Average Delay Values Research Articles

Channel Bonding Effects of the IEEE802.11n Standard on the WLANs Performance

The evolution of wireless communication technologies has led to the widespread adoption of Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). IEEE 802.11n provides many enhancements in physical and MAC layers such as (channel bonding(CB), Multiple Input/Output (MIMO), frame aggregation and block acknowledgment) to achieve higher throughput and improved reliability. As a result, CB is a key technique for enhancing the performance of wireless network. It is frequently used in various fields, such as workplace networks and live streaming. This research paper focuses on analyzing the effect of channel bonding on the performance of the IEEE802.11n WLANs, especially in two terms (throughput and delay). By using the OPNET (Riverbed) Modular version 17.5, five various number of nodes (5, 10, 15, 18 and 30 nodes) uniform topologies are modeled and simulated to investigate the WLANs performance for various MIMO up to 4 SS. Simulation outcomes indicated that applying of CB enhanced both delay and velocity performance. Specifically, in the scenarios (30 nodes), for MIMO (4×4) spatial streams, the average throughput value for channel bonding is (157.28 Mbps) compared to (87.41 Mbps) for no-channel bonding, and the average delay value for channel bonding is (0.0476 Sec) compared to (0.06762 Sec) for no-channel bonding. The enhancement values in the performance of WLANs are 42% and 79.9% for latency and throughput (velocity), respectively.

Efficiency evaluating method for coordinated control type on main street

For the majority of cities with an established transport system, certain intensity fluctuations are characteristic, which are cyclical and repeated during a day, day and night and week. Taking into account the available equipment, executive elements of the first layer of intelligent transportation systems (ITS), it is possible to promptly assess the transportation situation and change the mode of control in the on-line format, but this kind of technology is mainly presented in large cities. In spite of the fact that in cities with a small population, belonging to the category of small and medium-sized cities there are identical problems in the field of coordinated management of main streets, on such sections there is no possibility of operational change of management, due to the lack of special equipment and implementation of constant monitoring and control of the traffic situation. In order to improve the efficiency of management in such sections located in small and medium-sized cities, it is necessary to develop a way to evaluate the effectiveness of coordinated management, which is the main purpose of the study.Methods and materials. As a result of the performed research, methods of field observations, calculation methods and modelling methods were used.Results. As part of the completed study, a method to evaluate the effectiveness of the coordinated type of control based on a comparison of the average intensity of the adjacent and mainline section and their corresponding average delay values was developed.Conclusion. The use of the obtained results on the research object made possible to establish time periods of application of coordination and rigid non-coordinated control.

Rancang Bangun Sistem Kontrol dan Monitoring Suhu dan Kelembaban Tanah pada Greenhouse berbasis Internet of Thing menggunakan Aplikasi Telegram

The quality of plant growth is significantly influenced by environmental factors, including temperature, air humidity, soil moisture, light intensity, and air quality. Therefore, an agrotechnology approach is required to manage exposure to these environmental factors in accordance with the needs of plant growth processes, which can be achieved through greenhouse technology. To facilitate real-time and remote monitoring and control in the greenhouse farming system, this research involves the design of a temperature and humidity control and monitoring system based on the Internet of Things (IoT). This study employed a NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller and a DHT11 sensor to detect the temperature and humidity levels in the greenhouse. The performance test results show that the system works well according to the programming algorithm provided, with an average error rate of 1.2% for the temperature sensor and 1.17% for the humidity sensor. The test results for notification delay time on the Telegram application also meet the standard requirements of Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization Over Networks (TIPHON), with an average delay value of 0.532882 ms

Implementation of Mobile Ad-Hoc Network Using BATMAN Routing Protocol (Better Approach To Mobile Ad-hoc Network) for Salinity Monitoring in Vaname Shrimp Farms

