Value Of Experimental Group Research Articles

Study on simulation effect of physical and chemical characteristics of sausage by sausage model system.

The incorporation of Staphylococcus xylosus in sausage production is hypothesized to affect various physicochemical properties and flavor profiles of sausages. This study aimed to evaluate the simulation of these features in a sausage model and establish its applicability for in vitro studies. Both a control and an experimental model, inclusive of Staphylococcus xylosus, were assessed for changes in physicochemical indexes (pH and water activity, Aw) and the concentration of flavoring components (esters and aldehydes). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values were also measured to evaluate lipid oxidation. The introduction of Staphylococcus xylosus resulted in no significant changes in pH and Aw between the sausage and the model. However, there was a considerable increase in the content of volatile flavor compounds, specifically esters and aldehydes, in the experimental groups compared to the control. Additionally, the TBARS values in experimental groups were significantly lower than those in the control group at the end of the testing period. The findings indicate that Staphylococcus xylosus plays a critical role in enhancing the flavor profile of sausages through the increased synthesis of volatile compounds and inhibiting fat oxidation. The sausage model effectively simulated the physicochemical and flavor index responses, demonstrating its potential utility for further in vitro research on sausage fermentation and preservation techniques.

Development of polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography imaging platform and metrics to quantify electrostimulation-induced peripheral nerve injury in vivo in a small animal model.

Neuromodulation devices are rapidly evolving for the treatment of neurological diseases and conditions. Injury from implantation or long-term use without obvious functional losses is often only detectable through terminal histology. New technologies are needed that assess the peripheral nervous system (PNS) under normal and diseased or injured conditions. We aim to demonstrate an imaging and stimulation platform that can elucidate the biological mechanisms and impacts of neurostimulation in the PNS and apply it to the sciatic nerve to extract imaging metrics indicating electrical overstimulation. A sciatic nerve injury model in a 15-rat cohort was observed using a newly developed imaging and stimulation platform that can detect electrical overstimulation effects with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. The sciatic nerve was electrically stimulated using a custom-developed nerve holder with embedded electrodes for 1h, followed by a 1-h recovery period, delivered at above-threshold Shannon model -values in experimental groups: sham control (SC, , ), stimulation level 1 (SL1, , , and ), and stimulation level 2 (SL2, , , and ). The stimulation and imaging system successfully captured study data across the cohort. When compared to a SC after a 1-week recovery, the fascicle closest to the stimulation lead showed an average change of (SL1/SL2) in phase retardation and in optical attenuation relative to SC. Analysis of immunohistochemistry (IHC) shows a difference in myelin pixel counts and difference in axon pixel counts, and an overall increase in cell nuclei pixel count of . These metrics were consistent with IHC and hematoxylin/eosin tissue section analysis. The poststimulation changes observed in our study are manifestations of nerve injury and repair, specifically degeneration and angiogenesis. Optical imaging metrics quantify these processes and may help evaluate the safety and efficacy of neuromodulation devices.

Evaluating the Cytotoxic Effect of Melatonin and Oxyresveratrol on Dental Pulp Stem Cells.

Hypoxia in the pulpitis process, the use of bleaching agents, and resin-containing materials produce reactive oxygen species. Their damage to the pulp tissue can be eliminated by melatonin and oxyresveratrol. However, the cytotoxic effects of these antioxidants on dental pulp stem cells are not well known. The aim of this study was to observe the cytotoxic effects of melatonin and oxyresveratrol for 72 hours on dental pulp stem cells. Human dental pulp stem cells obtained from the American Type Culture Collection were seeded on E-Plates®, and after 24 hours, 3 different doses of melatonin (100 pM, 100 nM, and 100 μM) and oxyresveratrol (10 μM, 25 μM, and 50 μM) were added. Real-time cell index data was acquired by using xCELLigence® device for 72 hours and inhibitor concentration (IC50) values of experimental groups were obtained. Analysis of covariance was used to compare the cell index values. In comparison with the control group; oxyresveratrol 10 μM and melatonin 100 pM groups increased proliferation whereas oxyresveratrol 25 μM, oxyresveratrol 50 μM, and melatonin 100 μM groups induced cytotoxicity (P < .05). IC50 values at 24th, 48th, and 72th hours were 946 nM, 1220 nM, and 1243 nM for melatonin and 23 μM, 22.2 μM, and 22.5 μM for oxyresveratrol, respectively. Cytotoxicity of melatonin was higher than oxyresveratrol and they both increased dental pulp stem cells' proliferation at lower doses and induced cytotoxicity at higher doses.

