), mean platelet volume, red cell distribution width, albumin, calcium, and CRP values at 48th h were recorded. The bedside index of severity in AP (BISAP), Ranson score, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) values was calculated and recorded. The relationship between these parameters and the severity of AP was analyzed according to the Atlanta classification. Participants had a mean age of 55±17.8 years. More than half the participants were women (n=272, 52.9%). Biliary causes were the most common etiological causes (n=299, 58.2%). Most participants had mild pancreatitis (n=416, 80.9%). The severity of AP was associated with tobacco use, high BMI, thrombocytosis, high NLR, high PLR, high 48th h CRP, hypoalbuminemia, hypocalcemia, aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio (AST/ALT ratio), and high Ranson and BISAP scores. Biochemical markers that give rapid results in the early period can provide information about the severity of AP. We may develop new scores by combining these parameters.

Tissue Concentration Analysis of Sulfur, Calcium and Oxygen in Novel Skin Primo Nodes After Acupuncture.

Over the past 5000years, acupuncture has been practiced in Korea, China, and Japan to relieve various diseases, and it is now widely used and accepted worldwide. Although the anatomical substance and function of meridians has been actively studied, it is still not clearly defined. One of the keys to acupuncture is determining the specific anatomical location exactly on or under the skin. We discovered that the skin primo node is a new anatomical structure in the skin of rats. The present study aimed to analyze the relationship between skin primo nodes and acupoints through changes in the expression of tissue concentrations of skin primo nodes. Analysis of this skin primo node confirmed that the skin primo node after acupuncture had a significantly higher concentration of sulfur and calcium than found in normal skin. And the significant pO2 in the skin primo node was confirmed by measuring pO2 using a needle oxygen sensor. Through sulfur, calcium, and pO2 concentration values of skin primo nodes, we confirmed whether these nodes could be related to acupoint. To understand the clear structure and function of this node, it is necessary to further study through the known properties of acupoints and the function of Primo Vascular System (PVS).

Indicadores proteicos, enzimáticos e minerais da toxemia da prenhez clínica e subclínica durante o período de transição de cabras leiteiras

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of clinical and subclinical pregnancy toxemia (PT) forms on the dynamics of blood metabolites, composing the protein, enzymatic and mineral profiles of dairy goats during the transitional period. 111 multiparous dairy goats were used in this research. The animals were raised under an intensive system. Experimental groups (n=3) were created using the βHB blood concentrations as a cut-off point. The G1 or control group (n = 40), G2 or subclinical PT group (n = 39) were established when least one of the experimental assessment times presented βHB values between 0.8 mmol/L and 1.6 mmol/L; whereas G3 or clinical PT group (n = 32), which at any of the experimental assessment times of βHB values were higher than 1.6 mmol / L when verified and also presented clinical signs of PT. The animals were evaluated on the 30th , 20th and 10th day ante-partum (dap), at parturition and on the 10th, 20th and 30th day postpartum (dpp). Total proteins (TP), albumin, globulin, urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Gamma glutamiltransferase (GGT), creatine kinase (CK), amylase, phosphorus, chloride and calcium, sodium and potassium ions were measured. The analysis of variance (F Test) was performed in order to investigate the effects and interactions between group and assessment times. Clinical and/or subclinical disease during the transitional period resulted in an increase of phosphorus and potassium concentrations (P&lt;0.05), while a decrease in total protein, albumin, globulin, and ionized calcium values was observed (P&lt;0.05). No statistical effect of PT on urea, creatinine, AST, GGT, CK, amylase and sodium was observed (P&gt;0.05). Except the ionized calcium and phosphorus, the levels of all the metabolites were influenced (P&lt;0.05) by late pregnancy, parturition and lactation. The occurrence of the subclinical form was higher than the clinical form during the transitional period. Among the all variables studied, mineral profile were those that suffered alteration resulting from PT, highlighting the ionized calcium. Attention is drawn to the magnitude of the impact of disease on these components interfering in animal health.