Salinity is the key parameters in the shrimp culture environment. Conventional method is by visiting each pond plot. But,due to the large number and distance between the plots, this method is less effective. This ineffectiveness can lead to less than optimal yields. Manet is applied to increase the effectiveness of checking salinity using the BATMAN routing protocol. In this study, 2 units of laptops were used that act as Node 1 and Node 4, 2 units of Orange Pi Zero as Node 2, and 3. Each device is connected to a conductivity sensor to measure the salinity. The four devices are configured with an adhoc network using the BATMAN routing protocol. This research was conducted to provide an alternative for monitoring salinity to make it more effective. Based on the results of testing and analysis of network quality, the average delay value is 22.285 ms. The low delay value affects the percentage of packet loss in the four test scenarios with an average percentage of 0.999759613 %. Memory and CPU usage in testing 4 transition scenarios resulted in an average memory usage of 0.225% and CPU usage of 0.725%. The BATMAN routing protocol does not use a lot of memory and CPU usage because it only forwards data packets without the need to process data. From these data, it can be concluded that manet with batman routing protocol can be used as an alternative communication to provide communication network services in areas where there is no fixed network infrastructure.

PENERAPAN FAILOVER NETWORK MENGGUNAKAN JARINGAN VPN DAN JARINGAN WIRELESS POINT-TO-POINT PADA DISTANCE BUILDING DI PT. TITIPAN KILAT RIAU

This research is intended to build a network that that can connect branch offices with main office buildings in a company. This is done in order to create all performance connected to a company network that can improve and run well, so as to be able to support the company's business processes. At the stage of meeting company needs and in an effort to overcome problems in the network used technology that can always be online with the expectation of quality of services (QoS) approaching 100%.. The technology applied uses two communication lines, the first connection line is point-to-point wireless and the second connection line applies a Virtual Private Network (VPN) with the use of the internet. Handles failover on both network communication connections used by the mikrotik router. This allows if one connection is lost, the other connection line will automatically become a backup line. In this failed network simulation, it shows satisfactory results, as can be seen from the communication performance that runs without feeling tired of traffic. The application of this method can also operate without involving humans. In addition, the results of the measurement of the time lag required for switching connection lines have an average delay value of not more than 4.97 seconds.

Implementasi Virtual Private Server untuk Mini Hosting

Virtual Private Server is a private server whose entire resource is used by one user only and is not influenced by other users. The technology used by VPS is virtualization of physical server hardware which is then divided into several different resources. Called virtual because this division uses software so that in one physical server there are several VPS running. To be more extensive in terms of server control, researchers use Public IP and Dedicated IP as a distributor of VPS systems from local to public. In addition, in this VPS implementation, debian linux and ubuntu linux are used as operating systems to create a VPS server. To get the value of the VPS network performance test from the client using the parameters of the Quality of Service (QoS), namely Delay and Jitter. From the test results, the value of the VPS server resource obtained can be categorized as very good and feasible to be implemented with an average server CPU load of 2.9%, memory 71.23%, disk space 16.1%. And testing the QoS parameters (delay, jitter) also gets good performance and has a fairly low value obtained with an average delay value of 6-37.24%, jitter of 8.95-59.95%.

Optimization of Delay at Isolated Signalized Intersection Using HCS2010 and SIDRA Intersection 8 Software: a Case Study

Signalized intersections play a significant role in regulating the traffic stream in urban transportation networks. Extensive delay increases travel time cost and reduces Level Of Service (LOS). This study is conducted to determine delay at five isolated signalized intersections in Erbil city, Iraq using two software to improve intersection performance. The Highway Capacity Software (HCS+T7F) and Signalized and Unsignalized Intersection Design and Research Aid (SIDRA Intersection 8) software. An optimizing model following the Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been applied to optimize the signal cycle time using HCS2010(HCS+T7F) and SIDRA software in order to minimize delay at signalized intersections. The average delay value for all the intersections has been reduced after optimization using SIDRA delay model, which represents 21% reduction. On the other hand, by using HCS2010, the value has been reduced by 29% reduction, which is still higher than average field measured delay. In addition, SIDRA optimizing model has a lower optimum cycle time compared with HCS2010 optimize model. For better performance, the intersections should be optimized depending on the SIDRA.