Histological, immunohistochemical and radiographic evaluation of Amitriptyline administration on the periodontium of albino rats (An experimental study)

BackgroundAmitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant drug accustomed to treat depressive disorders. It recorded many side effects on different tissues. ObjectiveTo investigate reaction of Albino rats’ periodontium after oral administration of Amitriptyline histologically and radiographically. MethodsFourteen adult male albino rats (150–200 g) were divided into two groups, control and experimental. Rats of experimental group received 10 mg⁄kg⁄day of Amitriptyline hydrochloride by oral gavage for four weeks. Mandibles were prepared for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and anti-osteopontin (Anti-OPN) immunohistochemistry staining. Bone mineral density was measured in mandibular alveolar bone. Statistical analysis for Anti-OPN and relative Hounsfield unit value (HU value) was performed using independent-samples t-test. ResultsGingiva of experimental group showed epithelial degeneration with pyknotic nuclei and disintegration in lamina propria. Areas of separation in alveolar bone and degeneration of some regions in cementum were seen with apparent increase in periodontal ligament (PDL) thickness and its detachment from bone and cementum at some regions. Immunohistochemical examination of experimental group showed apparently increased immunopositivity in gingiva, cementocytes, osteocytes, cementum, bone matrices, fibroblasts and PDL fibers when compared to control group. Statistical analysis revealed insignificant difference of Anti-OPN area% in gingiva between both studied groups. While there was statistical significant increase of Anti-OPN area% in the other periodontium tissues and high statistical significant decrease of relative HU value in experimental group when compared to control. ConclusionsAmitriptyline has destructive effect on periodontal tissues and statistically increases the expression of Anti-OPN in all periodontal tissues except gingiva and decreases bone mineral density.

A study to assess the efficacy of phototherapy with low cost white curtains versus routine phototherapy among newborns admitted with neonatal jaundice in NICU of GGSMC &amp;amp; H, Faridkot, Punjab

Aim of the study: The study was intended to assess the efficacy of phototherapy with low cost white curtains versus routine phototherapy on reducing serum bilirubin level in newborns.Material and Methods: A quantitative research approach and experimental research design was used to conduct the present study. The total 70 patients (above 32 weeks of gestational age) were selected who were admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit on the basis of Inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly allocated into experimental and conventional group through computerized block design method. Socio-demography data sheet was used to collect baseline information and Lab investigation was used to collect the data. Results: The present study results revealed that pre intervention mean± SD of total serum bilirubin level in phototherapy with low cost white curtain (experimental group) was 15.457±1.145 and was 15.263±1.602 in routine photo therapy (conventional group) respectively. Post intervention mean± SD of total serum bilirubin level in photo therapy with low cost white curtain (experimental group) was 10.351±1.55 and was 11.389±1.39 in routine phototherapy (conventional group) respectively. Paired t test and individual t test was applied for statistical analysis. Results reveals that t value in experimental group was 14.759 at df 34 with p value 0.001 and 22.435 at DF 34 with p value 0.001 in experimental and conventional group which is found to be significant at p=0.005. It proved that there is significant difference in baseline mean of reduction in total serum bilirubin level in neonates who were on phototherapy with low cost white curtains.Conclusions: On the basis of the findings of the study, it was concluded that Phototherapy with low cost white curtains is more effective in reducing the total serum bilirubin level in neonates having jaundice than routine phototherapy.

