Values In Turkey Research Articles

Volleyball as a rising value in Turkey: Metaphorical perceptions of young female volleyball players

Aim: In this study, the understanding of female student-athletes who actively participate in the volleyball branch was tried to be determined through metaphor. Method: For this purpose, the study group consisted of student-athletes aged 8-16 who were actively playing volleyball in the 2023-2024 season. Pre-prepared metaphor forms were given to the students to bring together data. In these forms, they were demanded to fill in the blanks consisting of words with the phrase "volleyball branch is like… because…". In the first sentence, the athletes were asked to produce metaphors for the volleyball branch, while in the second sentence, starting with "because", the athletes were asked to provide justified expressions as to why they chose the metaphor they produced. Collected data; A 5-step evaluation was made, including listing and sorting, evaluation of sample images, category development, ensuring validity and reliability, and quantitative data analysis. The reliability of the study was checked out by utilizing Miles and Huberman's reliability formula [Reliability=Consensus/(Consensus+Dissensus] using expert opinions. Findings: Although it was determined that the most metaphors (n:13, f:28, 52%) in the categories related to the volleyball branch were in the emotional need images category, the most frequently used metaphor (n: 4, f: 51, 16%) was ıt was found to be in the developmental images category. Participating volleyball players mostly used the metaphors of future, life, career, success, my reason for living, light, happiness and family, respectively. Conclusions: Student athletes expressed the concept of volleyball from different perspectives through metaphors. In this context, student athletes see volleyball as a basic need. This has led to the conclusion that the success of our women's national team in particular plays a decisive role in this field and significantly affects the lives of female athletes. In addition, it has been observed that the volleyball branch has an increasing effect on the quality of life of student athletes and has a functional importance that touches the living spaces of athletes. (Extended English summary is at the end of this document) Özet Amaç: Bu araştırmada voleybol branşına aktif katılım gösteren kadın sporcu öğrencilerin bu branşa ilişkin algıları metafor aracığılıyla tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Yöntem: Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışma grubu 2023-2024 sezonunda aktif voleybol oynayan 8-16 yaş arası sporcu öğrencilerden oluşmuştur. Veri toplamak amacıyla öğrencilere önceden hazırlanmış metafor formlar verilmiştir. Bu formlarda, ‘’voleybol branşı… gibidir… çünkü…’’ ibareli kelimelerden oluşan boşluklar verilerek, sporcuların formları doldurmaları istenmiştir. Birinci cümlede sporculardan voleybol branşına yönelik metafor üretmeleri istenirken ''çünkü'' ile başlayan ikinci cümlede sporculardan üretmiş oldukları metaforu niçin seçtiklerine dair gerekçeli ifadelerini sunmaları istenmiştir. Toplanan veriler; listeleme ve ayıklama, örnek imgelerin değerlendirilmesi, kategori geliştirme, geçerlilik güvenirliğin sağlanması ve nicel veri analizi aşamaları olmak üzere 5 basamaklı değerlendime yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın güvenirliği uzman görüşlerinden yararlanılarak, Miles ve Huberman’ın geliştirmiş oldukları [Güvenirlik=Görüş birliği/(Görüş birliği+ Görüş ayrılığı)] formül kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Voleybol branşına ilişkin ortaya çıkan kategorilerde en fazla metaforun(n:13,f:28,%52) duygusal ihtiyaç imgeleri kategorisinde olduğu tespit edilmiş olsa da, en sık kullanılan metaforun (n:4,f:51,%16), gelişimsel imgeler kategorisinde olduğu saptanmıştır. Katılım gösteren voleybolcular sırasıyla en çok gelecek, hayat, kariyer, başarı, yaşama sebebim, ışık, mutluluk ve aile metaforlarını kullanmışlardır. Sonuçlar: Sporcu öğrenciler voleybol kavramını metaforlar aracılığıyla farklı bakış açılarıyla ifade etmişlerdir. Bu bağlamda sporcu öğrenciler voleybolu öncelikle temel bir ihtiyaç olarak görmektedirler. Bu durum, özellikle kadın milli takımımızın göstermiş olduğu başarının bu alanda belirleyici bir rol oynadığı ve kadın sporcuların hayatlarını önemli oranda etkilediği sonucuna varılmıştır. Bunun yanında voleybol branşının sporcu öğrencilerin yaşam kalitesini arttırıcı etkisi olduğu, sporcuların yaşam alanlarına dokunan işlevsel öneme sahip olduğu görülmüştür.