EVALUASI KINERJA LALU LINTAS SIMPANG KRANJI KOTA BEKASI

Taking into account the worsening congestion conditions and the impact on public health and the environment, it is concluded that strategic steps are needed to overcome congestion in Jabodetabek, especially in the Bekasi area. In detail, intersection capacity management aims to reduce traffic conflict points caused by confluence of traffic flows from different intersection legs. If the confluence of these traffic flows and the number of conflict points are not managed properly, it is certain that there will be acute congestion at the intersection. it is necessary to conduct research on "Evaluation of Traffic Performance at the Kranji Intersection in Bekasi City". Some secondary data and the results of obtaining primary data are then compiled and processed, so that information or an initial study will be obtained about the current condition of road traffic volume. In this stage, a synthesis of the data obtained from secondary data and primary surveys will be carried out. The data and information will be used in the context of modeling the performance of the road network sections around the Kranji Intersection, Bekasi City. Based on the evaluation of traffic performance at the Kranji intersection, there was a percentage decrease in the average delay value of vehicles from the existing condition to the planned condition of 72.04%, while the percentage decrease in the value of the average queue of vehicles at the intersection was 62.18%.

Analysis of Computer Network Performance on Communication and Informatics Office of West Sumbawa Regency Using Quality of Service Method

This study aims to determine and analyze network performance with quality of service parameters in realizing good and optimal network performance quality so that it can be adjusted between the efficiency of network needs and the effectiveness of user access at the Communication and Informatics Office of West Sumbawa Regency. The process of accumulating data is obtained by measuring the quality of service parameters using the quality of service method and measuring bandwidth load distribution with the load set at 30 Mbps. The quality of service method on the network, the influence between the variables of network performance quality on the internet connection, and the bandwidth capacity of each user are known. The study results from the quality of service analysis at the Communication and Informatics Service of West Sumbawa Regency entered the excellent category with an average throughput value ranging from 10,320-1,026,454 kbps from the fourth index being in the excellent category. The average packet loss value of 0-1.5% of the third index is in a good category, with the highest value occurring on the fifth day, 1.5%. The average delay value ranges from 7-150 ms, with the highest delay value occurring on the first day due to the user's distance from the remote network access source and queues in dense packet transmission. The average jitter value of 1-12 ms from the third index is in a good category, and the maximum result of the bandwidth value set in size is 9,092,407 bps

Analisis Kinerja Load Balancing Terhadap Jaringan Internet Menggunakan Metode Equal Cost Multi Path (ECMP)

Load balancing on Mikrotik is a technique for distributing loads network traffic on two or more connection lines in a balanced way, so that network traffic can run optimally, maximize transfer speed, reduce response time and avoid excessive capacity usage on one connection line. There are various methods that can be used in load balancing, one of which is the ECMP method. ECMP is a load balancing method that is used to divide the traffic of two or more internet connections with the same load on each line. The application of load balancing on the internet network using the ECMP method has good performance as evidenced by the distribution of a balanced number of connection loads on each gateway, and if one source of the internet connection dies or a fileover occurs, the backup will automatically run itself by taking connections from active internet resources. The QoS measurement results in this study produce good quality because the value meets the THIPON (Telecomunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization Over Network) standard where the average throughput value is more than 2 Mbps, the average delay value is less than 150 ms, the average packet loss value is less than 3% while the mean value of jitter is less than 125 ms. 
 
