Value Of BCR Research Articles

Yield and economic analysis of tamarind under agroforestry system in Tamil Nadu to enhance farmers income

Agroforestry system with the integration of perennial woody trees is most suitable technology for increasing total productivity of food, feed, fuel and thereby reducing the risk of farming and increasing the income of farmers. This study analyses the economics and yield of tamarind under agroforestry system in Tamil Nadu. The major objectives of the study are to prepare the fruit yield table and analyze the economics of tamarind cultivation. Dindigul, Theni, Madurai and Krishnagiri districts were selected and 80 farmers were enquired. Fruit yield from the bearing till their economic yield stage and the cost and returns from tamarind were collected and fruit yield table was prepared. The calculated value of BCR, NPV and IRR are 3.20, 98164.48 and 24.6047 indicating the feasibility of tamarind cultivation.

An economic analysis of production of pomegranate in middle Gujarat

The area and production of pomegranate in Gujarat is increasing noticeably from last decade.The economic viability of pomegranate cultivation has been studied in middle Gujarat. The study was based on the data collected from 90 Pomegranate grower spread over total 9 blocks of the Vadodara, Chhota udepur and Kheda district for the agricultural year 2013- 14. Pomegranate cultivation involves high initial investment, but same time annual net return was also high. The establishment cost of pomegranate orchard was found to be Rs. 81063. The average per ha net return was found Rs. 88686 and average production was found 5482 kg per hectare. The value of economic parameters, viz., NPV, BCR, IRR and PBP was found Rs. 993842, 3.07, 47.66 and 58 month, respectively at 10 per cent discount rate. In all the varying situations of cost and return in sensitivity analysis, values of all these economic parameters satisfied the acceptance rules for investment proposition. This indicates that in varying situations of cost and return, the economic viability of investment on the pomegranate cultivation was stable and certain.

Pengaruh Ukuran dan Kedalaman Geotekstil Teranyam Tipe HRX 200 terhadap Daya Dukung Ultimit dan Penurunan Tanah Lempung Lunak

Geotextile as one of improvement material in soft clay soil has been widely used. This study aims to examine the effect of geotextile dimention and placement depth on ultimate bearing capacity, settlement and Bearing Capacity Ratio of soft clay soil. This test was conducted on a series of square plate foundation loading of 10 cm width on clay soil sample and installing one layer of geotextile-improvement inside with several dimention variations and geotextile depth. Clay soil is on soft condition taken into a box model made of steel plate with the dimention of 120 cm x 120 cm x 100 cm. The result of this research shows that dimension and depth of geotextile affected the bearing capacity and settlement of soft clay soil. There were improvement in ultimate bearing capacity of as high as 3 times higher for geotextile 3Bx3B; 4 times higher for geotextile 4Bx4B; 5 times higher for geotextile 5Bx5B and 6 times higher for geotextile 6Bx6B comparing with bearing capacity of non supported-clay soil. Decreasing of settlement on clay soil was observed on the 3Bx3B improvement (twice lower), and 3 times lower, 4 times lower and 5 times lower for 4Bx4B, 5Bx5B, 6Bx6B, respectively. Geotextile which placed at a depth of 0.4 B and 0.8 B resulted in increased ultimate bearing capacity by 3.13 times. Dimension and depth geoxtile also affect the value of BCR. The highest BCR was on the dimention 6Bx6B on the depth of 0.6 B.

Solar Power Irrigation towards Saving Energy for Agricultural Production: A Feasibility Study

Renewable energy presents a better alternative to fossil fuels with greener impact on environment. The present study was conducted to evaluate the opportunities and viabilities of using direct solar power as a source of green energy in irrigation to make the rice farming profitable one. In the present study 24 Polycrystalline of each 270 watt solar panels were installed in scattered manner at ?240 with a height of 7 ft. A D.C submersible pump of 3.5 KW was set up with a 90 ft depth deep-tubewell (DTW). In Bangladesh sunshine hour varies from 10 to 13 hours and solar radiation varies from 3.5 to 6.0 KW hm-2 day-1 through out year. By direct solar power, average running time of pump was 08 hours per day and full flow of water discharge was 4.5 hours per day. Average water discharge was 40710 liter per hour and total water discharge was 310 m3 per day. By the system a scheme of 15 acres of land was irrigated where 1.3 acre per day. The financial and economic value of BCR was 1.43 and 1.5, respectively; and the financial and economic value of IRR was 68% and 98%, respectively.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(1): 125-128 2015

Magnetic, in situ, mineral characterization of Chelyabinsk meteorite thin section

AbstractMagnetic images of Chelyabinsk meteorite's (fragment F1 removed from Chebarkul lake) thin section have been unraveled by a magnetic scanning system from Youngwood Science and Engineering (YSE) capable of resolving magnetic anomalies down to 10−3 mT range from about 0.3 mm distance between the probe and meteorite surface (resolution about 0.15 mm). Anomalies were produced repeatedly, each time after application of magnetic field pulse of varying amplitude and constant, normal or reversed, direction. This process resulted in both magnetizing and demagnetizing of the meteorite thin section, while keeping the magnetization vector in the plane of the thin section. Analysis of the magnetic data allows determination of coercivity of remanence (Bcr) for the magnetic sources in situ. Value of Bcr is critical for calculating magnetic forces applicable during missions to asteroids where gravity is compromised. Bcr was estimated by two methods. First method measured varying dipole magnetic field strength produced by each anomaly in the direction of magnetic pulses. Second method measured deflections of the dipole direction from the direction of magnetic pulses. Bcr of magnetic sources in Chelyabinsk meteorite ranges between 4 and 7 mT. These magnetic sources enter their saturation states when applying 40 mT external magnetic field pulse.