An Alternative Sensitivity Analysis for the Evaluation of MCDA Applications: The Significance of Brand Value in the Comparative Financial Performance Analysis of BIST High-End Companies

Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) applications consist of techniques that enable the decision maker to make clearer decisions in scenarios where there is more than one alternative and criterion. The general approach for sensitivity analysis in MCDA applications implies sensitivity to the weight coefficient. In this study, as an alternative approach, we reinterpret sensitivity by using the statistical relationship between the final ranking produced by an MCDA method and a constant external factor. Thus, we both verify through an anchor and reveal to what extent the change in the weight coefficient changes the external relations of MCDA. The motivation for this study is to propose an alternative sensitivity methodology. On the other hand, brand value is a parameter that contains critical information about the future of the company, which has not integrated into financial performance studies made with MCDAs before. To that end, the financial performance of 31 companies with the highest brand value in Turkey and trading on Borsa Istanbul between 2013 and 2022 was analyzed with seven different MCDA applications via integrating brand value into the criteria for the first time. The study’s findings revealed that the proposed innovative sensitivity tests produced similarly robust results as traditional tests. In addition, brand value has been proved to be an advantageous criterion to be implemented into MCDAs for financial performance problems through the sensitivity analysis made.

Çevresel Etki ve Değerlendirme Bağlamında Kalkınma ve Çevresel Değerler Çatışması: Malatya İli Örneği

In the world, where the economic system has been constantly developing and changing from the İndustrial Revolution to today, the volume of production and consumption has increased with the increasing world population, and this has brought new burdens to the ecological system. The increase in the use of fossil fuels for energy needs with the Industrial Revolution, the increase in production on a global scale with the development of international trade, while increasing wealth on the one hand, resulted in an increase in environmental problems on the other. As a result of the thesis that the world states will develop with the motto of capitalism, "more production, more consumption", the ecological system has faced a burden that it cannot bear. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), which was first introduced to the world within the scope of the National Environmental Policy Act, which came into force in the USA in 1970, on the necessity of ensuring development without damaging environmental values, is a process in which the significant effects of a certain project or development on the environment are determined. It was implemented as a process. This study aims to reveal how EIA applications are used as an effective mechanism in protecting environmental values in Turkey and in Malatya in particular, and to reveal their deficiencies. In the study, a qualitative method based on literature review and observation was used.

Relationships between nurse managers' person-organization fit, person-job fit, and cultural values in Turkey.

While individuals' thoughts and behaviors are shaped according to their environment's cultural characteristics, the managers' values also shape organizational culture. Therefore, the concepts of person-organization fit and person-job fit can also be affected by the managers' culture. This research aimed to examine the relationships between organization, job fit and cultural values of nurse managers working in university hospitals in Turkey. This research is a cross-sectional analytical study. The research sample comprised 391 nurse managers working in the 20 university hospitals in Turkey. The research data were collected via an information form, individual cultural values scale, person-organization fit scale (POFS), and person-job fit scale (PJFS). Descriptive statistics were computed to define demographic characteristics. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationship between numeric variables. The means of the nurse managers' power distance, uncertainty avoidance, collectivism, masculinity, long-term orientation scores were 3.03, 5.98, 5.34, 3.02, and 5.60, respectively. The means of the nurse managers' POFS and PJFS scores were 3.33 and 4.13, respectively. There was a positive relationship among power distance and long-term orientation dimensions and person-organization fit, while there was a negative relationship between the masculinity dimension and person-job fit (p < 0.05). This study found that the nurse managers' individual cultural values were related to the organization and job fit. In this context, it is worth considering the individuals' cultural values in nurse recruitment and selection processes.