 Keywords: Load Balancing, ECMP, Internet Network, QoS,

IMPLEMENTASI PENGENDALI LAYAR PROYEKTOR DENGAN ANDROID

The use of Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) in daily activities is often hampered because you still have to use a laptop or computer for features to deliver presentations, therefore this research designed an LCD projector control system using a smartphone, where the LCD projector can be controlled using a smartphone, either it turns on, turns off, or whoever the source of information or video that wants to be displayed on the LCD projector can only use a smartphone. This system uses a Raspberry Pi as the link between the LCD projector and the smartphone, the screen display from the smartphone will be sent to the Raspberry Pi via a wifi network, which will then be displayed on the LCD projector. As well as in tests that try to measure the strength of the WIFI signal against the distance obtained if this system can run properly with a maximum distance between the smartphone and raspberry pi 18 meters. And the ideal distance is 10 meters. As well as for the Quality of Service (QoS) test, the average delay value resulting from measurements from various points is 359ms. And the average throughput value is 169.3KBps.

Analyzing and stabilizing multichannel ALOHA with the use of the preamble-based exploration phase

Introduction: Internet of Things devices are actively used within the framework of Massive Machine-Type Communication scenarios. The interaction of devices is carried out by random multiple-access algorithms with limited throughput. To improve throughput one can use orthogonal preambles in the ALOHA-type class of algorithms. Purpose: To analyze ALOHA-based algorithms using the exploration phase and to calculate the characteristics for the algorithm with and without losses with a finite number of channels. Results: We have described a system model that employs random access for data transmission over a common communication channel with the use of orthogonal preambles and exploration phase. We have obtained a formula for numerical calculation of the throughput of an algorithm channel with losses with an infinite number of preambles and a given finite number of channels. The calculation results for several values of the number of independent channels are presented. A modification of the algorithm using the exploration phase and repeated transmissions is proposed and described. The system in question can work without losses. For this system, we have given the analysis of the maximum input throughput up to which the system operates stably. Also, the average delay values for the algorithm that were obtained by simulation modeling are shown. By reducing the number of available preambles, the results obtained can be used as an upper bound on the system throughput. Practical relevance: The results obtained allow to assess the potential for improving the throughput of random multiple-access systems in 6G networks through the application of the exploration phase.

Video Streaming Implementation for Open Source Based Online Learning

The very rapid development of information and communication technology encourages various users, institutions and agencies to utilize video learning systems or video tutorials as learning media to increase the effectiveness and flexibility of learning. The advantages that can be obtained with video learning are in terms of flexibility and mobility. Through video learning learning material or video tutorials can be accessed anytime and from anywhere and the material can be enriched with various learning resources. Through video-learning, tutors or instructors can make their own video tutorials as learning materials for students or employees which can be accessed directly via their own server or website so they can add more value to their practice. The results of implementing video streaming for Online Learning using the Linux Ubuntu Server operating system and the Ostube application with internet network infrastructure using TelkomSpeedy Internet Service Provider (ISP) with a bandwidth of 1 Mbps obtained the results of measuring the delay parameter with an average delay value of 6.6 ms so that it can be concluded that it is included in the very good category. The results of measuring the packet loss parameter obtained an average packet loss value of 0%, which is included in the Tiphon version of the very good category. For the measurement of Throughput values ​​obtained an average value of 3987 kbit/sec. While measuring the peak jitter value, the average value of jitter time is 2,909 ms. From the calculation of the jitter value, the category of jitter degradation according to Tiphon's version is very good. 6 ms so that it can be concluded that it is in the very good category..

Assessing the sufficiency indicators of a set of spare parts, tools and accessories for uninterruptible power supplies of a data centre using data sheet specifications