Value of serum calcium in preeclamptic Sudanese women

Value of serum calcium in preeclamptic Sudanese women

Investigation of serum calcium and vitamin D levels in superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome: A case control study

ObjectiveIt remains unknown whether calcium metabolism has any effect on the clinical presentation of superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD). Our aim was to analyse the adjusted calcium and vitamin D levels in SSCD patients compared to a control group. MethodsThis was a prospective case-control study performed in a tertiary referral center, university teaching hospital in the UK. It included all new patients with SSCD seen in a dedicated skull base clinic over a 5-year period (2015–2019) compared to a gender and age matched control group. The main outcome of the study was adjusted calcium and Vitamin D levels between the two groups. ResultsA total of 31 SSCD patients were recruited with a matched number of control patients. The mean Vitamin D level on the SSCD group was 44.8 nmoL/l (SD: 20.8) compared to 47.5 nmoL/l (SD: 27.4) on the control group (p = 0.702). Mean Adjusted calcium level was 2.34 mmoL/l (SD: 0.7) for SSCD compared to 2.41 mmoL/l (SD: 0.11) for controls (p = 0.01), being within normal limits for both the SSCD and the control group. ConclusionOur study did not identify a link between Vitamin D levels and presence of SSCD. Normal adjusted calcium values were found in both groups. Despite that a statistically significant lower calcium level was found in the SSCD group which could indicate that suboptimal levels of calcium may affect the micro-environment of the otic capsule at the SSC region.

Biokemijski i hematološki pokazatelji i indeks tjelesne kondicije krava holsteinske pasmine s obzirom na ocjenu dobrobiti

Dobrobit životinja predstavlja procjenu stanja životinja kojima reagiraju na podražaje iz okoline. Precizna procjena dobrobiti podrazumijeva multidisciplinaran pristup, a suvremen evaluacijski protokol uključuje mjerenja na životinjama i mjerenja koja uključuju smještaj, hranidbu i upravljanje farmom. Svrha ovoga istraživanja bila je odrediti varijabilnost biokemijskih i hematoloških pokazatelja, kao i tjelesnu kondiciju, s obzirom na različite bodovne razrede dobrobiti. Istraživanje je provedeno na 145 krava holsteinske pasmine, nasumično odabranih na šest komercijalnih farma mliječnih krava. Kontrolni popis procjene dobrobiti mliječnih krava sastojao se od 70 pitanja prema protokolu CReNBA. Biokemijski pokazatelji u krvi i mliječnoj plazmi određeni su automatskim kemijskim analizatorom Beckman Coulter AU400 (Beckman Coulter, SRNj). Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju da niže koncentracije albumina, triglicerida, željeza i kalcija u krvi imaju krave na lošije ocijenjenim farmama s obzirom na menadžment farme i infrastrukturu. S obzirom na pokazatelje infrastrukturnih karakteristika farme, menađmenta i ukupnu ocjenu farme, koncentracija albumina u mliječnom serumu bila je veća (P&amp;lt;0.05)u krava s lošijom ocjenom. Sedimentacija eritrocita bila je brža na lošije ocijenjenim farmama s obzirom na infrastrukturu farme i ukupnu ocjenu dobrobiti.

Plant-based polymer as a thermoresistant carrier of phytase in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) diets