Institutional Strengthening and National Insights (Dar Al-Ahdi Wa Al-Syahadah) in The Indonesian Community Diaspora in Turkey

Strengthening the institutional and national insights of Dar Al Ahdi wa Al Syahadah is an essential endeavor for internalization. The leadership of the Special Branch of Muhammadiyah Turkey, as a significant organization, plays a crucial role in reinforcing national identity and promoting moderate Islamic values in Turkey. This community service project aimed to enhance the understanding of the Chairperson of the Special Branch of Muhammadiyah Turkey through teaching and training methods. However, the abstract lacks clarity in defining the main problem faced by the PCIM Turkiye and the specific results achieved from these community service activities. In conclusion, out of a total of 20 participants from the Chairperson of the Special Branch of Muhammadiyah Turkey requires further improvements in understanding to strengthen institutions and enhance the national insight of Dar Al Ahdi wa Al Syahadah. Moreover, based on the results of the post-test and pre-test that we did, the leadership of the Muhammadiyah Türkiye Special Branch already has a good understanding of this topic of service, and will continue to try to internalize the values among its members. In addition, we also strengthen the independence of PCIM Turkiye by helping to strengthen their business ventures.

Relationship between the BIST Food and Beverage Index and the Stock Values of Coca-Cola İçecek Company

The study aims to examine the relationship between BIST Food and Beverage Index and Coca-Cola İçecek stock values in Turkey. The Granger method was used to measure the variables in the study, including daily data from the 12th of September 2012 to the 12th of September 2022. The results revealed a one-sided relationship between the BIST Food and Beverage Index and the stock values of Coca-Cola İçecek company. In other words, the increase or decrease in the value of the stocks of this company affects the BIST Food and Beverage Index values.

Investigation of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Flowers’ Antioxidant Properties and Antibacterial Activities against Different Staphylococcus Species Associated with Bovine Mastitis

Mastitis is one of the most considerable and costly diseases for dairy herds, and Staphylococcus spp. is known to be the main causative agent. Although antibiotics are widely used in the treatment of mastitis, this can cause both antibiotic residues in milk and the risk of antibiotic resistance occurrence in bacteria. Thus, in recent years, researchers have focused on alternative treatments for this disease and plants extracts are investigated for this purpose. Pomegranate is widely used as a dye, ornament, and medicinal plants in the industry, and the species has a particularly high economic value in Turkey. This study aims to investigate in vitro the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the pomegranate flower’s extracts against different Staphylococcus species associated with bovine mastitis. To this aim, pomegranate flowers were collected from different regions in Turkey and extracts were prepared with three different solvents (methanol, ethanol, and water). The retention factor values of the ethanol extract were determined by thin-layer chromatography. The antibacterial activity tests were carried out via the disk diffusion method. In addition, the extracts were tested against the stable DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) free radicals for antioxidant activity. Four retention factors (0.79, 0.67, 0.58, and 0.33 points) were found for the ethanol extract. The methanol extract showed the highest inhibition zones against coagulase-negative Staphylococcus-37 (CNS-37) and S. aureus-18. The lowest MIC was 6500 μg/mL. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in methanol extracts. As a result, the extracts of pomegranate flowers showed a high antioxidant and antibacterial potential against the examined mastitis pathogens.

Analysis of the factors affecting petrol station values in Turkey

ABSTRACT This study aims to provide the users with formulas for petrol station value estimation activities in Turkey. Firstly, 432 advertisements were used to estimate the asking price of the real estate listings dataset. Secondly, data obtained from 239 valuation reports were used to estimate value. The data were analysed with regression analysis, the variables were found to explain 68.7% of the asking price in the advertisement data and 90.7% of the value in the valuation reports. The results indicated that users could estimate the value of a petrol station by using some of the advertisement data or valuation reports in the estimation. This study can help valuers, especially in cases where access to the actual sales data is required for the market approach, the data needed for the cost approach, and the time needed for value estimation are limited. Our findings indicate that the share of ancillary revenues in the total revenues of petrol stations increased. In Turkey, the revenues of petrol stations, and the revenues from sales of petroleum products increased by 189%, and ancillary revenues by 326% from 2016 to 2021. Moreover, the value of petrol stations belong to one of the five major dealers increase by 24.4%.