Aim. To suggest a method of estimating the parameters of a set of spare parts, tools and accessories (SPTA) according to data sheet specifications for industrial uninterruptible powers supplies (UPS) of data centres using state-of-the-art techniques. Methods. The paper uses methods of the dependability theory, the Markov process theory and the optimisation method. Results. Using the suggested approach, the stages of parametric synthesis of an SPTA kit were defined for mainline modular UPS that feature redundancy with repair and limited SPTA. For each stage, the application of mathematical models required for calculating the dependability characteristics and parameters of power module components based on UPS dependability indicators is substantiated along with the mathematical models that associate the sufficiency indicators of an SPTA kit with its parameters. Those models allow calculating the failure and recovery rates of UPS power modules, as well as the mean time to failure and restoration based on the data sheet specifications of reliability, maintainability and availability. In turn, the obtained dependability characteristics are the input data for calculating the SPTA sufficiency values (average delay in meeting a request). Using the value of average delay in meeting a request with an SPTA kit as a criterion for the mean time to power module restoration allows suggesting that it is, in principle, possible to ensure the specified dependability indicators in the course of its operation, and, therefore, such UPS can be used. Should the latter be possible, then using the value of average delay in meeting a request as a restriction, while taking into account the restrictions on the initial SPTA inventory, will allow synthesising the SPTA kit (select a replenishment strategy and define its parameters (delivery time, etc.). Comparing the logistical capabilities and the resulting data for the selected replenishment strategy will allow making a final conclusion regarding the capability to maintain the specified UPS dependability characteristics throughout the operation period. Using the above method, the parameters were synthesised of a single kit of spare parts, tools and accessories, using the Protect 3.M UPS as an example. Conclusion. The approach suggested in the paper allows estimating both the general feasibility of ensuring the specified dependability, and the economic expediency of using industrial mainline modular UPS with redundancy and recovery. Additionally, if ensuring the UPS dependability is possible, but the operating costs of its maintenance are unacceptable, the possibility of reducing the number of repair teams (reducing the cost of their deployment) and/or using more efficient redundancy methods (mixed redundancy, mixed redundancy with rotation, etc.) should be evaluated. However, it should be taken into consideration that the proposed approach based on the use of mathematical models does not guarantee a 100% accuracy of SPTA parameter estimation, as the mathematical models that it uses, like any other models, have a limited accuracy and the results obtained with their help require experimental confirmation by means of testing or controlled operation.

Sistem Internet of Things dan Transmisi Data Menggunakan Aplikasi Telegram pada Sistem Keamanan Sepeda Motor

A motorcycle is a two-wheeled vehicle that is driven by an engine. With a motorcycle, it will be faster and easier to reach our destination. This makes motorcycle users on the road more visible than other vehicles. As a result of a large number of motorcycle vehicles, the crime of motorcycle theft has increased. The main factor underlying the theft of motorcycles is economic factors. Therefore, an IoT-based motorcycle security system was created with the Telegram application. Where the security system uses the Quectel L80 GPS, and fingerprint and can also control the motorbike with the telegram application. The results of testing the command on the motorcycle security system using the telegram application obtained a stable delay time in each experiment. Where the average value of delay in testing the Engine ON and Engine OFF commands is 5.01. While the average value of delay in the fingerprint ADD test is 4.4 seconds and the average delay value in the fingerprint Delete test is 2.3 seconds. In the Quality of Service assessment from the test results using Wireshark, it can be seen that the average results on the network are good because they meet the standardization requirements with an index value of 3.3. Where the average delay value is 170,168865 ms, the average throughput value is 17573,68780-kilo bytes/17k, and the packet loss value is 0%. .

Analisis Kinerja Protokol MQTT dan HTTP Pada Akuisisi Data Magnet Berbasis Internet of Things

One of the determinants of the quality of magnetic data is continuous data, so we need a data transmission system that can continuously transmit observational data. In this research, a magnetometer communication system design was carried out with the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) using the MQTT and HTTP protocol, where measurement data in the form of the x-axis, y-axis, z-axis, horizontal components, and total magnetic field components are displayed on the dashboard in real time and continuously. Testing the performance of sending data is done using the Wireshark, it is known that the MQTT protocol has a better delivery quality compared to the HTPP protocol with an average delay value of 0.0120 seconds, an average value of packet length of 54 bytes and a packet loss value of 0.11%, while the HTTP protocol has an average delay value of 0.0257 seconds, an average packet length value of 268.1 bytes and a packet loss value of 0.5%.