Micro-Vibration Environment Promotes Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) Healing of Fracture Ends and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) Expression

When the muscle is stimulated by micro-vibration environment, it will produce a mechanical effect on skeletal muscle, thereby promoting growth of skeletal muscle cells. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), as mechanically sensitive cells, have ability to multipolarize and multiple tropisms. This experiment explores the effect of BMSC cells on fracture end healing in fracture rats in a micro-vibration environment, and further explores whether it promotes the healing of fracture end to provide biological treatment ideas for the clinical repair of fracture patients. After modeling, SD rats were assigned into blank group, control group, and experimental group (treated with BMSCs) followed by analysis of bone volume fraction and bone trabecular thickness and number by Micro-CT, callus growth by H&amp;E staining, and expression of p38 and MMP-9 by immunohistochemical staining. The BV/TV value of experimental group was (0.41±0.06), Tb.Th value (0.08±0.01), Tb.N value (3.96±0.48) and was higher than other two groups (P &lt; 0.05). The growth of capillaries, trabecular bone, fibrous callus and cartilaginous callus in experimental group showed increased growth and the calcification was observed at the edge of cartilage callus. In addition, experimental group showed increased distribution area of MMP-9 and elevated expression of MMP-9 and p38MAPK. In conclusion, the micro-vibration environment can effectively promote the chemotaxis of BMSC cells to the fracture site to activate ossification, thereby promoting the proliferation and ossification and differentiation of BMSC, and further promoting the repair of fracture ends.

ACUTE EFFECT OF KINESIOLOGY MEDIAL TAPING OF PATELLA PATIENT OF CHRONIC OSTEOARTHRITIS KNEE WITH PATELLOFEMORAL INVOLVEMENT

Osteoarthritis is a worldwide most common problem in middle age people, Osteoarthritis is from time to time denoted to as deteriorating or wear and tear arthritis. Osteoarthritis might be result from injury to the knee previous in life. Fractures relating the joints surface, insecurity from ligament tears, and meniscal injuries can all reason irregular wear and tear of the knee joint. Patients and methods Method: - 30 patients attending a hospital who fullled entry criteria were recruited for the study. Pre diagnosed Patients referred by orthopedic surgeons of SAIMS hospital Indore and those who full entry criteria were considered for the study. The both Male and Female was taken in the study with age group of 55-65 years and who had knee symptoms since 1-3 years and dived into 2 groups experimental and control group. It is an experimental study of pretest and post-test. To nd out the Acute effect of kinesiology medial taping over patella in decreasing pain as measured by VAS and Patellofemoral Joint Evaluation Scale in chronic primary osteoarthritis of knee with patellofemoral involvement. Result: - There were no statistically signicant differences between the three groups in terms Percentage increase in patellofemoral joint functional scale rating from initial value in experimental group is 20.4% and control group is 10.06%. Percentage reduction of VAS score from initial value is experimental group is 20% and control is 4.6%. When comparing the percentage difference in reduction of VAS between experimental and control group, there is better reduction of pain in experimental group at the end of treatment. Conclusion: The study revised a signicant and reliable nding on the use of kinesiology medial tape in the treatment of pain in patellofemoral arthritis primary to a decreasing pain symptom and in improving functional activity.

Consumption of &lt;I&gt;Allium sativum&lt;/i&gt; (Functional Food) and Lipid Profile of Postmenopausal Women with Dyslipidemia: A Correlational Study

CVD is the leading cause of death in women around the world. Estrogen deficiency has been linked to the rapid increase in CVD in women who have undergone natural or surgical menopause. Garlic (Allium sativum) has played an important dietary as well as medicinal role in human history. The study was conducted to assess correlation of garlic consumption on lipid level among postmenopausal women with dyslipidemia. In this clinical trial 180 respondents willing to participate in intervention program, who met inclusion criteria, were divided into three groups, control (n=60), Exp-I (garlic eaters n=60) and Exp-II (non-garlic eaters n=60). Dry garlic powder was prepared using standard procedure and analyzed for its active phytonutrients. A 500 mg of dry garlic powder capsules two per day were given to the respondents for 12 weeks. Biochemical analysis for cholesterol levels were measured in the standard laboratory before and after the study. Questionnaire-cum- interview method was used to obtain relevant information. Pearson correlation and one-way analysis of variance tests were conducted to analyze the data. Mean age of the respondents was found to be (53.6 ± 0.89) years. Pretest cholesterol levels in control (211.2 ± 6.24), Exp-I (212.2 ± 6.41) and Exp-II (212.4 ± 6.74) was observed. The results indicate that all the groups exhibit negative correlation with total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides but the values of control group are non-significant and the relationship is weak, whereas values of experimental groups (Exp-I and Exp-II) shows strong negative correlation which is significant at 1 % level. Strong positive correlation observed with HDL among experimental groups and weak positive non-significant correlation was seen with control group. It can be concluded that functional property of garlic has positive correlation in managing dyslipidemia among postmenopausal women. Significant improvement in the lipid level was observed with garlic intervention.