YEŞİL TAHVİL İHRACI DUYURULARINA PAY SENEDİ YATIRIMCILARININ TEPKİSİ: TÜRKİYE’DEKİ BANKALARIN YEŞİL TAHVİL İHRAÇLARINA İLİŞKİN OLAY ÇALIŞMASI

Yeşil tahviller ihraççı şirket ve kurumlar tarafından iklim değişikliği ve çevre ile ilişkili, sürdürülebilir, yeşil projeleri finanse etmek için çıkarılan bir finansal araçtır. Pay piyasalarının, elde edilen fonun sürdürülebilir yatırımlarda kullanılması yönüyle geleneksel tahvillerden ayrışan bu yeni finansman biçimini önemli görüp görmediğinin incelenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma, yeşil tahvil ihracı duyurusuna hisse senedi piyasasının tepkisini incelemektedir. Çalışmada BİST’te işlem gören ve yeşil tahvil ihracı gerçekleştiren bankalar kapsama alınmıştır. Yeşil tahvil ihracının yatırımcılar nezdinde karşılık bulup bulmadığını değerlendirmek amacıyla Olay Çalışması yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. Borsada işlem gören altı banka tarafından gerçekleştirilen dokuz ihracın yalnızca üç tanesi kümülatif anormal getiriye yol açmıştır. Günlük anormal getiriler ise ilgili olaya doğrudan bağlanamayacak kadar düzensiz ve olay gününden uzak bulunmuştur. Yatırımcıların en belirgin tepkiyi Yapı Kredi Bankasının 21.01.2020 tarihindeki ihracına verdiği görülmüştür. Diğer taraftan İş Bankasının 21.08.2019 ve Akbank’ın 22.06.2021 tarihindeki ihraçları da anlamlı pozitif CAR değerleri meydana getirmiştir. Pek çok piyasada ihraçların pozitif piyasa tepkisiyle karşılaşmış olmasının aksine Türkiye’de yeşil tahvil ihraçlarının hissedar değerine belirgin bir katkı sağladığına dair bulgu elde edilememiştir.

The Relationship between the Stock Price and the Energy Index: A Research on the Energy Company with the Highest Brand Value in Turkey

The energy sector is one of the main drivers for the activity of other sectors. In this study, the causality between the BIST energy index values and the stock prices of Enerjisa, the energy company with the highest brand value in Turkey, in the period between January 2011 and June 2022, using the Granger causality test, was examined. Before proceeding to the Granger method, a series of necessary tests were carried out in accordance with the methodology, and appropriate lag lengths were determined. As a result of the study, a bilateral causality relationship was determined between the stock prices of Enerjisa company and the BIST energy index values. In other words, these variables become the Granger cause of each other.

‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ (Subgroup 16SrXII-A) Associated with Nicotiana tabacum Leaf Abnormality in Turkey

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is among the agricultural products with the highest added value in Turkey. Although frequently associated with its negative effects on human health, it also provides important contributions to the Turkish economy with the employment it creates in rural areas and continues to be a strategic product. Many postgraduate theses and studies related to the sociological and economic importance of the production of this plant, which is of great importance for our country, have been carried out. However, there are very limited studies on plant diseases in tobacco production areas in Turkey. Phytoplasma is one of the important plant pathogens that cause yield loss in tobacco. Since available data on phytoplasma diseases on tobacco was very scarce worldwide, field surveys to collect samples showing phytoplasma infection-like symptoms such as yellowish color changes, leaf blisters, proliferation, dwarfism, and other physical abnormalities were carried out in Çanakkale and Balıkesir provinces of Turkey from June to August 2021. The presence of phytoplasmas in six samples was confirmed by 16S ribosomal DNA amplification by nested-PCR using universal phytoplasma primer sets, which also suggested the pathogen associated with the symptoms on tobacco. According to phylogenetic study and virtual-RFLP analysis using AluI and MseI endonuclease enzymes, the six Turkish tobacco phytoplasma strains all belong to group 16SrXII and have more than 99% nucleotide sequence identity with some members of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ of the taxonomic subgroup ‘stolbur’ (16SrXII-A). Genetic distances analysis indicated that group 16SrI was more closely related to 16SrXII than 16SrVI, in agreement with the groups clustering in the phylogenetic tree. Neutrality tests found that 16SrI and 16SrXII groups are experiencing expanding or bottleneck selections, probably due to new mutations in the 16S rRNA gene fragment. Meanwhile, 16SrVI populations are shown to be undergoing balancing selections, indicating that its isolates have evolved for a long time.