A biodegradable soybean oil-based polymer produced following the Green Chemistry principles, was assessed as a thermoresistant vehicle of phytase aiming to improve the enzyme stability during fish diet processing. Juvenile Nile tilapia (70 ± 4.3 g) were submitted to a digestibility assay designed in a factorial model (3 ×2) to assess the polymer efficiency. The treatments comprised the combination of three phytase inclusion methods with two feed processing methods. The inclusion methods of phytase were: CPP- coating post processing, in which the enzyme was spread on top of pellets after processing, PAE- polymer associated to enzyme, which was adsorbed by the polymer and included in the ingredients mash prior feed processing and NE- no enzyme inclusion, playing a control role as phytase was not included. The feed processing methods were extrusion (120 °C) or pelleting (40 °C), exposing the polymer to different temperatures. Phytase was supplemented at 1500 units kg−1 using the CPP or PAE methods. There was a significant interaction for the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) values of phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) and Ash (P < 0.05). CPP resulted in higher ADC values for P and Ca, compared to PAE and NE in extruded diets (P < 0.05). The PAE method resulted in higher ADC values of P, Ca, and Ash than NE in extruded diets (P < 0.05). In pelleted diets, PAE resulted in higher ADC values for P and Ca, and a similar ADCAsh in comparison to CPP (P < 0.05). As verified in extruded diets data, the polymer partially protected phytase from heat denaturation, resulting in higher ADC values in comparison to NE (P < 0.05). The polymer improved phytase effects in pelleted diets probably by reducing degradation in fish stomach. These results suggest that the polymer may be a potential protective carrier of phytase and other thermolabile additives in extruded and pelleted diets.

Live weight as an indicator of morphobiochemical blood composition of heifers under intensive breeding technology

Purpose: within the framework of the research work, studies were carried out on the biochemical composition of the blood serum of highly productive cows, different periods of lactation and during the dry period, with tethered and loose housing.Materials and methods. The object of the study were cows of black-and-white Holsteinized breed with a productivity of more than 8500 kg on the farm. Blood sampling for biotesting was taken from 108 cows before morning feeding. Animals of the experimental groups were formed according to different periods of lactation and during the dry period with different methods of keeping. The study was conducted on the basis of the laboratory of biochemistry and physiology of animals of the SZNIIMLPKh named after A. S. Emelyanov.Results. In the period from 1-100 days of lactation, there is an increase in calcium from physiological norms by 9.6%, calcium-phosphorus ratio by 32.6 % and phosphorus deficiency by 6.7 %. Fluctuations in the level of calcium in the blood serum from 7.89-12 mg%, phosphorus from 3.02-3.75 mg%. During the peak of lactation, a decrease in the amount of calcium by 2.7 % is noticeable, as well as a calcium-phosphorus ratio by 1.2% an increase in phosphorus by 4.6 %. Within the group, calcium and phosphorus values ranged from 7.13-13.74 mg%, 2.86-4.48 mg%, respectively. During the period of attenuation of lactation, an increase in the content of calcium by 5.3 %, calcium-phosphorus ratio by 10.8%, a slight decrease in phosphorus by 1.3 % is observed. Calcium values range from 8.23-12.32 mg%, phosphorus from 3.02-4.69 mg%. In the dry period, there is a deviation from the reference values of calcium, phosphorus, calcium-phosphorus ratio by 14.4; 6.7 and 8.4 %, re spectively. There is a difference in the level of calcium within the group from 5.82-10.64 mg%, phosphorus from 2.94-4.05 mg%. The level of calcium, calcium-phosphorus ratio in the blood serum of the examined animals in all periods of lactation on loose content are below the norm by 2.3-11.8 % and 6.7-13.6 %, respectively. In the blood of animals of all groups, calcium values range from 4.36-13.45 mg%, phosphorus from 3.06-5.24 mg%.

Nutrient capture and sustainable yield maximized by a gear modification in artisanal fishing traps