A study to evaluate the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on knowledge regarding intra uterine balloon tamponade in management of pph among staff nurses working in selected hospitals of Mysuru city

A Quasi experimental study to evaluate the effectiveness of Video assisted teaching programme on knowledge regarding use of Intra Uterine Balloon Tamponade in the management of PPH among staff nurses in selected hospitals of Mysuru. The sample consisting of 60 Staff Nurses in selected hospitals by using non-probability convenient sampling method. The tool comprised of structured self-administered questionnaire. The mean of pre test knowledge score in experimental group was 8.966 with standard deviation of 4.205. While in control group, mean was 8.533 with standard deviation of 3.471. The post test knowledge score from both experimental and control group showed that the obtained post test mean value in experimental group (18.03) was higher than post test mean value in control group (8.93). The mean difference value of experimental group (9.07) is greater than control group (0.4), and the obtained ‘t’ test value (9.977) is found to be more than ‘t’ table value (2.00). Since, the obtained ‘t’ value is highly significant at p&amp;#60;0.05 level. Therefore, null hypothesis (H) is rejected. This shows that there is a significant improvement in the knowledge level of staff nurses in experimental group compared to control group. This indicates that administration of video assisted teaching programme was effective in improving the knowledge of staff nurses regarding use of intrauterine balloon tamponade in the management of PPH. The findings established that there was no association between knowledge of samples on use of intrauterine balloon tamponade in the management of PPH and selected demo graphical variables in both experimental and control group. Hence, the research hypothesis Hwas rejected and the present study revealed that VAT on knowledge regarding use of intrauterine balloon tamponade in the management of PPH was effective among staff nurses.

A Study to assess the effectiveness of Lamaze Breathing Technique on reduction of labour pain among primigravida mothers at Primary Health Centres, Coimbatore

Statement of the Problem: A study to assess the effectiveness of Lamaze breathing technique on reduction of labour pain among primigravida mothers at primary health centres kovilpalayam Coimbatore. Study Objectives: (a) To assess the pain among primigravida mothers. (b) To assess the effectiveness of Lamaze breathing technique among primigravida mothers. (c) To reassess the pain among primigravida mothers. (d) To associate the effectiveness of Lamaze breathing technique with selected demographic and obstetrical variables among primigravida mothers. Methodology: one group pretest post test design was adopted. The samples for this study consist of 30 samples selected by non probability convenient sampling technique. A numerical pain intensity scale was used to assess the pain level among primigravida others in first stage of labour. Results: The pretest mean score of pain level among primigravida mothers was 7. The post test mean score of pain level among primigravida mothers was 3.1 the paired‘t’ value of experimental group was 12.806. Conclusion: The study shows that the pain during first stage of labour was reduced after performing Lamaze breathing technique.

The long-term outcomes of posterior nasal neurectomy with or without pharyngeal neurectomy in patients with allergic rhinitis: a randomized controlled trial