Performance Evaluation of Green Furniture Brands in the Marketing 4.0 Period: An Integrated MCDM Approach

This study aims to develop a framework that enables green marketing practices to regulate the performance evaluation criteria (GFBPC) of consumers and green furniture brands in the Marketing 4.0 period and to prioritize green furniture brands. The first stage was the literature review and decision-making group; it included GFBPC and the selection of three green furniture brands with the highest market value in Turkey. We then applied AHP to determine and prioritize benchmark weights, and TOPSIS to rank the performances of selected brands by GFBPC. We performed SA to test the accuracy of the findings. The results revealed that the Co-creation of Value and Pricing criteria have the highest value, and “Brand Y” is the best. Among the evaluation contributions of the study are a new understanding of green furniture performance criteria, and an integrated framework for new application methods for green marketing. With the Marketing 4.0 period, it is among the first of its kind to offer sustainable solutions to evaluate green marketing practices and increase the performance of green furniture brands in this regard. The results can help furniture industry stakeholders understand ways to compete in the green market and sustainable development.

Evaluation of occupational accidents in forestry in terms of incidence, frequency, and severity rates in Turkey

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to analyze the forestry sector and the total work-related occupational accidents in Turkey in terms of incidence rate (IR), frequency rate (FR) and severity rate (SR) between 2008 and 2018 to compare those rates with some other sectors (mining, construction, metal and textile). According to the evaluation results, the IR and FR in the forestry sector are 41.1% and 40.8%, respectively, of all sector values in Turkey, while there is a negligible difference between the SR. The forestry sector, in terms of fatal occupational accidents, for both IR and FR showed a similar tendency across Turkey; non-fatal accident rates had lower values across the country. Moreover, it has been concluded that the forestry sector has generally better values than the metal, mining, and construction sectors and worse than the textile sector. In order to ensure safer performance in occupational accidents in the forestry sector, it is important to establish policies to increase awareness of occupational health and safety, since forest workers are exposed to different climate, topography, and vegetation types in terms of working conditions. In future studies, long-term evaluation of the data sets will increase the accuracy of occupational accidents evaluation models.

TUNTUTAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP KELUARNYA TURKI DARI KONVENSI ISTANBUL

On March 20, 2021, Turkey withdrew from the Istanbul Convention, a human rights treaty against violence against women and domestic violence. The decision was inseparable from the demands of the Turkish people in the public sphere, who intensively lobbied the Turkish government to reject and withdraw from the Istanbul Convention. This article aims to analyze the influence of Turkish public demands on Turkey's decision to leave the Istanbul Convention using Habermas' public sphere theory. The author first describes Turkey's anti-gender discourse and movement. This anti-gender movement is backed by a pro-Islamic and traditional pro-gender ruling government. President Erdogan even expressed his disapproval of the feminist movement and the concept of gender equality. In addition, the author also describes the political background in Turkey's exit from the Istanbul Convention. The writing method uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a literature review technique. The result of this research is that the Turkish people use the public sphere to form and disseminate public opinion in the form of demands to reject and withdraw from the Istanbul Convention. The intense lobbying efforts of the Turkish people in the public sphere show that they can influence and mobilize the state to protect family values ​​in Turkey, thus prompting the Turkish government to decide to leave the Istanbul Convention.

Precipitation trends in Turkey (1969–2018): A spatiotemporal analysis

Global climate change can have significant impacts on different geographical regions. It is very important to analyze the changes in temporal and spatial precipitation patterns. In this study, the monthly and yearly precipitation values in Turkey were examined by combining the nonparametric Mann-Kendall rank correlation test and Getis-Ord G spatial clustering test. The study was carried out by integrating and compiling the data in different formats related to the years 1969–2018 for 233 stations in Turkey. It was observed that the annual total precipitation amounts had decreased significantly in many stations during the studied period. Though most of the stations show a decreasing trend in annual precipitation, only the inner and southern part of the country has significant decreasing trends. The trend analysis on monthly precipitation data reveals that there are significant (confidence level ≥ 95%) decreasing trends in most of the regions of Turkey.