Molecular responses at 3 and 6 months after switching to a second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor are complementary and predictive of long-term outcomes in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia who fail imatinib

Early molecular response (MR) defined by BCR–ABLIS levels has prognostic impact in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). MR was evaluated at 3 and 6 months after switching to nilotinib or dasatinib in 115 patients with resistance to imatinib. Three groups were delineated at 3 months (< 1%, 1–10% or > 10% BCR–ABLIS levels) with different outcomes at 3 years regarding major molecular response (MMR, 91%, 47%, 22%, p < 0.001), failure-free survival (FFS), progression-free survival (PFS, 96%, 89% and 78%, p = 0.05) and overall survival (OS). After 6 months, patients with MR < 1% had higher 3-year MMR (83% vs. 16%, p < 0.001), FFS, PFS (94% vs. 84%, p = 0.05) and OS. Four patients had 3-month and 6-month MR > 10% and < 1%, respectively (3-year FFS 50%). Thirteen had 3-month and 6-month MR < 10% and ≥ 1%, respectively (3-year FFS 38%). These findings confirm the strong predictive value of 3-month and 6-month BCR–ABLIS levels in imatinib-resistant patients.

Discharge disruptions in a helicon plasma source

We study experimentally and theoretically stable regimes and discharge disruptions in a helicon plasma source. At fixed input power and gas pressure, stable operation of the source is possible below some critical value of magnetic field Bcr. The plasma density increases with the magnetic field and reaches a maximum value nmax at Bcr; after which the discharge disruption occurs. Both Bcr and nmax increase almost linearly with the input power and the rate of increase is increasing with the pressure. Matching of the plasma load to the rf power source improves when approaching the disruption point, and becomes perfect at the critical field. The theory of discharge disruptions assumes the power absorption in a helicon source to arise from the linear conversion of helicon waves into electrostatic waves at the plasma edge. The calculated dependence of the absorbed power on the plasma density turns out to be nonmonotonic with minima at antiresonances of the electrostatic wave excitation. This explains qualitatively principal peculiarities of discharge disruptions. The calculated plasma impedance is in agreement with experimental value within a factor of 2.

On a Babcock‐Leighton Solar Dynamo Model with a Deep‐seated Generating Layer for the Toroidal Magnetic Field. IV.

The study is continued of a dynamo model of the Babcock-Leighton type (i.e., the surface eruptions of toroidal magnetic field are the source for the poloidal field) with a thin, deep seated layer (GL), for the generation of the toroidal field, B. The partial differential equations satisfied by B and by the vector potential for the poloidal field are integrated in time with the help of a second order time- and space-centered finite different scheme. Axial symmetry is assumed; the gradient of the angular velocity in the GL is such that within this layer a transition to uniform rotation takes place; the meridional motion, transporting the poloidal field to the GL, is poleward and about 3 m s-1 at the surface; the radial diffusivity ηr equals 5 × 109 cm2 s-1, and the horizontal diffusivity ηθ is adjusted to achieve marginal stability. The initial conditions are: a negligible poloidal field, and a maximum value of |B| in the GL equal to 1.5 × Bcr, where Bcr is a prescribed field. For every time step the maximum value of |B| in the GL is computed. If this value exceeds Bcr, then there is eruption of a flux tube (at the latitude corresponding to this maximum) that rises radially to the surface. Only one eruption is allowed per time step (Δt) and B in the GL is unchanged as a consequence of the eruption. The ensemble of eruptions is the source for the poloidal field, i.e., no use is made of a mean field equation relating the poloidal with the toroidal field. For a given value of Δt, and since the problem is linear, the solutions scale with Bcr. Therefore, the equations need to be solved for one value of Bcr only. Since only one eruption is allowed per time step, the dependence of the solutions on Δt needs to be studied. Let Ft be an arbitrary numerical factor (= 3 for example) and compare the solutions of the equations for (Bcr, Δt) and (Bcr, Δt/3). It is clear that there will be 3 times as many eruptions in the second case (with the shorter time step) than in the first case. However, if the erupted flux in case one is multiplied by 3, then the solutions for this case become nearly identical to those of case two (Δt is shorter than any typical time of the system, and the difference due to the unequal time steps is negligible). Therefore, varying the time step is equivalent to keeping Δt fixed while multiplying the erupted flux by an appropriate factor. In the numerical calculations Δt was set equal to 105 s. The factor Ft can then be interpreted as the number of eruptions per 105 s. The integration of the equations shows that there is a transition in the nature of the solutions for Ft ≈ 2.5. For Ft 2.5, the eruptions occur for θ greater than ≈ π/4, where θ is the polar angle. Furthermore, for Ft 2.5. The factor Ft is an arbitrary parameter in the model and an appeal to observations is necessary. We set Bcr = 103 G. In the model, the magnetic flux of erupting magnetic tubes, is then about 3 × 1021 G, of the order of the solar values. For this value of Bcr and for the value of Ft (≈ 2.5) at which the transition takes place, the total erupted flux in 10 years is about 0.85 × 1025 Mx in remarkable agreement with the total erupted flux during a solar cycle. Concerning the dynamo models studied here, a major drawback encountered in previous papers has been the eruptions at high latitudes, which entail unrealistically large values for the radial magnetic field at the poles. The results of this paper provide a major step forward in the resolution of this difficulty.