Coral reef artisanal fisheries are an important source of nutrition and economic wellbeing for coastal communities, but their management is subject to conflicts and tradeoffs between short-term food security benefits and long-term ecological function. One potential tradeoff is between nutrient capture and fish yields, where targeting small, nutrient-dense species may be more valuable for food security than maximizing fish yields, which is more closely aligned with supporting biodiversity and ecological function. We explored these potential tradeoffs by comparing two similar gears: traditional African basket traps and traps modified with an escape gap. Traps without escape gaps captured a higher frequency of fish with body sizes below their estimated lengths at maximum sustainable yield than gated traps. Estimates of nutrient yields for six micronutrients among the 208 captured species indicated high hump-shaped relationships for gated traps and low and linear positive relationships for traditional traps. Maximum nutrients in gated traps frequently corresponded to body sizes at maximum sustainable yield. Daily capture rates of nutrients were above daily needs more often in gated than traditional traps, but calcium values were low in both trap designs. Gated traps were more likely to capture species with unique and potentially important functional traits, including browsing herbivores, which could have negative effects on ecological functions and reef recovery. However, gated traps also catch fewer immature fish and fewer predators. Our results indicate that nutrient yields can be maximized while using a gear that captures larger and more sustainable body sizes in coral reef artisanal fisheries. Preferential targeting of nutrient-dense fishes is only one of many metrics for evaluating a nutrition-centered management strategy and may only be a management target in specific contexts.

Age-Related Characteristics of Mineral and Bone Metabolism in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 5D on Hemodialysis

Summary Abnormalities in mineral and bone metabolism are a risk factor for increased cardiovascular and all-cause mortality and bone fractures in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 5D (CKD 5D). This single-center study aimed to investigate the age-related features of mineral and bone disorders in patients with CKD 5D on haemodialysis treatment and analyse the therapy provided. The biochemical parameters of mineral and bone metabolism and the ongoing therapy were studied in 90 patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment, of whom 44 (48.9%) were aged &lt;65 years and 46 (51.1%) were aged ≥65 years. Serum phosphate, 25(OH) vit.D, parathyroid hormone, and serum albumin were significantly lower in patients aged ≥65 years compared with patients aged &lt;65 years. There was a significant negative correlation between these parameters and age. We found no significant differences in therapy between the two age groups. A significant proportion of the patients aged ≥65 years had serum calcium and parathyroid hormone values below the lower desirable limit, while most of those aged &lt;65 years had hyperphosphatemia and parathyroid hormone ≥600 pg/ml. Mineral and bone metabolism in CKD stage 5D patients on hemodialysis showed age-dependent patterns. Knowing them is crucial for optimal treatment.

The Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride, CPP-ACP/NaF, and Sodium Fluoride Varnish on Deciduous Enamel Erosion by Daily Snack ( Drink) in Children/ An In Vitro Study

Objective: Most children consume carbonated soft drinks and fruit juices daily, inducing detrimental low pH and contributing to dental erosion. The current study aimed to assess and compare the efficacy of a single application of 38% Silver diamine fluoride (38% SDF), CPP-ACP/NaF varnish, and Sodium fluoride varnish (NaF) in the prevention of enamel demineralization in primary teeth against daily snack drink in children. &#x0D; Methods: Forty primary anterior teeth (n=40) were divided into four groups and exposed to the following treatments (n=10): G1= 38%SDF (e- SDF TM); G2= CPP-ACP/NaF (MI VarnishTM); G3= NaF varnish (FluoroDose®); G4= Distilled water. The specimens were submitted for four days, with six pH cycles per day (10 minutes in orange juice) (SUNQUICK, IRAQ). Artificial saliva was used to remineralize the specimens after erosion challenges and as storage media between cycles. After four days of pH cycling, all the specimens were subjected to an atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) to measure the amount of Calcium and phosphorus loss in each acidic solution. Scanning Electron Microscope evaluated the enamel topographic characteristics. &#x0D; Results: All varnishes promoted better results for protecting enamel than the distilled water, with a difference. However, 38% of SDF demonstrated less Calcium and phosphorus loss than CPP-ACP/NaF, NaF varnish, and distilled water (p &lt; 0.001). &#x0D; Conclusions: Considering calcium and phosphorus loss values, a single application of each 38% SDF, MI varnish, and Naf effectively inhibited enamel erosion after four days of an erosive challenge, although the best protective effect was in favor of SDF.