Estimates of hydroelectric energy generation in Turkey with Jaya algorithm-optimized artificial neural networks

The main purpose of this study was to establish an artificial neural network (ANN) model trained by a Jaya algorithm, and use the model to predict Turkey’s future hydroelectric energy generation (HEG). Population, gross domestic product (GDP), installed capacity, energy consumption, gross electricity energy demand (GEED), and average yearly temperature (AYT) data were inputted as independent variables in the model. ANN-Jaya was compared with ANN models trained by the other two high performance optimization methods, namely back-propagation (BP) and artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithms, to test its accuracy. The ANN-Jaya model converged to smaller error values than were obtained with the ANN-BP and ANN-ABC models for both the training and test datasets. When the average relative error (RE) values calculated for the test set are taken into account, ANN-Jaya performs 19.3% better than ANN-ABC and 31.2% better than ANN-BP. Therefore, Turkey’s HEG projections were made out to the year 2030 using an ANN-Jaya model in a low and a high energy demand scenario. According to the developed projections, HEG values in Turkey in 2030 will be in the range of 104.81–124.66 TWh. The present results affirm that HEG can be modeled accurately with an ANN-Jaya technique and this method was shown to be advantageous for predicting future HEG.

The idiosyncratic characteristics of Turkish REITs: evidence from financial ratios

PurposeThis paper aims to determine the specific financial ratio's effects on market value and return of assets for Turkish real estate investment trusts (REITs) traded at Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE). The paper intends to define liquidity ratios, financial structure ratios, return ratios and stock performance ratios related to market value and return of asset.Design/methodology/approachThe study includes 17 REITs traded in ISE. The period of study is specified as the year from 2009 to 2018. Panel data analysis is applied in this study. Dependent variables are current market value and return of assets, independent variables are 12 financial ratios, which are considered to explain the model significantly. These ratios will be calculated from audited year-end balance sheets for specific periods throughout at least ten years as time series. Two different models and hypotheses have been established to identify the financial ratios that affect the market value and return of assets for REITs.FindingsAccording to the results, long-term financial loans/total assets, return of equity and working capital ratio are negatively correlated with market value, while market value/book value and total assets are correlated positively. On the other hand, market value/book value ratio, price/earning ratio, long-term financial loans/total assets and earnings per share are correlated with return of assets. REITs have high levels of financial leverage, especially in foreign currency. The striking point is that REITs hardly ever do not use financial derivatives to hedge their position again currency and interest rate risk. This approach makes the financial structures of REITs vulnerable and fragile against market volatility.Originality/valueIn Turkey, as an example of an emerging market, financial borrowing does not increase the return rates and market value for REITs due to market's idiosyncratic properties. This finding provides substantial insight into how the debt and equity allocation of Turkish REITs should be structured. Also, it has been observed that forward-looking expectations are considered more than the current situation in the market.