IntroductionAllergic rhinitis is a form of IgE mediated inflammation of the nasal mucosa in response to specific allergens, resulting in typical symptoms. ObjectivesThis study was designed with the primary goal of comparing the clinical efficacy of posterior nasal neurectomy with or without pharyngeal neurectomy for the treatment of moderate-to-severe perennial allergic rhinitis. Secondary study aims included a comparison of the severity of comorbidities, including chronic cough and asthma, between patients in these two surgical treatment groups. MethodsA total of 52 patients were enrolled in this randomized controlled trial and were assigned to either the control group (posterior nasal neurectomy) or the experimental group (posterior nasal neurectomy + pharyngeal neurectomy). The visual analog scale and rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire were used to compare the differences in patient symptoms between baseline and 6-, 12-, and 24-months post-treatment. In addition, patient cough and asthma symptoms were monitored during follow-up via visual analog scale and asthma control test respectively. ResultsNo significant differences in preoperative scores were evident between groups (p > 0.05). At 6-months post-treatment, there were significant differences in visual analog scale, rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire, and asthma control test scores relative to baseline values in experimental group and control group patients (p < 0.05), and this remained true upon 12- and 24-month follow-up. No significant differences in visual analog scale, rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire, or asthma control test scores were observed between the two treatment groups at any postoperative follow-up time point (p > 0.05), while coughing severity was found to be significantly reduced in the experimental group relative to the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusionposterior nasal neurectomy can be safely implemented with or without pharyngeal neurectomy in order to effectively treat allergic rhinitis. Combined posterior nasal neurectomy and pharyngeal neurectomy treatment may offer greater value than posterior nasal neurectomy alone for the treatment of allergic rhinitis patients with chronic cough.

Resveratrol attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in TM3 Leydig cells in vitro

The objective of present study was to investigate in vitro protective potential of resveratrol in TM3 Leydig cells with induced oxidative stress using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Leydig cells experiencing oxidative stress exhibit reduced activities in androgens production, and become hypofunctional with age, which is also related to growing oxidative stress, while resveratrol has received growing attention as a cytoprotective agent. TM3 mouse Leydig cells were cultivated during 24 h in the presence of resveratrol (5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 μM) alone, or in combination with H2O2 (300/600 μM) to induce oxidative stress. Mitochondrial activity was evaluated using MTT test, triple assay was used in order to assess cell viability parameters, intracellular generation of superoxide was determined by the nitroblue-tetrazolium assay, and quantification of steroid hormones was performed by the enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay. Resveratrol alone treatment led to the most significantly improved values of all tested parameters in the cells of experimental group with addition of 10 μM of resveratrol in comparison to the control group. In the case of cells with induced oxidative stress (300 μM H2O2) resveratrol administration resulted in significantly increased (P < 0.05) metabolic activity, as well as cell membrane integrity at concentration 10 μM. Significantly improved (P < 0.001) lysosomal activity showed cells treated with 5 and 10 μM of resveratrol, and the level of both measured hormones was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in cells supplemented with 10 μM of resveratrol. Significant decline of superoxide radical production was observed in all experimental groups in comparison to the control exposed to H2O2 alone. With respect to cells exposed to higher concentration of H2O2 (600 μM), results showed positive effect of resveratrol only in biosynthesis of both androgens with significant increased values in experimental group treated with 5 μM (P < 0.05) and 10 μM (P < 0.01) of resveratrol, in addition, in the case of testosterone we recorded significant higher (P < 0.05) values in cells with addition of 25 and 50 μM resveratrol when compared to H2O2 control. More specific and systematic research focused especially on androgen biosynthesis is necessary related to the biological activity of resveratrol in male reproductive system due to inconsistent results of studies.

Effect of roxithromycin combined with N-acetylcysteine in treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients complicating with pulmonary interstitial fibrosis

Objective To explore effect of roxithromycin combined with N-acetylcysteine in treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients complicating with pulmonary interstitial fibrosis(COPD-PIF)and its influence on pulmonary function. Methods A total of 96 COPD-PIF patients with treatment were enrolled, and were divided into two groups according to random number table method, with 48 cases in each group. The control group was treated with roxithromycin, while experimental group was additionally treated with N-acetylcysteine on basis of control group. All of them were continuously treated for 3 months. The efficacy rate of treatment, changes of lung function indexes and serum inflammatory indexes before and after treatment, occurrence of adverse reactions and quality of life scores were compared between the two groups. Results Out of the 96 patients, there were 92 cases accomplished the experiment, including 47 cases in experimental group and 45 cases in control group. There was no significant difference in efficacy rate of treatment between experimental group and control group(93.62% vs. 84.44%, P>0.05). After treatment, ratios of vital capacity(VC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second(FEV1), and carbon monoxide diffusion capacity(DISO)to predicted value in experimental group were significantly higher than those in control group - (P 0.05). Conclusion Roxithromycin combined with N-acetylcysteine has significant efficacy in treating COPD-PIF patients, which can effectively improve lung function indexes and serum inflammatory factors, and has no increase in adverse reactions.