Performance of VoIP Using Routing Open Shortest Path First with Multi-Protocol Label Switching

Voice over internet protocol is a communication technology in the world of computer network that can be used for sending voice or video and data transmission over Internet Protocol in real time. VoIP network can be implemented with Asterisk applications as a server to a Private Automatic Branch eXchange applied in a Graphical Network Simulator 3. In this study, VoIP communication using routing OSPF within MPLS will be calculated, the QoS value collected based on impact performance under normal condition and not normal condition (link failure) different varian bandwidth in the network. The results from the simulation show that in normal condition and not normal condition there is average delay value with routing OSPF 4 ms and routing OSPF with MPLS 5 ms, the value of jitter max which same of 6 ms using varian bandwidth from 256 kbps and 512 kbps. All of the QoS parameters, such as delay, jitter and packet loss will be compare to standard ITU-T G.114. This research can be extended with addition of another measurement or another protocol.

Retraction Note to: Motorized Level of Service Classification for Urban Uncontrolled Intersections

Service and total delay are considered for classifying MLOS and intersections, respectively. GPS is used to collect travel time and speed data for turning movements that are transformed into average delay values. Thirteen junctions from eight different cities in India form the dataset. Divisive followed by agglomerative clustering (DAC-HAC) algorithm is applied as a two-step process for obtaining the service and total delay ranges. Validation of clusters is performed based on the Davies-Bouldin score, Calinski-Harabasz index, and Silhouette gaps. Based on DAC-HAC, uncontrolled intersections are classified into six categories (Cat-I, II, III, IV, V, and VI). Results indicate MLOS classes “D”, “E” and “F” have significantly higher service delay ranges as compared to Highway capacity manual “control” delay ranges indicating mixed traffic conditions. Most of the uncontrolled intersections under mixed traffic fall under Cat-IV, V, and VI, having higher total delay ranges (> 60 s/ vehicle/ approach). Finally, validation of the clustering results is done for geometric and roadside environmental features.

PERANCANGAN JARINGAN DENGAN PROTOKOL EIGRP DI UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA

In this journal, a new network is designed in the area of Udayana University, Bukit JimbaranCampus using Cisco Packet Tracer. The purpose of this design is to build a network that can improveefficiency in the process of exchanging data and information. The design uses one dynamic routing,namely Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP). EIGRP was chosen because thisprotocol is the only protocol that has a backup system. In addition, the network that is designed alsouses a ring topology, with the consideration that the ring topology is the best topology for buildingnetworks with service areas in the form of rotations. Analysis of the designed network performancehas been carried out by sending PING with several scenarios to obtain packet loss, throughput, anddelay parameter values. Based on the research results obtained the same packet loss parametervalue for each case that is 0%, the average value of throughput is 4,398 bps, and the average delayvalue is 10.125 ms. The three results of each of these parameters meet the requirements of theTIPHON in the excellent category and have a class 4 index.

The Study of Adding Left Turn Lanes Effectiveness at Signalized Intersection with PKJI 2014 (Case Study Sarwo Edhie Wibowo-Sudirman Signalized Intersection, Magelang, Indonesia)

The signalized intersection on the case study area continued getting worse in recent times due to the increasing traffic volume. To increase the level of service, treatment is carried out by adding a special left turn lanes of Sarwo Edhi Wibowo Street (named sodetan road). The research was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of adding left-turn lane to increase the intersection capacity. Analysis method using Pedoman Kapasitas Jalan Indonesi (PKJI) 2014. Based on the analysis results, the snooze value and queue length decreased in the observation area (sodetan road), but the decrease in the average delay value of all approach lanes was not significant enough. Unfortunately, the level of service with or without the new road has not changed, still worse (F). Widening road in the form of the addition of sodetan road at this signalized intersections turns out not to be very effective in solving congestion problems. This research is expected to be a recommendation for related agencies in improving the performance of the signalized intersection and can be considered in the development of policies related to the effectiveness of widening the road or adding lanes at other intersections in reducing congestion at intersections.