Kamu değeri: tanımı ve ölçülmesi üzerine bir inceleme

Kamu değeri, geleneksel kamu yönetimi ve yeni kamu işletmeciliği yaklaşımlarına getirilen eleştiri noktalarında, alternatif çözümler üretmek amacıyla ortaya konulmuş bir yaklaşımdır. Geleneksel kamu yönetiminin bürokratik, merkeziyetçi ve hantal yapısı; yeni kamu işletmeciliğinin vatandaşı müşteri olarak görmesi ve ekonomik verimliliğe yaptığı aşırı vurgu, özellikle kamusal alan, kamu yararı ve kamu hizmeti alanları çerçevesinde ortaya çıkan yeni ihtiyaçlara cevap verememektedir. Kamu değeri yaklaşımı kamu yönetimleri, politikacılar, vatandaşlar ve diğer paydaşlardan oluşan bir ağ içerisinde bu üç temel alana ilişkin yeni bir rol dağılımı ve yönetim anlayışı ortaya koymaktadır. Kamu değeri kamu hizmetinin bir sonucudur ve kamu yararı için kamusal alan içerisinde yer alan tüm paydaşların katılımı ile üretilir. İlk ortaya atıldığı günden itibaren kamu yönetimi alanında genel kabul görmesine rağmen, kavrama ilişkin tartışmalar devam etmektedir. Bu tartışmalar özellikle kamu değerinin tanımlanması ve ölçülmesi noktalarında yoğunlaşmaktadır. Literatürde üzerinde uzlaşılmış bir tanım ve ölçüm yöntemi bulunmamaktadır. Bu nedenle kamu değeri alanı parçalı bir yapı sergilemektedir. Bu çalışmada, kamu değeri alanında yapılan başlıca tanımlar ve ölçüm yaklaşımları ortaya konularak; hem bu boyutlara ilişkin bir netlik kazandırılması, hem de ülkemizde gelecekte yapılacak çalışmalara yol gösterilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

EVOLUTION FROM THE CONCEPT “ZERO PROBLEMS WITH NEIGHBORS” TO THE PRACTICE “ZERO NEIGHBORS WITHOUT PROBLEMS”: THE ROLE OF NEO-OTTOMANISM

The peculiarities of Turkey’s foreign policy in the Middle East in 2002-2020 are studied. Turkey’s intentions to establish itself as an influential Eurasian state, which claims leadership in the Middle East, as well as in the Balkans, the Caucasus and Central Asia, were noted. The authors indicate the concept and foreign policy doctrine of “Zero Problems with Neighbors” as the ideological basis for Turkey’s transition from a peripheral to a central role in international politics. It is emphasized that the doctrine of “Zero problems with neighbors” has become a revision of traditional Kemalist values in Turkey’s foreign policy. The authors of the article evaluate the practical implementation of the doctrine as an unsuccessful attempt to become a regional leader in the Middle East. It was emphasized that at the beginning of the implementation of the concept of “Zero problems with neighbors” the only goal of the Turkish government was really to establish good neighborly relations, but after the beginning of the “Arab Spring” foreign policy strategy was revised. It was noted that in the last decade the Turkish government has reoriented to a more pragmatic foreign policy direction; it is determined by the main purpose of protecting its national interests; the result was partial Turkey isolation. The article expresses author’s vision that Turkey in its foreign policy has obviously moved from the concept of “Zero problems with neighbors” to the practice of “zero friends”. It is proved that: 1) Turkey’s relations with the Middle East (except Qatar) are quite tense; 2) although there is a partnership with many countries in the Middle East, it is often based on pragmatic mutual interest of countries, and cooperation often does not go beyond trade and economic relations.

The effect of irrigation and harvest time on bioactive properties of olive fruits issued from some olive varieties grown in Mediterranean region

In this study, the effect of irrigation, variety (Ayvalik, Copasi, Gemlik and Yaglik) and harvest time from August to December in both 2017 and 2018 on total phenolic content, DPPH and ABTS free-radical scavenging activities and phenolic compounds by HPLC of olive fruit was investigated. Limited study on the combined effects of the irrigation and harvest time in olive varieties with commercial value in Turkey was conducted. The current study is important for detecting the differences in bioactive properties of irrigated and rain-fed olives based on harvest time. The highest total phenolic content (8457.80 mg/kg) and antioxidant activity values (8.63 mmol TE/100 g) were obtained in the Yaglik olive, followed by the Copasi variety. The verbascoside (1088.40–2634.20 mg/kg) was found as the major phenolic compound in all olive varieties for this location. In both harvest years, hydroxytyrosol (307.30–1449.10 mg/kg) and oleuropein (577.40–1404.80 mg/kg) contents of the Yaglik variety were higher than other varieties. Total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of olives (especially Ayvalik and Gemlik varieties) decreased by irrigation. According to the results, Yaglik olive was the most outstanding one in terms of bioactive components. Irrigation time and amount should be determined separately for each variety. Additionally, irrigation would not be recommended for Ayvalik and Gemlik varieties in this location because it caused a significant decrease in the bioactive properties.