Evaluation of metabolites levels in feces of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which include ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), are chronic intestinal inflammatory disorders with an unknown etiology. They are characterized by chronic recurrent inflammation of the intestinal mucosa and lead to a significant decrease in the quality of life and death of patients. IBD are associated with suppression of normal intestinal microflora, including a decrease in bacteria, producers of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), exhibiting anti-inflammatory and protective properties. Among the various methods of intestinal microflora correction, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), which engrafts the fecal microbiota from a healthy donor into a patient recipient, is of a particular interest. As a result, a positive therapeutic effect is observed, accompanied by the restoration of the normal intestinal microflora of the patient. A significant drawback of the method is the lack of standardization. Metabolites produced by intestinal microflora, namely SCFAs, allow objective assessment of the functional state of the intestinal microbiota and, consequently, the success of the FMT procedure. Using gas chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques, we have analyzed concentrations and molar ratios of SCFAs in fecal samples of 60 healthy donors. Results were in good accord when comparing two methods as well as with published data. Analysis of SCFAs in feces of patients with UC (19 patients) and CD (17 patients) revealed a general decrease in the concentration of fatty acids in the experimental groups with significant fluctuations in the values in experimental groups compared to control group of healthy donors. On the limited group of IBD patients (6 patients with UC and 5 patients with CD) concentration of SCFAs before and within 30 days of observation after FMT was determined. It was shown that FMT had a significant impact on the SCFAs levels within 1 month term; tendency to reach characteristics of healthy donors is unambiguously traced for both diseases.

The effectiveness of attention improving multimedia package on selective attention of children with ADHD

Background: The aim of present study is to improve the selective attention of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), using a computer application.&#x0D; Materials and methods: The investigator developed a computer assisted program (Attention Improving Multimedia Package) to improve the selective attention of children with ADHD. The training package consists of performance based and timed activities aimed to improve the accuracy, concentration and speed of work of children with ADHD. After developing the tool, the investigator approached the school authorities. The purpose and need of the study were explained to the Principals and teachers. The samples were selected by assessing the students using ADHDSRS. The school rater option was used. The investigator selected 20 students who had been screened as “at risk” and “high risk’’ of ADHD in school rater option as explained in the ADHD- SRS manual. The investigator selected 20 students who are “at risk” and “high risk” of ADHD from both sexes. The subjects were the 5th, 6th and 7th grade students aged 10, 11 and 12 selected from Govt. H S S, Puthoor. Then the samples were randomly assigned to experimental and control group. Each group consisted of 10 subjects. Both the experimental and control group were assessed to understand their baseline performance. The d2 test of attention was administered to both groups. Before administering the test, the procedure and purpose were explained. Socio- demographic details were noted in the space given. After completing the d2 test of attention, filled recording blanks were collected and checked whether it is completed or not. Then the AIMP were given to the experimental group in a separate classroom individually. Before administering the AIMP, a rapport was created with subject. The procedures and importance of AIMP was explained to the subjects. The subjects were allowed to sit comfortably in front of the computer and the room was free from any disturbances.&#x0D; After the successful completion of the intervention, a post- test was conducted for both experimental and control group. To find out the sustainability of attention after the intervention, the investigator conducted a delayed post-test after one week of post-test. There were 5 sessions. In the first session the subjects were asked to complete LEVEL 1 activity. In the second session, the subject was informed to complete the LEVEL 1 at first and then the LEVEL 2 activities. The third, fourth and fifth sessions were administered by starting from the LEVEL 1. By repeating the activities, the subject could easily complete the previous level of activities faster than earlier. The time taken to complete was recorded on each session, so the administer can observe the improvement of subject.&#x0D; Results: The mean rank and Wilcoxon Z value of pre-test and post- test scores on accuracy of performance of experimental group are 3.00 and 2.121 respectively. The Z value of experimental group is significant at 0.05 level.&#x0D; Conclusion: Hence, the null hypothesis, “there is no significant difference in the accuracy of performance of experimental group before and after intervention” is rejected and is concluded that there is a significant improvement in accuracy after intervention.

Effect of computerised targeted visual biofeedback exercises on balance in stroke patients

Stroke is an acute onset of neurological dysfunction due to an abnormality in cerebral circulation with resultant signs and symptoms that corresponds to involvements of the focal areas of brain. Stroke results into decreased proprioceptive sense and muscle strength which leads to impaired balance. Hence in this study, two visual biofeedback exercises were selected to find out the effect on balance in stroke patients. 26 subjects fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected and divided into control (n=13) and experimental (n=13) groups. Pre intervention step test was measured. The exercise regime protocol was same for both the groups except the control group underwent visual biofeedback exercises in parallel bars in front of the mirror and the Experimental group underwent computerised targeted visual biofeedback exercises for 5 sessions/week for 4 weeks. Step test was reassessed at the end of 4 th week. Data analysis was done by using paired and unpaired t-test where p value was <0.005. The results of the present study showed that there was no significant difference in the post step test values of experimental group when compared to the control group. Both the groups showed improvement in the post intervention step test scores. So, it can be concluded that both the visual biofeedback exercises were equally effective to improve the balance in stroke patients. Keywords: Stroke, Balance, Step test, Biofeedback, Computerized Targeted exercises.

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Self Instructional Module on Knowledge Regarding Evidence Based Nursing Practice among Staff Nurses Working in Selected Hospitals at Mysore

Background of the study: The nurse’s needs to gain knowledge and skills in collecting and integrating evidences in to practice. Aim: The main objectives of the study were to improve the knowledge and skills in collecting and integrating evidences in to practice. Method: The research approach adopted for the study was evaluative and the research design was quasi experimental. Out of eighty staff nurses forty were selected from K.R. Hospital as experimental group and forty were selected from Cheluvamba and PKTB Hospital for control group. Pre-test was conducted to know the knowledge regarding evidence based nursing practice among experimental and control group and the self-instructional module was administered to staff nurses in the experimental group and the post-test was done after the gap of two weeks for the both group. Results: The post-test mean value of experimental group was 11.3 (56.50%) was higher than pre-test mean value 5.97 (29.85%). The mean difference value is (5.33) and the obtained ‘t’ test value is 15.0. The obtained ‘t’ value is highly significant at p < 0.05 level. The post-test mean value of control group was 5.97 (29.85%) was higher than pre-test mean value 5.95 (29.75%). The mean difference value is 0.02 and the obtained ‘t’ test value is 0.61 which is not significant at p < 0.05 level therefore null hypotheses is accepted. The obtained post-test mean value in experimental group (11.3) was higher than post-test mean value in control group (5.97). The mean difference value is (5.33) and the obtained ‘t’ test value is 9.07 which is not significant at p < 0.05 level therefore null hypotheses is rejected. Interpretation and conclusions: The self-instructional module was very effective in improving the knowledge regarding evidence based nursing practice.

The Effects of Summer Sports School Basketball Training on Respiratory Functions of Female Students

A total of 60 female students voluntarily participated in this study in which the exercise-dependent changes in the respiratory functions of female students in the age group of 12-16 who participate in basketball training sessions of summer sports school are analysed. 30 female students participated in summer sports school basketball training group constituted the experimental group and 30 female students in the same age group who did not participate in basketball training formed the control group. The experimental group was applied an interval training program specific to basketball 5 days a week in 12 weeks. The control group was not applied any training program at all. Some physical measurements (age, height, weight) and spirometry measurements (FVC, FVC%, FEV1, FEV1%, FEV1/FVC%, PEF, PEF%, FEF25/75, FEF25/75%) were recorded as preliminary and post-tests in the research. Paired Simple t-test and Wilcoxon were used in intra-group analyses of data obtained and Mann-Whitney U test was used for the intergroup comparisons. While significant difference can be established in the height, FVC, FVC%, FEV1, FEV1% and FEV1/FVC% values of experimental group and height values of the control group compared to the time before the training; height, weight, FVC, FVC%, FEV1, PEF, FEF25/75 and FEV1/FVC% values of the experimental group have significantly differed from the control group. In conclusion, it can be stated that interval training programs specific to basketball and applied to the female students in summer sports school have positive effects on the respiratory functions and they can contribute to both physical and lung development of individuals.

How Does Health Education Given to Lung Cancer Patients Before Thoracotomy Affect Pain, Anxiety, and Respiratory Functions?

In this study, it was aimed to determine how the postoperative pain level, state-trait anxiety level, and respiratory function were affected by the health education given through a patient education booklet to patients with lung cancer, in comparison with control group, before pulmonary resection through thoracotomy. The 60 patients (n = 60) having pulmonary resection indication because of lung cancer were recruited in the present study. The patients were separated as control (n = 30) and experimental groups (n = 30). The patient education was applied to patients in the experimental groups via the education booklet 24h before the surgery. Patients in the control groups received only usual clinical nursing information. The pain was evaluated via visual analog scale (VAS). The State-Trait Anxiety Scale (STAS) was used for evaluating the anxiety level. The evaluated pulmonary functions were peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1), and forced expiratory flow 25-75 (FEF25-75). The pain level of the experimental group was statistically lower than control group (p < 0.05). The state anxiety level of experimental group received education was statistically lower than control group (p < 0.05). There was no any statistical difference in trait anxiety levels between control and experimental groups (p > 0.05). The FEV1 and FEF25-75 values in experimental group were statistically higher than control group. A planned health education applied via the thoracotomy patient education booklet has a positive effect on clinical recovery process by affecting postoperative pain, state anxiety, and FEV1 and FEF25-75 values.

Proliferation and apoptosis of lung cancer cells regulated by gultaredoxin 3

Objective: To investigate the effects of inhibiting glutaredoxin 3(GLRX3) expression on proliferation and apoptosis of lung cancer cells. Methods: Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of GLRX3 protein in human embryonic lung fibroblast MRC5 and lung cancer cells, including A427, A549, PC9 and H1299. GLRX3-targeted siRNA (experimental group) and negative siRNA (negative group) were transfected into A549 cells, and the cells without special treatment were blank group. The protein expression levels of GLRX3, cleaved cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3(cleaved caspase-3), signal transducers and activators of transcription 3(STAT3), phosphorylated STAT3(p-STAT3) in each group at 48 hours after transfection were measured by Western blotting. The proliferation ability of differently treated cells at 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours after transfection were detected by CCK-8 array. The cell apoptosis at 48 hours after transfection was evaluated by flow cytometry. Results: The protein expression levels of GLRX3 in MRC5, A427, A549, PC9 and H1299 were 0.094±0.010, 0.282±0.021, 0.551±0.045, 0.423±0.039 and 0.454±0.036, respectively. The protein expressions of GLRX3 in tested lung cancer cells were significantly higher than that of MRC5 cells (all P<0.01). The GLRX3 protein expressions in blank group, negative control group and experimental group at 48 hours after transfection were 0.311±0.029, 0.328±0.032 and 0.103±0.012, respectively. GLRX3 protein expression level of experimental group in A549 cells was significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.01), whilewithout statistical difference between the negative group and blank group (P>0.05). A values of experimental group at 24, 48 and 72 hours after transfection in A549 cells were significantly different from those of blank group (all P<0.01). Percent of apoptotic cells in the experimental group was (9.52±0.56)%, which was significantly higher than that of blank group [(1.65±0.22)%] and negative control group [(1.42±0.26)%, all P<0.01]. Consistently, compared with blank group, the cleaved caspase-3 markedly increased in the experimental group (P<0.01). The protein expression of p-STAT3 in the experimental group was significantly lower than the blank group (P<0.01), while no significant difference of STAT3 protein expression was observed among all the groups (P>0.05). Conclusions: Inhibition of GLRX3 gene expression can inhibit the proliferation of lung cancer cells and induce cell apoptosis through up-regulating cleaved caspase-3 expression and down-regulating STAT3 signaling pathway.